QUY TAÉC YORK-ANTWERP
(Sydney, ngaøy 8-10-1994)
Nghò quyeát
Caùc ñaïi bieåu ñaïi dieän cho Hieäp hoäi Quoác gia veà luaät haøng haûi cuûa caùc
nöôùc ñöôïc neâu döôùi ñaây:
1-Ñaõ ghi nhôù vaø thoâng qua nhöõng söûa ñoåi vôùi quy taéc York-Antwerp,1974
2-Ñeà xuaát goïi baûn môùi laø quy taéc York-Antwerp,1994.
3-Ñeà nghò quy taéc York-Antwerp,1994 neân nhanh choùng ñöôïc aùp duïng
trong vieäc giaûi quyeát caùc khieáu naïi veà toån thaát chung, töø sau ngaøy 31/12/1994.
Rule of Interpretation
Quy taéc giaûi thích
In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to
the exclusion of any Law and Practice inconsistent therewith.
Caùc Quy taéc sau ñaây aùp duïng cho vieäc phaân boå toån thaát chung vaø loaïi tröø
moïi luaät hoaëc taäp quaùn maâu thuaãn vôùi caùc quy taéc naøy.
Except as provided by the Rule Paramount and the numbered Rules,
general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules.
Tröø tröôøng hôïp coù quy ñònh theo Quy taéc Paramount vaø caùc Quy taéc ñaùnh
soá, toån thaát chung seõ ñöôïc tính toaùn theo caùc Quy taéc ghi baèng chöõ caùi.
Rule Paramount
Quy taéc Paramount
In no case shall there be any allowance for sacrifice or expenditure
unless reasonably made or incurred.
Moïi hy sinh hoaëc chi phí seõ khoâng ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung trong
baát kyø tröôøng hôïp naøo tröø khi chuùng ñöôïc thöïc hieän hoaëc phaûi chòu moät caùch
hôïp lyù.
Rule A
Quy taéc A
There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary
sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the
common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved
in a common maritime adventure.
Coù moät haønh ñoäng toån thaát chung khi vaø chæ khi coù söï hy sinh hay chi phí
baát thöôøng ñöôïc thöïc hieän moät caùch coù coá yù vaø hôïp lyù vì söï an toaøn chung nhaèm
cöùu taøi saûn trong moät haønh trình chung treân bieån.
General average sacrifices and expenditures shall be borne by the
different contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided.
Caùc hy sinh vaø chi phí toån thaát chung seõ ñöôïc phaân boå cho caùc beân coù
quyeàn lôïi lieân quan döôùi ñaây.
Rule B
Quy taéc B
There is a common maritime adventure when one or more vessels are
towing or pushing another vessel or vessels, provided that they are all involved
in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation.
Moät haønh trình chung treân bieån toàn taïi khi moät hoaëc nhieàu taøu ñang keùo
hoaëc ñaåy moät hay nhieàu taøu khaùc, vôùi ñieàu kieän laø taát caû caùc taøu naøy ñeàu phaûi
tham gia vaøo caùc hoaït ñoäng thöông maïi chöù khoâng phaûi trong moät hoaït ñoäng cöùu
hoä.
When measures are taken to preserve the vessels and their cargoes, if
any, from a common peril, these Rules shall apply.
Khi caùc bieän phaùp ñöôïc tieán haønh ñeå cöùu caùc taøu vaø haøng hoaù treân taøu,
neáu coù, khoûi moät hieåm hoïa chung thì caùc Quy taéc naøy seõ ñöôïc aùp duïng.
A vessel is not in common peril with another vessel or vessels if by
simply disconnecting from the other vessel or vessels she is in safety; but if the
disconnection is itself a general average act the common maritime adventure
continues.
Moät taøu seõ khoâng ôû trong hieåm hoïa chung vôùi moät hoaëc caùc taøu khaùc neáu
chæ caàn taùch ra khoûi taøu hoaëc caùc taøu ñoù thì noù seõ ôû trong tình traïng an toaøn;
nhöng neáu baûn thaân vieäc taùch ra ñoù laø moät haønh ñoäng gaây toån thaát chung thì ruûi
ro haønh trình chung treân bieån vaãn tieáp tuïc toàn taïi.
Rule C
Quy taéc C
Only such losses, damages or expenses which are the direct consequence
of the general average act shall be allowed as general average.
Chæ nhöõng maát maùt, hö hoûng hoaëc chi phí laø haäu quaû tröïc tieáp cuûa haønh
ñoäng gaây toån thaát chung môùi ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung.
In no case shall there be any allowance in general average for losses,
damages or expenses incurred in respect of damage to the environment or in
consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the property
involved in the common maritime adventure.
Moïi maát maùt, hö hoûng hay chi phí lieân quan ñeán caùc thieät haïi ñoái vôùi moâi
tröôøng hoaëc laø haäu quaû cuûa söï ñeå thoaùt hoaëc thaûi caùc chaát gaây oâ nhieãm töø caùc
taøi saûn trong haønh trình chung treân bieån seõ khoâng ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát
chung trong baát kyø tröôøng hôïp naøo.
Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense
incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, and any
indirect loss whatsoever, shall not be admitted as general average.
Tieàn phaït do dôõ haøng chaäm, vieäc maát thò tröôøng vaø baát kyø toån thaát hay
thieät haïi phaûi chòu hoaëc phí toån naøo phaûi chi do chaäm treã, duø trong hay sau haønh
trình, vaø baát kyø moät thieät haïi giaùn tieáp naøo töø ñoù seõ khoâng ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát
chung.
Rule D
Quy taéc D
Rights to contribution in general average shall not be affected, though
the event which gave rise to the sacrifice or expenditure may have been due to
the fault of one of the parties to the adventure; but this shall not prejudice any
remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of
such fault.
Caùc quyeàn ñoái vôùi ñoùng goùp toån thaát chung seõ khoâng bò aûnh höôûng, duø
cho söï kieän daãn ñeán hy sinh hoaëc chi phí coù theå laø do loãi cuûa moät trong caùc beân
trong haønh trình chung treân bieån; nhöng ñieàu naøy khoâng laøm phöông haïi ñeán caùc
hình thöùc boài hoaøn hay baøo chöõa coù theå ñöôïc tieán haønh choáng laïi hoaëc ñoái vôùi
beân coù lieân quan ñeán loãi naøy.
Rule E
Quy taéc E
The onus of proof is upon the party claiming in general average to show
that the loss or expense claimed is properly allowable as general average.
Beân khieáu naïi trong toån thaát chung coù nghóa vuï chöùng minh raèng maát maùt
hoaëc chi phí maø mình khieáu naïi coù theå ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung.
All parties claiming in general average shall give notice in writing to the
average adjuster of the loss or expense in respect of which they claim
contribution within 12 months of the date of the termination of the common
maritime adventure.
Taát caû caùc beân coù khieáu naïi trong toån thaát chung phaûi göûi cho chuyeân vieân
phaân boå toån thaát chung thoâng baùo baèng vaên baûn veà maát maùt hoaëc chi phí lieân
quan ñeán khieáu naïi ñoùng goùp cuûa hoï trong voøng 12 thaùng keå töø ngaøy keát thuùc
haønh trình chung treân bieån.
Failing such notification, or if within 12 months of a request for the same
any of the parties shall fail to supply evidence in support of a notified claim, or
particulars of value in respect of a contributory interest, the average adjuster
shall be at liberty to estimate the extent of the allowance or the contributory
value on the basis of the information available to him, which estimate may be
challenged only on the ground that it is manifestly incorrect.
Neáu khoâng thoâng baùo, hoaëc neáu trong voøng 12 thaùng keå töø naøy coù moät yeâu
caàu töông töï khoâng beân naøo cung caáp baèng chöùng laøm caên cöù cho khieáu naïi ñaõ
thoâng baùo hoaëc chi tieát phaân boå veà giaù trò cuûa quyeàn lôïi ñöôïc ñoùng goùp, chuyeân
vieân phaân boå toån thaát chung seõ coù quyeàn öôùc tính phaïm vi toån thaát chung hay giaù
trò treân cô sôû caùc thoâng tin maø mình coù, döï tính naøy chæ coù theå bò khieáu naïi vì lyù
do öôùc tính naøy roõ raøng laø khoâng chính xaùc.
Rule F
Quy taéc F
Any additional expense incurred in place of another expense which
would have been allowable as general average shall be deemed to be general