a6 f)~1 HOC vA TRUNC HOC CHUVtN NGHltp TRt1'iJ'NG B~I HQC TONC RQ'P TP. Db CHI MINH
~
c..Au QUANGHI~N
~
DIEMI
MOT' SO DAC.
SINHTHAI HOC RUNG TRE LO 6
(Bambusa procera A. Chev. et A. Cam.)
'-A
"'-
A MIIN DONG NAN I'Q
Chovan ngonh: SINH THAI - Me IE;t 01 . 05 -10
TOM TAT LU!N AN PHQ utN 51 KHOA HQC
-".--'-'--'
._\
.
.
..-; ~\!~ \~ . . ~ " I \ l- ~II.~L,r ---~".j \
"
\~,~
tH.i.NH PH6 HO CHr MINH 1987
r~\~\i\-\/,:.J('.' !.-., I THUii':"j",C \ . - !..>
luOn an dirge holm thanh IQi B9 men Sinh moi, Khoa Sinh h9C Tnrbng 9Qi hQcTOngHgp Thanh ph6 Hd Chf Minh.
NgU'c7ihU'ang do, khoa hQe; G 5 T 5 PnUNG TRUNG NGAN
Ngll'ai nh9n xet 2:
NgU'bi nh9n xet I:
tQi hQidong ch6m luQn ." Nha nU'6'e
luQn an s~ dU'gcb60 v, hQp tQi Twang 9Qi hQc TOng Hgp Thanh ph6 He ChI Minh vao
Iuc:
Ca quan nh9n xet:
Co th~ Jim hiAulu9n an IQiTnU'vi'n.
ngay thong nam
ldu
" ,. ntJt
l2i¥i
C'-hiemd'~n ti.h haft 150. 000 ha tQi mi~" Dong N"m b~ rung Tre ll) 0 hay r&"g Ll) 0 vva la ngubn nguye" li~u quaM Ir9ng cho (6ng nghi~p gilSy va li~u th~ cong m9 ngh, xu6! khltu vuo la d6i t"Clng nghi@n c60 khaa hQc 19 thu v~ cae qui luSIf linh thai hQCc~a rung nhi~t d61.
,ung Lb 0 da va dong bi khoi Hi;n toi, (khoi Ihac Irllng;"cf61 'ling lam r6)', 16y mOng bira bai thae m9t e6ch tvy , c6p li&n tye cl1a I.," pen di;n '!ch, eh6t I"Clng va khc!JpOng tung ,irog bi gic!JmtU~ m9t each nghiem I'Qng.
&~ phye h6i v'n 'ling, pong coo pOng ~y61, eh6t
..
,
.
~,
~h~n mqt:
TONG QUAN VA PH(ftrNG
PHAP NGHIEN LUU
luClng ,irng, vi,c lien hanh "hOng nghien ccrucac d{Jc di~m sinh :hai hQc lam ca .6 khoa hQc cho vi,c knoi Ihac va .{, dyng hap Iy lai "guyen 'ling ll) 0 la van dli "hel SUCc6p thith.
llCH Slr NGHIEN c(ru RUNG TItE lO 0
ChU'ang I i
MQe du 10 loai T,. qUO" IrQng nhlll Nom bQ, nhU'ng tho rung lo 0 con quo tt va chi
den nay, cae c6ng I,inh khc!Josat mai t9P trung vaG cae khia cQr,h: Phon 10QIIhY'c v9t (lecomt. M. H, 1912: PhQrn Hoang HQ, 19721, dleu Ira hi,n trQng loi 1983), chIt bien nguyen rung (Vi,n dreu Ira qni hO9Ch rung, b~f gi6y fir lo 0 (Chou CY'Xu, 1964; Nguy~n YOn Hlen, 1973) k9 thu(ltlam sinh (ly ThQ, 1979; lam Xuan Sanh va Chou Quang Hi~n; 19d4) . . va ch"a co tong lrinh nao khoo lal khfo cQnh .inhlh6i h9C cuo rCr"g. .
NnJn chllng, cae k~t qua hi.n co con fU'ang d6i sa 1U'(jJcVO
to nhi~u di~m chU'a th6n9 nh~t nhou nhU' xac dinh ten khoa t;9c, ki~u sinh "U'CIn9cua lo 0, cae (hi tieu k9 Ihu{ll cuo phU'ang dOng thoi con nhieu vaQ d~ co bon co y thCrech{Jt cl,Qn '"
-2-
,.~
..~
'.
"
nghta quon frQng ct6i vai vi~c sUodvng hgp Iy lai nguyen rllng lO 0 nhu d{1c di ~m hinh Ihanh, dien fhe, sinh kh6i, nOng suet rllng chua dugc khoo, s6t. Ke thlro cac ket quo da dQf dugc trong c6c nghien CIlU
Chuang 2: NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAp NGHIEN CI1U
truae day, mi,leHell cua lu?m qn, nay la du-(j'igoe dQ sinh thai hQC, ti~p tve di§u ha thY'C Ie g6p phan khao sat mQt so d{1c dit\m sinh thai hQe cua fling ,Lo 0 mien' Gong Nom BQ la~ co th6c va nljOj sa khaQ hQC tho v!~c de xual phlfo;lghuang,khoi ClU'angrl/ng mC}teach hgp Iy hon.
I'~' NQ1' DUNG' N,GHIEN CI1U: '..
Can ell vaa myc tieu eua
l{tp trung. khco
'
cuo qUaM thi to 0 tri~nbinh Ihuang du6i phat hoy
cuo lu{m 6n va cae chi dan rllng UNESCO, UNDP, FAO, 1978 ve nghien CIlUh~ sinh thai cac n{li dung nhi~t d6i vaa dieu ki~n cv th~ (UOflIng Lo 0, sol Irong ju{tn an nay la cae c{1c chinh duge uac diim hin'h th'anh, dieM Il1e, sinh Iruang tau Irue quar1 thi, trang dieu tfnh sinh kh6i va nOMa suat kitn lac dQng cuo con nguai. Trim co So' do de xuat mQt y kiin ve bi~n phap k9 thU91 khoi thac va nuoi duO'nghgp Iy lai nguyen rll~g Lb 0 de Ihiet th"c phvc V;Jsan XUaf.
I I. PHUONGPHAp NGHIEN ClrU :
I) Phuong phap luQn:
rlrng Lo 0 vi d{1c diem sinh mOng dong voi 9§ gici quyet mvc tieu va nQi dung nghien ciru neu Iren, phuong phap luQn ng"ien CIlUd{11'co sa fren, lu{m diEim 4:sinh thai ph6! sinh quan the ~ \Thai vOn Trlrng 1970) vQn dvng vaa dieu ki~n cv Ih~ cuo flIng La 0 la mc?t quan (dc}ng:. va hang nOm rlrng tei sinh th~ thll sinh, co eeJutruc vo tinh bang' each sinh mOngoXual ph61 tll cac d{1etrung nay: - Vi~c khoo sol d{lc du!m sinh mOng da dugc chQn nhll 1a di6m, ehu y~u xuyen qua toon be? luQn an d~ khoo sat "dc}ng thai" Iro quan tr9ng trong qua tdnh hlnh thanh, xu hl/ong dlEtntho, kilo nelng
,-,3'~
d9ng vl! sinh kh6i, C(]U'ru~/nOn;
sueSt ...
.
,p.hyc hc!,)i,,s,!b4en ,.Q)'a Clu~n 1,116,1.:0O.
.
.ih~ h'i~n voi fro cua con ngU'oi trong qua trinh diAD ~'e~ .:' Ihe Ill'" sinh, tong lac Ihu nh9p so li~u Ihl{e te da dllge b6 tr; "h~o. phuong Ih,(re va m(rc d9'aC d9ng cua c.on ngU'oi, ap dvng phllOl:19 pnap sinh. thai hQCso $anh, phuong phap. suy dieD . Clements, FiE, 1916) d6 nhQn dinh va phan tich kat qua. (
va phQm vi, khao
tac'tnu 2) Phuong phap thu th9P va xli 'Con9
khi bj khoi
thoe
rllng Lo 0 "phvc
,
Ir Cong Ihai
cae
.
.
tri6n dn dinh, chuo bj con ngllai h6i '0 sou
Iy s6 h9U:
IhQp sO li~u IhY'c Ie da dllqe lien hanh ireU
caekhu Vl/Cphon b6 chinh cuo Lo 0' mien &ong Nom 89; Phu6c
IU- 1980 - 198:>va eJieu
Long (560g Be), Vlnh An (&on9 Nol)
tu- 1980 - 1987.
tra bO sung tQI Nom Cal Tien (&ong Noi)
sat 16 cae qUaD Ih6 Lo 0 a
tl/gog
&6i
rung ma Lo 0 chiem I/U the (0 r~t 1rong to thanh
cae trQng thai
cae khu Vl/Cdang kinh doanh J V6i Illng n9i dung, da ap dvng cae: phuong phop thu IhOp i6 li,u Ihkh hqp; - - Qo.o tdnh dieD the d<;tc dl6m eau Iruc q\J~n xa thon rung, quan th~ Lo 0 da dugc dieu tro Iren 54 0 lieu 'chu{1O
ea",tru,
(O,lho)
theo phuong phap 0 lieu chubn (XUCOSOVIv. N, 1957;
Thai Van Trung, 1970) ket hgp v6i phuong ph6p ve bi~u do
phau di~n (DavIs, T. A. W va Richards, P. W, 1933 - 1934).
- Hinh Ihoi vo .sinh Irvo-ng cua Ihan ngam, mOog, --:-.4- . khi sinh, hOd U> 0 dU',?,ekhao sat va me ta (theo Ueda,-K,
1960; Le Nguy&n, 1971; Tran a(re HQu, 1985) bang
goe
nam 1982. - Sinh khoi va nOng suet fling dU'gc thu th{lp theo phU'ang
phap ffcay tieu chubn blnh quon If vQndvng cv th~ vao dieu
ki~n rli'1g ld 0 tren 16 e 'tieu chubn 0,1 ho (Kiro, T. va CI",
1967; Crow, T. R. 1971). - Tinh chat hoo hQccuo dat, . than khi sinh, la, vQt rvng
ite 0 dU'ClClay mcwva phon tich tQiVi~nKyThu(1tNong Ng~i~p
mien 90ng Nom Bova TrU'cm99Qi HQc NOng lam thanh phiS
.
-He Chi Minh. . than ngam, each :d'c2o
rhea dCii $1/ sinh mOng trong suot mu~ mU'o . . &~ dam b~o mllc d9 tincQY can thief tho cae nhQn xel,
luc}n, phU'Q'ng phap thong .ke sinh hQc da dU'Clesli d¥ng ..
ket
,!rpng vi~c xay dvng cae phU'O'ngtrinh hei qui giO'o kich thU'C7c
'Ii\}9 kkh thuoc va trQng 1U',?,ngtheo cae chi don
:c:,o<:t:l9 phon,
:S:U.oOgowa, H va elv, 1»61, Sobhosri, S. va ctv, 1968. Tuy nhien
~9C phU'O'ngphap quon sat, mota
van dU'Cle IIi dyne khi can
t:,j~t, " - , . . " '" , " ~I :'
. .t
ChU'ang 3: e~c alEM HINH THANH VA XU HlJ'ONG DIEN THE I. Hocn tanh sinh thai khu vve phtln be cuo Ld 0: Phttn hai: KtT QUA vA 'IRAO LU~l"J (; mien &ong Nom B91 fling Lo 0 phon b6 tren m9' khu
Vile r9ng Ion, d{1c bi~I tQP trung thanh /I bi~n Tre II a huy+n
PhU'ac Long (S'ong Be), VTnh An (&6ngNai) va rei roc han a
Nom Cat Tien lBong Noi), hin'" d9ng doi thap den doi coo, Khu vl/c phon bo cuo Lo 0 a coo d9 100 - 450m. dio
khl h9U nhi~t dai gio muo -5~ ' ; ,
"v6i "T~ 25,2°C, h)'<}n9 mlla coo P = 2059 mm, v6i90% tOp
frung vea muc: mllO (thong 4 - II), muo kho ng60 haD (chi
'"i6 ThQi Van Trling X = 4.2. I), Iren nen d6t ,feralit n6u do
no,u ,vang fren do bazan,
feralit xam Yang, vang do tren phien
thQch.la
; ~6t, khong ng9P veo mua mlla. cae 10Qi dat co fang d61 sau (> 60 em),' Ih06tthuy Cae quan sat thl[C Ie eho thay va phon be, loai Tre quan IrQng a mien &5ng Nom' 69: ' thie, tien de can ,hie! -IlhU'ng thtra du gioi co 51[ phon
(Bambusa orundinaeea willd)
,Tre
thap, dOl b&ngven song su6i, d6t
thllong bj ng9P lap xap vao mug mllO. SI!
qui hoa ro r~t glO'a La 0 va Tre Gai
cOng la m9'
Gainlhuang Xval lii~n a nai
.xom trim granit
khat bi~, ve yeu cau sinh thai nay can dU'<}cehll y Irong
hoQeh vung ehuyen eanh cho m6i loai. Saoden t,vrbinotus Gaertri.l, (Hopeo KIC~urllog nguyeri du6i "khiem 16n"ya voi
sinh noy hi~n fQi con the, co th~ nEw gio thuyet ngv6i thorn c)n Cae dieu ki~r1 sinh thai nau fren chi mal eho Ihoy 'dQe di~m
cOG khu vl{c mo Lo 6 co kho nang xam chie".. va !no rc}ng di,n
51{plio!" 5i'nh
tich/la
,mc}t di~n tieh rCrng Lo 0 bQt ngan n;,ll hi~nIQi. Hori 'nO'a' th'r,~h
thom Ihl/'- Y91r~rig nguyen
'ling vOi dieu kl~n$inh thai -nau Iren,
sinh a day'
'do /0 rlrng dm thvong 'xa'nh mva mu~ nhi~t"dal
.v6'i SVI1Uthe'cua looi cay go hQDau (Dipteroearpac'eae",rihU' DCiu
,.J6 bong (Dipterecorpus
:'Qdorato Roxb.) a fang vuql ,einh~n gluo v6i cae loai-khai;; ~hU'
;aYOniCa 81.) Cay Jrvingia maJoycino Oliv~),
,H'uynh ITarrietia
It 1001
Lirn 50ng (P..ltophoru:n da5yrachis KUiZ), xen Ian m9t
sp.)
'Jyng fa mua kh9 nhU' 6ang Lang (Lagersfroemia'
..'.
'trongdo,o
51{ hi~n d'4n ,uo to 6
Ian rCrng nhU'ng
tro hau nhv kh6ng
,phon b6 roi la"'56ng
hi~n di;.n
; d6ngke.
filng mong di~n lich nhe a Bu Gia M9P (Song Be), Nom cat
r&ng d~n
,'TIEm~\aoog Noi). Nhll
tich bQt ngon cuo Lo 0 hl~n IQi co nguon g6c tCr Lo 0
Irong
.rllng gO,nguyen siph va qua
chung lah9"' quatac
d9ng
[19~yelJ.s:nh :~ khl.! vI/' nay. tlinh hinh thanh, dien the CUD
rCrng
den
cuo -"!'"6.!!!!. , " II.. VAITRO CON NGU'al TRONG SI! HiNH TH~H VAl
,: den hQu qua 10 r~n9go bi va. .tan va ngheoki9t thai mainay. ti€m ,phone, U'a sang, '. OIEN 'THE RUNG:
nRClng Lo Ohinh thanh U, rClnggo nguyensinh J Tac d9ng
d(ju ti.en va tren qui mo Ian tu- XQxU'a den ruftg nguyen sInh
hi ,nc;m-ph6 rlinglcim ray cua dong boo dan toe Stieng :va- s(jn
la anh hU'ung n{lng na, cOo chat d9c
day (hI 1960 den nay)
theo
hoa hQc cua de quae M9 va vi~e khai thac ru-ng bU-Qbai
.hU'ang lay di cae cay go qui cao to va chlio IQi CCf:,cay kern
gia: tddU'a
,10
d(jn cae loai go quI. Trong hoan canh sin!'
cco
; 6 vbi nhilng d{lc di~m cua m9t loai
diau kitn xam chiem khoang Ir6n9 b&ng co 2 con dU'ang vo
vo tinh Idn, hilu tinh: HQt La 6 (n&m sOn trong dot hoCjc dU'qe
phat
tan tu- noi khac den) 9CjP dieu kit". thu~1nIgi sanc!ty
mom de dang bien thanh cay con, Tu-cay con nay hang nam
mane dU'gcsinh ra hinh thanh cae the h~ ke Hap d~ saucvng
thanh byi Tre La Q. 1uy theo mCrcd9 lam ray. khai quong,
khaithac
va va tan cua ,(rng go ma freonthve te, co th~ 99P
~hi~u trc;angthai trung gian v6'i cae mCrcd9 U'uthe khac nhau
rClng g6
cua cay go va ~a 0 thee hU'6'ngLa 0 hoa rung g6: . )Cen ~a 0, Khao sat ,Clng La 0 xen go, ru-ng La 0 thu(jn loc;ai.
rClng nay cho
lap cay tai sinh a cae: trc;ang thai
th6y khi cay go con U'u the- so vai Lo - 0 (rung g& xen Lo~O)
,thl lap cay go tai sinh phong phu (2800 cay (> Im)I he) thu9c
la bong, Go mQt, Binh linh; B~ng lang, Cay,
cae loai :Dau
co kha n6ng chan)
Tram, TrU'ang,Long moog, BCra.Co k6 ..'
IQi fifth trQng va tan va tiep fve giO'vai fro U'u the d6i vaiLo-o
NhU'ng khi Lo- 0 da giD' vai Iro U'u the (rling L~- 0 xen g6'
,
binh
fling La. 0 thubn 109i) lap cay gO tei sinh it hoi)etrung
'tit 00 - 1600 cay>
Im/haJ phbn Ian IhU9C c6c loQi g6 nhe I
long mang, Co ke, Thanh ngQnh, Long ,mCre,56 ". nen tri."
v9ng phyc hai
loi 51f U'Uthe cua cay go ta di~u kho co th~
xay ra. Qua tdnh hinh thanh rling La. 0 Iii g6 thee hU'l1ng Lb. &
hoa
c6 5V cQnh
flIng g6 nay ch6c ch6n to qua trinh tau dai,
tronh d~ gianh U'uthe tling IUt, t,,"S ngi tUOcay g6 hQ9C La .'Q. "'~~-'7- IQi tiep t...c bi toe dgng bol . 2) R\rhg lb. 0 hinh thanhtren
dat visn 10 euar&ng lb;, 0&
Sou khi hin; thanh tll fling go. cae trQ'Ig thai rl1ngLo-0 (Lo-o
.en go~ L) -6 tnuchl 10Qi...)
eon!
ngU'ai: pbarl1J1g Lcho lam ray, khai t~hQc,rang,L9~ 0 ... $au khi;
bi tac d9ri9, do khlJ "nang lai sinh vB tj~h monh mi§, than ngam'
Lo- 0 van liep t...c dam choi sinh mans hinh thanh . cae trQng
trang. "
thai r\rng Lo - 0 "ph...e hoi"
sou ray,
hoi, vai!ro U'u thecu-a Lo';"0 doi .vai cay go tang
\ r\rngphve
'r~r,t
vi lap cay 96 lai sinh 0 day kern phong' ph" va eh'-
y6u van Ii] cae cay go nho (long mllc, Co ke, Thanh ngonh)
thCrsinh mQc x.n vai Lo. 0, de dang va nhanh . chong han do da sou khoi thae , , . . '. ",n9 La- 6 cho Ih6y: Nh9n dinh chung ve d9C df~m hinn ,r,'anh va diin Ihe 0
- Rling Lo . 0 dU'qc tac d9ng .16ng hgp cua cae nnan t6
tin~ thai: cac nhan '0 'V nhi~m (dia hinh, khi h9U, dot, h,
10 tien de can thief, con ngl1Olla nhan to t90
thvc 'vqL..)
,hoen eanh va kha nang tai sinh (hi:rutinh va 'vo tinh) cua to.
0 10 d9ng Il{ccua qud trinh nay. - Bay Ie qua ,dnh diln the ch+ch hU'ang. do riguyen'
v9': Khi La- 0 eta xam nh9p va chiem U'uthe 'rong
nhan..inh
t.
thenh fling thi cay go kho co kh6 nOng phve hOi IQi vi Iti
U'u Ihe cuo no do kha nang tei sinh vo tinn mQllh me cOO lo. 0
da 16nat. tinh 6n djnh LUO f"ng/a 0 rat ",'Mqc du 10 I ling thli ~mh,
k"n bj Ci'.9t 'rang, eGO
lam I at, chung van c6 kho hOng
trongd.eu
phvc-hoil9i nhahh chong bang con dU'ong~o tinh, &iy Ie d{tt: So v&i qua trinh hinta thanh r\rng Lo. 0 l\r rl1ng g6 nguyen
linn ,thi a 'noj ,vanda dat f\rng Lo-6 slf, hinh thanh (phvc ~Oi)
n;n9 Lo . 0 diinra
c6
thong Ihon ngam va kha nang tai sinh vo tinh niQnh
16n h,
mi cuala -.0.'
" m9t GOnoi bi lam ray lien Ive, dat bi thoaihda. mQnh
.ml
th80 hU'anggiam'd9 ph'" chua va Latedt hoo tQo dl~u kiin
tho'cae quan th6 Co IranI'! (Imperalo cylindrica (Lj P.'Beouv)
Co my (Penniselum polys'achyon (L)Schul1.1xam chiem va thay
,he Lo-O. -':~- : d6im 46ng , qui" n~u b16t (;)I't kinh doanh hgp Iy th1 s! duy tr1
, kha n6ng nay giup rO'ngdQt n6ng lu6t ca~,. h9n ,ehe qucl trinh , CBU'O'NG 4' r BIND THAI 'VA SINH TRU6'NG I liJNH THAI I . , , , ' , , "trang co hoa r&ng I~ o. ' , " _.' ~;: ' Ket quo ph8n tich cae mau than ngbm, than khi $:in~,16,
hoa~ LO 0, thu th9P a PhU'acBinh, Dakta, Bu ,Gla M9P~ Vtnh
.','An,' Nom C~t Tiencho th6y lb 0 d6i tU'gngkhbo sat eua lu9n
, an nay c6 cae dQc di~m sou day:
Than
7 - IOem, khong gai, 16ng bQng, vach moog, . ' ngem mQc eym, krch thU'aG coo 13- 15m, dU'ang kinh tQi b, II SINH TRUONG: I) &Qc'diim sinh mang: .",. Si:nhfru'c,Ilg.cliathanngtlm: Than ngum lb & sinh trU'ang
"
,thee ki~u;hqp' trye va than ngam mai dU'ge sinh to chu yeu tl>'
"Jhan ngem cay'm~ I n6m tubi. Net d91 s6c eua than ngamLo a
'1'0co' kIth thirae kha dai (50.80em), dam hoi nghitng xuong d6t
trU'flakhi cong liD ra khoi d6t Ihanh mOng(gan gi6ng nh" loCal
,Melocanllab(!-lnbusoidesTrin, a An d9, do d6 Cae than khl sinh
trong bVLLIS,0 khong mQcsat vao nhau nin chU'a thay xoy ra
:-hi,n tU'gf1g la C«Silong
:~ trllng dai, mo Dang co toi khans phat tri~n,gie boa hinh 'ov~1
, I)hQn d~p mang 5 - 7 hoa tfmtrong do co 3 -.4 hoa thy', e6 lei
nhO'ngdQc trU'ngcua loai BambuM procera A. (her ,et A. Cdin,
da dU'gcLecomte H 1913 vaPhQm hoang H9, 1972 mo la, Cac
d{lc tning nay khac ro r~t (n"61 la hoo) vat loci Schizosta6h-
. gum idllingeri Steud cung c6 ten dia phU'ang 10 Lb 0 Igi~ ho,a
hinh try, manh, I hoc Thy), " : Than ngem co sinh trU'ang- 60 djith,
trong dti c6 I
nge,m mai
ngem mai e6 kith fh.,,6'c w'ong dU'ang than ngem m~
'd c::::4.5. em) ph~t trieD thanh than, khi linh.-'&oikhLc6 hi;n -m~i Ihonngem m~ ,inh ra 4 - 5 than
,than --9- d~c
khf sin1ol~' -'U'9ftgnglrng 's.nh frU'anga nhiJ'ng "oj b~i ph6ftri~nday
'co 4 .Stha:f1 ngam m6'i cfl!u-kh5ng ph6f Iri~n thanhthan
~Vao (d'c' nOm- sau, nett khan's sian dlnh dU'~ng "huQ'n Igi ,hon,
, chung van c6kha mOns ph6t - acae trcmg thai rang £6 0' cpill!-c h(ji~' ivcio n(Jmcfa~ tien tri6n ",onh than khi'sinh ' tri6n thantt , ' . Cae dQ.ngmiingt Khi li1ai'x~afhi," co' ;h~ ph6n' bi~t3
d\1ng mOng: ,nanh,
(co oQng than ngam), mOns (cu» (dl}u t~on
cf9C. r~9tr'v'a ;mOng c6ng~.r(dQng ong nhQn; r6ng rv91) VOl ti I,
10%, 30%,-60%. MC1-ng~ndnh~,mOng' acu.'
binh qua'n khoong
thvong t?i l'hulchet,
trOt IQoimOn,g<6ng, khoe linh,tnran.g nhqnh
ngay la~'khi xuat hi~n va, Ii I~ phat tri6n .ttlanh than 'khi,s,nh,. cg4»(70,~,90%)., . ,,', " ' , don ,den nhon u!.khac N9y'y~n, bl~tvl! hinh thai ban , '", , dau.,
Moog
kith th'-tbc Ih(r3)c;iJ (;~,_4-2j7ctitj,'choi ~u tli ehbi,~. (3t~":4'Ocm), con,mOng ' ,
cua mOng, dU' 1 (1,0-2,OC171)"" '" " . ,., >. Mud lniing ~ Mua xvat hi~n mOng to 0 ke~ daH!) dbo'
thong 9 khbp v6imua mu'a fQFdaYltrong',dd, fhU'ac than ngam sou ray ch9m hon ,,'au Ii\}iai" sou khi,cay mebj
chqt do hi kich thich-sinh Iyya 'khonggicJn'
song thu9n"gi
nen 56',h,gog thon ngam m6'ilin~ gig timg (,5.7
than, ~hi
than ng~ml:~ay me)cva tot 'ca,cfeu phat,
sinh. "ieh thl1(u; cae than (190m m6'1 nay lat nh,o(d ';'" 1,:2cm)
rn~ nuoidU'p-ng. Vao -coe nOm sou, s6,1U'9ng
do k~6ngcon,dlY
than ngam m6iph6ttri~n
thanh than khi sinhgiam dCin'ccung
'~bi s"phy~ h61 kith thU'6"cc~a than ngam saJ .7.1 O"nom'phyc
hbl,
'IQi sinh'1(U'orig 6~ djnh-nhu- q ufng, igia~.T6t.
than-'nga~
d9 ph9ch6i'kfch
thac 'fling. do dot, bj thoai hoc nhl~u hon. . 6) 'vv mu9n(thang9).~a'-vy, vy sbm'(thang 'hang 6 den 'cu6i
cd th~',.phon:'bi;t
~hfnhFhang 7- 8). M6ngVIIchinn (55~75%) phbn Ian la;mOni
.6ng) ~oi'i t~ pnat Iri6n Ihanh thon khi iinh cootrongkhimOng-
vy sam va ...y miJ9n mQc roirac .. -'Flingltu:&ngciia lllcing: Khi mai xuat 'hI'"'; m~'r;g ~o;,g')
Lo 0 fllOg 1rU'ang ce9m frong>T5,. 20 ngay (2 ~4cni/2,4gia-),iau ',,' va IhU'ang bj itthui) (dl".. , "-'
;
\ . ~':!"J Q-
...'
'.. \:;I \. . '
"'-' \
.t_.- . d6 "hanh db" (10. 20cm/24gia) va 6n djnhtrong t~~i Oia~dai
"(55 -05 ngay), ~au cung 9 am di r~ fit. Nh" th,,~Ong -nhu-.tae
dOi ~hac, thai eian d~ m~n~ l~ 0 .sinh
trucnhift
,'10ai'Tr8,
'li'\farig hoan bl v~ kic.hthtrac
Do Iinh trU'angtheo 10 80. 100 ngay, ki6u hQp trye: c8ym, -,Gllta ,-- c6 c6p kinhlan sjnhmang ngbm (mtn) va mOngo tOng I~n tQi qua,,'h+ - GiO'atha~, "
va mang L~ 0 I~n tQI m6i qua" h, ch9t
c:h~ ,,~ krch thU'bc a diy me c6'dU'ang. kfrh Ian (7. 8cm) &" dl"h
tU'ang dU'ang, 116i IQi,cOY m,
,al
,c6 c6p kinh Mho (I . 2~rn)sa sinh mane co o~p -1dnhnho(2. 4cift)
16~ han c8y m9 ~hut h d. dong frong q!Ja tr\nh phve h~t , - " DM (em) = 0,2299 + 1,5513 DTN(cm)vOi 'r == O,~4,
. 25,8> la (***) trln.h =chQt cha v. ki,h thU'ac c6 ih~ bltu diG" bbng pt",aftg,
'hbi <4uituy'n tinh a-' than "g~m Ian (c6p Hnt, 4'~5cm) lU'ang(rn.g~.~
'than ngbm Rho (I - 2cm) vai mong Rho (2. 3c~) :vachuan ,tinc9Y : tr
. NhU''the,
,,'
mang 1,0'"(7.8), sinh ft (900-1 QOOmang! duang va t6t (lJ,-d~u phat ..,6, he) nhU'ng thU'ang chl,dQt , ' . S6JIl9'l1gvtikich thrzac mtJrtg: GiO'a kh6i 1"9"" vlJkkh
'On tQI m91 tU'ang quan nghlc.h tU'anotY' -nhO"a
thu'6c: m'an;
thanng~m: a rerngLO 0 .gicJ)1U'9n9mangxu6t hi," khoa.g
. 3500.4000 mal'lg I ha trong d6 1U'9'"9mane phat ti-i6n-thanh
th6nkhi
ha) nl-,"-19 mane c6 (,6p' kfnh
nhll cay m, (7.. 8cm). Trai IQi , a rOonGphvch~1
'U'anl
l\lqng' mong sinh ra kha coo vao nam th(r nh6t 15000,~d()'\O,
khi sinh nhung
tr;~n thanhthan
manS 'he)
c6 kich thU'ac kern (I -3cm). Vao cae nam'scui
taCmangnay
,6 1U'9"9 mane mane phat
tri~n Ihanh than khf sinh Siam d~n
(ung "tri s'l phyc:hbi dl2nc.ua kr<.I,IhU'c,cmane. Sou 7 - 8. Ram
tr61'\ge6 s6 IU'9ng mane 1400.
phye 'hbi, a rOOnglau khai
1600 mane I ha val c.6p ki"h bj"h qua" cua mang gbn tU'aog
dU'ang vO'i rl)"'9 (gia)
mane co (dO han (1800 -2000 mane!
c~p ~(n" 5 . 6cm do d6t bj thoai hoc nhi~u haft. «, , . . . . ' . MHnl lrlhui»:Kho6ng 40.75% Ib'1Q1U'9n9m~"9xu6t
bifndabJcthui) en't khi chitv coo ,hila d'"3acm. _$hao- 8;l (01'1a flIng sau raIl (7crn) s6,1U'91'19 -~~ H-... . '. . . ' '..,
"-:01
\
\ '-.'
l i'1("\
I
\
'. )!.
~~~ \hi.n' f",ng ".6ng "'ulb n)ngphvc h~1lau khat fh6c frtlng 7 iMam cho th~y mans vy U7'1'1va mllQn COIf I, Ihui \80.90%) _Jcao han nhieu so vbi mans vv cl1ln" (10. 20%~ MCfang"onl1 bi
ong
thui 100%. mOng cO 95% trong khi'tf ,+ nay it han among
.(35%). Nguyen nhan dan d~nh:,n
fU'9ng fhui,cua mOn9 10 do
~9ng v{JI rirng (heo rirng va CUI)15%, sou b,nh hoj (b~"h 'nom
"6ng va IOU dvc man;) 30% va coc .nguyen nhon ~h6e: !cQnh
tranh d,nh C"~f'g va khong Sic n song) 55%. Nh9,djnh chung v~ d{lc diem sinh mang cva to 0,1-.0 'kcf': tubi ' . - " 'Kha nO<)gsinh t'\lang mQnhm8 coo mang «6ng) l~ 0
chI trongmQt muo n1U'a16 d5 hogn b; v~ kith t~.U'ai:la diem
d~~is6c d~nden 11'0ngst.6t coo coa qu~n th6 nh\l sl phon tfch
~ phbn seu hQ" ch' co quaM h~ mQt ,'hi'.
cung cap ch6t dtnh dU'a-n" nuoi mOngo
'vi;t
- M6it"ang qua" nghith girta 56 'U'9';9.;6,klChthu-aemOlig
.
tho'th6y
kh6 nang xam chiem va ph...c hbi !6 hrqng mQnh .m8
tUa Lo 0 tr~ng d'~u kit" quong tr6ng, khonang nay glom cbn
va co thiq
trO"9 di~u kj~n byi pho'f trier) cay dQ~
(hiin iU'9ng ngirng sinh fa\Ian g) . c~n'Oi(chu y'u III mansc6ng) cva vy chrnh}neu d\l9c baa v;
. phot Iri~n thanh than,Jthr ,in; s&la ngubn bAsung quon tr9ng
tho v6n rling giup r(,"g phy, hOt va ph6t trl~n. rien binh thU'ong. ~6 1\19ng ~\li ra hoa dbng 1091 tren C;t'l'IIrch Ion. Soukhi ,h6t. 2) Hi~n tt'Qng ra hoa I Cqc quon sat thl/c ,~ cho th6y t~ 0
la IO'aj co d{u: d,tm ra hoo tung bvi, rai roc:,tlong fling hang
nam va freng vong ..0.50 n6m nay C"U'Oth6y c6 h'~n f\19ng ra
hoo va bhu',)
ro hoo, bui
La 0 mong hoo '.
,h~t, coc bIJi,Ian c~n "'hong '0 hoa \lib s:nh
ft a f!ing
mang va ph6'
gio «1%)
va nhl~u han a nine phyc hai (1-.5%) nh6t la a
rung ph...c he sou ray. &i;icbitt a cae khu VIICfling Lo 0 bl
C}9t do, 10m ray li&f1-fyc,IIi cae goc chi;lt cuo bvi La 0 Ihoy
vi sinh ra cae co.,h {tho mang 16 IQisin; ra 10- 15 canh nho
mon9 hoo (noo cch~.)). Sou khi r(l hoo, tae byi- m~nil 1,00 ~"Oi
,Clns at :-12- The nghi~m gieo hQt , ' momva . hinh thanb
thich hQ'p. < '" '" , ,. ' Cacket qua khan $a'fnay thuyet minht.hemkha hang xam'
chiem c60 Lo 0 d6i vai rlrng go bang con 'du.cmghD'utrnhtrong,
qua trinh Lb 0 hoa rO'",ggo nht! eta trinh bay a phCindien the:" ' " ,
ChU'ong 5:CAU TRueQUAN THe' , , loO ~ho th6y 100% hQ! lb ' 0 n~y
am:d9 cay can de dang khi co diituki';n ' , , f. KET,CAU Tuer: ' 'tU'gng, khl khoi thac: ~6i n , I) Xac dinh tu6ithan khl sinh LoO : Can, c(Jovaa mau s6e' chinh".$V phatttiin c~nh . CthU'ocodiay,' con. mo ncng. ' . thdm, loang lod6m Jr6ng xam 'CUQ .,' -, Tuoi 2 :Than mau xanh tham,' djan ylac dae gan g6c
(5. 10%) mang;'nhi~u can't, nhe, dQc than, khans c~nm. nang.
Tuoi;J! Than mau'~onh.
dig y (30.50%), va IV ph6t :triin tUg 'dig ylr~ntha-n
va II[ ton tQi cuo mo non" to co. ih~ xay dY'",rdU'.Q'c bang xac
khr~in~ Lo 0 thee kinh thai ben ngaai phyc vy
djrih tudithan
"
du~EI
ch9n
vi,c
tho
- Tuoi 1: Than" m'oUxonh 'lU'oi, phulap ph6n saptr6ng, -.Tu13i4va ,?-4: Than mau xamtr6ng do IV phat tnin khong con mo nong. day dQc eu,adio Y(~o. 130%), pl1QnVOlhanl9Jaco
tham ho{lc c:;huy~n sangvan~, , 2) Tu6i thanh thvc va mvc ho~a: " ma", xonh khong'con.mo' ncJOg~ ,',,' ' ' , dU'Q'csinh ch\J yeutlr than ngem cpymt; A" ' , - Tudi thanh thvc toi sinh cuo Lo 0 10 t.uOil': mane Lo 0'
I nOm tuOi.
- TuOi thanh thvc cons ngh,
cuo Lo 6 10 'ubi 3: Lo 0 tu6i
thlch hQ'p nhch cho vi~c che, bIen b9f ,gioy va cae (On,9
, - Tu6i, thQ cuo LoO tU'ang d6i ng6n : a to6i 5c6 hitn
khdc.. 3.4
4vng " " .( !..: "", " " 'co nhifng vet myc va Ian fato~n tU'Q'ngnga vans batdau
than
lam cho than khi $inh mv(;.va chet kho trongrO'ng vod lObi 6. tll~ cay thorih thvcc6ns- ngh~ C;i!>3 3JI(ETCAUTUOI:
(; (O'n910 6 «gia', -~~:3- ' tu~i) la 59,1% ,cao ban cay non (40,9%), so h,qng cay chel
mlJcb&ngho9c cao ban c:hutit so vai 1U'91".9mong 6iMhr-ohcmg
, r"am~Tr6iIQj~a rllng Lo6 «phvc:hOi»;If I~ c'oy'nonthU'angcoo
,han ,-ay.thonh thvc' cong ngh~ va tt I~ n'ay"'hoy aOi dCilri,sou
6. lnam phl"lC:hOi cQt den trQng thai can bang (non: 50%,
'tbonh thl"lc: 50%1. Neu khohg CObi~n phap tac; a90g; It I,no'y
tieptvc biiftn aOi 'theo hU'ang lOng don cay thanh Ihvi: $0
,.ij
vai c:ay nonnhU' a rOng LO 6 cgia»., NhU'the, rri9C du tuOi thQ ngon, flIng LO6 la m91 quan Ih~ tU)~t aoi thac fit! dvng; trang t(,ng bl"li va C6 quan Ih6. Moicap
khactuO.
lubi, giO' m9t vai
Iri~n cuo F\tng:
fro nhat ajnh trong II' phal
tubi I : sinh mOng; todi2 : gap phon nuoi than ngam ; tubi3, 4.
thonh thl"lC:cong ngh~ Ihich hgp cho khai
tu~i
5, 6 ; qua thanh thve; va co toe dvng hQn che "I sinh mODe do
, chung chiem khong giansong- co tren khong va aU'ai dare - (; fl1ngLO6 «giG) m91a9 quan th6 Lo,6 khoang 5000. 5500 c;ayI ho vai cap kinh binh qUaDOn ajnh 7. Bern.SIf phon
be so cay Iheo cap kfnh a day la phan bo cchuan) day phan
bo fhU'ang co 5 cap .kfnhva so cay t9P trung' chu yau a cap
krnh binh quan, cap kinh Iren va dU'aicap kinh binh qUaD.99C
aiimnay cho thay tinh On ajnh coo cuo quaDth~. - (; rl1ngLo6 «phl"le;hOi»sou khoi thcic;hang, m9t a9 rling II) KET CAU MA,T&9 vA. &lIONG KiNH I phyc hoi tOng nhonh IIi Dam th(r nhat (5060 cay/he) den nOm
do khong giol1 dinh oU'ang cen ,ho phep
th(r IU'(9240 cay/he)
va hang 'hOrn Il1ng aU'gc bo sung m91 IO'gng mOng dang k~.
Toc a9 phve; hOi aO'ang krnh trong gtOI doQn nay kha nhonh Iii
'I,Bem (nam Ih(r nhat) den 4,5cm (nam th(r tU'). TI1 Dam th(r nOm
nOm Ih(r bay (6800 co)/ho) m9t c9 giam
(8580 cay/ho) den
den vi hang 10QI cac co Ih~ cO'kfch IhO'ac nhe cuo cac Ihe
h~ abUlien bj Chefmye;dO'6ifan, sou do hep tve giam ch9m
den m9t d9 rl1ng Lo6 «gia) neu khOng co bi,n ph6p tac a9ng
Ihrch hgp. aU'ong krnh binh quan cue thon khf sinh tiep tvc tOng
loc a9 ch{1mhaD va aQIIQi Ir;
Irong giai doc;m nay nhO'ng vai
so-nhU' FlIng gia (7cm) sou 8. 10 nam phvc hoi. =-\1:4~ . . ' ,- , '.. . , . 4 -- -Oru-ngL~ 0, phVC:hoi theo'ray,: qua tririhphvchor~9 , . ' 49'vadU'ang
kfnh 'tU'ong tv nhU'sau khdi Jt\ac trang vart6c'49
phvc hoi dU'ang kinh chgm hart (1;4c'infnamthCrnhat 3,7cmlti~m
thCr'to" 4,8cMfntirri ther bay ..,) v~ cap kinh 6n djnh chr~9t
khoang5.6cm 'thap han rllng Lo0 cgich do'datbj
thoaihoa.
Trai' IQi,m~t dQ a ,tllhg'to 9'phIJC hoi sou: tOy cao hOri-$,ou
'khai that tiling 10- 20cy~~ dlh~mQt , 6 co 2 trQng thai ru-ngphvc hoi, sl{ ph6n ,b6 s6coy thee
vai~ day 'pho,n be$.6.7 ... ,. thai gi~n phvc hoi. ,'" , ." . I cap kfnh, 10 $'1 phonbo
bat ~~ixCrng
cap kfnh va, i~(,.h ve phie trai cho thay "jnh chat chU'a 6n djnh
nOm ph..., hoi, don don quan Ih~ s! co
cua quan Ihi. Sou 6.7
sl{ phon bo chuah 5 cap kinh 6n djnh nhlt riing,Lo agio: , Nh{Jndjnh chung ye ket cau m91d9 va dU'angkinh quan
thi La 6 cho: t.hoy ,q co 2 tr(lng thai n)n,g ~Q 6 cgia) Va phQC
hoi deu co mou thuon : ru-ng Lo 6 «g,O) co kith thU'accoy To
nhU'ng s~ 1U'C;mg,~an~ m6i sinh ,hang nOm kern do II{
(7.8enl)
eua cac coy qua thanh Ihvc, hi~n dl~n Irong quan
khongche
the.Trai IQ'irk~'ai,thac 'rang hoc;.c lam r.fJylhi'kfcn'thich
"$\1'sinh
'mang, nhU'ng Id-mgiarn n9hiem trQng kich IhU'ac than khi s'inh.
Gi,aj quyet
taU' hqp
Iy'ca VI! .0 hrgng Ion, kith thU'ac thong qua phU'ang thCrck~~i
cap thith CUG'San xu6t.
:thac hgp Iy la yev cau kh6ch qnanvc bang c6Ch tQo'ra m9t ket 'mau 1huonnay ". 11;-.1.K.~TCAU <:HIEU,CAO : nh6t -14,4m (8. 19m) trongkhl chieu caoL6. . , kinh va chi~u coo thankhi CiJng nhU' dU'tfng kinh, ru-ng Lo-o cgic) c6 chieu coo' Li'nh
quantan
0 a cae
trQns thai ru-ng phvc' hoj thap ban nhieu: Sou 7 nOm ph...c h~1
trang va 9,9m (5. 15m)
-chi dQt 12,6m (6.1 7m) sou khoi that
,
IOU ray.'
sinh Lo- 0 ton tQj
co thi dU'gc th~ hi~n bang; c'a~ Gillo 'd~n9
m9t
lU'ang quan
phU'ang Irinn hoiqui: chc;.1the
lH: (m) ; D :(cm)]. ' gig)" H1 = .,.. 0,2407 D2 + 4,9230 D -- 8,1213
vai, r ... 0,81, chuan tin c{tytr = 32,4>t3 (***) (ning Lb ~ 0 chulin tin c9Y tt ==33,82 > ta (..*) (phl,lchoi sau KTT) chuon tin c9Y tr = 38,S > ta ( ***) (phyc -hOi sou r.oy). .~t5-
H3!= - O,!900D2 + 3,6160D - 3,5800 voi
r. = 0;79 va
Hs = - 0,088402+ 2,15350 - 0,0723 vat r = 0,80 va
..
Cae dvang hoi qui trim eho thay : a cae cap dU'an~fkinh
cao ban, 'mCrctOng ve chieueao da it han YOa cung rriQ'c6p
dU'bng kinh, chl4~ucao cuo than khi sinh a rCrngLa 0 phy,
la, sou ray) thap haM so v6"irCrngLa 0 «gichdo dot
hai (nbat
dab; thoai' noo. , " . ' - Cae d9c d;ltm cua hi~n 1119ngsinh mOng th~ hl~n r5 a
,c6u true quan thlt r\Tng lam cho quan Ih~ rung La 0 co eau
true rieng khat hon voi r\Tnggo trong do c6 Ih~xem 10h'Q'ng
lubi 10 mQt cphon tlr
'diy voi dU'ang kinh rieng a mOi cap
triftn
trinh phat
r&ng e6 chCre nOng khae nhau d6i veri qua
c\la Jl)ng va qua trinh nay (co a IrCjlng thai FlIng cgia)
va
r\Tng hang nOm bang each
phye hoi) 10 qua trinh «doi mal)
rung
thay the (,ae phon IIi rung cgia eoj) bang coe; phon Iii
coon) Nh9n dlnh chung ve cau true q':Jan th~ cuo to 0 cho,Jh6y: - " r"ng Lb 0 cgia). qua Irinh dbi m6"ivbn duy tri t6u
true bn ~inh cua rCrng,frai
ICjli C rCrng phyc hOt quo tl inh dOi
m6'i diAn ,a theo xu hU'ong fang don kith thU'oe binh quan,
tang nhanh sou do glom dan m9t dQ, thuyltn t" sv U'uthe cua
cay fobi non sang coy thanh thyc, nghTa Ia tien don den trCjlng
thai 6n d;nh nhll r\TngLo 0 cgia). theo hinh IhCre«191xac» dan. , .. I. SINH KHOla I ) Tr9ng 11I9ngkho c6 th~ L~ 0: T'909 1119"0'e6 th~
to 0 bien ,hlen theo tubi Ian dU'ang kin" than khi sinh tl)
I,2kg Ilubi
I / cap kinh I den 22,5kg I tuoi 3 / cop kinh IX.
Theo lu6i, is c.ung m9t cop kinh, trqng 11I9n9thop nh6t a tu~i ,
tOng "hanh len tu6i2,
tang t.hl)m den tu6i 3 va bn dinh C
cae tu6i t.oo han con Iheo dU'ang kinh, a eung m9t tubi, 16c
d9 lOng tf9ng 11I9n9c6 fh~Cang nhanh khi dllcng kfnh congIon. Chtrang 61 SINH KH61 vA. NANG SUAT , ~".;.:16:r- R,bAnb6 Ii I~ eae.bQ'pJiQn t~~n~hisinh,(4Q77(}%kcQtih'(lo.~2j%)"I'a' ~>Th~,r!n9Am 0.0. 15%l,lrOl)g ,,($.9JhO!1 khfsioh va than '11)~o f;~6izcon 16"y?Jcanh It a lu6i ~"S'l
nhU' ~QUi , . ,;' ,,' ," .. .. . ,
.. - .. p. ' bienlhien
a cCl(; tuOi co.o han."
, ' ~~acl~.p~du.gc moi quan h~ btlng cae phuong . .' ': trone, ftQng' 't,u9Rg,~c~ th~
(,1Q...20,%).
'Ul~m it
I' V.{JI'Ihilh~ ,h(lO
" , ,.~a
.:9ui,:
'>.'; Jrlnl'Ln:oj
.'.
':0- glO'o frQI1Qthan ngam va IrQng lU'gnglhariktH sinlH
PTN (kg) == 0,1622 PTKS(kg) + 0,2186 voi r =0;96' va , c:liucmtinc~y'lr :=' 61,5 > t3(*.*)" , ';..,.gIO'O trQng 1U':qng vo klch ihU'oc than khi sinh: '0,2163 (D2H)Oi5424(em:!.n)) val 1'=0,,92 va , ,",83,63 > 13(*** ) PTKS(k'g')'
II'
linClr't (;chuan' '.,...giO'o IrQng lU'gng va kfr;;hlhU'oc thanngam: (D2l)O,4066(cm2.cm) voi r = 0;91 va , " ,.PTN
ehu.cmtin (g) = 112,66
cQY ,II' ==34,1 > 13 (***) , ' .' sinh kh6i qubn , ' ,'. ~--cRlt~g f6q~gi'cu'~6; 'lc5n~g sihh lh6i8i!04~6r1/ha,cQO 2} Sihhlht)j' qiLOo Ih~ Lo 6: Khi knaosat
th4Lo 0, de Hnh loan sir1h"kh6, kha Ihoctia
coc"than khh.inhcotu6i ;?6cm) frQngi,,~ng'k"'o
lam cd sa thO vi~c Hlntr'toan '5cml\J~,"g'khai' " . , ;?3,d
thac. 'fari/flo v6icanh.,14.~%#lo9,4!()/Jbqn chieq164,6%so ..." .,' ' 10 30,21'
"'" , qua Iho~trcmg, ;.~ S.,Q~~~i lrinh.phvchQikic;h;lhU'oc ~nh6r'ir<>n~.'~o~.tr9ng)~.6j"1 ~h~} khao salvI m9c d~m9(:'d9
'qu~,n0fh'~;"kh6rig coo (5'o'OO~'5590d1y /.ho)nhU'ng
kfch,:'thY~c
ca th~ coo' 10 do bu IQi.Th6il khl$IOh ICiphanquan'tr~n'g 'g~'61
(54,25 tan/ho)
ngem 11,2% trong do 'sinn kh6i khalhoc
chiem tl I~ dang k~ (55,8%) 50 Val sinh khoi than ~h(,~inh. '
, c~o qu~nlh~ too bikhoi,
~"i;
'~dn9 10Ru'o'JrjT\O'phVC hoj sinhkhoi
'sinh kh6i.q~an
:n'Om.IhU"nh6tl,O,59 tpn/hQ'den
do lOng chQroban ,do m9,t d9 9iom~an (71j50 t.6n/hp/nOm,thU'
nom,l9,37 t6nl ho I nom tr.U'lJay,., vo On,djnha Jrj ,~ 80~,.85
f~,nIh;;z x~p xill1ft9 Lo.0 :',IQng
Ihe Lo 0 long IIhqnh Ih8,O cae 110mphvc.:hoi tv
,sau n.am IhU't\J 62,83tori/ho ~1:7-- 0 . Idnh phvc hoi t6n9 sinh kh6i quCin the La 0 phyc
.h~i IOU ray IU'ang tl{ nhU' 0 sou khoi
thac Irang nhO'ng .t6c d{)
.ch{1m han \lai II i s6 6n djnh 65., 70 Ian / ho sou 7.01000(11 phvc
hbi. 11 I~ sinh kh6i kho thae trim 'Jnh kh6i
than khi sinh kem
vo chI sou 6 nOm (32,7%) mal co th6 dU'o r!)ng Ira IQi. khoi
'
thac dU'gc.
Nh{ln dint, chung ve d{Jc diem linh kh6i quan th6 La 0 tho thay :- So vai h~ linh thai rlrng mU'o nhi,t dai co t~nglinh sinh'khcSi they dOi theo nOm phyc hoi fir 46,8%I nOm:t11(,nhat
d6n63%1 nOmthCrboy treng do tir nOmther IV ha di m&, b6t
dCiuco cay du tleu chuan khoi
thac. Sinh kh6i kho thac tOng
15,79 tan / ho I nOm thIS nOm; 21,45
d.ltn.vao cae nOm sou:
ton1 he nOm Ihli boy ohU'ng van con, thap hc," nhiEh;lo\lai
rirng
L~ 0 cgill).
- Qua 0" kh6i {phon'lren dot} 290 tan / ha, sinh kh6i quan the La 0 kern
han ro r,t
sinh thoai hoa fIr
rirng go den Ilrng La O. .- Tuy nhien, do kha nang .inh mOng va ph"e hai mQnh mebbng con aU'ong VOlinn nen sou khi bj khol
thac trang,
,O'ng La 0 c6 th6 phvc hoi
IQi gia IIi linh k1l6; Hlang dU'cng
trU'ae khoi thee: sou 7.8 nOm, m91 d{lc diem dang quI ma
khang m{)1ki6u rling go noo co Ih6 co dU'9c. 0" - the hl~n qua trinh diAn the thli nOm phvc hai mol co Ih6 dU'a fll'ng Ira II. NANG ~UAT: taj nguyen Fling vi sinh khoi kho thee bj giom Ih9m chi mat
IQi
him va IOU 5.6
khai thee. !rong do than khl sinh (hH~m I ) 'Nang ~u6t sa c6p thu~n (PPN): NC'Jngsuet sa c6p thu~n
du-qc linh bClngeach do dem sinh kh6i mai sinh fa hang nam
(tubi I) <:9ngVal hrgng tOng them do.qua Ir1nh hoa go va phat
,. i6n canh, \0 a cae cay 1U6i16n hen cho Ihay II flIng La 0 «gia)
nOng SUal dQI t7,27lan/ha/nOm
~9,8% (10,22 lan/ha/nOm), 6 flIng phyc hoi sau khai tho.; ~la- , th6y, m{lc dusinh cling Lb a,thO'p K,et qua tren"cho kh6i tan I hoI nOm, Rozanov, trtlng n6ng su6t bien d9r:t9theo n6m phvc hbj, ,ongnhdnhJJi
10,59 tanI ho / n6m th" nhat den 33,02 t6n/ ho InOrntltJr,n:am
sou do giam dbn Va On dlnh a Irl s~ J!
.20 t6n I hd tn,om, tU'
nOm ther bay Ira di. SI! bien d9ngve nang suat a flIng lo:O
,ph~c hbi. sou ray JU'ong tl! nhU'sou khoi !hoc trelng v6i,gi,o'iJrj
h~ng nOm kernhon mQtit va Ondinh a tri s6 15.17 t6njhOjn6i:n
sou 7 - 10 n:~m ph",!;: hbj'
,
nhU'ng nong suat kha cooichi kern fling muo xich d6i (29::',3.2,
t6n I tla lnom), honbOn rung lim ban thay la( 1316n/ ~a I nOm),
rCrn9 f199P m~m (9 ton / tlo / nOm) va, tU'ong dU'ong voi cacki,~
khae (16.20
'ling tre true nhi~t doi
BoG va LM. Rozanovo, 1964). sinh kb6i tU'ong dU'ong ho{1e Ion hon chut , Lo 6 (~ia),
, "'° I nOm, 2) Suo tIch IOy va tieu giam sinh kh6i: Hang nOm, 'li rU1lg
lieu giam do coy ehet mvela 17,39lon/
It 10 va; 1U'9ng~jn~ liJy gon nhU' la khong co th9mc,hre6 ro va chiH disau ha loam) :tanl , " ~iO'alinh
tieugiomnay
lonsy-
, bqa). dU'9< tho hoQch vaslr-dVng hQnch' fa do ,do hi~u quatieh
th6 '0 co s6 am. Tr6i IQI,a fling Lo 6 «ph...e hoi), !oan q9
cuC! nOm phvc hoi deu lien dU'gctich 10y (10.11 tanl
, sinh kh6i
'&0/0011\) tang nhann 111nOm tn" haj den nom In" tU' (lQ-18
sou do giam fat nhanh va dl va~ the can bb"~
7 -10 "om phvchoi. Nell hrgng
i6't
thlse
lang phi lai' nguyen va tranh tho tv-ng qua 'tdnh «gl'6 Philn ba: UNG DQNG " . '--- ' , ChlJong 7: KHAI THAc yA NUQI DUONG .
I )'Khai- - . " :
ehi?I't6t co cay !rong bVi Lo 6 saudo theo 2 phU'ong Ih",
- Chi;it iding.. dU'STc'kliaitha~ I. HlfN TR~NG KHAJ THAcy A NUQI Dl1CNG RUNG
thac: Hi~n IQi ferng Lo 6 dang IY'~
~ay tudi 2, 3, 4 va d ;? 5cm d~ Slr dvng. PhU'ongthu-cnay co
I1U di~rn la ky thu9t don gian, son IO'9ngtyp frung, vyrrxy6-t -J9.... v9n ehuY6n dA dang nh"ng co khuy6t cfi~m la lam lang phi
toj nguyen rllng : gian cfoQn vi,e kinh doanh lien tye (5 nOm
thac!. giam Rang su6t ~inh hQc (tinh
m6'i cf"a rCrng Ira IQi khai
toan Iy thuyet san hrqng thu hoQch la 5,2 t6n I ha I nOm) cf6t
phoi trong de thoai hoa a vung d~i nvi. - CMU ch(;m tho (~an xual): Hinh thanh tv phat thac bat ky coy nao Irong bvi . nuoi truac khai Irong
eou liem
Ian xu6t 1111980 den nay bang each dung fVG va
theo y muon. 9~i
co thA khai
t"qng chQt la cay lubi 2, 3, " va d ;::..Sem, Ph"of1g ,hCrekho!
thac nay lien b9 ha,n khoi thae trang vi it lam thooi hoo rl1ng
10 v6'i khai thac tr6ng. Tuy nhien, do chi ehCracay tuOi I khon9
than ngam nen cap kinh binh qUO" quan th~ sou
dus(rc
chQI eh9n tho dIng bi giom I -3cm so vaj
thac: va
phai can 2-3 nam d~ phl,lc hoi IQi cap kinh On djnh. Cae linh
toan Iy thuyel cho they san hr9ng fnu hoQch khi ap dV!19
ph"ong th(re nay la 9,1 lan/ ho I nOm. II. KHAITHAcvA NUOI DUONGHQP l'( RUNGLO 6 : I ) Cae nguyen Iy sinh thai cuo ph"ong therc ky thuQtI
rllng Lo 6 nhu-
Can cli vao cac dQc di~m sinh thai hQceua
da phon tlc~, m9t ph"ong thlle khai that va ""oi duCtng hqp
Iy flrng Lo 0 phai" baa dom : flIng, mOng con bj thy hat bt'a bai 2) Nuoi dU'ang z chug co bi,n phap va qui dinh Cl.,!th~va
lam thY'c phdm
la mOng 6ng cua 'IV ehinh lam gian doQn kha nOng lai nuoi d"ang
nh6t
san xuat el)a tai nguyen Iling. - Duy tri d"9c CUG byi. '- Bae v~ cf"qe mOng «ong) cue 'IV chinh dA dam bilo loj Ian XUaftoi nguyen flIng. - Giai quyel mau thuan g;O'a so lU'qng '10 kkh Ih"oc
Ihan khi sinh, xay dvng mQt kef eau m{lt d9 va cfU'ong kinh
hqp Iy dA I{lndvng khOnggian dinh d"ang m9' coc.ht6i "II. - Xoy dvng mQt ket ,au luOi h9P Iy, hQn ch~ .,.i+c lanG
phi tal ngu) en do'"mvc hoc \la cae cay thu hO9Ch11'100 gic,
cfoQnt~t oh6t r.ho cae IcQi mye dkh Slr dyne kha nOng sinh mOng voi chat I"qng 16t !!!!!2~ :. ~am bao toembe}tan che t,oi
cua dot thi6u
di~u ki~n 'lung doi nui. trong hoa 'hQIi" <:,,~: sQ'.~tt1o:ai
. ~,." ,,' ,", So yoi yeu CgU,neutr',", " cac bi+n phap khai thac vanY9i
duan9jdang ap dvng cbu-aphu hqp n~n di~n ,rclotva c;hathrSmg
r\rngngay cang. co chieu hu-ang giam lut. , ','. ~.'~ . ,,'. 2) P~u-ang, thCrc k9 thu9t khai thee va nl19idu-ong hqp'li rtnglo 0:. ' : Phu-q~gthere kbai thee t phU'ang thCrc khai thcie ','hkh 3 tubi), luan ky khai thac 2 namisanlU'Qng kh<1i -Lo6 lach~t,chc;'"ti fir toPI'3 tU'Qng ch{lt la caccay thanh Ihvc cong ngh~, " "Vi~ekhaithae cay tuPi 3 tra len con co Y n9hTab60 tt;gp du-QCde xuat ap dvng doi vaifllng
chQnlam sinh) vai do.
rnH'h~t
tra len(.~
trO' IU'Qng~l1ng. PhU'ong there;nay baa dam lay. to
th6c'45.55%
.chlla IQi cay non
nhiing cay den tubi
I, 2) co nhi~m vv nu6i thon ngam '10 ~mh mane v6i :c;"a.!
(tupi
IO'9ng tal, boo dam duy tri cau Iruc hQp Iy va pn dj"h cu~ rllng
ta m9td9 khoong 6000 cay / ho, cap kfnh blnb quant-
Sem,
chi~u coo blnh quan 14-15m, 4 cap IUPitrong do 50% tubi I, ij
5o'%,tuPi 3, 4 va hang nOm rllng dO'Qc bb sung khoang 1500
than khi sinh mai co "hal
lU'gng lot. Tinh toon san lU'qng Ihu
thay blnh quan co th~ dQt 15,1 lanjha/nO!11;
hoQch fy thuyetcho ' ' . ' , - Nuoi dU'ong rvng: Trong dieu ki,n to chIle du-gc 'vi,e 'If
than kh+ d9 phi dOl v! ham lU'gng khoang, dQm, Ian kalio
sinh tuOi'3 Ira I~n fthan nhieu so v6i eay tubi 2.
" tat ca mOng ong cua vv ehfnh baa ,
>:~.chlla (nhU' !i)1~nphap k9 thv~1 nuoi'du-ong rung k.et, thae I tri~nlhanh . ". thu haimOng
ph6m), chi cho thu hai mOng VaG vv,15am
hgp t(m dvngthvc
lU'qng thu hai la'
(IKong 5, 6) va vv muQn (thang 9, 10) Val d6i
sinh twang"
mOng nanh, mOng cO va mOng ong IIf th,lJi hoge
~em. ruy~1 doi khong thuhai mang vao vv chinh (thang7, 8),
dam "moi g6e eay'm~:
than khf sinh Ngoai ro, co,"
(thang 9) d~ boo v~ mOng 'II day
too. hQi trong; co m9t mane tot phat
thong
dinh chi khoi
,~ thoi di€Jm mo mOng, mQCeao ngol ngheu de bj
qua tdoh khQi thac. -21-....- I. K~TLU~N: K:ET LU!N VA D~ XUAT thoat 2) La6 sinh trU'ang theo kiau hflJp trye (ct{lcbitt ca cuan;
than ngam dai). MOng Lo-osinh vao mua mila (thong 6 -9), co
tha phan bi~t 3 de;,", mOng (6ng, cu, nanh) va 3 vy mOng (lam,
chinh, muQn) trong da mOng 6ng tua vy chinh 10 II/c IIIq"g chu
yiSu bao dam tac sinh ,ling. Thai gian d~ mang sinh trllang d'"
fhU'ac 10 80- IDa ngay. S6 IU'tI'ng va kith fhU'ac
hoan bjkich
mtlng co quan h~ ch{lt the vai cay tudi
I trong sinhmOng va
cay tubi 2 trong cung CO? chat dinh dU'ong. Rling lo-o gla co
IlIqng mOns thonn than khi sinh thop nhllng -kfch thllac tah
'llang II! cay m~, trai IQi rl1ng phy, hoj ca 56 lU'qngmOng cao
nhllng kich thU'oc nho. Kich thub, nay ph",c hoi dan cho dAM
khi dQf d~n trQng thai dn dinh sou 7-10 nOm. , ) Rling La 6 la rling thCrsinh hinh thanh Iran khu v'lc
vung dbi, dot sau,
thuy, khi h9U bm, ph an mUG trong
di~u ki~n con ngU'ai lam vo Ian rling nguyen sinh. (rling lim
"'"0 mua hQ Soo, Dau) theo qua trinh diln the ch,ch hU'angJ
Lb 6 haa r\)ng go va khi da hinh thanh thi linh On dinh cua
qu~n th~ La 6 rat coo do kha nOng tai sinh vo tinb mQnh m!
lua loai nay.: 3) LO-oro hoa va chet rai rai t~ng bvl hang nOm.
4) Ket qua cuo d9C di~m sinh mung 10 fling ca egu true
fling Lo-ogia va rling rieng va co fhi phan bi~t 2 trQng thai:
Lo-oph",c hOj : ,6 1U'9ngcay themh thye Ian h()'ncay non Men khang che s6
11I9ngmonS mal sinh hcmg nOm. - RQ-ngLb-6 phvc hoi sau r6y ho(lc khai thee ,,6ng c6
"'9'"9 mOng sinh coo, kith thU'oc nhi>va co xu hU'ang phyc
hbi IQi trQng thai Co 2 trQng Ihai deu khang phai 10 c6u true hqp Iy.
S) Tubi thanh thyc tai sinh cua lo-a: tudi I, 'ubi thanh thyc cong "gh, : tUdi3, ludi fh9 : S. 6. rling La-0 gia sou 7. 10 nOm. ~22- 7) Cae phU'ong thCrek9 thu9t tac "dQng~i~n,tQt ehu:a phu
Ifj~n eua l(rng nen dang lam ' 6} M9C'du 10 tu-ng thl! sinh co sinh kh6f thap (BO-a51Ian/ha)
nhU'ng fu-ng Lo-aco nOne suat cao (17 -20 tan / he / nOm) do
kha none tai sinh m/;mh me bang can dil(sng vo tlnh. TL &~ XUAT: h9P vai qui Iv{it phat'sinh,
phat
I1ghi~mttQng chat hJ'gng r(rng. " 1) Can qui hoQeh lam ph9n ehuyen eanh 6n djnh rlrng
Lo-ephu hgp vai yeu eou sinh thai cua Lo-e (vung :doi, dol
I,?U, , ~hOng ~99P, vao mug mila). " 2) .Ap dvng phuong thCre ky IhU91 khai thae hgply . " 3) &~ gioi quyet loan b9 van de kinh' doanh hgp Iy f(rng .,'
lo-a, 10
3 tuOiL luan ky 2 nOm, son
ch{ll 'chQn cay tuOi3 Ira len ('~
luqng 45 -55% frO'lugng r(rng ket hgp veri thu hai mCing hgp
Iy boo v; m6ng ong cua vv chinh.
, ,
sinH thai
va lien IV' rCrf1g. can' tiep tve nghien eCru:
- Va khoa hQc : v9t rung vo ehu tdnh khoang Irong' h;
fling Lo-ed~ xce djnh kho nong kinh doanh lau dei " .; Ve"kinh te. k9 thu9t: IhV91. .' t9P frung 'nghien eCru qui hogeh
to ehCre quan Iy san xual, quan Iy, ky thu91, xay
16m'ph~n,
dlf~9 tieu eh~qn ogu)' en li~u phu hgp ¥ai phuong thCre khai
th4c Y~9to enlre nghien eCru thY'c nghi~m phuong thCre khai
tl1:6cdoehoon chinh qui trinhky c4e tAl utu CUATACGIA DA CONG86
.c6 LI~NQUANDEN LU~NAN trinh phvc h~i r\rng Ire l~-o IOU I- CHlu QUANGHI~N,1981
K't c6u qu~n th~ va qut
kha,i ~hQCtr6ng. Thong ,tin Kh'Jo hQc Ky thuOt
.6 .5 trang 1.5.21. Phon Vi~n lam Nghi,p
Thanh ph6 Ho CM Minh. / lam Nghi~p
phfa Nom ..eHAuQUANGHltN, 1992 (!lJu,true va 161i:nh r\rng Ire ~~_6a PhU'&clong 116nSJ").
161ftt6t boo cao Khoo hQc IQi H9i nghjKhea hQc K9thuO)
Ibn II.TrU'ang&Qih9CNong Nghifp IVThanh ph6 H~CMMinh 3. CHAU QUANG HI~N, 1983 Khoo ,at 10 bO d9C di~m sinh mOng c~a r\rng tre l~-o b
'h,,6'c long ISong 8e). Thong tin Khoo h9C Ky thu91 Lam
Nghiip .6 '13 trong 37.42. Phon Vi,n l~-'!LNghl,p phra
Nom Thanh ph6 H~ Chi Minh. 4. LAMXUANSANH va OHAUQUANG HI~N, 1984 Tr. L~-6. Nha JtU6fban NOng Nghifp - Ha "OJ 5 - CHJ.U QUANG HI~N, 1987 eXec minht6n Khoo h9C Tre l~_oa mi~n &onl Nom If.
'It&ng tin Khoa hQc Ky thu{lt Lam Nghi,p 5623 trang 5.9
PhQnVi'" lam Nghi,p phio Nil'" Thanh ph6 H~ CMMfnh. r-D~t~: ,'-'; ",; , , """", ' : . - ", ..,', '< I ":=~:.' : I.j':.~'
!
\-."" -- ' nY,
,--.-. 2.- ~{r~ duod I, cthuiJ .onrog kh6 coo. nhU'ng 56 'U'Qngmang
- Khoi Ihac Irang va lam ray lam gian doQn vi,e sll'.dvng
- Rling Lb.6 gia co m9t d9. kfch thU'ac ~n dinh, -nhU'"9
