Quy tắc York-Antwerp

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Nội dung Text: Quy tắc York-Antwerp

QUY TAÉC YORK-ANTWERP (Sydney, ngaøy 8-10-1994) Nghò quyeát Caùc ñaïi bieåu ñaïi dieän cho Hieäp hoäi Quoác gia veà luaät haøng haûi cuûa caùc nöôùc ñöôïc neâu döôùi ñaây: 1-Ñaõ ghi nhôù vaø thoâng qua nhöõng söûa ñoåi vôùi quy taéc York-Antwerp,1974 2-Ñeà xuaát goïi baûn môùi laø quy taéc York-Antwerp,1994. 3-Ñeà nghò quy taéc York-Antwerp,1994 neân nhanh choùng ñöôïc aùp duïng trong vieäc giaûi quyeát caùc khieáu naïi veà toån thaát chung, töø sau ngaøy 31/12/1994. Rule of Interpretation Quy taéc giaûi thích In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any Law and Practice inconsistent therewith. Caùc Quy taéc sau ñaây aùp duïng cho vieäc phaân boå toån thaát chung vaø loaïi tröø moïi luaät hoaëc taäp quaùn maâu thuaãn vôùi caùc quy taéc naøy. Except as provided by the Rule Paramount and the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules. Tröø tröôøng hôïp coù quy ñònh theo Quy taéc Paramount vaø caùc Quy taéc ñaùnh soá, toån thaát chung seõ ñöôïc tính toaùn theo caùc Quy taéc ghi baèng chöõ caùi. Rule Paramount Quy taéc Paramount In no case shall there be any allowance for sacrifice or expenditure unless reasonably made or incurred.
Moïi hy sinh hoaëc chi phí seõ khoâng ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung trong baát kyø tröôøng hôïp naøo tröø khi chuùng ñöôïc thöïc hieän hoaëc phaûi chòu moät caùch hôïp lyù. Rule A Quy taéc A There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure. Coù moät haønh ñoäng toån thaát chung khi vaø chæ khi coù söï hy sinh hay chi phí baát thöôøng ñöôïc thöïc hieän moät caùch coù coá yù vaø hôïp lyù vì söï an toaøn chung nhaèm cöùu taøi saûn trong moät haønh trình chung treân bieån. General average sacrifices and expenditures shall be borne by the different contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided. Caùc hy sinh vaø chi phí toån thaát chung seõ ñöôïc phaân boå cho caùc beân coù quyeàn lôïi lieân quan döôùi ñaây. Rule B Quy taéc B There is a common maritime adventure when one or more vessels are towing or pushing another vessel or vessels, provided that they are all involved in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation. Moät haønh trình chung treân bieån toàn taïi khi moät hoaëc nhieàu taøu ñang keùo hoaëc ñaåy moät hay nhieàu taøu khaùc, vôùi ñieàu kieän laø taát caû caùc taøu naøy ñeàu phaûi tham gia vaøo caùc hoaït ñoäng thöông maïi chöù khoâng phaûi trong moät hoaït ñoäng cöùu hoä.
When measures are taken to preserve the vessels and their cargoes, if any, from a common peril, these Rules shall apply. Khi caùc bieän phaùp ñöôïc tieán haønh ñeå cöùu caùc taøu vaø haøng hoaù treân taøu, neáu coù, khoûi moät hieåm hoïa chung thì caùc Quy taéc naøy seõ ñöôïc aùp duïng. A vessel is not in common peril with another vessel or vessels if by simply disconnecting from the other vessel or vessels she is in safety; but if the disconnection is itself a general average act the common maritime adventure continues. Moät taøu seõ khoâng ôû trong hieåm hoïa chung vôùi moät hoaëc caùc taøu khaùc neáu chæ caàn taùch ra khoûi taøu hoaëc caùc taøu ñoù thì noù seõ ôû trong tình traïng an toaøn; nhöng neáu baûn thaân vieäc taùch ra ñoù laø moät haønh ñoäng gaây toån thaát chung thì ruûi ro haønh trình chung treân bieån vaãn tieáp tuïc toàn taïi. Rule C Quy taéc C Only such losses, damages or expenses which are the direct consequence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average. Chæ nhöõng maát maùt, hö hoûng hoaëc chi phí laø haäu quaû tröïc tieáp cuûa haønh ñoäng gaây toån thaát chung môùi ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung. In no case shall there be any allowance in general average for losses, damages or expenses incurred in respect of damage to the environment or in consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the property involved in the common maritime adventure. Moïi maát maùt, hö hoûng hay chi phí lieân quan ñeán caùc thieät haïi ñoái vôùi moâi tröôøng hoaëc laø haäu quaû cuûa söï ñeå thoaùt hoaëc thaûi caùc chaát gaây oâ nhieãm töø caùc
taøi saûn trong haønh trình chung treân bieån seõ khoâng ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung trong baát kyø tröôøng hôïp naøo. Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, and any indirect loss whatsoever, shall not be admitted as general average. Tieàn phaït do dôõ haøng chaäm, vieäc maát thò tröôøng vaø baát kyø toån thaát hay thieät haïi phaûi chòu hoaëc phí toån naøo phaûi chi do chaäm treã, duø trong hay sau haønh trình, vaø baát kyø moät thieät haïi giaùn tieáp naøo töø ñoù seõ khoâng ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Rule D Quy taéc D Rights to contribution in general average shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the sacrifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the adventure; but this shall not prejudice any remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of such fault. Caùc quyeàn ñoái vôùi ñoùng goùp toån thaát chung seõ khoâng bò aûnh höôûng, duø cho söï kieän daãn ñeán hy sinh hoaëc chi phí coù theå laø do loãi cuûa moät trong caùc beân trong haønh trình chung treân bieån; nhöng ñieàu naøy khoâng laøm phöông haïi ñeán caùc hình thöùc boài hoaøn hay baøo chöõa coù theå ñöôïc tieán haønh choáng laïi hoaë c ñoái vôùi beân coù lieân quan ñeán loãi naøy. Rule E Quy taéc E The onus of proof is upon the party claiming in general average to show that the loss or expense claimed is properly allowable as general average.
Beân khieáu naïi trong toån thaát chung coù nghóa vuï chöùng minh raèng maát maùt hoaëc chi phí maø mình khieáu naïi coù theå ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung. All parties claiming in general average shall give notice in writing to the average adjuster of the loss or expense in respect of which they claim contribution within 12 months of the date of the termination of the common maritime adventure. Taát caû caùc beân coù khieáu naïi trong toån thaát chung phaûi göûi cho chuyeân vieân phaân boå toån thaát chung thoâng baùo baèng vaên baûn veà maát maùt hoaëc chi phí lieân quan ñeán khieáu naïi ñoùng goùp cuûa hoï trong voøng 12 thaùng keå töø ngaøy keát thuùc haønh trình chung treân bieån. Failing such notification, or if within 12 months of a request for the same any of the parties shall fail to supply evidence in support of a notified claim, or particulars of value in respect of a contributory interest, the average adjuster shall be at liberty to estimate the extent of the allowance or the contributory value on the basis of the information available to him, which estimate may be challenged only on the ground that it is manifestly incorrect. Neáu khoâng thoâng baùo, hoaëc neáu trong voøng 12 thaùng keå töø naøy coù moät yeâu caàu töông töï khoâng beân naøo cung caáp baèng chöùng laøm caên cöù cho khieáu naïi ñaõ thoâng baùo hoaëc chi tieát phaân boå veà giaù trò cuûa quyeàn lôïi ñöôïc ñoùng goùp, chuyeân vieân phaân boå toån thaát chung seõ coù quyeàn öôùc tính phaïm vi toån thaát chung hay giaù trò treân cô sôû caùc thoâng tin maø mình coù, döï tính naøy chæ coù theå bò khieáu naïi vì lyù do öôùc tính naøy roõ raøng laø khoâng chính xaùc. Rule F Quy taéc F Any additional expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowable as general average shall be deemed to be general
average and so allowed without regard to the saving, if any, to other interests, but only up to the amount of the general average expense avoided. Moïi chi phí boå sung ñeå traùnh moät chi phí khaùc ñaùng leõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung seõ ñöôïc coi laø toån thaát chung vaø seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän nhö vaäy maø khoâng phuï thuoäc vaøo vieäc cöùu caùc lôïi ích khaùc neáu coù, nhöng chi phí boå sung khoâng theå vöôït quaù trò giaù toån thaát chung traùnh ñöôïc. Rule G Quy taéc G General average shall be adjusted as regards both loss and contribution upon the basis of values at the time and place when and where the adventure ends. Toån thaát chung ñöôïc tính toaùn, lieân quan ñeán caû toån thaát vaø ñoùng goùp thoån thaát chung, döïa treân cô sôû caùc giaù trò vaøo thôøi ñieåm vaø taïi nôi haønh trình keát thuùc. This rule shall not affect the determination of the place at which the average statement is to be made up. Quy taéc naøy khoâng aûnh höôûng ñeán vieäc xaùc ñònh nôi laäp thoâng baùo veà toån thaát chung. When a ship is at any port or place in circumstances which would give rise to an allowance in general average under the provisions of Rules X and XI, and the cargo or part thereof is forwarded to destination by other means, rights and liabilities in general average shall, subject to cargo interests being notified if practicable, remain as nearly as possible the same as they would have been in the absence of such forwarding, as if the adventure had continued in the
original ship for so long as justifiable under the contract of affreightment and the applicable law. Tröôøng hôïp taïi caûng hoaëc moät nôi baát kyø, taøu ôû trong tình huoáng daãn ñeán vieäc thöøa nhaän toån thaát chung theo caùc quy ñònh taïi Quy taéc X vaø XI, vaø haøng hoùa hoaëc moät phaàn cuûa haøng hoaù ñöôïc chuyeån tôùi ñieåm ñeán baèng phöông tieän khaùc thì caùc quyeàn vaø traùch nhieäm trong toån thaát chung, theo caùc quyeàn lôïi veà haøng hoaù ñaõ ñöôïc thoâng baùo neáu coù theå thoâng baùo, seõ ñöôïc giöõ nguyeân ñeán möùc coù theå nhö trong tröôøng hôïp khoâng coù vieäc chuyeån tieáp treân vaø nhö theå vaãn tieáp tuïc nhö taøu ban ñaàu mieãn laø ñieàu naøy laø hôïp lyù theo hôïp ñoàng vaän chuyeån vaø theo luaät aùp duïng. The proportion attaching to cargo of the allowances made in general average by reason of applying the third paragraph of this Rule shall not exceed the cost which would have been borne by the owners of cargo if the cargo had been forwarded at their expense. Tyû leä haøng hoùa ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung khi aùp duïng ñoaïn 3 Quy taéc naøy seõ khoâng ñöôïc vöôït quaù chi phí maø chuû haøng ñaùng leõ ñaõ phaûi chòu neáu haøng hoaù ñöôïc chuyeån tieáp vôùi chi phí cuûa hoï. Rule I - Jettison of Cargo Quy taéc I. Vöùt boû haøng hoùa No jettison of cargo shall be made good as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognised custom of the trade. Vieäc vöùt boû haøng hoaù seõ khoâng ñöôïc coi laø toån thaát chung, tröø khi haøng hoaù ñoù ñöôïc chuyeân chôû phuø hôïp vôùi taäp quaùn thöông maïi ñöôïc thöøa nhaän. Rule II - Loss or Damage by Sacrifices for the Common Safety Quy taéc II. Toån thaát hoaëc thieät haïi töø vieäc hy sinh vì an toaøn chung
Loss of or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safety, and by water which goes down a ship's hatches opened or other opening made for the purpose of making a jettison for the common safety, shall be made good as general average. Maát maùt hoaëc hö hoûng ñoái vôùi haøng hoùa trong haønh trình chung treân bieån do hoaëc laø heä quaû cuûa söï hy sinh vì an toaøn chung, vaø do nöôùc traøn vaøo mieäng haàm taøu ñeå ngoû hoaëc vaøo choã môû khaùc ñöôïc thöïc hieän ñeå vöùt haøng xuoáng bieån vì an toaøn chung seõ ñöôïc coi laø toån thaát chung. Rule III - Extinguishing Fire on Shipboard Quy taéc III. Daäp taét ñaùm chaùy treân taøu Damage done to a ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or otherwise, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship, in extinguishing a fire on board the ship, shall be made good as general average, except that no compensation shall be made for damage by smoke however caused or by heat of the fire. Thieät haïi gaây ra cho taøu hoaëc haøng hoaù, hoaëc cho caû hai, bôûi nöôùc hoaëc phöông phaùp chöõa chaùy khaùc, keå caû thieät haïi do ñöa taøu vaøo caïn hoaëc phaù thuûng taøu ñang chaùy trong khi daäp taét ñaùm chaùy treân taøu seõ ñöôïc coi laø toån thaát chung, nhöng tröôøng hôïp hö haïi do khoùi hoaëc hôi noùng töø ñaùm chaùy seõ khoâng ñöôïc boài thöôøng. Rule IV - Cutting away Wreck Quy taéc IV. Caét boû phaàn hö haïi
Loss or damage sustained by cutting away wreck or parts of the ship which have previously been carried away or are effectively lost by accident shall not be made good as general average. Toån thaát hoaëc thieät haïi do caét boû phaàn hö haïi hay nhöõng boä phaän cuûa taøu ñaõ bò cuoán troâi tröôùc ñoù hoaëc bò maát thöïc söï do ngaãu nhieân seõ khoâng ñöôïc xem laø toån thaát chung. Rule V - Voluntary Stranding Quy taéc V. Coá yù vaøo caïn When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety, whether or not she might have been driven on shore, the consequent loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure shall be allowed in general average. Khi taøu coá yù vaøo caïn vì an toaøn chung, duø taøu coù theå ñaõ bò ñaåy daït vaøo caïn hay khoâng thì nhöõng toån thaát hoaëc thieät haïi ñoái vôùi taøi saûn trong moät haønh trình chung treân bieån seõ ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Rule VI - Salvage Remuneration Quy taéc VI. Traû coâng cöùu hoä (a) Expenditure incurred by the parties to the adventure in the nature of salvage, whether under contract or otherwise, shall be allowed in general average provided that the salvage operations were carried out for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in the common maritime adventure. (a) Chi phí cöùu hoä maø caùc beân trong haønh trình chung treân bieån phaûi gaùnh chòu, duø theo hôïp ñoàng hay khoâng, seõ ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung vôùi ñieàu kieän
caùc hoaït ñoäng cöùu hoä ñöôïc tieán haønh nhaèm cöùu taøi saûn trong haønh trình chung treân bieån khoûi hieåm hoïa. Expenditure allowed in general average shall include any salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment such as is referred to in Article 13 paragraph 1(b) of the International convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account. Chi phí ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung bao goàm tieàn coâng cöùu hoä coù tính ñeán kyõ naêng vaø caùc noã löïc cuûa nhöõng ngöôøi cöùu hoä trong vieäc ngaên chaën hoaëc, giaûm thieåu thieät haïi ñoái vôùi moâi tröôøng nhö ñöôïc neâu taïi Ñieàu 13 ñoaïn I(b) Coâng öôùc quoác teá veà Cöùu hoä 1989. (b) Special compensation payable to a salvor by the shipowner under Article 14 of the said Convention to the extent specified in paragraph 4 of that Article or under any other provision similar in substance shall not be allowed in general average. (b) Khoaûn tieàn coâng ñaëc bieät coù theå ñöôïc chuû taøu traû cho ngöôøi cöùu hoä theo Ñieàu 14 khoaûn 4 Coâng öôùc neâu treân hoaëc theo quy ñònh khaùc töông töï veà baûn chaát seõ khoâng ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Rule VII - Damage to Machinery and Boilers Quy taéc VII. Hö hoûng ñoái vôùi maùy moùc vaø caùc noài hôi Damage caused to any machinery and boilers of a ship which is ashore and in a position of peril, in endeavouring to refloat, shall be allowed in general average when shown to have arisen from an actual intention to float the ship for the common safety at the risk of such damage; but where a ship is afloat no loss
or damage caused by working propelling machinery and boilers shall in any circumstances be made good as general average. Hö hoûng gaây ra cho maùy moùc vaø caùc noài hôi cuûa taøu ñang maéc caïn hoaëc ñang trong tình traïng nguy hieåm trong khi coá gaéng laøm noåi taøu seõ ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung khi chöùng minh ñöôïc raèng söï vieäc ñoù laø coù chuû yù ñeå laøm noåi taøu vì an toaøn chung vôùi nguy cô coù theå coù hö haïi nhö vaäy; nhöng vôùi tröôøng hôïp taøu ñang noåi thì caùc toån thaát hoaëc hö hoûng do vieäc thuùc ñaåy maùy, noài hôi hoaït ñoäng seõ khoâng ñöôïc coi laø toån thaát chung trong moïi tröôøng hôïp. Rule VIII - Expenses lightening a Ship when Ashore, and Consequent Damage Quy taéc VIII. Caùc phí toån ñeå laøm nheï taøu khi bò maéc caïn vaø thieät haïi heä quaû When a ship is ashore and cargo and ship's fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act, the extra cost of lightening, lighter hire and reshipping (if incurred), and any loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure in consequence thereof, shall be admitted as general average. Khi taøu bò maéc caïn, haøng hoaù, nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ bò dôõ ra nhö laø moät haønh ñoäng toån thaát chung, chi phí phuï theâm ñeå laøm nheï taøu, thueâ xaø lan vaø chuyeån sang taøu khaùc (neáu coù), vaø taùi chuyeån leân taøu (neáu coù), vaø baát kyø maát maùt hay hö hoûng naøo ñoái vôùi taøi saûn trong haønh trình chung treân bieån laø haäu quaû cuûa vieäc naøy, seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung. Rule IX - Cargo, Ship's Materials and Stores used for Fuel Quy taéc IX. Haøng hoaù, caùc nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ cuûa taøu ñöôïc söû duïng thay cho nhieân lieäu
Cargo, ship's materials and stores, or any of them, necessarily used for fuel for the common safety at a time of peril shall be admitted as general average, but when such an allowance is made for the cost of ship's materials and stores the general average shall be credited with the estimated cost of the fuel which would otherwise have been consumed in prosecuting the intended voyage. Haøng hoaù, vaät lieäu cuûa taøu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ cuûa taøu, hoaëc moät trong soá ñoù, caàn thieát ñöôïc söû duïng laøm nhieân lieäu vì an toaøn chung vaøo thôøi ñieåm coù hieåm hoïa seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung, nhöng khi chi phí cho caùc vaät lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ cuûa taøu ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung thì toån thaát chung phaûi tröø ñi phaàn chi phí nhieân lieäu döï tính maø ñaùng leõ ñaõ phaûi tieâu thuï ñeå thöïc hieän haønh trình döï kieán. Rule X - Expenses of Port of Refuge, etc. Quy taéc X. Caùc chi phí taïi caûng laùnh naïn, v..v.. (a) When a ship shall have entered a port or place of refuge or shall have returned to her port or place of loading in consequence of accident, sacrifice or other extraordinary circumstances which render that necessary for the common safety, the expenses of entering such port or place shall be admitted as general average; and when she shall have sailed thence with her original cargo, or a part of it, the corresponding expenses of leaving such port or place of refuge consequent upon such entry or return shall likewise be admitted as general average. (a) Khi taøu phaûi gheù vaøo moät caûng hoaëc nôi laùnh naïn hoaëc phaûi quay trôû laïi caûng hoaëc nôi xeáp haøng do coù tai naïn, hy sinh hoaëc caùc hoaøn caûnh baát thöôøng khaùc, vaø vieäc naøy laø caàn thieát vì an toaøn chung, thì caùc chi phí vaøo caûng
hoaëc nôi ñoù seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung; vaø khi taøu tieáp tuïc haønh trình vôùi haøng hoaù ban ñaàu hoaëc vôùi moät phaàn haøng hoaù ñoù thì caùc chi phí töông öùng cho vieäc rôøi khoûi caûng hoaëc nôi laùnh naïn laø heä quaû cuûa vieäc gheù vaøo hoaëc quay trôû laïi ñoù seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung. When a ship is at any port or place of refuge and is necessarily removed to another port or place because repairs cannot be carried out in the first port or place, the provisions of this Rule shall be applied to the second port or place as if it were a port or place of refuge and the cost of such removal including temporary repairs and towage shall be admitted as general average. The provisions of Rule XI shall be applied to the prolongation of the voyage occasioned by such removal. Khi taøu taïi caûng hoaëc nôi laùnh naïn vaø caàn thieát phaûi ñöôïc di chuyeån sang moät caûng hoaëc nôi khaùc do vieäc söûa chöõa khoâng theå thöïc hieän ñöôïc taïi caûng hoaëc nôi laùnh naïn ñaàu tieân, thì nhöõng quy ñònh cuûa Quy taéc naøy seõ ñöôïc aùp duïng ñoái vôùi caûng hoaëc nôi thöù hai nhö theå ñoù laø caûng hoaëc nôi laùnh naïn vaø caùc chi phí cho vieäc di chuyeån naøy keå caû vieäc söûa chöõa taïm thôøi vaø lai daét seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung. Caùc quy ñònh cuûa Quy taéc XI seõ aùp duïng cho vieäc keùo daøi haønh trình do vieäc di chuyeån naøy gaây ra. (b) The cost of handling on board or discharging cargo, fuel or stores whether at a port or place of loading, call or refuge, shall be admitted as general average, when the handling or discharge was necessary for the common safety or to enable damage to the ship caused by sacrifice or accident to be repaired, if the repairs were necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage, except in cases where the damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary
circumstances connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage. (b) Chi phí cho vieäc xeáp haøng leân taøu hoaëc dôõ haøng, nhieân lieäu hoaëc caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ, duø taïi caûng hoaëc nôi xeáp haøng, gheù hoaëc laùnh naïn, seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung, khi vieäc xeáp hoaëc dôõ haøng laø caàn thieát vì an toaøn chung hoaëc ñeå söûa chöõa caùc hö hoûng ñoái vôùi taøu do hy sinh hoaëc tai naïn gaây ra, neáu vieäc söûa chöõa naøy laø caàn thieát ñeå tieáp tuïc haønh trình an toaøn, tröø caùc tröôøng hôïp hö hoûng ñoái vôùi taøu ñöôïc phaùt hieän ra taïi caûng hoaëc nôi xeáp haøng hoaëc gheù vaøo khoâng vì tai naïn hoaëc vì tình huoáng baát thöôøng khaùc lieân quan ñeán hö hoûng ñoù xaûy ra trong haønh trình. The cost of handling on board or discharging cargo, fuel or stores shall not be admissible as general average when incurred solely for the purpose of restowage due to shifting during the voyage, unless such restowage is necessary for the common safety. Chi phí xeáp haøng leân taøu hoaëc dôõ haøng, nhieân lieäu hoaëc caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ seõ khoâng ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung khi caùc chi phí naøy ñöôïc thöïc hieän chæ nhaèm muïc ñích taùi saép xeáp laïi haøng hoaù do bò xeâ dòch trong haønh trình, tröø khi söï taùi saép xeáp nhö vaäy laø caàn thieát vì an toaøn chung. (c) Whenever the cost of handling or discharging cargo, fuel or stores is admissible as general average, the costs of storage, including insurance if reasonably incurred, reloading and stowing of such cargo, fuel or stores shall likewise be admitted as general average. The provisions of Rule XI shall be applied to the extra period of detention occasioned by such reloading or restowing. (c) Khi caùc chi phí cho vieäc xeáp hoaëc dôõ haøng, chi phí cho nhieân lieäu hoaëc caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ coù theå ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung, caùc chi phí löu
kho, keå caû baûo hieåm neáu ñöôïc chi moät caùch hôïp lyù, chi phí taùi xeáp vaø saép xeáp caùc haøng hoaù, nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ ñoù seõ töông töï ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung. Caùc quy ñònh taïi Quy taéc XI seõ ñöôïc aùp duïng cho caùc khoaûng thôøi gian keùo daøi theâm do vieäc taùi xeáp hoaëc taùi saép xeáp naøy. But when the ship is condemned or does not proceed on her original voyage, storage expenses shall be admitted as general average only up to the date of the ship's condemnation or of the abandonment of the voyage or up to the date of completion of discharge of cargo if the condemnation or abandonment takes place before that date. Nhöng khi taøu bò loaïi thaûi hoaëc khoâng tieáp tuïc haønh trình ban ñaàu, caùc chi phí löu kho seõ chæ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung cho ñeán ngaøy taøu bò loaïi thaûi hoaëc khoâng tieáp tuïc haønh trình hoaëc ñeán ngaøy hoaøn thaønh vieäc dôõ haøng neáu vieäc loaïi thaûi hoaëc töø boû haønh trình xaûy ra tröôùc ngaøy ñoù. Rule XI - Wages and Maintenance of Crew and other expenses bearing up for and in a port of refuge, etc. Quy taéc XI. Löông vaø phuï caáp cuûa ñoaøn thuyû thuû vaø caùc chi phí khaùc do ñoåi höôùng taøu ñeå traùnh gioù vaø taïi caûng laùnh naïn, v..v.. (a) Wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew reasonably incurred and fuel and stores consumed during the prolongation of the voyage occasioned by a ship entering a port or place of refuge or returning to her port or place of loading shall be admitted as general average when the expenses of entering such port or place are allowable in general average in accordance with Rule X(a). (a) Löông vaø phuï caáp cuûa thuyeàn tröôûng, só quan vaø thuyû thuû ñoaøn vaø nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ tieâu thuï ñaõ chi moät caùch hôïp lyù trong thôøi
gian keùo daøi haønh trình do taøu phaûi vaøo caûng hoaëc nôi laùnh naïn hoaëc phaûi quay trôû laïi caûng hoaëc nôi xeáp haøng seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung khi caùc chi phí vaøo caûng hoaëc nôi ñoù coù theå ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung theo Quy taéc X(a). (b) When a ship shall have entered or been detained in any port or place in consequence of accident, sacrifice or other extraordinary circumstances which render that necessary for the common safety, or to enable damage to the ship caused by sacrifice or accident to be repaired, if the repairs were necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage, the wages and maintenance of the master, officers and crew reasonably incurred during the extra period of detention in such port or place until the ship shall or should have been ready to proceed upon her voyage, shall be admitted in general average. (b) Khi taøu ñaõ vaøo hoaëc bò giöõ laïi taïi moät caûng hoaëc moät nôi naøo ñoù do tai naïn, hy sinh hoaëc caùc tình huoáng baát thöôøng khaùc, vaø vieäc naøy laø caàn thieát vì an toaøn chung, hoaëc ñeå söûa chöõa hö hoûng ñoái vôùi taøu do hy sinh hoaëc tai naïn gaây ra, neáu vieäc söûa chöõa naøy laø caàn thieát ñeå tieáp tuïc haønh trình an toaøn, thì löông vaø phuï caáp cuûa thuyeàn tröôûng, só quan vaø thuyû thuû ñoaøn ñöôïc chi moät caùch hôïp lyù trong thôøi gian löu hoaëc bò giöõ taïi caûng hoaëc nôi ñoù cho ñeán khi taøu seõ hoaëc ñaùng leõ phaûi saün saøng ñeå tieáp tuïc haønh trình cuûa mình seõ ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Fuel and stores consumed during the extra period of detention shall be admitted as general average, except such fuel and stores as are consumed in effecting repairs not allowable in general average. Nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ tieâu thuï trong thôøi gian löu laïi hoaëc bò giöõ laïi naøy seõ töông töï ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung, tröø tröôøng hôïp nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ ñoù ñöôïc tieâu thuï ñeå thöïc hieän nhöõng söûa chöõa khoâng ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung.
Port charges incurred during the extra period of detention shall likewise be admitted as general average except such charges as are incurred solely by reason of repairs not allowable in general average. Caûng phí chi trong thôøi gian löu laïi hoaëc bò giöõ laïi naøy seõ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung, tröø tröôøng hôïp caùc chi phí ñoù phaûi chi ñeå thöïc hieän nhöõng söûa chöõa khoâng ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Provided that when damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary circumstance connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage, then the wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed and port charges incurred during the extra detention for repairs to damages so discovered shall not be admissible as general average, even if the repairs are necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage. Khi hö hoûng ñoái vôùi taøu ñöôïc phaùt hieän taïi caûng hoaëc nôi xeáp haøng hoaëc nôi gheù maø khoâng phaûi vì tai naïn hay tình huoáng baát thöôøng khaùc lieân quan ñeán hö hoûng ñoù xaûy ra trong haønh trình thì löông vaø phuï caáp cuûa thuyeàn tröôûng, só quan, thuyû thuû ñoaøn, nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ ñaõ tieâu thuï vaø caùc phí caûng ñaõ chi trong thôøi gian löu laïi ñeå söûa chöõa caùc hö hoûng ñöôïc phaùt hieän nhö vaäy seõ khoâng theå ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung, ngay caû khi caùc söûa chöõa ñoù laø caàn thieát cho vieäc tieáp tuïc haønh trình an toaøn. When the ship is condemned or does not proceed on her original voyage, the wages and maintenance of the master, officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed and port charges shall be admitted as general average only up to the date of the ship's condemnation or of the abandonment of the voyage or up to
the date of completion of discharge of cargo if the condemnation or abandonment takes place before that date. Khi taøu bò loaïi thaûi hoaëc khoâng tieáp tuïc haønh trình ban ñaàu, thì löông, phuï caáp cuûa thuyeàn tröôûng, só quan, thuyû thuû ñoaøn, nhieân lieäu, caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ ñaõ tieâu thuï vaø caûng phí seõ chæ ñöôïc thöøa nhaän laø toån thaát chung ñeán ngaøy loaïi thaûi taøu hoaëc töø boû haønh trình hoaëc ñeán ngaøy hoaøn thaønh vieäc dôõ haøng neáu vieäc loaïi thaûi hoaëc töø boû xaûy ra tröôùc ngaøy ñoù. (c) For the purpose of this and the other Rules wages shall include all payments made to or for the benefit of the master, officers and crew whether such payments be imposed by law upon the shipowners or be made under the terms of articles of employment. (c) Theo Quy taéc naøy vaø caùc Quy taéc khaùc, löông seõ bao goàm taát caû caùc khoaûn traû cho hoaëc traû vì lôïi ích cuûa thuyeàn tröôûng, só quan vaø thuyû thuû ñoaøn duø caùc khoûan tieàn ñoù laø baét buoäc theo luaät ñoái vôùi chuû taøu hay ñöôïc thöïc hieän theo caùc ñieàu khoaûn cuûa hôïp ñoàng lao ñoäng. (d) The cost of measures undertaken to prevent or minimise damage to the environment shall be allowed in general average when incurred in any or all of the following circumstances: (d) Chi phí cho caùc bieän phaùp tieán haønh ñeå ngaên ngöøa hoaëc giaûm thieåu caùc thieät haïi ñoái vôùi moâi tröôøng seõ ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung neáu chi phí ñoù ñöôïc thöïc hieän trong moät hoaëc taát caû caùc tình huoáng sau ñaây: (i) as part of an operation performed for the common safety which, had it been undertaken by a party outside the common maritime adventure, would have entitled such party to a salvage reward;
(i) Nhö moät phaàn cuûa moät hoaït ñoäng ñöôïc thöïc hieän vì an toaøn chung laø hoaït ñoäng maø neáu ñöôïc thöïc hieän bôûi moät beân thöù ba khoâng thuoäc haønh trình chung treân bieån thì beân ñoù seõ coù quyeàn ñöôïc höôûng tieàn cöùu hoä; (ii) as a condition of entry into or departure from any port or place in the circumstances prescribed in Rule X(a); (ii) Nhö moät ñieàu kieän ñeå vaøo hoaëc rôøi caûng hoaëc nôi khaùc trong caùc tình huoáng quy ñònh taïi Quy taéc X(a); (iii) as a condition of remaining at any port or place in the circumstances prescribed in Rule X(a), provided that when there is an actual escape or release of pollutant substances the cost of any additional measures requyred on that account to prevent or minimise pollution or environmental damage shall not be allowed as general average; (iii) Nhö moät ñieàu kieän ñeå löu laïi moät caûng hoaëc nôi khaùc trong caùc tình huoáng quy ñònh taïi Quy taéc X(a) vôùi ñieàu kieän laø khi coù söï ñeå thoaùt ra hoaëc thaûi ra caùc chaát gaây oâ nhieãm thì chi phí cho caùc bieän phaùp boå sung caàn thieát ñeå ngaên chaën hoaëc giaûm thieåu oâ nhieãm hoaëc thieät haïi ñoái vôùi moâi tröôøng seõ khoâng ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. (iv) necessarily in connection with the discharging, storing or reloading of cargo whenever the cost of those operations is admissible as general average. (iv) Laø caàn thieát cho vieäc dôõ, löu kho hoaëc taùi xeáp haøng hoaù khi chi phí cho caùc hoaït ñoäng naøy coù theå ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Rule XII - Damage to Cargo in Discharging, etc. Quy taéc XII. Hö haïi ñoái vôùi haøng hoaù khi dôõ haøng, v..v.. Damage to or loss of cargo, fuel or stores sustained in consequence of their handling, discharging, storing, reloading and stowing shall be made good
as general average, when and only when the cost of those measures respectively is admitted as general average. Hö hoûng hoaëc maát maùt ñoái vôùi haøng hoùa, nhieân lieäu vaø caùc vaät phaåm döï tröõ do vieäc xeáp , dôõ, löu kho, taùi xeáp vaø saép xeáp seõ ñöôïc coi nhö toån thaát chung khi vaø chæ khi chi phí cho caùc bieän phaùp naøy ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung. Rule XIII - Deduction from Cost of Repairs Quy taéc XIII. Khaáu tröø chi phí söûa chöõa Repairs to be allowed in general average shall not be subject to deductions in respect of "new or old" where old material or parts are replaced by new unless the ship is over fifteen years old in which case there shall be a deduction of one third. The deductions shall be regulated by the age of the ship from the 31st December of the year of completion of the construction to the date of the general average act, except for insulation, life and similar boats, communications and navigational apparatus and equypment, machinery and boilers for which the deductions shall be regulated by the age of the particular parts to which they apply. Nhöõng söûa chöõa ñöôïc tính vaøo toån thaát chung seõ khoâng bò khaáu tröø "môùi thay cuõ" khi vaät lieäu cuõ hoaëc boä phaän ñöôïc thay môùi tröø khi taøu ñaõ treân 15 tuoåi, tröôøng hôïp naøy seõ khaáu tröø 1/3. Vieäc khaáu tröø phaûi caên cöù vaøo tuoåi cuûa taøu, tính töø 31 thaùng 12 cuûa naêm hoaøn thaønh vieäc ñoùng taøu ñoù cho ñeán ngaøy coù haønh ñoäng toån thaát chung, tröø ñoà caùch ñieän, thuyeàn cöùu sinh hoaëc phuông tieän cöùu sinh töông töï, thieát bò hoa tieâu vaø lieân laïc, maùy moùc vaø noài hôi ñöôïc khaáu tröø theo tuoåi cuûa caùc thieát bò naøy. The deductions shall be made only from the cost of the new material or parts when finished and ready to be installed in the ship.