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Ebook Masonry design and detailing (5/E): Part 1

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Part 1 book "Masonry design and detailing" includes content: History and development of masonry technology, raw materials and manufacturing processes, clay and ceramic products, cementitious masonry units, natural stone, mortar and grout, masonry accessories, wall types and properties, movement and moisture control, masonry walls and veneers.

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  1. www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  2. www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  3. MASONRY DESIGN AND DETAILING www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
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  5. MASONRY DESIGN AND DETAILING For Architects and Contractors CHRISTINE BEALL, NCARB, CCS Fifth Edition McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
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  8. To Dee, Puppy, Squirt, Peanut, and Pinky www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  9. CONTENTS Preface to Fifth Edition xix Preface to Fourth Edition xxi Preface to Third Edition xxiii Preface to Second Edition xxv PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MASONRY TECHNOLOGY 3 1.1 Development 3 1.2 Decline 5 1.3 Revival 5 1.4 Contemporary Masonry 8 1.5 Common Concerns 8 2 RAW MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 11 2.1 Clay Masonry 11 2.1.1 Clay Composition 12 2.1.2 Clay Types 12 2.1.3 Material Preparation 13 2.1.4 Manufacturing 13 2.1.5 Forming 13 vii www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  10. viii Contents 2.1.6 Drying 16 2.1.7 Glazing 17 2.1.8 Burning 18 2.1.9 Drawing and Storage 20 2.2 Concrete Masonry 20 2.2.1 Aggregates 20 2.2.2 Cements 21 2.2.3 Admixtures 22 2.2.4 Manufacturing 22 2.2.5 Material Preparation 22 2.2.6 Forming 23 2.2.7 Curing 23 2.2.8 Surface Treatment 25 2.2.9 Cubing and Storage 26 2.3 Mortar and Grout Materials 26 2.3.1 Cements 26 2.3.2 Lime 27 2.3.3 Masonry Cements and Mortar Cements 29 2.3.4 Sand 30 2.3.5 Water 32 2.3.6 Mortar Admixtures 32 2.3.7 Mortar Colors 35 2.3.8 Grout Admixtures 36 2.4 Environmental Impact 37 2.4.1 Resource Management, Recycled Content, and Embodied Energy 38 2.4.2 Construction Site Operations 39 2.4.3 Indoor Air Quality/Building Ecology 39 PART 2 MASONRY PRODUCTS AND ACCESSORIES 3 CLAY AND CERAMIC PRODUCTS 43 3.1 Brick 43 3.1.1 Sizes and Shapes 49 3.1.2 Hollow Brick 53 3.1.3 Special-Purpose Bricks 54 3.1.4 Glass Block 61 3.2 Structural Clay Tile 62 3.2.1 Loadbearing Wall Tile 64 3.2.2 Non-Loadbearing Tile 64 3.2.3 Facing Tile 66 3.2.4 Ceramic Glazed Facing Tile 66 3.2.5 Screen Tile 70 3.3 Terra Cotta 70 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  11. Contents ix 3.4 Properties and Characteristics of Fired Clay Products 72 3.4.1 Compressive Strength 74 3.4.2 Transverse Strength 74 3.4.3 Absorption 75 3.4.4 Durability 76 3.4.5 Expansion Coefficients 76 3.4.6 Fire and Thermal Resistance 77 3.4.7 Acoustical Characteristics 77 3.4.8 Colors and Textures 77 3.5 Adobe Masonry 78 3.5.1 Manufacturing Adobe 78 3.5.2 Physical Properties and Characteristics 80 3.5.3 Adobe Mortar 81 4 CEMENTITIOUS MASONRY UNITS 83 4.1 Concrete Brick 83 4.2 Sand-Lime Brick 83 4.3 Cast Stone 85 4.4 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block 87 4.5 Concrete Block 87 4.5.1 Coring 90 4.5.2 Grading and Moisture Content 90 4.5.3 Sizes and Shapes 90 4.6 Special Units 92 4.6.1 Screen Block 93 4.6.2 Prefaced Units 93 4.6.3 Paving Units 96 4.6.4 Segmental Retaining Wall Units 97 4.7 Properties and Characteristics 98 4.7.1 Unit Strength 98 4.7.2 Absorption 100 4.7.3 Volume Changes 102 4.7.4 Fire, Sound, and Heat Resistance 103 4.7.5 Colors 104 5 NATURAL STONE 105 5.1 Geological Characteristics 105 5.2 Properties 106 5.3 Production 108 5.4 Building Stone 112 5.4.1 Granite 112 5.4.2 Limestone 114 5.4.3 Marble 116 5.4.4 Slate 117 5.4.5 Sandstone 118 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  12. x Contents 5.5 Selecting Stone 118 6 MORTAR AND GROUT 123 6.1 Mortar Properties 123 6.1.1 Workability 123 6.1.2 Water Retention and Flow 125 6.1.3 Bond Strength 127 6.1.4 Compressive Strength 129 6.1.5 Extensibility and Volume Change 130 6.1.6 Durability 130 6.1.7 Efflorescence and Calcium Carbonate Stains 131 6.2 Mortar Classification 131 6.2.1 Clay Mortars 132 6.2.2 Lime-Sand Mortars 132 6.2.3 Portland Cement-Lime Mortars 132 6.2.4 Masonry Cement Mortars 133 6.2.5 “Mortar Cement” Mortars 135 6.2.6 The Portland-Lime Mortar versus Masonry Cement Mortar Controversy 136 6.3 Mortar Types 137 6.3.1 Type M Mortar 137 6.3.2 Type S Mortar 138 6.3.3 Type N Mortar 138 6.3.4 Type O Mortar 138 6.3.5 Type K Mortar 138 6.3.6 Choosing the Right Mortar Type 138 6.3.7 Proportion versus Property Method of Specifying Mortar 140 6.4 Specialty Mortars 142 6.4.1 Refractory Mortars 143 6.4.2 Chemical-Resistant Mortars 143 6.5 Grout 143 7 MASONRY ACCESSORIES 147 7.1 Metals and Corrosion 147 7.2 Horizontal Joint Reinforcement 152 7.3 Connectors 156 7.3.1 Ties 156 7.3.2 Anchors 159 7.3.3 Fasteners 164 7.4 Movement Joint Fillers 166 7.5 Bar Positioners 166 7.6 Flashing Materials 167 7.7 Weep Hole Accessories 170 7.8 Drainage Accessories 173 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  13. Contents xi PART 3 BUILDING SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 8 WALL TYPES AND PROPERTIES 177 8.1 Single-Wythe Walls 179 8.2 Multi-Wythe Walls 179 8.3 Veneer Walls 184 8.4 Fire Resistance Characteristics 186 8.4.1 Fire Tests 187 8.4.2 Fire Resistance Ratings 191 8.4.3 UL Ratings 196 8.4.4 Steel Fireproofing 196 8.4.5 Compartmentation 197 8.4.6 Fire Insurance Rates 199 8.5 Thermal Properties 199 8.5.1 Thermal Inertia 206 8.5.2 The M Factor 210 8.6 Added Insulation 211 8.6.1 Granular Fills 213 8.6.2 Rigid Board Insulation and Insulation Inserts 214 8.6.3 Vapor Retarders and Air Barriers 217 8.6.4 Insulation Location 217 8.7 Energy Conservation 218 8.7.1 Shading Devices 219 8.7.2 Direct-Gain Solar Heating 220 8.7.3 Thermal Storage Walls 221 8.7.4 Vented Thermal Storage Walls 222 8.7.5 Hybrid Systems 223 8.8 Acoustical Properties 224 8.8.1 Sound Ratings 225 8.8.2 Sound Absorption 226 8.8.3 Sound Transmission 227 8.8.4 STC Ratings 228 8.9 Movement Characteristics 232 9 MOVEMENT AND MOISTURE CONTROL 235 9.1 Movement Characteristics 235 9.1.1 Temperature Movement 236 9.1.2 Moisture Movement 237 9.1.3 Elastic Deformation 239 9.1.4 Plastic Flow 240 9.1.5 Effects of Differential Movement 240 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  14. xii Contents 9.2 Flexible Anchorage 242 9.3 Movement Joints 246 9.3.1 Joint Design 247 9.3.2 Joint Locations 251 9.3.3 Accommodating Movement Joints in Design 254 9.4 Moisture Protection 259 9.4.1 Prevent Moisture Accumulation 263 9.4.2 Limit Moisture Penetration 271 9.4.3 Material Selection 278 9.4.4 Waterproofing and Dampproofing 282 9.4.5 Condensation and Vapor Retarders 283 9.4.6 Calculating Condensation 284 9.4.7 Coatings 286 10 MASONRY WALLS AND VENEERS 291 10.1 Interior Partitions 292 10.2 Screen Walls and Fences 294 10.3 Glass Block Panels 309 10.4 Single-Wythe Walls 312 10.4.1 Empirical Design 313 10.4.2 Analytical Design 316 10.4.3 Water Penetration Resistance 317 10.5 Multi-Wythe Walls 322 10.5.1 Composite Walls 323 10.5.2 Cavity Walls 324 10.6 Masonry Veneer 326 10.6.1 Adhered Veneer 326 10.6.2 Anchored Veneer 328 10.6.3 Brick and CMU Veneer 331 10.6.4 Stone Veneer 339 10.7 Parapets 341 10.8 Shelf Angles 348 11 LINTELS AND ARCHES 359 11.1 Lintels 359 11.1.1 Load Determination 359 11.1.2 Steel Lintels 363 11.1.3 Concrete and Concrete Masonry Lintels 364 11.1.4 Reinforced Brick Lintels 367 11.1.5 Prefabrication 368 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  15. Contents xiii 11.2 Arches 368 11.2.1 Minor Arch Design 370 11.2.2 Graphic Analysis 371 11.2.3 Rotation 373 11.2.4 Sliding 373 11.2.5 Crushing 373 11.2.6 Thrust Resistance 375 11.2.7 Major Arch Design 376 12 STRUCTURAL MASONRY 379 12.1 Masonry Structural Systems 379 12.1.1 Axial Load Distribution 379 12.1.2 Lateral Load Distribution 381 12.1.3 Diaphragms 383 12.1.4 Masonry Shear Walls 383 12.1.5 Beams and Girders 389 12.1.6 Connections 391 12.1.7 Foundations 392 12.1.8 Reinforced and Unreinforced Masonry 393 12.1.9 Empirical and Analytical Design 395 12.1.10 Code Requirements 399 12.2 Empirical Design 399 12.2.1 Allowable Compressive Stresses 400 12.2.2 Lateral Support Requirements 400 12.2.3 Wall Thickness 400 12.2.4 Bonding 401 12.2.5 Corbeling 405 12.3 Analytical Design 405 12.3.1 Masonry Compressive Strength 411 12.3.2 Differential Movement 412 12.3.3 Unreinforced Masonry 413 12.3.4 Reinforced Masonry 413 12.3.5 Wind and Seismic Loads 414 13 FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS 419 13.1 General Considerations 419 13.1.1 Soil Bearing Pressures 419 13.1.2 Lateral Earth Pressure 419 13.1.3 Frost Depth 421 13.1.4 Surcharge 421 13.1.5 Overturning and Sliding 421 13.1.6 Expansion and Control Joints 421 13.1.7 Materials 421 13.2 Foundation Walls 421 13.2.1 Design and Construction 424 13.2.2 Unreinforced Walls 427 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  16. xiv Contents 13.2.3 Reinforced Walls 427 13.2.4 Footings 427 13.2.5 Drainage and Waterproofing 428 13.3 Retaining Walls 429 13.3.1 Traditional Retaining Wall Types 429 13.3.2 Cantilever Walls 431 13.3.3 Footings 432 13.3.4 Drainage and Waterproofing 432 13.3.5 Segmental Retaining Walls 435 14 MASONRY PAVING AND FIREPLACES 445 14.1 Masonry Paving 445 14.1.1 Outdoor Paving 446 14.1.2 Bases 446 14.1.3 Setting Beds 449 14.1.4 Paving Joints 449 14.1.5 Membrane Materials 452 14.1.6 Masonry Units 452 14.1.7 Paving Patterns 454 14.1.8 Brick Steps 454 14.2 Fireplaces 454 PART 4 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE 15 INSTALLATION AND WORKMANSHIP 467 15.1 Moisture Resistance 467 15.2 Preparation of Materials 468 15.2.1 Material Storage and Protection 468 15.2.2 Mortar and Grout 468 15.2.3 Masonry Units 472 15.2.4 Accessories 473 15.2.5 Layout and Coursing 474 15.3 Installation 479 15.3.1 Mortar and Unit Placement 479 15.3.2 Flashing and Weep Holes 490 15.3.3 Control and Expansion Joints 493 15.3.4 Accessories and Reinforcement 496 15.3.5 Grouting 498 15.3.6 Protections 507 15.4 Prefabricated Masonry 513 15.5 Construction Tolerances 513 15.5.1 Masonry Size Tolerances 516 15.5.2 Mortar Joints 517 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  17. Contents xv 15.5.3 Sealant Joints 517 15.5.4 Connections 518 15.5.5 Grout and Reinforcement 520 15.6 Cold Weather Construction 521 15.7 Hot Weather Construction 523 15.8 Moist Curing 524 16 MASONRY CLEANING AND RESTORATION 527 16.1 Construction Cleaning 527 16.1.1 Protections 527 16.1.2 Cleaning Methods 528 16.1.3 Cleaning Fresh Mortar Smears 529 16.2 Efflorescence and Stains on Unit Masonry 530 16.2.1 Efflorescence and Calcium Carbonate Stains 530 16.2.2 Vanadium and Manganese Stains 534 16.2.3 Stains From External Sources 535 16.3 Cleaning Stone Masonry 536 16.4 Cleaning Historic Masonry 536 16.4.1 Testing 537 16.4.2 Cleaning Methods 538 16.4.3 Precautions 539 16.5 Repair and Repointing 540 16.5.1 Repairs 540 16.5.2 Joint Preparation 540 16.5.3 Mortar 541 16.5.4 Pointing 543 16.6 Color Matching Brick 543 17 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL 547 17.1 Standard of Quality 548 17.2 Quality Assurance Program 548 17.2.1 Quality Assurance Requirements in Building Codes 548 17.2.2 Quality Assurance Requirements in the General Conditions 549 17.2.3 Quality Assurance Requirements in the Specifications 549 17.3 Quality Control Procedures 551 17.3.1 Quality Control Requirements in the General Conditions 551 17.3.2 Quality Control Requirements in the Specifications 552 17.4 Field Observation and Inspection 553 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  18. xvi Contents 17.5 Industry Standards for Masonry 554 17.5.1 Standards for Clay Masonry Units 554 17.5.2 Standards for Concrete Masonry Units 557 17.5.3 Standards for Masonry Mortar and Grout 558 17.5.4 Standards for Masonry Accessories 559 17.5.5 Standards for Laboratory and Field Testing 560 17.6 Masonry Submittals 561 17.6.1 Specifying Submittals 561 17.6.2 Submittal Procedures 563 17.6.3 Shop Drawings 563 17.6.4 Product Data 564 17.6.5 Samples 564 17.6.6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Submittals 564 17.6.7 Closeout Submittals 565 17.7 Sample Panels and Mock-Ups 566 17.7.1 Sample Panel 566 17.7.2 Mock-Up 566 17.7.3 Grout Demonstration Panel 568 18 SPECIFICATIONS AND FIELD OBSERVATION 569 18.1 Economic Considerations 569 18.1.1 Factors Affecting Cost 569 18.1.2 Value Engineering 571 18.2 Specification Guidelines 572 18.2.1 Mortar and Grout 572 18.2.2 Masonry Accessories 573 18.2.3 Masonry Units 573 18.2.4 Construction 574 18.2.5 Quality Control Tests 574 18.2.6 Sample Panels and Mock-Ups 575 18.3 Specifying with the MSJC Code 576 18.3.1 General 577 18.3.2 Products 578 18.3.3 Execution 578 18.4 Field Observation and Inspection 579 18.4.1 Materials 580 18.4.2 Construction 580 18.4.3 Workmanship 581 18.4.4 Protection and Cleaning 582 18.4.5 Moisture Drainage 582 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
  19. Contents xvii APPENDIX A GLOSSARY 585 APPENDIX B ASTM REFERENCE STANDARDS 621 BIBLIOGRAPHY 625 INDEX 633 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com
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