MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY
DO MINH TUAN
JOB SOLUTIONS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL
LABORERS IN THE URBANIZATION
PROGRESS IN THANH HOA PROVINCE
Major: Business Administration
Code: 62.34.01.02
ECONOMICS DOCTORAL SUMMARY
HANOI - 2018
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INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction on the thesis
The thesis is written with a total of 157 pages, of which the page numbers of each
chapter, each part is divided as follows: (introduction: 5 pages, chapter 1: 16 pages,
chapter 2: 38 pages, chapter 3: 62 pages, chapter 4: 33 pages, conclusion: 2 pages). The
thesis was conducted through the reference process of 112 documents (including 95
documents in Vietnamese and 17 documents in foreign languages). The thesis is illustrated
through 41 tables, 03 charts, 01 figure and 01 diagram.
The thesis has studied the rationale for employment, employment solutions,
employment solution content for agricultural laborers in the urbanization process in the
Supply-Demand approach as well as the analysis of factors aecting employment. Based on
the experience of employment solutions for agricultural laborers in the process of
urbanization in some countries in the world and some localities in Vietnam, the thesis has
drawn lessons for Thanh Hoa Province.
The thesis surveyed the employment situation and employment solutions for
agricultural laborers in the urbanization process in Tho Xuan, Tinh Gia Districts, Thanh
Hoa city, showing that there is still a large part of agricultural laborers losing their job due
to urbanization. This phenomenon is due to the following reasons: 1) group of factors in
the supply of agricultural laborers; 2) group of factors under the employment demand for
agricultural laborers; 3) Group of policy factors. From the analysis of the situation of
employment solutions at the research sites, through the SWOT analysis, the thesis
proposes solutions to solve the problem of agricultural laborers in the urbanization process
in Thanh Hoa Province in the time to come.
2. The necessity of the thesis
After more than 30 years of renovation and industrialization, the country's
urbanization, agriculture and rural areas have made impressive strides in socio-economic
development. However, unemployment, lack of employment in this area is less
improved and more and more serious. Therefore, the employment solution for
agricultural laborers in the process of industrialization and urbanization is an urgent
issue of the Party and the State, of the current branches and levels.
Thanh Hoa is a large province in North Central Vietnam with a population of over
3.5 million (2016), of which 82.93% of the population are living rural areas, 17.07% of
the population are living in urban areas. Along with abundant labor force and also one of
the localities with high unemployment rate in agriculture, in 2016, underemployment of
Thanh Hoa is 4.95% compared to 2.28% in all over country. The population of the
province has increased rapidly, with an average of 2.34% in the period 2012 - 2016. The
number of people added to the social work force is relatively large annually, mainly in
agriculture areas, countryside.
Along with the economic development, urbanization in Thanh Hoa is also very
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strong, urbanization has changed the face of rural areas, a large part of agricultural land
will move to industrial and urban land, inevitably increase the number of underemployed
laborers in the agricultural sector, rural areas and changes in many aspects of life,
economy and society.
Therefore, the employment solutions for agricultural laborers in the process of
urbanization in Thanh Hoa Province should be studied seriously, pointing out the
shortcomings, constraints, causes and barriers to help Thanh Hoa Province clearly
identify shortcomings in economic development and economic restructuring of the
province. Based on that, propose orientations and solutions to solve the problem of
employment for agricultural laborers in Thanh Hoa Province in the coming time.
Starting from the above urgent issues, the Ph.D candidate selects the title:
ā€œEmployment solutions for the agricultural laborers in the urbanization progres in
Thanh Hoa Provinceā€, as the title of Economics Doctoral Thesis, major of Business
Administration.
3. Research objectives and mission
3.1. Objectives: To study the employment situation and employment solutions for
agricultural laborers in the urbanization process in Thanh Hoa Province for the period of
2013-2017, proposing solutions to 2025 with a vision to 2030 socio-economic
development of the locality.
3.2. Mission
- To clarify the rationale and practical experience in employment solutions for
agricultural laborers in the process of urbanization; Establish theoretical frameworks for
employment solutions for agricultural laborers in the process of urbanization.
- To analyze the situation of employment solutions for agricultural laborers in the
urbanization process in Thanh Hoa Province; Indicates achievements, limitations and causes.
- To propose directions and some key solutions to employment solutions and
increase income for agricultural laborers in the process of urbanization in Thanh Hoa
Province until 2025 with a vision to 2030.
4. Research scope:
Spatial scope: Do research in Thanh Hoa Province, referring to experiences of some
countries in the region and in the country. Primary data were collected in 3 Districts (Tho
Xuan District, Tinh Gia District, Thanh Hoa city).
Timing scope: Analyze and evaluate the current situation of employment and employment
solutions in the period of 2013 - 2017; Propose solution until 2025 and vision to 2030.
Content scope:
- The thesis researches solutions to create jobs for agricultural laborers in the process
of urbanization. In particular, focus on employment solutions for agricultural laborers living
in rural areas, redundant agricultural laborers working in the field of agriculture and surplus
agricultural laborers operating in other areas of the urbanization process.
- The thesis focuses on two main contents (expanding the employment demand for
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agricultural laborers and improving the quality of agricultural labor supply) in Thanh Hoa Province.
- The thesis focuses on employment solutions for agricultural labor mainly from 2 sides
(state management agencies and enterprises) for agricultural laborers living in rural areas.
- The thesis examines the factors affecting the employment for agricultural labor in
the urbanization process such as the factor group of agricultural labor supply (population,
working age, education, professional level of laborers, soft skills, education and training ...);
Factors related to employment demand for agricultural laborers (business environment,
economic development in urbanization, etc.); Group of factors belongs to state policy.
5. Research questions
- How does the situation of urbanization in Thanh Hoa take place?
- How is the economic structure of Thanh Hoa Province moving in the process of urbanization?
- How does the urbanization process affect the employment of Thanh Hoa's
agricultural laborers?
- What is the problem of employment for agricultural laborers of the province in the
past time? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
- What solutions to solve the employment of agricultural laborers in the province in
the process of urbanization in the coming time?
6. Structure of the thesis
Apart from the introduction, conclusion, list of references, the thesis note is
divided into 4 chapters:
Chapter 1. Overview and research methodology;
Chapter 2. Scientific basis on employment solutions for agricultural labor in the
process of urbanization;
Chapter 3. The current situation of agricultural labor solutions in the urbanization
process in Thanh Hoa Province;
Chapter 4. Employment solutions for agricultural laborers in the urbanization
process in Thanh Hoa Province.
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.1. Overview of research works relating to the thesis title
1.1.1. The researches in foreign countries
- Studies on employment and policy: There are many studies on employment and
policy, such as: In 1936, J.M. Keynes, ā€œTheory of Employment, Interest Rates and
Monetaryā€; In 1976, Todaro, M. P. ā€œInternal Migration in Developing Countries: A
Review of Theory, Evidence, Methodology and Research Prioritiesā€; International Labor
Office, Geneva 26; In 2003, Martin M. & Ronald W.M, Unemployment duration and
employability in remote rural labor markets; In 2009, Harry Toshima, Essay in
development of Economics in honor of Harry Toshima.
- Labor market studies: In 1998, Ben Fine, A constructive reassessment; In 2006,
Jenkins, Globalization, FDI and employment in Viet Nam; In 2008, Lu, Ming and
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Shiquing Jiang, Reform of the labor market, income inequality and economic growth in
China; In 2008, Alex Warren-RodrĆ­guez, ā€œThe impact of the global crisis on employment
levels in Poland: an elasticity approachā€, UNDP Vietnam Technical Note; 2014,
International Labor Organization, ā€œGlobal Report: World Employment 2014:
Development with Employmentā€.
1.1.2. Domestic research works
- Studies on employment and policy: The authors' researches include: Bui Ngoc Lan
(2007); Tran Thi Minh Ngoc (2010): Employment of farmers in the process of
industrialization and modernization of the Red River Delta up to 2020; Le Du Phong
(2007), Income, life and employment of people whose land is recovered for the
construction of industrial zones, urban areas, socio-economic infrastructure, public works
national interests; Vietnam Institute of Economics (2010), Employment, Investment,
Trade and Enterprise Development in Vietnam; Le Quoc Hoi (2012), Employment and life
of laborers in industrial zones, export processing zones and economic zones in Vietnam;
Nguyen Van Thang (2013) ā€œEmployment policies for rural youth in areas subject to land
recoveryā€; Nguyen Hoai Nam (2015), Employment policy for rural laborers in the context
of migration - Research in some provinces in North Central Vietnam; Pham Ngoc Canh
(2015), Employment for rural youth in Nghe An; Tran Thi Minh Giang (2017),
employment solutions for farmers whose land is revoked in Vinh city, Nghe An province.
- Labor market studies: Hoang Kim Ngoc (2003), Small and Medium Enterprise
Development contributes to employment solutions and labor restructuring in rural areas;
Le Xuan Ba (2008), Employment development associated with the shift of rural-urban
labor structure; The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2001), Some issues
on industrialization and modernization in agricultural and rural economy in the 2001-
2020 period; Hanoi Agricultural University (2012), Agriculture, rural areas, farmers in
the process of industrialization and urbanization in Vietnam; Dang Kim Son (2008),
Agriculture, Farmers, Rural Vietnam - Today and tomorrow, International experience in
agriculture, rural areas, farmers in the process of industrialization...
1.1.3. The key issues of the thesis but haven not been properly mentioned in the research
The research works at home and abroad analyzed different aspects of employment,
employment in general. There has been no deep research on the changing livelihoods
and livelihoods resources for agricultural laborers in the urbanization process. The
above-mentioned studies also do not deeply analyze the problem of solving employment
associated with the efficient use of resources, especially socio-economic development in
the context of international economic integration.
In addition, researches in different time and space have not studied employment
solutions for agricultural laborers in the urbanization process in Thanh Hoa Province. On
the basis of utilizing and exploiting the potential of resources to create jobs in the
agriculture of the province. Based on the SWOT analysis of the Supply-Demand
approach, the thesis proposes solutions to promote and facilitate market development in