«HE BO N6NG NGHlfiP & PH.4T TRiftN NONG THON
-I
•RiNH KHCN C.4P NHA NlJ'OC KC.O7.'06~10.
2011
BQ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH? BO NONG NGHIEP &PHAT TRIEN NONG THON
SAN P H AM K H OA H OC VA CONG NGHE DE TAI
NGHIEN c t ru CONG NGHE, HE THONG THIET BI DONG BO NUOI CAC
DOI TLTtJfNG THUY SAN CO GIA TRI KINH TE CAO
(NU'6C NGOT, LO, MAN)
CHl/ONG TRINH KHCN CAP NHA NlTdC KC.07/06-10
Co quan chii tri de tii: Vien Nghien ciru nuoi trong thuy sin III
Chi nhiem de tii: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thi Xuan Thu
(Tip II)
MA SO DE TAI: KC.07.15/06-I0
%^(J-Z
Nha Trang - 2011
1. Danh muc thiet bi dong bo cho he thong nuoi cong nghiep ca tam
2. Danh myc thiet bi dong bo cho he thong nu8i cong nghiep ci hoi
3. Danh muc thiet bi dong bo cho he thong nuoi cong nghiep bao ngir
4. Nghien cihi thiet ke he thong di chuyen long nuoi bio ngu-
5. Nghien cihi thiet ke he thong tich protein trong he thong nudi tuan hoan
6. NghiOn ciu thiet kl he thong cung cap o xy cho he thong nuoi cong nghiep
7. NghiOn eiru thiit kl cic loai long nuoi bio ngir
8. Nghien ciu thiet ke cic loai bl nuoi va he thong cong thoit nu'dc cho nuoi
ci hoi tuan hoan
9 Nghien ciu thiet ke va thuyit minh he thing nudi va cic thiet bi dung cu
nuOi bio ngir
10. Thiit kl hO thing tich chat thai rin vi Igc sinh hoc trong hO thing nuSi
11. Thiet ke he thong cung cap, Igc va xii ly nirdc nuoi ci tam ci hoi
12. Nghien eiru benh ci hoi ci tam
13. Xiy dyng mo hinh nuoi ci hoi vin cong nghiSp
14. Xiy dung mo hinh nuoi ci tam cong nghiep
15. Xay dyng md hinh nuoi bao ngur cong nghiep
16. Nghien cihi moi trudng nuoi tuan hoin ca hoi, ci tam va bao ngu'.
BO N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N6NG TH6N
VI^N N G H I IN CirU lSU6l T R 6 NG THUY S AN m
BAO CAO CHUYEN DE
Danh miic thiit bj ddng b6 cho hf thdng nudi cdng nghiSp cd tim
Ngiini thyc hi$n: TS. Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu
Theo hgp ding 96: 02/2008/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-10 Ngiy 1/07/2008
THUQCBATAI
NghiSn eiucdng nghg, hO thing thiit bf ding b$ nudi cic dii tirgng thuy sin eo gii tri kinh tl cao(nii6« nggt, Ig min)
M A S O: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Trang, 10/2008
1. Cau tHic he th6ng nudi tuan hoan (chu trinh kin) Cdc hgng myc chu y^u trong h$ thong nuoi ca tuln hdan g6m;
(1) Be nuoi ca (2) Ba tach IQC va chCra chdt th^i (3) Be Ipc sinh hoc (4) H§ th6ng tich CO2, cap oxy (5) May bom c^ mi6c tuSn hoan. (6) Cdc thi^ bi khac nhu: h| th6ng nSng nhi$t, h$ th6ng \hm mat, h$ th6ng khi> trilng bdng tia c^c tim ho$c dzdn, h$ di6ng chi^u sdng, thiet bj tg dong kiem tra ch^t lugng nude v,v.,. Nhflng thi^ bj ndy co hay khdng sS phu thu^c vdo yeu ciu cu thi ciia nhiem v\i sdn xuh d$t ra. ThA t\r b6 tri cdc h^ng myc c6 thi duac sSp xip theo sa d6 sau: So d6 1: H^.thong irong cd gi^ng (tCr 5-30cm): Nguon nu6c dd duoc xur If phu hpp nhu ciu mdi tru6hg nudi cd dugc c^ tir be chdra chdy ty dOng vdo h| thong bl nudi cd. Bl uong cd giing vd nudi giai doan I c6 thi tfch ttr 3-10 m^^l (tiiy cdng sudt thiit kl) dugc Idp d$t trong nhd de 6n nhi$t, van thdo nude d$t 6 ddy bl dugc ndi vdo h$ thing ong tlidat nude vd dan din be Igc ca hgc. Nude sau khi Igc tdch cdc ch4t thdi rdn dugc chuyin qua bl Igc sinh hgc. Mdy bom dirge sdr dyng dl bom nude tir be Igc sinh hgc qua mdy xii^ ly UV/ozone vd binh Igc than hgat tfnh, binh tdch CO2 r6i din bl chii-a dl tiip tyc chu tiinh kfn. Sa dl 2: H$ thing nudi cd thuong pham (tCr 30 cm-thuong p h ^ ): Ngudn nirdc da dugc xit If phii hgp nhu cdu mdi trudng nudi cd dugc cap tur be ch^a chdy ty d$ng vdo h^ thing bl nudi cd . Bl nudi xdy bdng xi mang cd dudng kfnh 10 m, cao 1,3 m, xay chim dudi dit 1 m. Ddy bl Idp he thing thdat nude thdng ra bl Igc ca hgc (tring Igc) de tdch ch^ thai rhn, sau dd nude chdy ra ao x& 1^ sinh hgc. Ao cd dien tfch 1000 m^ dugc diing 1dm ao chijra, ldng vd lam s^h bang phuong phdp sinh hgc (trong rau thiiy canh tr€n bl m$t); mgt gdc ao cd hgc Igc ca hgc ldn va nude dugc bom tic hoc Igc len bl Igc sinh hgc, tdi bl khO* CO2, dp O2 rdi tdi bl chii-a dl tiip tyc chu trinh kin.
So dd 1: HO thing ucmg
2. Bi Igc sinh hgc 4. Miy bom 6. Binh tich CO2; binh cip O2 8. Dudng ing thdat nude 1. Bilge CO hgc 3. miy UV/ozone 5. Bichia 7. Biuong 9. Duing ing cip nude
So do 2: HO thing nudi thugng pham
chtra
Be tich CO;
IQC, Bon
Trdng l9c
Ao x£r ly sinh hgc
2. Danh myc cic thilt bj ding bO cho hf thing uong vi nuSI ci tUm trong chu trinh kin.
Tdn hang myc Ghi chi fi|c tinh
si t hi
Si lugng
1 Nhi xirdng Didn tich de be nudi ci 1
2 3 4 5 40x10 hay 20x20 m 10x10= 100 m'' 5 X 10 m-' 8-12 m'' 20 m-' 1 1 1 1
6 DiOn tich bd igc sinh hgc Dt dit may lim dxy Phdng di may ozone Phdng lam vigc/quin 11 Bi cic loai Bi uong ci bing composite Tiy chgn 10
7 Bi nudi thuong pham bing XM Tuy chgn 4-8 8 1 Giing khoan V=3-10m^sau 1-1,2 m V= 30 m', siu 1,5-1,6 m Luu iugng 30
9 10 11 12 Bi nude giing sach + syc Idii Bi cip nude Bichia chit thii ran Bilge CO hgc 13 m-*/ngiy 50 m' 50 m' 10 m' Theo kidi fliudc tring Igc 100 m'
14 15 16 3-5m'/gi& 4-5atm 180-360m'/gid
17 Bi Igc sinh hgc Miy bom cic lo«i IVIiy bom hit nude giing Miy bom n^ cho Igc co hgc Miy bom cho bi Igc sinh hgc Thiit hi di kem Miy sin xuit dxy May n^n khi
Miy lanh Binh chia khdng khi khd
Binh Igc than BO hip phy Nito
101x71x120 era, 320 kg 49x46x83 cm, 46 kg 60x60x201 cm, 140 kg 50x50x140 cm, 50 kg 90x75x225 cm, 370 kg 60x60x201cm, 140kg 15 m'/gid 10 18 19 20 Cic loai
21 22 23 Tu^ chgn Tu^ chgn Tuy chgn
24 25
26 27
10 2 10
3-5 Binh chia dxy Binh tam giic trOn c^y Bg khuyich tin dxy Van vdi vi ing din khi Thiit bj kbit trine Miy lim ozone HO d6n tia cyc tim Binh Igc hda hgc Thiit bi kiim tra mdi trvdng Miy do d-xy Miy do cic yiu ti NHs, NO3, CO2, H2S Thiit hi Mim tra sinh tnnVng Cin diOn ti Thudc do Thiit bi cho in tv dOng Bg dieu khiin Pheu/thung dyng thuc in vi motor HO thing ing cap vi thoat nvdc HO thing cung cip khi Miy thii khi Tiy cdng suit miy
Miy phit difn dv phdng Miy phit diOn JAMAHA 120KVA 1
Cdc thilt bi ddng b$ cua h@ thdng nudi cdng nghiep ca hdi dugc md td nhu sau: l.H$ thdng bl BI ucmg cd gidng: Be composite thi tfch 3 m', dudng kfnh 1,8 m, cao 1,2 m. So lugng: 10 bl 2.1.1. BI nudi cd thuong phSm (giai dgan tOr 20 cm din thu hgach) Thi tich bl: 100 m^ sd lugng: 4 bl 2. H$ thdng xiir 1^ nude tuan hdan.
He thdng x^ I;;^ nude vd Igc tahn hdan dugc thiet ke gdm Ing dan nude thdi tu bl nudi -> bl Igc eo hgc dl tdch chat thdi rdn -> be Igc sinh hgc -> hS thdng ea^ O2 vd khd- CO2 -> UV/ozone khfr triing -> binh Igc hda hgc -> bl ch&a -> bl nudi. - BI Igc ca hgc: cd didn tich Ige phii hgp vdi lugng nude thay ddi hdng ngdy dl ddm bdo Ige va tach cdc ch^t thdi rdn (cd the thiet kl trdng Igc niu cd dd kinh phf). Dung tich be Igc ca hgc ddm bdo hi$u sudt Igc 50% lugng chit rdn thdi trong ngdy. BI ch^a chdt thdi rdn dl xdr 1^ ed dung tfch 10 m^. - BI Igc sinh hgc (khCr NH3): xay be xi mdng hinh chi^ nh^t cd dung tich khdang 100 m^, cd vdch ngan theo dang so le dl ddng nude <:hrgc chuyin dOng dl tang khd ndng phdn huy cua vi sinh vdt, trong bl ehu'a ede t^ nhya, ludi ni Ion, dd ddm dl tao ca ch^t cho vi khuin bam vd phdt-trien. - Thilt bj kh& CO2: BI composite thi tfch nhd 3m^ chiia cdc hat nhya vd hat xdp, nude chdy dgc ede dng, dung may thdi khf thdi bgt khf vdo bl khd dl tdch CO2 ra khdi dung djdi nude vd thdat ra theo d^g khi. - BI chura: dung tfch bl tdng c^ng khdang SO m dl ddm bdo cung c^p dd nude cho h€ thdng nudi v^ luu lugng khdang 300 mVgid - Thilt bi khii triing: sdr dyng mdy dzone ho§c den cue tfm dl xur ly, dif t trung, cong suit thilt ke phii hgp lugng nude xOr I^ (ngudi cung dp s€ tfnh tdan cdng suit tiieo ySu dtu d^ hdng) - Thiet bj cung cap d-xy: mdy sdn xuat d-xy Gazcon ciia Dan mach ed luu lugng khf 7,8 m% 3. Thiet b} cho dn ty dgng
Thilt bi Id h$ thdng gdm phlu dyng thite dn cd khe hep d p h^ ddy liSn hgp vdi h$ thdng ddng md. H6 thong ddng md vdn hdnh bdng nilo quay. Si> dyng motor dl quay tryc vft nhdm myc dfch khdng phy thu$c vdo ngudn dien (khi mdt ngudn difn h$ thdng vSn hgat dOng dugc). B6 diiu khiin ehung dugc l|p trinh sSn khdi lugng thiic dn vd thdi gian cho an va cd thi thay ddi cdc thdng sd trong qud trinh nudi. 4. H| thong cap, thdat nude 4.1. H$ thdng dng thdat nude: gdm dng thdat nude vd he thdng muong thu gom nude thdi dua vl bl Ige vd ao ling dl xvc ly. 4.2. H@ thing dng cap nude: gdm dng din nude, hS thdng van diiu chinh luu lugng nude. (xem sa dd bd trf hg thdng)
4.3. Mdy bam: diing 1 mdy bam hdt nude giing, 1 mdy bam n6n eho Ige co hgc vd 1 mdy bam cho bl Ige sinh hgc 4.4. Mdy phdt dign dy phong: mdy cd cdng suit ldn dd cho chay cdc thilt bi diing di|n khi bi mdt di|n ludi 5. H| thdng cung cdp khf
5.1. Mdy sdn xudt d-xy: d-jQ' nguydn ehdt dugc sdn xudt vd ndn vdo ede binh nen nhd, mdi binh ed h$ thdng van ddng hd 6e diiu chfnh lugng O2 cung cdp vdo bl nudi. Hdm lugng d-xy bdo hda trong nude khi cung cdp O2 nguySn ehdt tinh theo cdng tii^ cda Timmons, 2001 Id 36,6 mg/1. 5.2. Hf tiidng dng d§n khf: ^m dng diin chfnh vd cdc dng nhd ndi v^ dd bgt d gif^ ddy be nudi. 5.3. Dd bgt: dl O2 hda tan tdt trong nude, dd bgt cd d ^g dng dai 40em, min, dugc d$t dudi ddy bl nudi. 6. H| thdng kiim sdat mdi tnrovg vd khong chd nhift dd
6.1. Mdy do pH 6.2. Mdy do O2 6.3. Mdy do ede yiu td gdm DO, COD, CO2, NH3, NO2, NO3 6.4. Mdy Idm lanh khdng chi nhi^t dd. Sii: dyng cdc Igai mdy do cd ban tr€n thj trudng, chgn Igai cd d$ chfnh xde eao. 7. Ca sd xdy dyng danh myc thilt bj. 7.1. Mgt sd chi tieu h^ thu$t lam ca sir
Dd cao vdng nudi 1500 m6t vd 1200 m Nhi^tdO: 15-18°C; vd 18-22''C Ngudng ehdt thdi rdn: 9/mg/l; Ngudng amonia tdng sd: 0.55 mg/1; Ngudng oxy hda tan (oxy trong dong chdy ra khdi bl nudi cd): 7,5 mg/1; Ngudng CO2: lOmg/I; Sdn lugng nudi 1000 kg cd/vu; Tudn hdan nude 100%.
7.2. Bang tinh tdan thdng so thiet ke dya tren cdc ydu cau 1^ thuat va chi tieu mdi trirdng.
Cdc thilt h\ edn trang bj dl ddm bdo cdng ngh$ xd: 1^ nude theo phuang phdp hda 1^ va sinh hgc, kem theo mdt sd thilt bi khdc nhlun gidm cdng lao ddng pho thdng vd phdng ngCra djdi b$nh. Tham khdo theo phuang p h^ c^ Timmons et al., (2002) d chuong 4 dl tinh ^an luu lugng ddng chdy, d chuong 6 dl chgn lya bl Idng; d chuong 7, 8 dl tinh ^an ydu e^ bl Igc sinh hgc vd bl loai C02- Tham khdo chuong 5 dl tinh tdan chgn bl uong nudi. Cdc thdng sd vl mdi trudng dugc tham khdo d http://www.uni- aqua.com/ va Nguyin Qudc An (2008). Thilt kl ttdng Igc vd tham khdo ehi tidu mdi tnidng trong Midlen and Redding (2001) (xem bdng tfnh tdan cac ehi sd k^ theo)
Tai lifu tham khao:
OnydjiUKoeauo:
frank A. Chapman aruiJoelP. VanEenennaam (2007) - "Sturgeon Aquaculture - Specialized Techniques" one of a series of the Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute, of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date December 2007. Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Williot P., R. Brun, T. Rouault, M. Pelard. D. Mercier and A. Ludwig (2005)- "Artificial spawning in cultured sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus L., with special emphasis on hermaphrodites"Aquaculture 2005, vol. 246, rf}-4, pp. 263- 273. Paul Vecsei, Matthew K. Litvak, David L.G. Noakes, Tom Rien & Martin Hochleithner (2003) - "A noninvasive technique for determining sex of live adult North American sturgeons"Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 333-338, 2003. US Patent 6291010 —"Process for obtaining sturgeon caviar analog, and product thus obtained" IlpoQneMU npouseodcmea nepnou wcpti. -www, nfi. by 08/01/2008, e22 H. 27 MUH. DAS S.K. (2004) —"Evaluation of a New Spawning Agent. Ovopel in Induced Breeding of Indian Carps"Asian Fisheries Science 17 (2004): 313-322
BO N 6 NG NGHEfP VA PHAT TRI£N N 6 NG THON
VifN NGHI£N CUU N U 6I T R 6 NG T H U* SAN ra
BAO CAO CHUYEN Bt
" Danh muc thiit hi ddng bg cho hg thing nudi cdng nghidp bio ngu"
NgurM t h^ hi$n: TS. Tnnrag Hi Phuvng
05/2008/HD-BT KC.07.15/06-10
Ngay 15/08/2008
THUQCBETAI
Nghidn c iu cdng nghg, hg thong thiet b| ding bg nudi eic doi tugng thuy sin c6
gii trj kinh tl eao(niric nggt, Ig m^n)
MA SO: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Trang, 10/2008
1
lUfc Life
I.M(3DAU n. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN COtJ in. KfiT QUA NGHlfiN CtfU
3 3 3 3 4
3.1. So di ting thi h§ thing nudi tuin hoan bio ngu. 3.2. ChitiSucindjt 3.3. Danh muc eic thiet hi ding b$ cho hg thong uong vi nudi bio ngu trong chu trhihkin 3.4. Thiit hi xil^ nuic 3.5. Thiit bj khac 3.6. Hd thing kiim sdat mdi truong trong hg tuin hoan 3.7. Thiit hi nang d& long nudi bio ngu
TAILISUTHAMKHAO
4 6 7 8 8 s
L MO D AU Nudi thim canh bio ngu trong hd thing nudi si dyng nuoc tuan hoan li xu hu6ng nudi moi cd the dip ing dugc yeu ciu vi bio vd mdi trucmg vi triin vgng mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao. Nudi theo hinh thie niy se'han che si dung ngudn nude sach tu nhidn, ddng thii hieu qui ciia ley thi4t xi ly chit thii ti qui trinh nudi gop phin lim sach mdi trudng biin. Ngoii ra no cdn giip cho ngudi nudi chi d$ng quin I^ mdi trucmg nuoi va ting ning suat. Tuy nliien h$ thdng nudi ddi hdi chi phi ban dau cao do hi thing cdng trinh vi trang thiit bj diu tu phii ding bi. Cic thiit b) cin trang bi de dim bio cdng nghf xi ly nuic theo phuong phip 1^ hgc vi sinh hgc, kem theo mdt si thiit bi khic nhim giim edng lao ddng phi thdng vi phdng ngia djch hdnh.
m. K4T QUA NGHIEN c tu
II. P H i r O NG P H AP NGHIEN CLfU Dgra trdn phuang phip cia Timmons et al., (2002) di tinh toan luu lugng dong chiy, chgn lifa bi ling, yen ciu bi Igc sinh hgc vi bi loai CO2. Cic thdng si vi mdi truing dugc tham khio 6 http://www.uni-aaua.coni/ vi Nguyin Quoc An (2008); Thiit ki trong Igc vi tham khio chi tieu mdi trucmg trong Midlen and Redding (2001).
3.1. Sff itd tdng thi h$ thdng nudi tudn hdan bio ngu. jakmn
Bl tach CO2
D D n
BI Igc sinh hgc
3.2. Chi tieu cdn itfit
Nhi|t d$: 25-29°C; Ngutag chit thii rin: 9/mg/l; Ngudng amonia ting si: 0.55 mg/1; Nguotng oxy hda tan (oxy trong ddng chiy ra khdi bi nudi): 6 mg/1; Ngudng CQj: 25 mg/1. Nudi 3000 kg bio ngu thuong phim; Tuan hdan nuic 100%.
3.3. Danh muc cdc thiit bi ddng b§ cho hi thSng utmg va nuoi bao ngu trong chu ttinh kin.
Qua cac tii lidu tham khio vi phin tich danh gia, ching tdi di nghi danh muc thiet hi can thiit cho nudi bio ngu ning suit 100 kg/m3, sin lugng 3 tan, ti le sdng 80% nhu bing 1.
Bing 1: Danh myc vi yiu c^u k^ thu^t hf thing, thiit bi nuoi cing nghigp bao ngir Ghi chu Yeu eau Ten tt
si lirong
Nhixirihig 4 0 x 10 hay 20 x 20 m'' 1 1 Nha di bi nudi bio ngu 10 m" 1 Nha dit bi igc smh hgc 2 1 8 - 12 m^ Nhi phdng cho miy ozone 3 20 m^ 1 Phdng quin li 4 Be eic loji *=6,5m;V= 30m^ 10 5 Be nudi bio ngu 0,6x0,3x0,1 m^ 1500 6 Ling nudi bio ngu 300 m^ 1 7 Bi chia nuoc, ling huyin phi 9m^ 1 8 Bi Igc eo hgc 9 m-' 1 Be Igc sinh hgc 9 1 Thiit hi tich protein 10 IMiy bom cie loai 11 4 -5 atm 1 Miy bom nen cho Igc co hgc 12 Miy bom cho be igc sinh hgc 18-36m^/gii 2 13 Thiit bi dl kem Thiet hi thii khi edng suit c:ao 14 1 Di dam cho Ige sinh hgc 1,5-1,9 em 15 10 m' Van vdi vi ing dSn nuoc, khi 16 Cic loai Thiit bjkhfr tring 17 Miy lim ozone 1 Tuj" chgn 18 Hg d^n tia c^c tim 1 Tujf chgn 19 May ning ha ldng nudi 1
Cic thiit b) ding b§ cia hi thing nudi cdng nghigp bao ngu dugc md ti nhu sau:
5
3.3.1. Bi nudi bio ngu
Bi si dung cho nudi tuin hdan co dang hinh tron hoac lye giic. Vat ligu xay bi
li xi ming (vat ligu chinh li gach, cit, xi ming). Be dugc xiy cliim trong dit, duong
kinh 6m, cao 1,8m, thi tich 50 m^. Si lugng be di nudi dat sin lugng 3000 kg/nam: 2
bi.
3.3.2. Ling nuoi bio ngir
Khay nudi hinh ehu nhft kich thuic 0,65 x 0,4 x 0,15 m= 0,04 ni3; cr moi khay
CO nip day ben hdng di cip thic in (rong). Mdi long ed 5 khay xip ching ldn nhau.
Dung tich ling la 0,04 m3 x 5 = 0,2 m3. Nudi 100 kg/m3 cin khdang 20 ling/m3
tuong duong 5 kg/long. Di nudi 2000 kg bio ngu, ting so long si dyng li 40016ng/bi.
IChay hinh trdn dudng kfaih 0,40, eao 0,15m, dung tieh 0,018 m3.
Hai loai ling dugc thi nghiem trong he thing nudi khep km it thay nuoc vi
nudi treo di ddi ching.
3.4. Thiit bixit 1} nu&c
3.4.1. Be ling Igc chat thii rin, huyin phi
Di qui trinh ling eic chat thii rin, huyin phi hifu qui, bi hmh chi nhit, vit
li$u xi ming, gach dat chim trong dit phi hgp cao trinh thiit ki de duy tri ddng chiy
trong bi nho hon Im/ phut (Midlen and Redduig, 2001). Kich thudc bi thiit ki phu thugc vio luu tie nude tuin hdan va dign tich thiit dien cit ngang vudng gdc vdi dong
chiy. Hieu suit ling chit rin dgr kiin 70%. Nudi 500 kg bio ngu cin 30 kg thie an
cdng nghiip (lang 27% protem (2% khii lugng thin, igai do vien 3 cung cip, niu in
rong ciu chi ving thi ti li protem ti-ong rong ciu li 17%) cin dien tich thiit dign ngang
eia bi ling li 0,4 in2 (tinh tdan theo ehi sd cia amonia tdng sd- ed gii tri luu lugng
ddng chiy cao nhat). Tring Igc dugc gin d hi ling di loai cac chat thii rin kich thudc
ldn hon.
3.4.2. Bl igc sinh hge
Thiet bj di khi amonia do bio ngu thii ra mdi trudng bi nudi. Trong hi thing
Igc khi amonia ddc ti dang NH3, NH4 (ddc vdi bio ngu) thinh NO3 (khdng die vdi
bao ngu) nhd cac vi sinh vit. Chgn hd Igc co hgc, co chat la cit thd. Nudi 3000 kg bio
ngu can 180 kg thie in cdng nghiip d^g 40% protem (2% khdi lugng thin) se cd
0,25 kg amonia ting si thii ra/ngiy vi nhu viy cin thi tich bi Igc it nhit li 0,5 m3.
Gia thiit hieu suit ni to rit hda li 0,75 trong diiu kiin 0,5 kg amonia tdng s6/kg co
chit dugc ni to rit hda.
33.4.3. BikhirCOj
Ding di loai bd COj do bao ngu tiiai ra mdi trudng bi nudi. Vi co bin ciu tao
cia thiit b; khi CO2 li bi khi chia eo chit (media) kit hgrp sue khi manh. Co chi thii CO2 dvra vio viic tao ra eic khdang khdng gian tring (cd khi hoac chin khdng) xen ke gitta cic CO chit b-ong bi khi, CO2 dang khi se thdat khdi mdi trudng nude di vio cie khdang fring vi thdat ra mdi trudng khdng khi dudi su hi trg cia ddng chiy. Nudi 500 kg bio ngu cin 10 kg thic in cdng nghiep dang 40% protem (2% khdi lugng thin) sd cd 5 kg C02 thai ra/ngiy vi nhu v|y cin flii tich bi khi it nhit la 2,0 m3. Gia fliiit hif u suit thai C02 vio khdng khi li 0,75.
3.5. Thiit bi khdc 3.5.1. Thilt bikhur tring
ngu bang he thong nude tuan hdan 100% cin luu toe ddng chiy 0,4 m3/phit de duy tri
mdi trudng. Chgn UV eo idii ning khi tri^g d vin toe nude niy.
3.5.2. Miy bom
Miy bom si dung didn ludi. Nudi 500 kg bio ngu bing hd thing nude tuan hdan
100% ein luu tic ddng chiy 0,4 m3/phit di duy tri mdi trudng nudi dn djnh. Cdng
suit miy chgn la 0,4 m3/phit.
3.53. Miy phit dien khi mat dign Dim bio chay miy bcmi vi may sue khi.
3.5.4. Binh, miy nen Oxy ho^c miy thdi khi - Miy syc khi kit hgp dio nude - He thong ong dan khi: gim ing din chinh va cac dng nhd ndi vdi di bgt vudng d giua day bi nudi. - Da bgt: di O2 hda tan tdt trong nude, di bgt co bi rgng khdang Im^, mjn, dugc dat dudi diy bi nudi.
3.6. H$ thdng kiim sdat mdi tm&ng trong h$ tuan hoan 6.1. May do pH 6.2. IVliy do 02 6.3. Miy do cie yiu to gdm DO, COD, CO2, NH3, NOj, NO3
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
3.7. Thiit bf ndng dO ldng nudi bdo ngir Thiit bj gim can trgc ning ling, rdng rge di chuyin, day mdc di giip ning ha ling trong bi nudi. Thiit bj don giin, dl di chuyin, thao tie dl dang.
Nguyen Quoc An (2008). Bio eio tu van. Phan C- Bio ngu. Thudc de tii Nghien eiu cdng nghe, he thong thiet bj dong bd nudi cic ddi tugng thiy sin cd gia trj kinh te. Nguyin Minh Hudng, Li Vjnh, 2008. Anh hudng eia su thay ddi him lugng protein thic in cdng nghi$p len sinh trudng bio ngu vinh tai (haliotis asinina). Hdi thio tdan quic Dgng vit thin mim. Viin nghidn ciu Thiy sin 3. Midlen and Redding (2001). Environmental management for aquaculture. Kluwer academic PubUshers.223 pages. Tunmons, M.B., J.M. Ebelmg, F.W. Wheaton, S.T. Summerfelt, and B.J. Vinci. 2002. Recirculatmg aquaculture systems. Cayuga Aqua Ventures, Ithaca, NY. UNIAQUA: http://www.uni-aqua.com/ 8
BO N6NG NGHifip vA PHAT TRIEN N6NG TH6N VI$N NGHlfeN CDtr NU6l TRONG THUt SAN m
BAO CAO CHUYEN DE
Nghien clhi thilt kl he thong di chuyin ldng nuoi thuy san
(Giin cin trvc ning ha ling nudi bio ngu)
Ngudi thvrc hiin: KTV. Dinh Chi Thanh
Theo hgrp ding si: 09/2009/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-10 Ngiy 20/1/2009
THUOC BfeTAl
NgUSn cin cdng ngh^ hf thing thiit bi ding bf nuSi cic dii tugng thu^ san c6 gii tr| kinh t& cao(nii6c nggt, Ig ni$n) M A S 6: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Trang, 4/2009
BO N 6 NG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 NG THON
VI|;N NGHlfiN Ciru NU6l T R 6 NG THCt SAN m
BAO CAO CHUYEN DE
Nghien curu thiet kl hf th6ng di chuyin long nu8i thiiy san
(Giin cin trf c ning ha ling nudi bio ngu)
Ngudi thvc hign: KTV. Dinh Chi Thanh
Theo hgp ding si: 09/20D9/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-10
Ngiy 20/1/2009
THUOC B ^ T AI
NghiSn cihi cdng nghf, hf thing thiit bj ding bf nudi cac dii tugmg thn^ sin c6 gii tri kinh ti cao(niiriv nggt, Ig mSn)
MASO: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Trang, 4/2009
'IJMfc dieh
Cin ci vio tinh hinh thvrc td, vifc sia chia eae ldng nudi thiy sin Idu v^ chuyen ti dudi len trdn mit nhiiu thdi gian vi edng sic.Do vay yeu cau cin cd mdt hd thing di di chuyin cie ling nudi thiiy sin ra khdi hd nudi di sia chia hoac thay thi li cin thiit. Vi nd sd lim giim bdt thdi gian vi edng sic cia ngudi. 2. Phirong in
Dudng ray Hg thing xe going Thip ding Cin ngang hf thing tditted Ti dign diiu Idiiin Motor
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Theo ydu ciu th^c te, ta se si dung mdt he thong cau thip bao gom 4 md to di v|n hanh cin true :h$ thing cin true ning ha ldng nudi ldn - xudng , di chuyin ra - vio ,quay trai - phii, va chay tdi - lui trdn dudng ray dat dgc theo he fliing hd nudi. Hai dudng ray duge dat tren hai dam be tdng die chju luc vi cd hg thing ching l$t. 3.Ser do - Nguyen ly hojt d$ng Hd thing cau trgc bao gim cic thiit bi sau:
Nguyen ly ho^t d$ng
Ngudi v$n hinh ciu true ehi ein bim cic nit didu khiin di cho h^ thing ciu trgc boat d i n g, tuong i ng vdi mdi la mdt chuyin ddng cia cin tryc. khi ning long len Ichdi hi thi bim nit di didu khiin hf thing tdi k^o xuing va lip mdc treo vio ling sau dd bim nit di hf thing tdi kdo ning ling len Idioi ho. Muin di chuyen ling ra khdi vj tri khac thi ta bim cic nit khic di cac Motor boat ddng, muin di chuyin ngang thi bim nit di Motor tren he thdng tdi keo boat d$ng di chuyin, muin di chuyin dgc thi bim nit di mdt Motor tren he thing xe eon boat d$ng di di chuyin ei hd dn true.
Trdn hf thing ciu tryc cic Motor boat ddng nhu sau : hd thing tdi keo keo cd hai Motor boat d§ng doe lap , mdt Motor lim nhiem vy ning h a, m$t Motor lam nhigm vu di chuyin ngang. Hf thing xe eon cd mgt mf t motor boat dgng dong thdi lam nhifm vy di chiiyin ci hf ciu true dgc theo diu niy .mit motor lim nhifm vu quay ei hf thong ein eiu sang hai phia trii hoac phai.
I.Lipd$t
Vifc lip d|t hf thong sS khio sat cu the mit bing va se cd thiet ke cu the.
i. Lvu y khi v^n hanh
Ngudi vin hanh he thong ciu true luu y khong bam cac nut cung mgt luc de tat
a cac Motor hoat dfng. Quy trinh vin hanh nhir sau:
DS tien hanh liy 15ng ra khoi h6: neu moc cau con a vi tri tren cao thi n^ircri •?n hanh bim nut dS h?i thip moc cau xu6ng sau do lip moc ciu chic chin vao long, au do bam nut de tori keo ho^t dong de nang long len cao. Khi nang long len dii do ao va quan sat neu thay day long khdng con bi vudng can phia dudi thi moi tien hanh lim cic nut khic de di chuyen long ngang hoac dgc theo duomg ray. Khi mudn di huyin ngang thi bim nut dl motor tren he thdng tdi keo hoat dpng di chuyin he tiong tdi keo di chuyin tren dim ngang. Khi muin di chuyin doc tren dudng ray thi am nit de hai Motor tren hi thdng xe con ho?it dfng di chuyen ca he cau true doc leo hai dudng ray.
BO N 6 NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRifiN NONG THON
vifN NGIII£N cim mi6i TRANG THU* SAN ra
B AO CAO C H U Y EN DE
NghiSn cuu thiet kl h| th6ng tdch protein trong hf thong nu8i tu^n hotkn e& hhi
Ngirdi thwc hlf n: 1. ThS. Li Trung Ky
2. Th.S. Phan S i ng Hing
THUOC Ot TAI
NghlSD c^cdng ngh^hfAingthi^bl ddng b$ nufll ciic ffdi tv^g tbll^ sao c6 gU trj kinh tl ^0(iiv6c nggt. If mjn)
M A S 6: KC.07.15/06-10
Theo Hgp ding si: 04/2008/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-10 Ngay 01/7/2008
Nha Trang, 4/2009
BO N 6 NG NGHIfiP vA PHAT TRIEN N 6 NG T H 6N VljlN NGHIEN CirU NU6l T R 6 NG THUY SAN HI
Tin di til: Nghiin cihi cing nghf, hf thing thiit bj ding b$ nuoi cic dii
tugrng thny sin cd gii trj Idnh ti cao (nirdc nggt, Igr, mfn)
Misiditii: KC.07.15/06-10
BAO CAO CHUYEN Bft
Nghiin ciu thiit ki h| thine tich protem trong he thong nu6i tuan hoin
Chi nhifm di tii/dvr in: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj Xuin Thu
Ngirdi chu tri thifc hlfn chuyen dl: 1. ThS. Li Trung Ky NhOng ngudi phii hgrp thyv hifn:
1. Th.S. Phan Bing Hikng
Nha Trang, 4/2009
Myc luc
Muc luc
2
I. Md diu
3
II. Chic nang vi eich thic boat ddng cia thiit bi tach protein
3
m. MOt s5 kiiu thiit ki thiit hi tich protein
.-. 4
3.1. Hf thing nude chiy xudi
4
3.2 Hi thing chiy ngugc ddng
5
rv. Thiit ki thiit bj tach protem
5
Tii lifu tham khio:
7
LMddau
Thiit hi tich protem dugc diing di lo^i bo cic hgp chit hihi co trong hf thdng nudi trudc khi ching phan hiy thinh cac chit giy bit Igri cho vat nudi. Trong bit ky mgt hf thing nudi nio, thiit bj tich protein li b$ ph$n duy nhit cd thi lo^i bd dugc cic hgp chit hiu co bing con dudng eo hgc trudc khi ching phan hiy, do dd lim giim bdt sic tii ten hf thong Igc smh hgc trong hf thing nudi tuln hoin vi nang cao khi ning oxy hda vi khi ciia nude.
Bio cio niy se gidi thif u chic nang, eich thic boat ddng cia thiit hi tich protem, mdt s6 kiiu thiit kd thift bj tich protem vi cudi cing s6 trinh biy eich thiit ki mQt thiit b) tich protem hoin chinh.
II. Cfairc nang va each thvic ho^t d$iig cua thiet b; tach protein
Trong nudi trdng thiy sin, thiit bj tich protein dugc ding di loai bd nhttng hgp chit httu ca, trong dd cd protem vi amino axit trin co sd Igri dvmg tinh phin cue cia chinh bin thin protem. Do su tieh difn bdn trong eia nd, protein trong nude cd thi bj diy hoic hit bdi bi m$t ehung gitta nude vi khdng khi, vi nhttng phin ti nay dugc md ti li khdng uu nude (nhu md hay diu) ho$c li uu nude (nhu mudi, dudng, amonia, bin hit cic amino axit vi hiu bet cic hgp chit vd eo). Tuy nhiin nhttng phin ti biiu co ldn hon cd ci thinh phin khdng ua nude vi fliinh phin ua nude. Cie loai thiit bj tich protem boat dOng bing eich tao ra m$t hi mat ehung nudc/khdng khi, d$c bift li tao ra mdt sd lugng ldn cic bong bdng d trong cdt nude. Theo [1] thi cic bong bdng cing nhd thi vifc tich protein cang hifu qui hon do difn tich hi mjt cia nhttng bong bdng nhd ldn hon difn tich bi m$t cia nhthig bong bdng ldn cd cing thi tich. Do dd khi thiit ki thiet bj tich protem cin chi y tao ra nhttng bong bdng khi cing nhd cing tdt. Chinh nhd mdt si lugng ldn cac bong bdng nhd da tao ra mgt bf m$t khdng khi/nudc rit ldn lim cho nhiing phin ti httu co khdng uu nude ed thi dugc gom lai trfn bi mat bong bdng. Sy idiuich tin eia nhttng phin ti hiiu co dugc diy nhanh nhd chuyin dgng cia nude, nhd do mi cing cd nhidu phin ti httu co dugc diy din bi m$t khdng khi/nudc vi t^o diiu kifn cho cic phin ti httu co t$p trung trdn bi mat ciia cic bong bdng. Qua trinh niy s£ diin ra tiip tyc cho din khi bi mat ehung khdng khi/nudc trd nen bio hda, tri khi nhiing bong bdng dugc liy ra khdi nude niu khdng ching sd vO ra vi nhttng phin ti da tich ty lai trin be mit se giii phdng trd lai cdt nude [5]. Diy li mft yiu td cin luu y khi thiit ki thift bi tich protem, phii dim bio cac bong bdng khi phii dugc tich ra khdi nude trudc khi ching bj vd ra. Tuy nhiin cd mgt vin di cin nhic din li khi nhttng bong bdng khi trd ndn bio hda sd dan din sy thay d6i nhu sau, nhiing phin ti hiiu co nio cd liin kit vttng chic hoin sd thay thi tihflng phin ti cd liin kit yiu hon da tich ty hrin bf m$t.
Vifc xac djnh thdi gian tiip xic giiia bong bdng vi nude dang cd nliifu y kien khic nhau. M$c di nhiiu ngudi nudi cho ring khi ting thdi gian tiep xic sS cho kit qui tit, nhung ciing cd y kiin khic cho ring ting thdi gian tiip xic gitta bong bdng vi nude khdng phii lie nio cung dem l?i hifu qui. Khi nhiing bong bdng t$p trung nhiiu d ting hren cia khdi nude, ching sd trd nin n^g hon vi
nude bit dau chiy xuing di tao ndn bgt nude, nhiing bgt niy se mang cic phin ti httu CO din bd ph|tai thu bgt bin. Cic phin ti vd co lifn kit vdi cic phin ti hflti CO cung se duge tieh ra khdi hf thing nude nudi.
Ngoii chie nang tieh protein, thiit bj nay edn giip loai bd mdt sd phin ti hiiu CO vi vd co khic nhu chit beo, axit beo, carbohydrate, ding, iod [5]. Ki ca mdt sd loai vi khuin, thyc v|t nii va miin ba cung dugc loai bd qua thift bj tach protein. Thiit bi tich protem thudng dugc cic nhi nudi trong thiy sin dat trudc cic thiit bi khic trong hf thing Ige vi xi 1;^ nude nhim muc dieh lim ^im sic tii Ifn hf thing igc. Tuy nhiin ciing cd nhiiu ngudi thich dat nd true tiip tai bi nudi.
i n. M$t so kleu thiet ke thiet bi tach protein
Tit ci cic loai thift bj tich proein diu cd cic d$c didm ehung la: nude chiy qua mdt khoang chia rii sau dd dugc tiip xic vdi mgt cgt bong bdng khi. Cic bong bdng cd tic dyng dua protem vi cac vat chit khic lin thiit bj thu bgt bin. Tai diy bgt bin cd die lai thanh chit ldng vi nd cd thi dl dang duge tach ra khdi hf thing nudi. Mdt thiit bj tich protein trong nude dugc xem la hoat dgng cd hifu qui niu tbda min eic tiiu chi sau [3]: 1. S6 lugng bong bdng phii nhiiu. 2. Cic phan ti hiiu co phai dugc nh$t (hit bim) t^ be mat tiep xic gitta khdng khi va nude. 3. Cic bong bdng khi hhih thinh nin hi m$t tiip xic gitta khdng khi va nude phii ciing di vdi nhau di tao ra bgt nude. 4. Nude ti bgt nude phii dugc thoit di mi khdng lam vd cic bong bdng. 5. Bgt bin phii dugc tich khdi nude vi dugc thu gom.
Cic thiit bj tich protein trong nude cd thi chia lim hai nhdm dya trin eich thic ho^t dgng cia nd. Nhdm thi nhit ggi li hf thing chiy xudi ddng, khdng khi dugc dua vao ti diy cia khoang chia vi dugc tiip xic vdi nude khi nd ndi Ifn tidn thiit hi thu gom bgt bin. Nhdm thi hai ggi li hf thdng chiy ngugc ddng, khdng khi duge dua vio thiit bj tich protem bing ip suit vi di chuyin n^gc lai vdi ddng nude trong mdt thdi gian nMt djnh trudc khi nd noi len din thift bi thu gom bgt bin. Trong hai nhdm tidn thi nhdm thi hai thudng dugc cho la boat dfng cd hifu qui hon nhd thdi gian tiip xic gitta bong bdng khi vi nude liu hon [2]. Tuy nhiin, cic thiit bj tach protem thugc nhdm thi hai lai phie tap hon ti'ong thiit ki va cd gii thinh cao hon so vdi nhdm thi nhit.
3.1. Hf thing nvdc chiy xuil
Su dvng id bf>t tgo bong bdng khi Diy la phuong phip tich protein xuit hifn diu tiin, boat ddng nhd khdng khi dugc nen qua di bgt di t^o ra mft s6 lugmg ldn bong bdng. Ddi vdi phuong phip niy di bgt dugc d$t d diy cia eft niidc. Nude ti be nudi dugc bom vio cdt nude vi chiy qua nhiing bong bdng khi, rdi trd lai bi nudi. Dd ting thdi gian tiip xic gitta nude vi bong bdng khi thi cOt nude cin phii cd dd cao phi hgrp nhit
djnh. V$t lifu phi biin hifn nay dugc diing di lam cdt nude li ing nhya pvc. Vdi chi phi thap vi cd tinh hifu qui trong cic ind hinh nudi nhd, phucmg phip niy vin cdn dugc nhiiu ngudi si dung di lim thift bj tich protein mic diu nhttng cdng n ^f mdi hom cd thi dugc uu chugng hon eho nhttng hf thing nudi ldn hay cd chit thii sinh hgc nhiiu.
Su dvng may qugt nude tgo bong bdng khi Co sd ly thuyit cia phuong phip niy li miy quat nude phii tao ra dugc bong bdng khi. Nude ti hf thong nudi dugc bom qua miy quat nude, tai day cic bong bdng khi dugc tao ra vi di vao thin cia thiit bj tich protem.
3.2 Hf thing chiy nguwc ddng
Sir dvng bdnh quay kim tgo bong bdng khi Binh quay kim bao gim mgt dia quay cd cic diu kim nhd ra ngoii vudng gdc vdi rdto. Muc dieh si dyng binh quay kim niy li di cit khdng khi ti miy thoi khi bin ngoii thinh cic bong bdng khi cyc nhd. Uu diim eia phuong phip niy li t^o ra nhiing bong bdng sifu nhd lim ting hifu qui tich protein. Loai thiit bj tieh protem nay ngiy cing trd nin phd biin trong nudi ci cinh nhd ed kich thudc nhd vi ho^t dgng im ii cia nd.
Sii dvng dp sudt tgo bang bdng khi d phuong phip niy nude dugc bom dudi ap suit cao vio eic ing chia cic qui ciu lim bing nhya nhim myc dieh di trfn nude vi khdng khi. Hdn hgrp khdng khi/nudc chiy ngugc xudng vio trong thin thiit bj rdi vio mdt cii khoang ning cd bd phfn thu bgt bin. Chinh nhd ip suit cao vi cic (jui ciu nhya chit thii protem dugc tich ra dudi dang li cic bgt bin. Kiiu thiet bi niy dugrc ip dyng rfng rii, nhit li vdi cic md hhih nudi cd quy md ldn.
Sii- dvng vdiphun tgo bong bdng khi Phuong phap niy tuomg ty nhu phuong phip si dung ip suit di tao bong bdng khi. Tuy nhiin, phuong phip niy cd gin thdm cic vii phun nude di tao bong bdng khi. Phuong phip niy cd thi xi ly dugc mdt khdi lugng ldn nude trong thdi gian ngin.
IV. Thilt kl thilt bj tach protein
Thiit bj tich protein dugc gidi thifu trong bao cio nay thuOc nhdm thi nhit (hf thing chay xudi ddng), cd thiet ki don giin de thuc hifn. Nhu tren di ndi, cic loai thiit bi tich protem thugc nhdm thi hai hay hf thing chiy ngugc ddng cd hifu (|ui hoat ddng tot hon nhttng thiit bj thufc nhdm thi nhit, tuy nhidn do cd thiit ki phie tap ndn cie kiiu thiit ki thudc nhdm thi hai di khdng dugc chgn ie ap dyng.
Thiit bj tich protem niy duge md phdng theo thiet ki cia Lois [4] vdi vii thay doi cho phi hgp vdi nguyin vjt lifu sin cd d thi trudng Vift Nam. Vit lifu chinh dugc si dyng di lim thiit bj tich protein li dng nhua PVC.
Bong bdng khi
Cac phan tur hitu ca bi hut vio be mat khdng khi-nudc
Khoi nuic
Hhih 2. So dd biiu fli) cic phin ti httu co bim xung quanh bong bdng khi
Tai lifu tham khao:
[1]. Escobal, P R 2000a, Aquatic Systems Engineering: Devices and How They Function, Dimension Engineering Press. [2]. Escobal, PR 2000b, Protein skimmers. CSp nhit ngiy 23 thing 4 im 2009, ti http://www.suburbanreef.coin/proteinskimmer.aspx. [3]. Hohnes-Farley, R 2006, What is Skimming?, Reefkeepmg. Cap
nhfit ngiy 5 fliing 5 nim 2009, ti http://www.reefteepmg.com/issues/2006-08/rhfymdex.php. [4]. Lois 2009, "Tupperware " Beckett Protein Skimmer. CJp nhat ngiy 23 fliing 4 nim 2009, ti http://ozreef.org. [5]. Shimak, RL 2002, 'Down the Dram, Exports From Reef Aquaria', in Reefkeeping Magazine.
BO NdNG NGHIf;P VA PHAT T R I £N NONG THdN VlfN NGBI£N cut; NUOl T B ^G THlit SAN m
BAO CAO CHUY£N Bt
"Ng^Sn clhi thidt kl h$ di6ng cung cip fixy cho nudi e& tin
cftng nghi^"
Mgiriri thvc hifn: TS Ngnyin Qn^c An
Thcolwrpdtngii: 02/2008/Iffi-ST KC.07.1S/06-10 Ngiy 1/07/2008
THUOCDfiTAl
NghUn cthi cSng nghf, hf thing fliiit bf ding bf n ai cic dii tngrng Oiii^ ain ci gii feri Idnh tf dui(BiiAc nggt, igr mfn)
MAsd: KC.07.15/06-10
BO NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN N O NG T H 6N VI(;N NGHltN CUtJ NUOI TRONG THUY S AN HI
BAO CAO CHUYEN BE
NghiSn cihi thilt kl h^ thing cung cap 5xy cho nuoi ca tam
c6ng nghiep
Ngirdi thvrc hifn: TS NguySn Quic An
Theo hgp dong si: 02/2008/Iffl-DT KC.07.15/06-10 Ngiy 1/07/2008
THUQCDETAI
Nghiin cin cdng nghf, hf thing thiit bj ding bf nudi cie dii tugrng thuy sin co gii trj kinh ti cao(nirdrc nggt, Ig m$n)
M A S O: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Trang 4/2008
Phin thu" 1 Nguyin ly vi y6u ciu
1.1 NguySn If ho^t d^ng cua h§ thSag cung dp 6xy
Cung cip dxy dung trong nghi nudi thu^ sin hifn nay c6 thi chia lim 2
lo9i li si dyng khdng khi (trong dd thinh phin dxy chi chiim 1/3 thi tich) vi dxy
thuin khiit Igc tilr khdng khi.
Si dyng dxy trvrc tiip ti khdng khi li phucmg phip ph6 biin trong sin xuit
gidng vi nudi thuong phim truyin th6ng. Nd c6 tm diim li thiit bj giin don, gii
thinh ri vi tifn dvlng. Nhimg ddi vdi phuang pbip nudi tich afc vdi nt^lt dd nudi
cao vi nhit li nudi trong chu trinh kin thi nhu ciu cimg cip dxy cao hem nhiiu do
dd cin phii cung dp dxy thuin khiit.
Si dyng dxy thuin khiit cung chia lim 2 lo^i li dxy Idng vi dxy khi. 6xy
ldng thudng do cic nhi miy sin xuit dxy Idn sin xuit bing phuong ph^ hoi Idng
khdng khi dudi diim sdi cia dxy (-183°C) vi cung cip mSi lin hing tin dxy ldng
cho cic ccr sd nudi vdi qui md ldn (sin lugng 100 tin/nim ttd lin). Nha miy s6
vfn chuyin lugng dxy Idng theo don d$t hing bing xe chuyin dyng. Co sd nudi
thuy sin cd slid dv trtt di di si dyng liu dil tit 2-3 tuin din hing thing trudc khi
hgrp ddng tiip dligc vfn chuyin din.
Nhi miy sin xuit dxy cd thi ctmg cip dxy thuin khiit d d^ng khi chia
trong bhih nin bing tb£p dung tich S - SO lit dudi ip suit din ISO atm. M$t bhih
dxy thdng dyng cd SO lit cQng chi cd thi chia dugrc khoing 7,S m^ dxy. Binh niy
chi c6 thi diing di cung c^ mdt lugng dxy nhd vi tec thdi (nhu vfn chuyin tdm
ci gi6ng) nhimg nd khdng thi dip ing yiu ciu dxy liin tyc trong 1 gid cho co sd
nudi thuy sin ning suit SO-100 tln/nim trd lin.
Giii phip t6i uu nhifm vy cung cip dxy cho nudi thuy sin theo phuang
pbip cdng nghifp li sin xuit dxy t^i ch5. Giii phip nfy trd nin hifn thyc khi cdng
Phin t h 01 Nguydn ly vi y6u c iu
1.1 NguySn If ho^ d^ng cQa h§ th6ng cung cap 6xy
Ctmg cip dxy ding trong nghi nudi thuy sin hifn nay cd thi chia lim 2
lo^ Ui si dyng khdng khi (trcmg dd thinh phin dxy chi chiim 1/S thi tich) vi dxy
fliuin khiit IQC ti khdng khi.
Si dyng dxy ttvc tiip ti khdng khi li phuong phip phi biin trong sin xuit
giing vi nudi thuong phim truyin th6ng. Nd c6 tm diim li diiit bi giin don, gii
thinh rd vi tifn dyng. Nhung dii vdi phuong phip nudi tich cyc vdi mft df nudi
cao vi nhit li nudi trong chu trinh ldn thi nhu ciu cung dp dxy cao hon nhiiu do
dd cin phii cung dp dqr thuin khiit.
Si dyng dxy thuin khiit cQng chia lim 2 loai li dxy Idng vi dxy khi. Oxy
ldng thudng do cic nhi miy sin xuit dxy ldn sin xuit bing phuong phip hoi ldng
khdng khi dudi diim sdi cia dxy (-183°C) vi cung dp mSi lin hing tin dxy ldng
cho cic CO sd nudi vdi qui md ldn (sin lugng 100 tin/nim trd lin). Nhi miy sS
vfn chuyin lupng dxy Idng theo don dit hing bing xe chuyin dyng. Co sd nudi
fliuy sin cd sild dy trtt di di si dyng liu dii ti 2-3 tuin din hing thing tnidc khi
tu/p ding tiip dugc vfn chuyin din.
Nhi miy sin xuit dxy cd thi cung c^ dxy thuin khiit d d^g khi chia
trong bhih n£n bing thip dung tich S - 30 lit dudi ip suit din ISO atm. M$t binh
dxy thdng dyng cd 30 lit cQng chi cd thi chia dugrc khoing 7,3 m^ dxy. Binh niy
chi c6 flii ding di cung dp m$t lugng dxy nhd vi tic thdi (nhu vfn chuyin tdm
ci gidng) nhimg nd khdng the dip ing yiu ciu dxy liin tyc trong 1 gid cho co sd
nudi UBI^ sin ning suit 30-100 tin/nim bd lin.
Giii ph^ tii uu nhifm vy cung dp dxy cho nudi thu^ sin theo phuang
pU^ G&ig nghifp li sin xuit digr tfi chS. Giii ph^ niy trd nin hi^ thvic khi cdng
Phin th01 Nguydn ly vi y6u ciu
1.1 NguySn If hofit O^ng cua A$ th6ng cung cip 6xy
Cung dp dxy ding trong nghi nudi thuy sin hifn nay cd thi chia lim 2
loai li si dyng khdng khi (trong dd thinh phin dxy chi chiim 1/3 thi tich) vi dxy
fliuin khiit Igc ti khdng khi.
Sii dyng dxy tryc tiip ti khdng khi li phuong phi^ phi biin trong sin xuit
gidng vi nudi thuong phim truyin thdng. Nd cd uu (fiim li thiit bj giin don, gii
thinh ri vi tifn dyng. Nhung ddi vdi phuang phip nudi tich cyc vdi mft df nudi
cao vi nhit li nudi trong chu h^nh kin thi nhu du cung dp dxy cao hon nhiiu do
dd cin phii cung dp dxy thuin khiit.
Si dyng dxy fliuin khiit cQng chia lim 2 lofi li dxy ldng vi dxy khi. 6xy
ldng thudng do cic nhi miy sin xuit dxy ldn sin xuit bing phuong phip hoi ldng
khdng khi dudi diim sdi cia dxy (-ISS'C) vi cung dp mSi lin hing tin dxy Idng
cho cic CO sd nudi vdi qui md ldn (sin lugng 100 tin/nim trd lin). Nhi miy se
vfn chuyin lugng dxy ldng theo don t^t hing bing xe chuyin dyng. Co sd nudi
thuy sin cd sild dy trtt di di sii dyng liu dii ti 2-3 tuin din hing thing bude khi
hgrp ddng tiip dugc vfn chuyin din.
Nhi miy sin xuit dxy cd thi cung cip dxy thuin khiit d dang khi chia
tiong bbih nin bing fliep dung tich 3-30 lit dudi ip suit d^ ISO atm. Mft bhih
dxy thdng dyng c5 30 lit cung chi cd thi chia dugrc khoing 7,S m' dxy. Binh niy
chi cd thi ding di cung dp mdt tugng dxy nhd vi tic thdi (nhu vfn chuyin tdm
ci gidng) nhimg nd khdng thi dip ing yiu ciu dxy liin tyc trong 1 gid cho co sd
nudi thuy sin ning suit 30-100 tin/nim trd lin.
Giii (diip tdi uu nhifm vy cung dp dxy cho nudi thuy sin theo phuong
ph^ cdng nghifp li sin xuit dxy tfi chS. Giii ph^ niy trd nin hifn thyc khi cdng
n ^f sin xuit dxy bing phuong pht^ Igc dn^rc ip dyng trong vii chyc nim trd Ifi
d&y. Uu diim dia phuong phip niy Ii cd thi sin xuit mdt lu^ng dxy tuong ddi
ldn bang fliiit bj nhd ggn vdi dd fliuin khiit chip nhfn dugrc (90 - 93%).
1.2 NguySn I^ hoft Nguyin ly cia phuong phip nay li nin khdng khi cho qua bf Igc Zeolite. BO IQC Zeolite li h:ii tim cia hf thdng sin xuit dxy niy. Thdng thudng bf IQC niy dugc thiit ki gdm 2 hfp Igc du t^o nhu nhau vi dugc diiu khiin di ty ddng ho^t dfng luin phiin. Ttie li, khi mft cii ho^t dfng flil cii kia d tr;ng thii chd vi nguvclfi- Khi khdng khi nia di qua hfp Igc phin ti zeolite trong hfp IQC sf h^ phy khi nito (chiim 78% thi tich khdng khi) vi chi cho dxy (21% flii tich khdng khi) di qua vi tich vio bhih chtia. Df thuin khiit ciia dxy sau khi di qua Idp Igc Zeolite do chit iugng cia Idp IQC niy quyit djnh. Khi khi ning hip fliy nito cia hfp IQC niy di bio hoi, miy sf ty dfng chuyin sang hfp IQC mdi. Dudi ip sdt khdng khi bhih thudng nito trong hfp Igc diu se ty giii phdng vi khi ning igc cia nd khdi phyc tid lai. Di gia ting tdc d$ giii phdng Nito, ngudi ta cd thi trich mft |diin khi dxy thdi ngugrc trd 1^ hfp IQC diu. a nhu vfy qui trinh sin xuit dxy d i^ ra liin tyc. Nguyin ly sin xuit dxy niy ggi IkPressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). Trong diiu kifn tuin thd ding qui ttinh sin xuit (nhit Ii dim bio khdng khi qua bf IQC phii thft khd vi khdng lln diu md) thudi thg cia hdp Igc niy khoing 40.000 gid liin tyc (4,3 nim). Thyc ti cd flii liu hon vl miy cd flii khdng chf y liin tyc sudt ngiy dim. Di dim bio khi ning hip thy nito cia hfp IQC vi kio dii tudi thQ cia zeolite trong hfp IQC khdng khi dua vio phii khd vi khdng cd diu md. VI vfy Hinh 1 Sv (Td nguySn If' ho ft a^ng h$ th6ng cung cip 6xy theo phuvng phip PSA sin xuit dxy Igc hoi im klii Miyn4n Miyl^nh Hfp igc Binh diin hoi Hfp Igc Zeolite Btaih chia dxy
chlhikhSng
ngnyfnchit
khi sjch than khii
diu, md Khing khi -*- dxy ngqyin chit Hinh 2 Sc did kh6l h$ (hdng cung cip 6xy theo phirong phip PSA 5 Tin fliiit bj Chi tiit vi
tinh ning Bflfc
fliim Miynfn
Idii IMiy
lim fixy Binh
chiafxy Miy lim
khf Idling
khf Kihifu OA-300
PSA F0059H
Refiigeiated
ahdiyer VOR560
Vertical
Oxygen
Receiver VAR560
Vertical
Air
Receiver L-15-7.5
Comp.air
Rotaiy
Screw C&ng suit 2,47
m'/phit 6,0
m'^hit 8 m'/gid
(10,36
kg/gid) Dung tich 560 lit 560 Ut Tbihchlt 93-95 % Diim suong
3°C PDP Apsuit
nfn7atm Apsuit
ra3,l-
3,5 atm fliuin 220-240
/1/S0hz/1$ YSu du Difn
ip 2 2 0-
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hz/141 220-
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hz/l(t> Hinh 3 Bd trf mft biing hf thdng lim dxy BO N6NG NGHI?P VA PHAT TRI£N NONG THON VifN NGHI£N cxitj Nu6i TR6NG THut SAN m " Nghi&i ciiu thiSt kl cac Ipai ibng nuoi bao ngu" vifN NGHI£N ciru Nudi TR6NG THut SAN m BAO CAO CHUYEN DE " Nghien ciiu thiSt kl cac loai 16ng nuoi bao ngu" -Lo^i ldng trdn dugc lip rip si dyng thinh I bf S ldng trdn liin kit vdi
nhau nhu sau: :' \ Ling nhua PEHD tidn Ludi bgc cym S bf ling tidn Cic 15 thoit khl 010mm Cic doan ing Idt PVC dudng
kinh 060mm - 1 Ong PVC dudng kinh 049mm
ditng lam tiye nii n-Cic bf khudn sin xnit ldng nudi thuy sin Vdi cic kich thudc ldng nudi sin phim dugrc thiit ki nhu trin, cin cd vio hf sd din nd, co rit cia nguyin lifu nhya PEHD trong bing sau: Apsuit cao
0.92
114
60
90
112
<0.013 Ap suit thip
0.96
217
173
120
133
<0.01 0.000003 di
hi 0.000031
1 2-3 TytiQng
Lye kio kg/cni3
Lvrc udn kg/ctn3
Nhift df mim
Nhift df chiy
Hip fliy nude 24b,%
Df din nd nhift
1.5-3
Dd CO nit
Cin ci vio trgng Iugng cua sin phim di dugc thiit ki (Ldng nudi chd nhft: 1,2kg
vi ldng trdn: 0,88k^) ciing vdi ^ diy cua sin phim tnmg binh: 4,3mm.
Thdng qua dd cd the xic djnh duQC kich thudc djnh hinh gia cdng che t^ sin
phim vi kich thudc, du tao chi tiit lip ghip cic bf khudn (theo cic bin vf dbih
kim) THUOC O E T AI MASO: KC.07.15/06-10 THUOC BE TAI M A S O: KC.07.15/06-10 VI^N N G H | £N CU'U NUOI T R O NG THUy SAN III BAG CAG CHUYEN e£ Ngudi thifc hifn: 1. KS. Nguyin Vin Nam
2. Th.S. Phan Ding Hing Theo hgrp ddng s6:
10/2008/HB-*T KC.07.15/06-10
Ngiy 01/07/2008 THUOC D E T AI Nghiin cdu cdng nghe, hf thdng thiit bj ddng bg nudi cic ddi tirgrng thuy sin
cd g ii trj kinh ti cao(nvdc ngot, igr mf n) MASO: KC.07.15/06-10 Nha Trang, Uiing 4/2009 Din nim 1994 sin lugng ci hii vin cia thi gidi di vugt sin lugng cic loii Idiie
tiong hg Salmonidae. Cie nude ding diu vi sin lugng ci hii vin li Chi 1€, Ph^, Dan
mach vi Italy chiim 48% sin lugng nam 1995 eia thi gidi. C^ nude nhu My, Anh, Dan
mach, Phip, Italy di chuyin ti phuong phip nuoi ci hii trong ao dit sang nudi ei hii
trong muong b£ tdng nude chiy. Phuong ph^) nay da giip giim bin cdng lao dfng, chim
sdc, thu hoacli, ding thdi ting sin lugng ei l£n 25 - 40% so vdi co sd nuoi ao dit si dyng
khii lugng nude nhu nhau. Vi vfy, 90% sin lugng ca hii nudi nude nggt eia thi gidi li
sin phim ti phuong phip nay (Jif&ey M. Hilshaw et al. 2004 ). Nhitag nam 2000s, cic
nude Chiu Au nhu Dan Mach, Nauy, Bi, Nga,... phit triin hinh thic nudi ci hii cdng
nghifp hxing hf thing kin tuin hoan vdi ning suit dat gip doi vi in dinh do kiim sdat
hdan tdan eic yiu ti mdi trudng. Hinh thic nuoi nay ddi hoi chi phi diu tu cao, thiet b;
hifn dai vi trinh df edng nghf ti£n tiin. Ap dyng hinh thic nudi trong he thing tuin hoan khep ldn d diiu kifn Vift Nam
vdi mic df diu tu viia phii ein phii ed su cii tiin mgt s6 thiit bi, trong do cd hf thing bi
di giim chi phi diu tu vi phi hgp vdi diiu Idfn nudi d cic dia phuang. Thiet ke cac Ipai be nuoi 1. BI nuSi thiromg phim &ig cSp mi6c d u^ khoan l3 NiiAcdipslu dai \^m wit rove oudc Bi.si dyng cho nudi ci hii, ci t^ theo hinh thie tuin hdan kin ed dang hinh
trdn. Tiong bi hinh trdn, Igi dyng ddng nude chiy cd hudng 11 tim di lim sach thinh bi.
Vft lifu lim bi li composite. The tich bi 21 m^ Si lugng bi di nuoi dat sin lugng 3000
kg/vy nu6i: 3000 kg ei/70 kg/m^/ 21 m'/bi = 2 bi. GiOa diy bi gin ing thoit nude ding
de thu gom nhitag chit thii ti ci hoic thic in thia. Ti dudi day len khoing 80 mm ing
thoit niy dugc dye ii (kich thudc 15 tiy thuf c vio giai doan ci nudi vi kich thudc thic
in) cd tic dyng rit nude d diy di dua cic chit thii trong bi ra ngoii. Nudcflioat Chlnbd cer BiythoUmiAc VmximiAc Hinh 1. Mo hinh cat ngang cua be nuoi Nude dugc cip vio bing ing din dit ngang trSn m^t bi cd dye l5. NhOng IS niy nim dii
xtmg nhmi. Nhttag tia nude ti nhiing 13 niy sS tao ngn ddng nude chiy trong bi. Ddng
nude tuin hoin trSn bi mit bi dugc hi trg bdi 4 diy syc khi. Ddng nude tuin hoin d diy
dugc tao ra nhd luong nude thio ra ngoii theo cing hudng vdi hudng nude c^ vio (md
ti trong bhih 1). Van day ding di thay nude trong bi. Van nay chi md di dua chit thii ra ngoii
sau khi cho in vi khi xi nude hoin toan trong bi. Phia trudc van diy cd mgt ing thdng.
Myc dieh cia ing thdng niy li di gii in dinh myc nude trong bi nudi Irong suit qui
trinh si dyng. 2. BI uomg ci bf t vi ci giing Bi composit hinh tiy trdn cd kich thudc Idiie nhau di uong cic giai dgan ci bf t
vi ci giing d mft dg Uiic nhau. Bi dugc d|lt ehhn iong nin cao trinh ding thdi khai
fliic ddng ty chiy. Si lugng g&na cin eho 3000 kg ci thjt loai 1 kg/eon li 3700 con (ti If
sing ti tring thy tuih din con gidng 250 con/kg li 80%).
si lugng bi si dung li: 8bix2001;
Sbi4001;
6 bi X 30001 (dudng kuih 2 m, cao 1,2 m). (xem hmh vS thiit ki eic igai bi kim theo) 3. Bi ling Igc chit thii rin, huyin phi Di qui hhih ling cic chit thii rin, huyin phi hifu qui, bi hinh h$p chi nhfflfp
phuong bing vft lifu xi ming, gach dft chim tiong nin ^t phi hgrp eao tilnh thiit ki duy
tri ddng chiy trong bi nhd hom Im/ phit (Midlen and Redduig, 2000 trang 115). Kich
fliudc bi thilt ki phu thufc vio luu tie nude tuin hdan vi difn tich fliiit difn cit ngang
vudng gdc vdi ddng chiy. Hifu suit ling dy kiin 70%. Nudi 3000 kg ci cin 30 kg thic
in cdng nghifp dang 40% protem (1% khii Iugng thin) fliii 7,5 kg TSS can difn tich
thiit difn ngang eia bi ling li 1,2 m^ Tring Igc dugc gin d bi ling di loai eic chit thii
rin kich thudc ldn hem. 4. BI Igc staih hgc Thiit bi di Idii amonia ting si do ci thii ra mdi tiudng bi nudi. Trong hf thing
Ige khi amonia dgc ti dang NHj, NH4 thinh NO3 (kh&ng df e vdi ci) nhd cic vi smh vft.
Chgn hf Igc co hgc, co chit li cit thd. Nuoi 3000 kg ci can 30 kg thie in cdng nghifp
dang 40% protein (1% khii lugng thin) seed 1,1 kg amonia ting si thii ra/ngiy vi nhu
vfy cin All tich bi igc ft nhit li 2,3 m3. Gia fliiet hifu suit Ige li 0,75 trong digu kifn 0,5
kg amonia ting si/kg co chit dugc ni to rit hda S.BlkhiC02 Ding di loai bd CO2 do ei fliii ra mdi tnidng bi nudi. Vi eo bin ciu tao cua thiit
bi khi CO2 la bi khi chia co cliit (media) kit hgp syc khi manh. Co chi thii CO2 dua
vio vifc tao ra cie khdang khdng gian tring (cd khi hoic chin khdng) xen kS giiia cic co
chit trong hi khi, CO2 dang khi sS thdat khdi mdi trudng nude di vio cic khdang tring
vi thdat ra mdi trudng khdng khi dudi sy ho tig cia ddng chiy, miy thii khi. Nudi 3000
kg ci cin 30 kg thic in edng nghifp dang 40% protein (1% khii lugmg thin) sS cd IS kg C02 fliii la/ngiy vi nhu vfy can flii tich bi khi it nhit li 0,9 m^ Gia thiit hifu suit fliii
C02 vio khdng khi liO,7S. 6. Hf tiling SVC khi: C^ bdn syc khi trong mdi bi dUgc bi tti ngay dudi v) tri nude vio
bi. Mii diu khi dugc bd tri fliinh 2- 3 eye di bgt nim dudi diy (hinh 2). Dudne Idii Mitnc^miy tonk Chinbi flijg^ Vanmetcliiiu Hhih 2. Hf thing sue khi trong bi nuoi 7.BilytimchitthiL Bi ly tim chit thii cd dung tich 500 lit d$t trong nhi. Mifng bi cd dudng kinh 1,3m, siu 0,9m. V) tri nude vio dugc bi tri nim giiia thinh bi vi nim dudi v) tri nude r (hhih 3). Hhih 3. So di bi ly tam vdi hf thing dp thoit nude. Nude chiy ti bi nuii vio bi ly tim qua van mft chiiu. Nhitag minh vyn chit
thii Idn sS dugc ling xudng d^ bi ly tim nhd vio tigng lye vi ddng nude xoiy. Chit
thii ling xuing s£ thoit qua ing thoit d diy. Nip Mnh clidp ndn d diy dugc d$t trfn 13
thoit nude diy di cin bdt nude thoit ra khi van diy md. 8. Bi Igc sinh hgc Nguyfn 1^ lioat dgng: Bi Igc sinh hgc cd tic dyng loai bd cic chit hita co ed nguin gic Nito. Vi khuin Nilrosotnonas sp. chuyin dii ammonia NH3 ti chit thii cia ci vi
thic in thia sang dang nitrite NO2', NO2' dugc chuyin sang dang nitrate NO3' nhd nhdm tiiic in fliira sang dang nitrite NO2', NOj' dugc chuyin sang dang nitiate NOs' nhd nhdm
vi khuin Nitrobacler sp. (Lawson, 1995). NhdddmihimlugmgammomaNHj trong
nude sg dugc giim thiiu xuing mie eho phfp. Qim tiinh chuyin hda nay xiy ra nhitag
phin ing hda hgc nhu sau: 1. NH4*+l'/202 -» 2H* + N02' + H20
2. N02" + '/202 -• NO3" Nitiate N03' sS duge chuyin la khdi bi nudi qua hf thing tuan hoin vi s6 dugc rau tiing
thiy canh si dyng nhu li chit dinh dudng hda tan di liip thu. Bi igc smh hge duge xiy bing xi ming, bfn trong bd In 3 ngin igc smh hgc. Ngin
thi nhit di nhiing co chit cd bi in§t ifng cho vi sinh vit bim nhu san hd, di dam, cit
ho$c ludi, tim nhya. Hai ngan edn lai dyng idp Igc sinh lige. Ldp Ige niy co ting difn
tich bi m^t ldn, khoing 500m^/m' eho vifc chuyin dii nitrogen eia vi khuin. Khl NH3
trong nude chiy qua Igc smh hgc cd ning df khoing S-10 ppm trong tuin diu tidn vi vi
khumi dugc dua vio hf thing. Mii buii sing, chit lugng nude dugc kiim tra vi df pH
trong bi chia dugc in djnh bing bft bicarbonate calcium (CaC03). Tii lifu tham khio BO N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N6NG THON B AO C AO CHUYEN DE " Nghien ciJru thiet ke va thuyet minh he tliong nuoi va cac
thiSt bj, dung cu nuoi bao ngu " VIEN NGHIEN ClTU NUOI TRONG THUY SAN HI Nguoi thuc hien: TS. Pham Hung Thing Theo hgp ding si:
01/2008/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-10
Ngay 1/07/2008 THUOC Bfe TAI Nghi£n ciucSng nghf, hf thong thiit bi ding bf nu6i cac dii tugrng thn^ san co gia
tri Idnh ti cao(nirdc nggt, Ig man) MASO: KC.07.15/06-10 Nha Trang, 10/2008 BAO CAO CHUYEN DE Myc Luc I. Mo ta phuong in thu chit thii ran va dio nude sue khi. 1. Sodimatbang 2. Giii thich cic nguyfn tic IL Cic thiit bi 1. Thiet hi tich chat thai ran 2. Thiet bj syc khi 3. Thiit bi diiu chhih mdi trudng Cum hit. Toin bg thiit bj rit don gian do dd qui trinh lip rap cung rit don gian.Cum hut dugc lip rip sin vi dugc tai tim cua vung chit thai mi thiit bj dao oxy gom
lai.Mgt diu dugc ndi vdi he thong dudng dng din len mieng bom. • Thin cua thiet bj dugc lip rap len gia dd va dugc gin len xe • Cic xiclon thanh phin dugc gin thinh cym nhu hinh chup tren va dugc gin vio thin. • He thing dng din nude dugc lip vao thiit bj. • d tren dugc gin ldp vi de ldp cat Igc theo dung thiit ki. • d tren dugc gin them vi chjn ldp cat. • Tren cing bf phjn thu hdi nude duge gin vio thin thiit bj. • Diu liy nude ra dugc gin vio dng nude va dugc thu hdi vi ao xu ly vi dan vi ao nudi. * Trudc khi vfn hinh vi si dyng thiit bj ta phai tiin hinh kiim tra he thing dudng dng hit tu diy ao nudi len thiet bj. Khoi chit van xa cin, van thdng ip. * Hoat dOng thift bj: - Bat cdng tic cho bom boat dgng, sau dd dieu chinh van nude vio thiit bj tach Igc. Nude da dugc Igc bit diu chiy ra ngoai thi ta md van
thdng ap. -Khi thiy trfn dudng ing thdng ip cd chit cin len li ta md van xi
can. Neu ddng hd do ip ting len li bg phin Igc cit bj tic ta tit bom tien
hinh Igc ngugc. Sau do ta tien hanh thuc hien qua trinh loc tiep tuc. -Tlieo djnh ky ta se tien hinh thay ldp cit Igc bing Idp cit mdi. * Luu y khi si dung: • Ve sinh toin bd he thong thiet trudc vi sau khi hoat dgng. Khi thiy tren van thong ip xuat hien can bin len ta tat cong tic bom de thiet bj
thuc hien qui trinh Igc ngugc.Ta md bg phin thu hdi nude ya kiem tra lop cat loc
neu thiy bin ta tiin hinh thay ldp cat. Thiet bj dugc thiet ke che tao dam bio cac yeu ciu ky thuit xong de thiet bi hoat dgng tdt hon cin: -Thudng xuyen ve sinh bg phin hut chat thai, phai cao sach bg phan hut. -Kiem tra cac bo phan dudng dng cua bg phin hut. -Kiem tra ldp cat Igc va thudng xuyen ve sinh thay the vi vat lieu de kiim. -Kiem tra he thdng roang eia thiet bj. -Cac bg phjn de bio quin vi sia chia. Hoat ddng theo trinh ty sau: -Kiim tra cac trinh tu lip rip. -Kiim tra dudng dng vi mdi bom -Ddng cdng tic dien cho bom hoat dgng -Theo ddi vi dieu chinh . Ban ve hudng dan si dung bam chuyfn dung khi dung dio nude- sue khi. Hop c h ia tg dign. Ong d in khi Cung cap nguon 220V 6ng d in hoa c h it Oaidc t r fn khl Canh bom d io nude Dgng D Vdng b io vf ', Yeu ciu doi vdi vifc si dung: - Viec van hanh bom' phii dugc dim bio dung yeu ciu ky thuit. - Khdng giy va cham qui manh inh hudng den dgng eo. - Trong qua trinh van hinh cin phii cd che do kiem tra de dim bio bom hoat dgng lien tuc vi cin an djnh thdi gian nghi cho bcrm ( 1 ngiy tinh 24h lim viec phii cho bom nghi 30 phut, cd the cho nghi khi cho vit nudi in). Khi bcrm khdng si dgng ntra cin phai lam sach sau thdi gian di dugc si dung. 220V di bom hoat dgng in djnh. • Kiem tra vj tri dit bom phu hgp dieu kien thuc te, khdng giy ke bcmi, cung nhu vudng vio cinh bom. Dit bom d vj tri cd dinh, de tao khi d vung day ta nen dit bcrm chech 30 do so vdi diy bom. ', Van hinh: • Bit aptdmat cung cip ngudn dien cho bcrm. • Khdn^ bom d myc nude qua thap vi rit dl lam hu hai md to do md to khdng dugc lim mit kjp thdi. • Qui trinh van hinh bom phii dugc kiem tra theo chi do thdi gian nhit djnh, moi ngiy cho nghi 15-30 phut. Vi bom lim viec trong mdi trudng nude bien nen trong qui trinh vfn hanh se cd hi va mgt sd chit ban cung nhu xic con nudi bam vio bom nen ta phii cd che do lim sach bom hang thing di bom hoat dfng ding nhu yeu ciu, dn djnh dat hifu qui cao. Sau thing cin phii thay the cac dai dc gi 1 lin de dim bao dg cing ving, dd bin cho phao vi gia da bom. Qui trinh diiu chinh bom khi si dung dugc thyc hifn bing each vjn dai dc trfn gia treo. Ching ta cd thi diiu chinh dg siu cia bcrm ti 1-1.5m khi syc khi. Trong qui trinh van hinh bam boat dgng trong mdi trudng nude biin nen cac dai dc bj in mdn nhanh nen thudng 6 thing phii dugc thay the 1 lin de dim bio dg ben vi dp dn djnh cho bcrm. Mgt si tic nhin mdi trudng nhu xic chet, hi... se bim vio cinh lim cinh nget cd the din din viec cinh quay chim lam cho qui trinh sue khi khdng dien la. Sia chia la hang thing phii lam sach cinh bom. Bam thudng cd hien tugng mit khi do ngudn dien cung cip bj sut ap. Vi viy cin phai cd bd dn djnh dien ip cho bcrm hoat ddng dung cdng suit. 3. Thift bj dieu chinh mdi trudng hi nuoi. Sa dd cdn tgo cua binh dinh luomg kiiu phao c iu tao: 1 -Phao (X6p) 7-Van tay (ding) 4-Thanh tnigt (Inox)
5-6ng hut 2-Than phao
3-Dai dc diiu chinh do cao 6-6ng noi ra van (Inox) Nhuyen ly lam vifc cua binh dinh lugng kiiu phao:
Dung dieh da pha trgn dugc dua vio binh dinh lugng.Dung dieh di theo ong hut 5 ra
ngoai qua van tay.Phao co thi trugt de dang doc thanh trugt dim bao khoing each H tir mat nude
din diu ing hut khong thay doi. Dudi ap lire cua cgl nude H va diu thdng hai dam bao cho dung dieh khong chay diU trong dng gay nen hien lugng co ap do chenh lech dp cao cua dong chat long phia tren vii dau ra
cua binh lam cho Imi lugng dau ra luon luon la khong doi. Yeu cau cua dau thong hoi la chieu cao phai ldn hon mirc nirdc trong be djnh lugng de dam bao do chenh lech ap suit do do cao H gay ra khong Idn hon ap lire cot ap trong dau thong
hai lam nude trao ra trqng dau thong hai. Ong din phai mim dam bao khi muc nude cua binh giam thi khoang each H van dugc dam bao, chat Idng chay ra den het. Kit qua la luu lugng dau ra cua chit Idng khong phu thugc mirc nude trong binh.
Khi muin thay ddi luu lugng dau ra cua dung dieh ta thay doi khoang each H cho phu hgp. * Uu diim cua thiit bi iKnh lugmg kieuphao: Co thi hoa trdn dugc cac loai hoi chit khac nhau.
Chiu dugc mdi trudng nude bien.
Kit cau don gian.
Diiu chinh dugc lugng dung djch cip vao nude QM = 0,5%o Qp.
Lien kit dugc vdi thiit bi dio nude- syc khi
Tao dugc lugng hoi chit deu vao trong ao nuoi ke ca ting diy.
De su dung.
Phu hgp vdi mo hinh nudi tdm thim canh, qui mo trang trai.
Phu hgp vdi diiu kien sin xuit trong nude.
Dua them lugng khdng khi vio ao. * Nhupc diim cua thiit bj: Chi hoa trgn dugc cic hoa chit dudi dang long, dl tan trong nude.
Khi muc nude trong binh cdn khoang 2-5 cm luu lugng diu ra khong cdn chinh xic do
khoang eich H bi thay dii khi phao cham day binh. cong dung cua thiet bi. > Si dung thiit bi dinh lugng kiiu phao.
> Dinh lugng chinh xac lugng hoi chit dua vao ao.
> Co thi kit hgp vdi bom dao nude sue khi de lugng
hoa chit phin tan nhanh va diu vio trong ao{ke ca
tang day).
> Cung cip them ham lugng oxy trong nude ao. Quy trinh su dung.
> Kiem tra ducmg ong dan dung djch dau lap vai thiet
bi sue khi va dau lap rap voi van dieu tiet thilt bj,
kiem tra he thong phao.
> Do dung dieh hoa chat da duac pha ehe vao thiet bi.
> Khi nao thiet bi xuc khi hoat dpng thi thiet bi moi
ho?t dong.
> Tuy vao eae thong so moi truong ao nuoi ma diiu
chinh van cho phii hgp.
> Khi khong can sir ly ta khoa van thilt bj.
> Trong qua trinh su dyng thiet bj co sir co cdn sira
chQa va thay the xong moi cho thiet bj hoat dong Bao quan va sira chira:.
> Kiem tra thuong xuyen tinh trang lam viec cua phao, he thong van dieu tiet, duong ong
dan dung dieh.
> Kiem tra ve sinh ong din, van dieu tiel, phao dinh Iirgfng dinh ky tranh hien tugng dung
djch bj tac. Sa do thet hi dinh htunfi ket hap bam dao nirac .sue khi Binh dinh lugng Bom ehuyen dyng Thiet kl hf th6ng tich chit th&i rknyh IQC sinh hQc trong
hf th6hg nuoi tuiiii hoan Ngudi thuc hifn: ThS. Le Trung Ky THUOC Bt TAI NgbiSn ciucdng nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nuSi cic dii tugrng thu^ sin c6 gii
tr| kinh ti cao^nirde nggt, Ig m^n) MAS6: KC07.1S/06-10 Nha Trang, 4/2009 BO NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6N VIEN NGHIEN ClTU NUOI TRONG THUY SAN HI TSn dl tii: NghiSn c iu cdng nghf, hS th6ng thilt hi dong bd nuoi cac ddi tirgmg thuy san cd gii tri kinh te eao (nirdc nggt, Igr, m$n) BAG CAO CHUYEN DE Thilt Kl Hf ThSng Tach ChSt Thai RSn va Loc Sinh Hoc Trong Hf Th6ng Nuoi Tuan Hoan Masddetii: KC.07.15/06-10 Chu nhifm dl tii/dg- an: PGS. TS. Ngnyin Thi Xuan Thu Ngudi chu tri thyc hifn chuyen dl: ThS. L6 Trung Ky Thugc CO qnan/don vi: Vifn NghiSn ciu Nudi trJng Thuy sin HI NhOng ngudi ph6l hgrp thuc Men: 1. TS. Truomg Hi Phuong Nha Trang, 4/ 2009 Myc Lgc I. M d d iu 3 4 H. Phuorng phap nghien c iu HI. Ket qui nghiSn e iu 4 3.1. So dd tdng thS hf thdng nudi tuin hoin 4 3.2. Bd nudi bio ngu 5 3.3. He thdng loc sinh hgc 6 3.3.1. Bl loc eit 6 3.3.2. BI chia co chit nhua-san ho 7 7 3.4. Miy bom nude 3.5. Binh igc hda hgc 8 8 3.6. Cic lei Igc 3 . 7 . B g x i l y UV 8 3.8. Bg phan k hi CO2 8 3.9. Ldng nudi bio ngu 8 9 TV. Thao luan IV. Ket luan vi kiln nghi 10 V. Tai lieu tham khao 11 I. Mar dau Trong xu the ngiy cing phit triin manh me cia nginh cdng nghigp nudi trdng thiy sin, mdt vin dl quan trgng dugc dit ra li sir phit triin niy phii dim bio di ddi vdi su phit triin bin vOng vl mat sinh thii nhim ngin ngia su suy thoii mdi trudng va dam bio cho su phit teiln bin vttng cua cdng nghiep nudi trdng thiy sin trong tuomg lai. Hien nay cd nhiiu hmh thic nudi trdng thiy sin khic nhau, trong dd nudi tuin hoin dang dugc xem li hinh thic nudi phi hgp vi dung theo nguydn tic cia su phit triin bin vttng vl mat sinh thii. Vifc ip dgng he thdng nudi tuin hoin cho nudi thim canh vdi mat dg eao khdng edn mdi la. Uu diim cila h? thdng nudi tuin hoan di dugc nhiiu tii ligu dl cap din, nhu tiet kiem ngudn nude sach tu nhien, gdp phin ban chi d nhiem mdi trudng, chu ddng quin l^ mdi trudng nudi va dieh bfnh. He thdng nudi tuin hoan thudng dugc thilt kl dl nudi mgt sd lugng ldn vit nudi trong mgt thi tieh nude tuong ddi nhd ndn trong hf thing nudi tuin hoin Nito thudng tdn lai d mic do rat cao. Vat nudi thii Nito ra mdi trudng nudi dudi dang amonia cd hai ddi vdi vit nudi. Vi du nhu amonia d ndng dd 1,69 mg/L cd thi giy chit d tdm su (Penaeus monodon) (Allen, Maguire & Hopkins 1990) [1]. Nudi tuin hoin li qua trinh si d\mg lai phin ldn ho$c 100% Iugng nude trong sudt qui trinh nudi. Tuy nhidn, trudc khi si dung ki lugng nude niy ein phii dugc xi ly. Mgt trong nhOng cdng vifc quan trgng cin dugc xi ly li chuyin amonia thinh nitrate (it dgc ddi vdi vgt nudi) (Midlen & Redding 2000) [2]. Ti nhttng phin tich trdn cho thiy vin de khi amonia ddng vai trd quyet dinh ttong bf thdng nudi tuin hoin. Hay ndi each khic, he thdng nudi tuin hoan phii dim bio bao gdm cac bd phin cd thi thuc hien duge chic ning chinh la khu amonia. Vl co bin mgt bf thdng nudi tuin hoin cd ba bd phan chinh: hf thdng bl nudi, bg p h^ Igc co hgc (Igc chit thii rin) va bg ph^ Igc sinh hgc (khi amonia) (Stickney 1994) [3]. Bao cio nay md ti thilt kl mdt hf thdng nudi tuin hoin khSp kin vi cic thilt bi dung cu di kem phye vii dyng cho nudi bio ngu. .- Co sd tinh toin khi ning khi amonia cia hf thdng Igc sinh hgc ip dung phuomg phip udc tmh cia Timmons vi cdng su (2001) [4]: 6 nhift do 25 - 30°C, vi khuin tdn tai trdn 1 m^ co chit dang hat (nhu eat, da) cd thi khi duge it nhit 1 kg amonia/ngay. Cung d nhift dg trdn, vi khuin tdn tai tten 1 m^ co chit cd bl mat phing (nhu cic tim nhya) cd thi khi dugc 2 g amonia/ngiy. - Co chit dugc lya chgn cho vi khuin phit triin ttong he thdng loc sinh hgc Ii san hd, nhya, cat vi di cugi. - Dinh gii hieu qua si dung den UV: DI dinh gii tic dung cua den UV, mdt thi nghifm nhd dugc thyc hifn nhu sau; Liy 3 miu nude da xi ly bing den UV va 3 miu nude khdng xi ly (miu ddi chiing). Mdi miu nude liy 0,1 ml nude ciy ttdn mdi dia petti ed chia mdi trudng dinh duong agar dl kiim tta sy phit ttiin cia vi khuin tdng sd. Tit ci 6 dia petti dugc dat d diiu kifn mdi trudng nhift dd phdng. Sau khi ciy 24 gid tien hinh xic djnh vi khuin ting sd, don vj tfnh Ii cfu/ml. Cac bd phin ciu thinh nen hf thing nudi tuin hoin dugc thilt kl xiy dyng bao gdm: hai bl nudi 30 m'/bl, hai bl chia nude 300 m^ (dit rieng ngoii ttdi), mft hf thong Igc sinh hgc 50 m' (gdm bl Ige eit chia co chit cit-san hd-di vi bl chia co chit nhya-san hd), mdt bl Igc co hgc 9 m', mdt miy bom, mgt binh Igc hda hgc, ba ldi loc tinh, mgt bg xi ly UV va mgt bf phin tach khi CO2 dl ning ha ldng nudi (cd chuyen dl nghien ciu ridng vl hf thing cin tryc niy). Bg B^ nu6i bio ngu (30 m') k hi
CO2 2m lOu 5iL lu B6 xii Iv UV Binh IQC
hda hoc Cic ldi IQC May
bom Van® B€ IQC sinh hQc ch\ia ca chat nh\ra vi san hd Be Be chia co chat
nhya
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cat Hinh 1. Mat bing hf thong tuan hoin nudi bio ngu BI nudi bio ngu dugc tliilt kl xiy dyng cd cao trinh eao hon cic bg phin khic cia hf thdng nudi, do dd nude se ty chay ti bl nudi qua be ige cit. Tu bl Igc cit nude chay qua bl chia co chit nhya - san hd, bl niy thdng vdi bl chia nude. Ti bl chia nude, nude dugc bom ttd lai bl nudi, khep kin vdng tuin hoin. 3.2. BS nudi bao ngu BI nudi bio ngu cd ciu tao hinh pheu (Hinh 2.) vdi sic chua tdi da li 30 m'/bl. Nhd cd ciu tao hinh phiu cua bl nudi, thuc in thua vi chat thii ti bio ngu di ding dugc ddng nude chiy day ra khdi bl nudi di ra bl Igc cit. I.7ni 2 nT ^ ^ ; j^ Hinh 2. M$t cit bl nudi bao ngu 3.3. Hf thdng Ige sinh hgc Bfi I9C cdt Cau tao he thdng Igc sinh hgc dugc trinh biy d Hinh 3., bao gdm bl Igc cit chia co chit eat-san hd-di vi bl chia co chit nhya-san hd. Sanhfi o-Cr o O'saa-asf o -o CH Be chia ca chat Be chia ca chat nh\ra va san h6 - 1.5 m Hinh 3. Mat cit hf thdng Igc sinh hgc 3.3.1. Bl Igc cit c iu tao bl igc cat dugc md ti d Hinh 4. Be niy chia tdng cfng 4 m' co chit. Ngoii ra bl loc cit edn cd tic dyng nhu la bl Ige co hge, tai diy chit thii rin se dugc dua ra ngoii he thdng tuin hoan. Khoing khdng chia nude Cat0 0,1-0,4 mm San h6 dii 20 -50 mm Dd cu$i dii 40 - 80 mm Hinh 4, Mat cit be Igc cit 3.3.2. BI chira co chat nhua-san ho (3 diy cua bl chia ca chit nhua vi san hd dugc bd tri 7 m' san hd (dai tu 10 din 50 mm), ttong khi dd mat tten cua bl ed 12 khung tteo ca chit nhya (Hinh 5.). Mdi khung treo chia 20 tim nhya. 6 bl chia eo chit nhua cd thdm 10 khung treo co chit nhya. Khung nhua noi Khung dd CO chit . Ca chSt nh\ra 45 x 45 cm Di hot 0 21. dai 40 cm *.\>itelJtitel«teWlffl>aia«taS Hinh 5. Khung tteo co chit nhya (chia 20 tim nhya) 3.4. M iy bom nude Miy bom nude cd mi lye I HV va dudng kich hf thing dudng dng din nude cd 0 = 42 mm, tjo ra tdc dg ddng chiy 0,78 L/giay. Vdi tdc dg ddng chiy niy dam bio nude ttong bl nudi dugc ttao ddi > 100%/ngay. 3.5. Binh Igc hda hgc Binh Igc hda hgc cd thi tich 0,33 m' chia 75 kg than hoat tinh, cd tie dyng khu cic chit hda hgc sin sinh ra ttong hf thdng nudi tuin hoin. 3.6. Cac 191 Igc Nude sau khi ra khdi bhih Igc hda hgc sg di qua 3 ldi Ige tinh cd kich thudc lin lugt la 10, 5 vi 1 p. Diy Ii mdt bd phin Igc co hgc, cd tie dyng loai bd cic min ba httu co chua phin hiy ttong he thdng tuin hoin. 3 . 7 . B g x i l y UV Bd xi 1^ UV Ii 2 den cyc tim cd tic dyng tieu diet cie tic nhin gay benh 00 ngudn gdc la vi sinh vit. Kit qui thi nghifm vl hieu qui si dung den UV: Vi khuin tdng sd duge xic djnh d miu nude cd xi ly UV trung binh la 16,7 ± 5,6 cfu/ml, ttong khi vi khuin tdng s6 dugc tim thiy d miu nude ddi ching ttTing binh Ii 89 ± 15,6 cfii/ml. 3.8. Bd p h in khu CO2 Bg ph|n khu CO2 dugc thilt kl gdm 1 thing phuy nhya cd thi tich 120 L, bdn ttong chia cic hat nhya xdp. Nude tnrdc khi chiy ttd lai be nudi sg chiy qua bg phin k hi CO2, tai diy nude ti tten chay xudng ttong khi O2 ti dudi dugc diy Idn lim xio ttdn eic hat nhya lim tang difn tieh tiip xic gitta khdng khi vi nude. Kit qui Ii ham lugmg O2 hda tan ttong nude se dugc gia ting, ddng thdi mgt phin khi CO2 se dugc diy ra ngoai. 3.9. Long nudi bao ngu Cd hai loai ldng dugc thilt kl gdm ldng chtt nhit vi ldng ttdn. Ldng chtt nh?t cd kich thudc chiiu dai 600 mm, rgng 300 mm va eao 109 mm, dg diy ttung binh cia Idng li 4,5 mm, mdi Idng cd ttxjng Iugng 1,2 kg. 6 mft mjt ben cia long nudi cd mdt nip cia lim noi cho in, vf smh vi kiem tta bio ngu, cd kich thudc 7 cm x 12 cm. Cac Id rdng 0 = 10 mm lam nhifm vy thdng khi ttong qui ttinh nudi vi thoit nude khi nhic Idng ISn khdi mit nude. Ldng ttdn cd dudng kinh 400 mm, cao 86 mm, do day ttung binh ciu Idng Ii 4,5 mm vi cd ttgng lugng 0,88 kg. Mit diy cia Idng cd cic Id 0 = 22 mm, cd tic dyng lam thdng khi vi thoit nude. Cho di si dyng Idng nudi nio thi ching ciing dugc xip chdng thinh 4 ting ttong be dd tan dyng thi tich bl nudi. Ldng nudi dugc tteo ttong bl nudi eich nhau 50 em, eich mat nude 20 cm vi eich diy 30 cm. Trong qui ttinh nudi bio ngu, cd hai dang chit thii chinh cd thi giy hai eho vat nudi dugc tao ra la amonia vi CO2. Vi khuin Nitrosomonas vi Nilrobacter tdn tai trdn bl mat cua co chit d ttong hf thing Igc sinh hgc se ehuyen amonia dang dfc td (NH3 vi NH,*) sang dang it dgc (NOs'). Ddi vdi CO2, bO phJn khi CO2 cing vdi qua teinh sue khi vi ddng chiy ttong hf thdng Igc sinh hgc cd tic dyng day CO2 ra khdi nude. Kha ndng khit ammonia cua hf thdng tuSn hoin Hf thdng Igc sinh hgc chia 9,7m' co chit dang hat (bao gdm 7,3 m' san hd, 1,8 m' cit vi 0,6 m' di), va khoang 200 m^ co chit nhua. Theo phuong phip udc tinh cia Timmons vi cdng sy (2001) [4] thi hf thdng loc sinh hgc niy cd thi khi dugc 10,1 kg amonia/ngiy. Ben canh he thdng Ige sinh hgc thi cic bd phin Igc co hgc nhu bl Igc cat vi cic loi igc tinh cung cd tac dyng loai bd ammonia thdng qua hinh thuc Ii loai bd chit thii ran ra ngoii he thdng tuin hoin. Gia si be loc cit vi cic ldi Ige tinh ed thi loai bd duge 50% him lugng ammonia do qua ttinh nudi thii ra (dya theo tii lifu eua Stickney 1994) [3], thi toan bd hf thdng toin hoan cd thi khu dugc 20,2 kg ammonia/ngay. NSng l^c cua hf thSng nuoi: Cimg theo each tmh cia Timmons vi cdng sy (2001) [4], niu Iugng ammonia thii ra ttong ngiy bing 3% Iugng thie in cho in (ddi vdi thuc in cd him lugng protein li 25%), thi hf thdng nudi cd thi duy tti dugc ndng df ammonia d mic an toan (< 0,02 mg/L) khi Iugng thic an cho in khdng vugt qua 673 kg/ngay. Gii si rong ciu cd him lugng protein 16,5% (nhu kit qui phan tich eia Mai Duy Mmh & Hoing Thj Ngge (2005) [5]) dugc si dung lim thuc in cho bio ngu vi khiu phan eho in li 30% ttgng Iugng thin, thi he thdng nudi cd the nudi duge 3505 kg bio ngu. HiSu qud cia vigc sit dyng den UV: Trong he thdng nudi niy, bf phin xi ly bing den UV dugc si dyng nhim muc dieh tieu diet cac mim bf nh tiim ting ed ngudn gdc Ii vi sinh vat dit biet Ii vi khuan vi vi rit. Benh do vi khuin va vi rut giy ra nhttng thift hai nghiem tegng ttong nudi ttdng thiy sin, dit biet Ii ttong nudi thim canh mjt df cao va trong hf thdng nudi toin hoin. Mgt ttong nhimg bifn phip Idim soit dieh bfnh hieu qui dugc ip dyng rfng rii hifn nay Ii si dyng den UV. Anh sing eia den UV s6 lim tdn hai cic sinh vit mft eich tryc tiep hoic giin tiip qua vifc lim thay dii acid nucleic. DNA cia sinh vit hip thu bic xa ti den UV din din hinh thinh sin phim cia phin ing quang hgp. Diiu niy lim cho sy sao chep DNA khdng diin ra hoJc din din hau qui Ii lim biin tinh cic tl bio con lam ehung mit khi ning nhin ddi (Stover et. al. 1986) [6]. Trong thi nghifm eia ehing tdi tdng so vi khuin d miu nude khdng qua xi 1^ bing den UV gip hon 5 lin tong sd vi khuin d miu nude duge xi ly qua On UV. Nhu v|y vifc si dyng den UV cd thi tidu dift duge khoing 80% Iugng vi khuin cd ttong nude, do dd si dyng ddn UV la mft ttong nhung bifn phip phdng bfnh hifu qui eho vit nudi. Hf thdng nudi toin hoin vdi bl nudi 30 m', cd bl chua nude 300 m', cd he thdng Igc smh hgc 50 m' (chia co chit eit, san hd, di vi nhua), cd be loc co hgc 9 m', vi cd bg phan loc hda hgc, bg phin Igc tmh, bg xi ly UV, bg phjn khi CO2 va cd tdc dg ddng chiy 0,78 L/giiy se nudi dugc 3505 kg bio ngu. [1] Allen, GL, Maguire, GB & Hopkins, SJ 1990, 'Acute and chronic toxicity of ammonia to juvenile Metapenaeus tnaeleayl and Penaeus monodon and influence of dissolved-oxygen levels', Aquaculture, vol. 91, pp. 265-80. [2] Midlen, A & Redding, TA 2000, Environmental Management for Aquaculutre, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. [3] Stickney, RR 1994, Principles of Aquaculture, John Winley & Sons, Inc., New York. [4] Timmons, MB, Ebelmg, JM, Wheaton, FW, Summerfelt, ST & Vinci, BJ 2001, Recirculating aquaculture system, , Cayuga Aqua Ventures, New York. [5] Mai, Duy Minh & Hoing, Thj Ngge, 2005. Thi nghifm nudi bao ngu Haliotis asinina bing eic loai thuc in khic nhau vi nudi gh6p bao ngu vdi hii sim Holothuria seabra. Tuyin tip bao cio khoa hgc - Hdi thio ddng v|t thin mim toan qudc, lin thi 4. Nhi xuat bin Ndng nghifp, 395- 402. [6] Stover, EL, Haas CN, Rakness KL & Seheible OK 1986, 'Design manual. Municipal wastewater disinfection', EPA/625/1-86/021. U.S. Environmental protection agency, center for environmental research information, Cincinnati, OH. B AO CAO CHUYEN B^ Ngnjyi Oufc hifn: TS Nguyin Quic An Theo h(rp ding s£:
02/2008/Iffi)-DT KC.07.15/06-10
Ngiy 1/07/2008 THUOC D 6 T AI NghiSn ciu cdng nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nuSi cac dii tugmg thu^ san cd gii trj I cao (nvdc nggt, Ig mfn) M A S 6: KC.07.15/06-10 Nha Trang 2008 Muc Luc 3 I. Mddiu 4 H. c iu true he thing nudi chu trinh kin Cic don nguyen chu yiu teong hf thong nudi ca chu trinh kin gdm 4 HI. YSu cau nhifm vy thiet ke 5 3.1 Yeu ciu vl ngudn nude 9 3.2 Thilt bj eung cip dxy: 10 12 3.3 Thilt b) khi CO2 3.4 Hf thing khi chat thii rin (Igc co hgc): 13 3.5 Hf thing igc smh hgc: 14 3.6 Thilt bi khi teing: 16 3.6.1 Thilt bi chiiu tia eye thn 16 3.6.2 Miy sin xuit ozone vi eich si dyng 17 IV. Danh muc cic h?ng myc ding cho hf thing cip vi xi li nude 18 19 V. Kit luan Tii liSu tham khao 20 L M d d ^u Nudi ca ttong hf thing nudi chu trinh kin bay cdn ggi la nudi nude tuin hoin cd lich si ti giOa nhimg nim ,50 cia the ky trudc, nhung chi may chuc nim ted lai day nd mdi dugc si dyng rfng rai de nudi ci thuong phim. Day la phuong phap nudi tich eye vdi mft df cao vi cho in bang thie an chd bien theo phuong phip cdng nghifp, ttong dd nude nudi duge xi ly vi si dyng lai (mft phin hoac toin bd). Hinh thic nudi niy khi da dang vi ludn dttge cii tiin toy thugc vao myc dieh vi diiu kifn nudi ting noi. Dac diim chinh cia hf thing nudi niy ding theo ten cia nd cd nghia la nudi tt^n dit liin, nude chay qua cic bl nudi sau dd chiy qua hf thing xi ly nude rdi si dung lai. Tuy nhidn vin phii bd sung mft lugng nude sach (khoing 5 - 10%) ti ben ngoii dl bi dip hao hut do qui trinh bay hoi, igc vi xi li. Nudi nude tuin hoin dugc ip dyng dl nudi nhiiu loii ci khic nhau nhu rd phi, ca ;hinh, ci hdi, ci chep, ca taylt, ca nheo v.v... Ngoii ra, nd eung dugc si dyng dl nudi eic oil giip xac die bift li tdm, cie loai nhuyin thi nhu bio ngu v.v...thu dugc hifu qua cao ei ih nang suit smh hgc vi hifu qua kinh tl. Tuy nhien, ttdn thi gidi rit it tii lifu ndi vl nudi ci tim thuong pham teong chu trinh in. Xet vl mit nguyen Ij thi nudi ca tim khdng khic gi lim so vdi nudi cie loii ci khic. Sd 1 hinh thie nudi niy chua dugc si dung rfng rai dl nudi ca tam cd the li: • Thjt ca tim khdng phii li loai lim thuc phim duge si dung rdng rii ttSn thi gidi. i tim li mdn an teuyin thing eia ngudi Nga nhung hg chi in vio cic dip li tet vi gii ci m dit hon nhiiu so vdi cac ioji thyc phim khic. Cic nude Au My khao hiu nhu chi nudi ^ liy tring chi khdng nhim myc dieh nudi thit. • Diy li nhttng loii ed kich thudc ca thi khi ldn, ddi hdi phii nudi trong cie bl dung i ldn vi dau tu cao ndn it ngudi cd khi ning dau tu vio linh vyc nay. Them vio dd, hifu S kinh tl eia hhih thic nudi nay ddi vdi ci tam thuong phim cdn ehua dugrc lim id. Trong hf thong nudi ehu trinh kin thi vifc cip vi igc nude la khiu ky thuft quan tegng dau tidn ein dugc giii quyit dl cd the duy tti chi dd nudi nay ttong thdi gian dii vdi mit dd cao. Vi vay yeu ciu eia dl tii d|it ra Ii: "Thih ki hf thdng cung cip loc vd xCt ly nude phifc vif cho he thong nudi ed tdm cdng nghiep chu trinh km". Dl tbda man yen eiu neu la can hiiu ro nguyen li boat ddng vi qui md cia hf thdng mi dl tii dat ra. II. c iu true hf thing nuoi ehu trmh kin C^ don nguyen chi yiu teong hf thing nudi ca chu trinh kin gdm; (1) BI nudi ci (2) Bl chia chit thii (3) Bl Ige smh hgc (4) Hf thing cip dxy vdi cie dau phun (5) Mft so may bom cip nude tuin hoin. (6) Cic thilt hi khic nhu: hf thing ning nhift, hf thong lim mit, hf thing khi trung bang tia cyc tim hoac dzdn vi hf thing dhilu sang, thilt hi ty ddng kiim tea chit lugng nude v.v... Nhihig thilt bi niy cd hay khdng sg phy thufc vio yeu ciu cy thi eia nhifm vy sin xuit £it ra. T hi ty bi tei cac don nguyen cd thi dugc sip xip theo t hi tu nhu sau:: Nguin nude da dugc xi Ii phi hgp nhu ciu mdi trudng nudi ca dugc cap ti bl chia chiy ty dgng hoac bom vio hf thong bl nudi ca. Nude ti cac bl nudi ei dem theo chit thii tin vi chit thii hoi tan trong nude duge thu gom chiy qua hf thing Ige co hge dl loai t ri :ic chit thii rin: nhu thic in thia, phin, xic ci chit (niu uong ci gidng v.v...). Sar lude duge din qua bg Igc sinh hgc dl loai tti NH3 vi mdt si chit dgc hda tan khio. M hong cip dxy va k hi COj dugc d$t sau hf thing Igc smh hgc. (3 day nude dugc tam c huan khiit dl si dung lai. Tuy nhien, tiy diiu kifn va yeu eiu cy thi ed thi lip thei thong kh4 trung bang ozone ho|c tia circ tim tnrackbi dua vao hi ch6a rfii cung cip tra lai
cho hS th6ng binuoi ca (Hinh 1). Hinh 1 So di nguySn li duomg nude cip cho hf thing nudi nude tuin hoin m. YSu ciu nhifm vy thilt kl Ydu ciu nhifm vu thilt kl dl ra la tinh toin dl nudi 20 tin ci tam. Didu niy cd nghia
la hf thing cip nude phii dim bao diy di nude dat tieu ehuin eho cic bl nudi ci lie eao nhit Ii 20 tin ci tbjt (vi d giai doan ca giing biomass cia hf thing se thip hon nhiiu so vdi 20 tin lie xuit bin). Can ci theo ydu ciu cia nhifm vy thilt kl ching tdi tinh toin cy thi chi tieu eho ting cong doan theo Vayne H. va cgng tic vidn (2004) dvmg eho hf thing nudi chu ttinh kin tiong nude nggt d bing 1. Cic tham si teong bing 1 cd thi thay doi dl cd thi ap dyng cho vifc nudi cic loii ei khac nhau va yen ciu vl ning suit chit lugng sin phim khic nhau. Ching tdi cin ci vio yeu ciu cia nhifm vy thilt kl ding thdi can ci vio eic chi tidu ve chat lugng nude vi nguin thic in ci tim dya theo HpooitypeHKO H.B. (2005) dl tinh toan cic tidu chi cy thi cho cie cdng doan ehi yiu cia hf thing. Vdi each tinh nay ching ta CO thi hy vgng nd se dap iing duge tidu chi mi dl tai dat ra. Tuy nhidn, do dac diim smh hgc ei tim nudi ttong diiu kifn Vift Nam cd thi cd nhiiu sai khic so vdi vifc nudi tai ving nguyen gic nen trong qui trinh nudi cd thi phai cd nhung filu chinh thich hgp. Bangl Tinh toan nhu ciu cac cong do^n nudi ca tam trong hf thing nuoi nworc tuin hoan (ding cho hf thing cdng suit 21 tin/nim) 1 Cac chi tiSu Cdng thic tinh Bonvj Gia
tri 2 A B D C 3 1. Kich thudc bl va Sinh khii 4 Nude bl siu 1 m 5 Thi tich bl m3 10 6 30 silugng bl cii 70 7 Mat dd tii da kg/m3 3 8 Kg/con Trgng lugmg ei tnmg bhih 7000 9 con Ting si ca khi thu hoach 21000 B8*B9 1
0 Smh khii ca (max) teong hf thing kg 1
1 2. Khiu phin thue an % biomass 1
2 0.015 Khiu phin hing ngay B10*B12 1
3 315 Lugng eho an hing ngay kg 1
4 3. Ting lugmg amonia (TAN) 0.4 1
5 Him lugng protem trong thic an 0.065*B13*B15 kg/ngay 1
6 8.19 TAN phit smh mg/1 2 TAN cho phdp ttong bl nudi 1 7 1
8 Nitrat hda tu nhien (ben ngoii bg Igc) 0.1 Ti If % Tong lugng niteat hda ty nhidn mdi
ngiy 1
9 0.819 kg/ngiy B16'»B18 TAN cdn lai phii xi li 2
0 7.371 kg/ngiy B16-B19 2
1 Ham lugng N03 tdi da cho phep 150 mg/1 Lugng nude cin tliay dl duy tri N03
on dinh 2
2 49.14 m3/ngiy 1000*B20*B21 2
3 TAN qua Igc sinh hgc sau igc co hgc 7.27 kg/ngiy B20-
(B17/1000)*B22 2
4 Hifu suit bd Igc sinh hgc 0.5 Lugng nude phii thay de gitt Amonia
In dinh 2
5 7272.7
2 m3/ngay (B23)/(B24*(B 17/10
00)) 2
6 300 Hay la m3/gid 2
7 4. Lgc sinh hge 2
8 0.4 Gii thilt ti If nittit hda g
TAN/m2/ngi
y m2 2
9 18181.
8 B23/(B28/1000) Tuong img vdi difn tich bl m$t ein
thilt 3
0 200 m2/m3 Difn tich bl mit lm3 chit lim gia thi
(cat) m3 3
1 B29/B30 90.91 Ting the tich gii the 3
2 5. Lgc CO hgc 0.25 Ti If chit thii rin so vdi lugng thic an 3 3 3
4 Lugng thii rin thii ra ttong ngiy kg/ngiy 78.75 B13*B33 3
5 Ti If chit thii rin gitt lai do lgc co hgc 0.5 3
6 Lugng chit thai rin ra khdi Igc co hgc kg/ngay 39.38 B35*(l-B35) 3
7 Ham Iugng huyin phi eho phep cdn lai 25 mg/1; (g/m^) 39.38 3
8 kg/ngay B34*B35 Lugng chit thai rin gitt lai do bg lgc co
hgc 0.5 Hifu suit bg lgc eo hgc 3
9 m3/ngiy 3150 Lugng nude phii thay dl giam huyin
phu 4
0 B38/(B39*B37/1000
) B40/24 131.25 4
1 m3/gid Hay la 4
2 6. Cin hang dxy 0.3 Ti If dxy can bd sung khi cho 1kg thic
an 4
3 B13'B43 kg/ngay 94.5 4
4 Ting Iugng dxy cin bd sung mg/1 7 4
5 Him Iugng dxy cin cd ttong bl mg/I 14 4
6 Him lugng dxy dua vio hf thdng 4.57*B19 kg/ngay 3.74 4
7 flxy tidu hao do niteat hda ty nhien 4.57*B23*B43 kg/ngiy 9.97 4
8 fixy tieu hao teong bd lgc sinh hgc B44+B47+B48 kg/ngiy 108.21 4
9 Ting lugng dxy cin bd sung B49/24 kg/gid Hay li 4.51 5
0 B53/1.33 3.39 m3/gid Hay li 5
1 Ghi chu:
1. Cat! cu di tinh todn Id theo yeu edu ciia di tdi nudi cd tdm trong chu trinh kin cd cap dxy
nguyen ehdt. Luang cd trong be nuoi luc cao nhdt dat miic 21 tdn.
2. Nhu cdu dxy theo tinh todn di nudi 21 tdn cd trong hf thdng cdn khodng 4,5 kg dxy/gia.
Tuy nhien theo IIpocKypeHKo KB, (BHHPO ) cd thi litftng dxy ndy hai thdp. Doi vdi cd tren
nOOg thi nhu cdu dxy cua nd nen vdo khodng 220mg/kg/gid. Tuc id neu nuoi 21 tan cd nhu
trong bdng ta cdn tai 4,6 kg dxy/gid edng vdi 0,56 kg/gid cho bd loc sinh hoc vd nitrat hda
tu nhien..
3. Mat dd cd thd phfi thudc vdo dd hda tan dxy ddu vdo vd khd ndng thtty nude cua h? thdng.
Trong trudng /ipp d day su di/ng ngudn cdp dxy nguyen ehdt nen ed the tdng mat do thd cao
han nkg/m.
4. Bi nudi cd d giai doan cudi ti le bd sung nude hdng ngdy Id 10%. Tuy nhien ti le ndy se
thdp han nhiiu khi nudi d ede giai doan trude do (phu thuqc vdo lugmg thue dn dua vdo). Cin ci vao si lifu tinh toan d bing 1 ta thilt kl cho ting cdng doan cu thi nhu sau: 3.1 YSu cin ve nguin nude Ngudn nude si dyng cip cho chu trinh km phai li ngudn nude sach khdng bj 6 nhiem I'i mang ngudn bfnh. Vi viy, teinh dung nude mat nhu nude sdng suii hoic ao hd ma si iVing nude ngim tu giing khoan hoac cung lam li dung nude suii sach ti cic nguon nii cao. :;iing cd thi si dung nude miy thanh phd dl nudi ci nhung ttude khi si dyng phii khi du ugng cio vi mgt so hoi chit khic. Theo bang 1 ta cin luong nude cip thudng xuyen chay qua he thing be li 300 m /gid le thing bl eung cd tdng thi tieh Ii 300 m' cd nghia la 1 gid thay nude 1 lin hay mot ngiy lay nude 24 lin. Lugng nude bd sung la 10% tic li 30 m'/ngiy dem. DI dip ung ngudn HOC bl sung niy yeu eau phii cd 1 giing khoan chat lugng tdt dam bio luu luongj nude it liit 30 m'/ngiy dem. Ngoii ra yeu eiu thilt bi bom nude phii cd may bom cap nude dim bio cip vdi luu' lugng 300 m /gid, mgt miy bom dy trtt vdi cdng suit toong tu vi mft vao miy bom phu khic phyc vu eho vifc cap nude bd sung, than ria bl vi thilt bi. 3.2 Thiet bi cung cap d^: Nhu tinh toin trong bing 1 nhu ciu cip dxy cho hf thong nudi nude toin hoin bao gom dxy cho ca, cho vi khuin nitrat hoi ben ngoai bg lgc sinh bgc vi cho bg lgc sinh hgc. Trong he thdng nudi cdng suit 21 tin ci/nam nhu ciu dxy dugc tinh theo bing 1 la: nhu ciu dxy eho hd hip vi ttao doi chat cua ci tmh theo khiu phin thuc in hang ngiy li 94,5 kg/ngay dem, nhu cau dxy cho vi khuin ben ngoai bf Ige la 3.74 kg/ngiy vi nhu eiu dxy cho bd lgc smh hgc li 9.97 kg/ngiy. Tdng cdng nhu eiu dxy cho toan he thing li 108,21 kg/ngiy hay 3,39 m''/gid. De dim bio nhu ciu dxy nguyen chit cho hf thdng cd thi giai quyit theo 2 eich: cip oxy long hoic mua may ty chi dxy. Vifc cap dxy Idng tten thi gidi si dung khi rdng rai vi n6 re tiin (gii cua thi gidi nam 2001 li 0,21 USD/kg dxy nude; niu mua khi se vdi gia 140 USD/kg; 1kg dxy = 840 lit dxy khi) va tien dyng. Hom nia vifc si dyng dxy ldng khdng phai phu thugc vao ngudn dien cip nen it khi siy ra su ei thiiu oxy. Tuy nhifa cdng nghf nay hien nay chua ip dyng duge d nude ta vi co sd sin xuit dxy thudng d xa noi san xuat thuy sin nen khiu vfn chuyen khd khin. Mat khac do nhu eau thi trudng it nen nha sin xuit chua hing thu diu to vao sin xuit loai sin phim nay. Phuong an tdi tm li lip miy sin xuit dxy tai chd. Gii thanh sin phim hien nay tinh theo gia tidu thy dien Ii 1 - 1,5 kwgid/m' dxy. Niu tinh gii thi trudng Viet Nam hien nay tic li vio khoing 2000 - 3000 VND/m' dxy hay khoang 1700 - 2500 VND/kg oxy. Dl cd Ihe dim bio di lugmg dxy li 3,39 m'/gid nhu tinh toin d teen ehung tdi cho ring nen mua loai may cd edng suit 8m'/gid la via phai. Nhu viy miy cd the cd 50% nghi gian eich ttinh ihai lam vifc lifn tuc trong 24 gid. Cd the si dung hf thing lim dxy theo md hinh Oxymat cua Dan mach (hmh 2). Hf thing niy duge bin vdi gii 21137 Euro. Tuy nhien cd thi dit mua d nude khic nhu Uc hoac Tnmg qudc vdi gii re hon nhiiu. Wrf THHT Hinh 2 Bi tri hf thing lam dxy theo so do oxymat (San mach) Hien nay thing lim oxy hip thu tu khdng khi dugc si dung khi phd biin ttong nghe nuoi ca. Vi vfy viec lua chgn cdng nghf vi gii ci thich hgp cho hf thdng nudi chu trinh kin khdng edn la vifc khd khin. dxy khdng thi syc thing dxy vio teong nude nhu sue khi vi nd se that thoit phin ldn ra khdng khi. DI ttinh thit thoat ttong qui ttinh sue dxy cin thilt phai cd them mdt sd thiet bj khac nhu binh tam giic (hinh 3) vi cie bg khuyich tin (hmh 4 a & b) dxy vio ttong nude mgt each httu hieu. - D i r o ng nifoc va oxy vao «!F0 - B o ng ho ap \uc _0Lfang nifoc da bao hoa oxy ra Hinh 3 Bmh tam giic giip khuyich tin dxy Hinh 4 Bg khuyich tan dxy teuc tiip A/ vio teong nude hinh ding ngoii; B/ luc dang boat dgng Can ndi them ring mgt binh tam giic cd thi cung cip dxy cho ci hf thing cdn bg khuyech tin dxy tt^c tiip ehi dung cho 1 don nguydn vi du nhu 1 bl ci. 3.3Thiilbikhu-C02 Khi dioxyt cacbon dugc san smh ttong qui trinh hd hip cua ci vi hoat dfng sing cua 'i sinh vit ttong nude. Tieu chuan him lugng CO2 eho phep ttong he thing Ii dudi 20 mg/1 le dim bio cho ci sinh trudng binh thudng.Trong bl nudi nude tain hoin ham lugng CO2 hudng khdng gay dgc cho ci khi ning dg cia nd ngang vdi ngudng bio hoa. Khi CO2 vugt |ua ngudng bio hoi khi thia rit di ding thoit ra ngoai khdng khi. Vi the thudng khdng cin •6 thidt bj ridng de k hi CO2 mi tin dung cac boat dgng khic nhu sue dxy, giin mua cip udc dl giii phdng khi CO2 thia. 3.4 H$ thong kha chat th&i rdn (Ipc ca hgc): Trong hf thing nudi nude tuan hoan thi vifc loai bd chit thii rin ra khdi he thing la khiu diu tidn quan ttgng teong qui teinh xi Ii nude. Chit thii rin teong trudng hgp niy li chi nhilng vft thi ed kich thudc ldn khdng tan teong nude. Trong hf thing nudi, loai cliit thii niy ed 3 nguin chinh: thic in thita, phin ca thii ra vi sinh vft khdng mong muin sing teong nude. Tuy ggi li chat thii lin nhung ehi li khai nif m tuong ddi vi ching diu li chit hiu CO niu ton tai liu teong nude cung se bi phin hu^ vi tidu thy mft lugng ldn dxy, thii ra khi dfc lim d nhiem mdi trudng nude. Do dd niu loai bd nhttng phin ti niy cing sdm thi cang giam nhe cho cic khiu xi li nude vl sau. Vifc loai bd el^t thii rin khdng qui phie tap. Thilt bj su dyng ttong edng doan niy dugc ggi li bf lgc co hge. Cd thi si dyng cac chit lifu lgc nhu xip, eit, ludi thep hoic nilon dl giii lai cie chat rin khi nude chiy qua. Hifu suit cia bf lgc phy thufc vio chat lifu Ige va difn tt'eh thoit nude httu hifu. Cin ndi thdm ring chit lifu lgc cang mjn lugng chit thii rin gitt lai dugc cing nhiiu nhung bg lgc lai nhanh bj tic vi viy cin liSn tyc ria bd lgc thu hii chit thai ra khdi hf thing. Chit thii sd duge thu gom va xi li rieng mi khdng quay ttd lai hf thong. Thdng thudng ehing dugc si dyng lam phin bdn cho ndng nghifp. Ngiy nay teong hf thong nudi nude tuan hoan diu si dyng bd lgc co hgc hinh tidng. Cau tao vi nguyen Ii boat dfng cia bf lgc tting duge trinh biy d hhih 5. Mat tting dugc phu ludi lgc bing thep khdng gi. Nude ti hf thing chiy qua teing lgc chit thii dugc gitt lai d bl mat ludi. Khi teing quay ldn tren nhd vdi phun ap suit manh chit thai roi ra khdi ludi chiy theo ming ra ngoii bl chia, ddng thdi mjt ludi dugc ria sach dl tiip tyc vdng lgc sau. Hifn tai thi gidi cd nhiiu Miu lgc teing khic nhau phu thufc vio cdng suit vi yeu ciu chit lugng nude sau khi lgc. Hmh 6 tthih biy hmh ding bl ngoii eia mgt bf lgc tedng to do Nga sin xuit. DJc bift mit ludi cing nhd thi khi ning lgc cing cao nhung tidu hao Jifn ning cing ldn. Vifc chgn bf lgc thich hgp li cdng vifc cia nhifm vy thilt kl. Cin ci vio tinh toin d bing 1 thi bg lgc nay phai cd hifu suit lgc 50% lugng chat hsi tin teong ting lugng chat thii teong ngiy la 78,75 kg. Cung theo bang 1 dl dat yen ciu 13 teen Iugng nude chiy qua bd lgc niy sd Ii 131,25 m ^d (hay 36,45 lit/giiy). Dii chiiu vol
tidu ehuin cia Nga cd thi si dyng bf lgc don lOBMF -10 B2, chiiu dii bg lgc 3 m, ning
420 kg, cdng suit difn tidu thy li 2,37 kw, lugng nude qua lgc la 50 lit/giiy. Dau phun n>a mang tr6ng Hinh 5 Nguyen li boat ddng cia bg lgc tting Hmh 6. Hhih ding ngoii bg lgc teing Ngoii bf lgc ra cin xiy dyng mft bl chia chit thii bang be tdng dl cd thd chia it
nhit 40 kg/ngay. Dung tich bl cin dy tri cd thi di chia lugng chit thii teong thdi gian 4 -5
filing trude khi dugc dem di xi li d nori khic. Vi thi dung tich bl chia niy khoing 7-10 5.5 H$ ihSng Ipc sinh hpc: Bude tiip theo teong cdng nghf xi li nude li hf thong lgc sinh hgc. Nguydn li boat ifng cia bg lgc niy la si dung hf vi khuin Nitrobacler vi Nitrosomonas trong diiu kifn lieu khr 3& chuyen boa sin phim phin hu^ chat hiu co hoi tan teong nude chi yiu li NH3 i dang rit dfc dii vdi ci thanh dang NO3' khdng ddc. Ngoii chic ning chinh nay ra nd gdp ihin lim giim lugng chit httu eo hoi tan. Ding thdi nhd uu thi eia 2 loai vi khuin niy se '& chi mft si loai vi khuan giy bfnh ngiu nhien xuat hien ttong nude. Cdng suit cia bf lgc sinh hgc dugc dinh gia bing lugng vi sinh vat trong bf lgc. Lugng vi smh vft lai phy thufc vio difn tich bl mat gii thi ma nd bim vio. Bl mft gii the niy cing xu xi smh vft cing dl bim ding thdi difn tieh bl mft tuong ing cang ldn. Vi vfy khi thidt ke bf lgc sinh hgc ngudi ta diu chgn gii thi cho vi sinh vft bim lim sao cd thi tich nhd bd lgc nhung difn tieh bl mat ldn. Nhimg loai gia thi duge ding phi biin hifn nay li cit, dng nilon eit thinh doan ngin, hat xip, ludi cu v.v... Do vi sinh vit hiiu khi phit ttiin chfm cho nen thudng phii 1 thing sau khi ciy vi smh vit thi nd mdi phit triin din si lugmg cyc dai vi dat cdng suit thilt kl. Ngoai ra cdng suat cua bf lgc smh hgc cdn phu thugc vio luu lugng nude chay qua hf thing. Nude chiy qua cing nhiiu thi lugng NH3 dugc nittat hoi cing nhiiu. Tuy nhidn, khdng the ting luu tic nude ldn vd ban vi vi smh vat se bi r ia trdi hit se lim giim hifu suit cua bg lgc. Lya chgn mdi trudng (gii thi) cho bg lgc smh hge khdng quan ttgng bing chit lifu gi mi Ii eho dien tich smh vft bam ldn tuong ing vdi thi tich nhd cia bg lgc. Trong diiu kifn Vift Nam si dyng bd Igc cit cd thi cho phep thoi min ydu ciu niy. Theo tinh toin d bang 1 dl nitrat hoi 7,371 kg NH3 mii ngay ein bg lgc sinh hge dung tich 91 m^ ttong dd 1 m' cd difn tich bl mat tucmg img li 200 m^. Tra bang ta thiy di sdi 41 = 3 cm cd ti If dien tieh la 130 rr?lrr?\ 4a,dSm ^ = 1,9 cm cd ti If difn tich li 270 m^/m' diu thich hgp eho mdi trudng :ia bf Igc niy. Cd thi chgn chit lifu Idiie lam gii thi cho bg lgc sinh hge nhim giim bdt dung tich )g lgc. Tuy nhidn vifc chgn dung tich bf lgc 91 m' tuong duomg vdi 1/3 dung Uch bl nudi :i la khi an toin cho hf thing. Nd khdng nhttng dim bio du difn tich cho vi smh vit phit riln ma edn rit an toan khi nude chiy qua bd lgc vdi luu lugng 300 m'/gid. Dl nude cd thi phan phii diu tten bl mat cia mdi trudng lgc bl lgc smh hge can iigc xiy dyng theo 3 ho|c nhiiu ngan nil tiip nhau phin bo theo phuong nim ngang (huih ) hoJc phin bi theo phuomg thing ding (huih 8). Hmh 7. Bo tri cie ngan bg lgc smh hge Hinh 8. Bi tti cac ngin bg lgc smh hgc theo theo hinh ngang phuong thing ding Phuong phip Ige sinh hgc si dyng cit hofc sdi lim mdi trudng ed nhugc diim yeu can dung tich bf lgc ldn chiim nhidu difn tieh nhi xudng nhung trong diiu kifn Vift Nam n6 cd uu diim la re tiin di lip dat vi vfn hanh. 3.6 Thiet b} khi triing: Thilt b) khi tiling ttong hf thing nudi nude tuin hoin thudng li chieu tia eye tim hofc hoi tan dzon nhung chi si dyng ttong trudng hgp sin xuat con giing vi nhiing ddi tugng nudi dl nhiim bfnh nhu tdm, ca canh. Thilt bj k hi trtuig giip phdng ngia bfnh ci bing phit hofc kiim soit m ie dd phit triin eia nguydn sinh dfng vft, nim, virus. Rieng vi4c nudi cd tdm thit cd thi khdng dgt ra. Tuy nhien niu diiu kifn eho p h^ cd thi mua si thilt bi nay dl si dung khi ein thilt. 3.6.1 Thilt hi ehilu tia cyc tim: Den chiiu tia cue tun cd bude sdng 100 - 400 nm. Den nay phit huy hifu qui sit khuin khi nhift dg mdi trudng li 40°C. Hoat lye sat khuin cia den tia cyc tfai dugc tinh bing micro watt giiy cho 1 cm^ (pWs/cm^). Tieu chuin ding cho hf thing nudi nude toin hoin la 35 000 -1 000 000 pWs/cm^ (Lawson, 1995). Den tia eye tim cd vd thuy tmh thach anh eich difn vdi ben ngoii dung teong hf thing nudi nude tuin hoin duge dft ttong ing nude chay qua sao cho hifu suit khi teing cao nhit. Cd thi ding den dom (hmh 9) hoic nhiiu den (huih 10). 16 Ddn tia eye tim cd toil thg 7000 - 8000 gid. Vi vfy cin fliay mdi sau 1 nim si dyng. Tuy nhidn mft si dl xuit nen 6 thing thay mgt lin dl dat hifu qui sit khuin in djnh. !^$S'. ' . „ . ^ ^ * *^ * Hmh 9 Hf thing lgc ding 1 den UV Hmh 10 Hf thing lgc ding nhiiu den UV 3.6.2 Miy san xuat ozone vi each si dyng: Ozone (O3) ngoii viec sit khuin cyc manh, teong hf thing nudi nude tuin hoin cdn CO mft si tie dyng phy quan ttgng sau: aquacultuie + Oxy hoi cic chit httu co tin tai trong nude lim cho nude sach them + Kit dinh cic phin ti chit thii rin nhd thinh phin ti ed kich thudc ldn lim tang hifu suit cia qui ttinh lgc co bgc. 1- Phin ri cie phin ti chit hiu 00 ldn thinh cic phin ti nhd giip cho vi suih boat dfng hifu qui hon ( Krumis et al, 2002). DJmg ozone dl k hi tring oin ed buing xi li rieng. Liiu lugng ozone ding ttong hf fliing nudi tuin hoan la 0,01 - 0,10 mg/1 trong thdi gian 0,5 din 20 phit (Langlais, 1990). Trong thdi gian niy ozone se chuyin hoi thanh oxy. Nude sau khi ra khdi buing xi Ii khdng cdn ozone dl trinh tin thuong din ca nudi. Lugmg ozone du cd thi dugc trung hoi bing eich cho nude chiy qua than boat ttah. Can chi y khi ozone rit ddc dii vdi co thi con ngudi vi the khi si dyng phii tayft ddi tuin thu qui tie an toin theo hudng din eia nhi sin xuat IV. Danh mye cac hjng muc ding cho he thing cap va xu li nude Ti ket qui phin tich d trdn, ehung tdi dl nghi danh muc cac hang muc dung eho he thing nudi toin hoin nhu d bing 2. » 2. Danh myc cie hang muc diluK eho hd thins nudi toin hoin TSn hang myc Dfc tinh Ghi ehu Bin
si
th
i 1
2
3
4 40x10 hay 20 x20 m-'
10 X 10= 100 m-'
5 x10 m-'
8 - 12 m' 5 20 m-' Nha xudng
Nha de be nudi ci
Nhi dft bl lgc sinh hgc
Nhi dat miy lam dxy
Nha hay phdng cho miy
ozone
Phdng quin Ii
Be cac loai
Bl nudi ca composit 6 10 0=6.5m;V= 30m^siu
Im
Luu lugng 30 m^/ngiy
50 m-' 7
8 9
10
11 Giing khoan
Bl nude giing sach + sue
khi
Be cip nude
Bl chia chit thii rin
Be lgc CO hgc 50 m-'
10 m-'
Theo kich thudc ttdng
loc
100 m-' 12 3 -5 m-'/gid
4 -5 atm 13
14 2 180-360m%id 15 16 Be loc sinh hoc
May borm cac loai
May bom hut nude gieng
Miy bom nen cho Igc co
hoc
Miy bom cho be Igc sinh
hge
Thilt bi di kem
Miy cip dxy 1
1 101x71x120 cm, 320 kg
49x46x83 cm, 46 kg Miy nen khi
Miy lanh 1 60x60x201 cm, 140 kg Binh ehua khdng khi khd 50x50x140 cm, 50 kg
90x75x225 cm, 370 kg
60x60x201cm, 140kg
15 m''/gid 1
1
1
1
10
91m' 1,5-1,9 cm
Cac loai 17
18
19
20 1
1 Tuy chgn
Tuy chgn Binh loc than
Bg hap phu Nito
Binh chia dxy
Binh tam giic tedn dxy
Bd khuydch tin dxy
Di dim eho lgc sinh hgc
Van vdi vi dng din nude,
khi
Thilt hi k hi tring
Miy lim ozone
He den tia cue tim 21
22 V. Kitlufn Trong diiu kifn hien nay vifc xiy dyng hf thing nude tuin hoan dl nudi mft ddi tugng mdi la vifc lim khdng de. Vl nguyen tic ta cd thi dit mua toin bd hf thdng niy d nude ngoii vi ngudi bin se dim bio cho he thong vfn hanh in djnh teong mgt thdi gian nhit djnh. Cdng vifc niy cin cd kinh phi dii dio vi duge sy ding thuan eua nhieu cip. Cich tinh toin cia ehung tdi tten diy cung chi dya theo kinh nghifm cia nude ngoai chua dugc thyc tl Vift Nam kiim nghiem. Chung tdi mong mdi sy gdp y va chi giio eia cic nhi khoa hgc dl cd thi nhanh chdng ip dyng dugc ttong dieu kifn Vift nam. c in ndi them ring dii vdi mgt co sd thi nghifm cd thi si dyng phuong in cic be nudi ca cd rieng mgt hf thing lgc nhu vfy cd thi tilt kiem dugc chi phi vi thuan tien cho cdng tac thi nghifm. Nhttng hf thing nay duge menh danh li he thing nudi nude toin hoin mini hifn dang dugc rao bin tten mang vdi gii ci khdng cao (htoh 11). Hinhl 1 Cie dang bd mini nude tuin hoan kem bd lgc eo hgc dl nudi ei hdi, ci tim, ci nheo 1. Bearl Leittitz (1969) - Trout and Sahnon Culture (Hatchery Methods); State of California;
Departement offish and game fish; Bulletm 107.
2. HpocKypeHKO H.B. (2005) - SaMKHyrue pudoeomnje yeraHOBKH; BNIRO;
3. J. Kepenyes (1985) - Reciiculatig Systems and Re-use of Water in Aquaculture; Fish
Culture Research institote; Szarvas, Hungary.
4. Wayne Hutchinson, Mathew Jeffrey, David (Dos) O'SuUivan, Daniel Casement and
Steven Clarkeayne Hutchin (2004) - "Recirculatmg Aquaculture System - Minimum
Standards for Design, Construction and Management". Inland Aquacultoie Association of
South Austtalia Inc. BO N 6 NG NGHCpP vA PHAT TRitN N 6 NG T H 6N VI$N NGHlftN CtitJ N U 6I TRONG THUY SAN HI TSn de tii: NghiSn cin cdng nghf, hf thing thilt bi ding bg nuii eae dil tugmg thuy s&n cd gii tq kinh tl cao (nude nggt, Ig, man) Ma so dl tai: KC.07.15/06-10 NGHE&N CCtl B | ; NH CA TAM, CA H 6I Chu nhi|tn dl tM: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu Ngudi thvrc hifn chuySn dl: TS. V6 The Dung Vifn Nghien c iu Nudi tring Thuy san HI Nha Trang 10/2008 BO N6NG NGHijp vA PHAT TRiiN N6NG TH6N vi$N NGHI£N ctru Nu6i TRONG THCY SAN ra BAO CAO CHUYEN BE Myc Lye
L Md DAU
n. PHtroNG PHAP NomfiN ctru 2.1. Phuong phip nghien ciu k^ sinh triing 2.1.1. Thu miu
2.1.2. Phuong phip kiim tea, xic djnh ky smh tting: 2
3
3
3
3
4 2.2. Nghien eiu thinh phin vi khuin cd kha ning giy bfnh d ca hii, ci tim
nudi d Lam Ding 2.2.1. Phuang phip nghiSn eiu thinh phin
- Phuong phip xi 1^ miu ttong phdng thi nghifm 5
5
6
7 9 2.3. Bi tri thi nghifm tej bfnh
ra. KfiT QUA NGHBSN ctru 3.1. Kit qui nhidn ciu k^ sinh tring ky smh d ci hii vi ca tim nudi tai Lam
Ding 9
9 ._. ^. 3.1.1. Ket qui nghiSn ciu k^ smh triing d ci hii nudi tai Lam Dong
3.1.2. Kit qua nghidn ciu kj^ smh tring ky smh trdn ci tim nudi tai Lim
Ding 3.2.1. Kit qua nghidn ciu vi khuin trdn ca hoi
3.2.2. Kit qua nghidn ciu vi khuin tedn ca tim: 3.3. Kit qui thi nghifm trj bfnh teen ci hii IV.KETLUANVADfiXUATtKlfiN 4.1. Kitlufn
4.2. Dl xuit i kiln 13
3.2. Ket qui nghiSn ciiu vi khuin trdn ci hii va ci tim nudi tai Lim Ding 14
14
17
18
18
18
19
19 V. TAI L I $U THAM KHAO Ca tim, Ca hii li 2 loai ca nude lanh cd gii trj kinh tl cao, th) trudng tidu thy rfng ldn trdn toan tfai gidi. Ci hii lin dau tidn dugc dua vio nudi tai mien BIC Vift Nam nam 2005 thdng qua Dy an ding tii teg cia dai si quin Phin Lan tai Hi Nfi vi Trung tim khuyin ngu quic gia Bf Thiy San (nay li Bf Ndng nghifp va phit triin ndng thdn). Ti dd den nay ca Hii df dugc nudi thanh edng tai nhiiu nori trdn ci nude nhu Lim Ding, Lio Cai, Lai Chiu... T^ Lim sing, nhiiu hf gia (finh vi doanh nghifp di manh d^ diu tu hing ty ding vio nudi ca Hii van cho din nay di mang lai nguin thu nhfp cao, giai quyit vifc lam cho nhiiu lao dfng, xda ddi giim nghdo hifu qui ding thdi ci hii
trd thanh dfc sin thu biit du khich, vdi nhiing gia tri kinh tl dd nghi nudi ca Hii
tai Lim Ding sS phat triin m^ teong nhthig nim tdi. Tuy nhiSn, kinh nghifm cia nhiiu quic gia nhu Na Uy, Phin Lan, Dgn Mach, Thii Lan, Dii Loan, Trung (Juic vi thyc tl d nude ta cho thay, mgt khi nudi teing thiy sin phit teiln theo hudng nfng suit cao thi ludn di kdm sy phit smh cia djch bfnh vi dd ludn li mft trong nhttng khd khSn cia nudi tedng thiy sin. Vi gin diy, teong qui tehih uomg nudi ci tim, ci hii d Lim Ding citag bit diu xuit hifn mft so bfnh giy chit ci rii ric nhu bfnh xuit huylt Id lodt, bfnh id mifng.. .Vi vfy phin tich tic nhin giy bfnh, thi df nhay khing smh dii vdi cic tic nhin cd tin sd bit gfp cao nhim dua ra bifn phap phdng tej bfnh hthi hifu li rit ein thilt n. PHtfONG P H AP NGHlfeN C&V 2.1 Pkmmgph^ nghiin citu k$ sinh tring 2.1.1. Thu mSo - Phucmg phip thu miu • TTiu miu ngau nhidn: Chgn ngiu nhien ao nudi dl thu miu • Thu miu chgn Ige: Thu miu nhilng ao nudi cd djch bfnh + Miu ci duge thu tryc tiip tu cic co sd nudi, vfn chuyin sing vl Vifn
nghiSn ciu nudi tring Thiy sin in trong cic thing xip dyng nude sach, cd syc
khi, nhift df nude dugc duy tri d mic 17-23°C ddi vdi cac thing dyng ci hii, 20 -
27°C ddi vdi thing dyng ea tim. Do vi cin nhanh ci sau khi e^ liy nhdt + diing cin dTa dl xic djnh khii lugmg ca vdi df chinh xic 0, Ig + ding thudc dido kich thudc ci vdi df chinh xac 1 mm 2.1.2. Phuong phip kiim tra, xic djnh 1^ sinh trnng: Ap dyng phuong phip nghiSn ciu k^ sinh triing tidn ci cia V A.Muselius cd sia dii hi sung bdi Hi K# (1992), Bii Quang Tl ( 2002), DS Thj Hda (2005)... So di nghidn ciu nhu sau: Thu thfp KST ngojui k^ smh Quan sit KST dudi kmh sol nii,
kinh hiin vi, md ti dfc diim Tifiu bfin tiroi
1 ' Phin lofi KST Phin loyi: Dya vio cac diu hifu phin loai dd dl djnh danh thdng qua cic tii lifu phin loai nhu Ha Kl, Bii Quang Tl (2007), H. Muller & K. Anders (1986); Satyu Yamaguti (1971)...vi mft s61^ chi, bii bao phin loai texmg va ngoii nude. 2.2. Nghiin cAu thdnh phin vi khidn cd kha nang gdy b^nh & cd hdi, cd dm nuSiiLSmB&ng Si dyng phucmg phip nghidn ciu bfnh vi khuin d ci va dfng vft thiy sin cua Frerichs (1993), Bii Quang Tl (1995), DS Thi Hda (2003). So di nghidn ciu nhu sau Mau ei bfnh Thu miu ci bfnh phim Hinh thai khuin 1^ - Thu miu -^ Thu miu chgn lgc, chi tiiu nhttng con cd diu hifu bfnh 1^ nhu Id Idet, dm da, trudng byng, ci d nhttng ao/bMing cd hifn higng chit nhiiu khdng rd nguySn nhin..., thu tii thiiu 20 con ci tim vi 20 con ci hii cd dau hifu bfnh 1;^ nhu Id Idet, tnrdng byng... -H Cich thu vi vfn chuyin n^u: Do si lugmg ndu khdng nhik, vi cdjphin bj dfng vi chi chgn nhiing con cd diu hifu bfnh ly, vl thi 5 ngay mdi thing phii cd mft ngudi di din cic co sd nudi dl thn mua nhihig con cd bfnh, ngdai ra phii dft hang cho cic CO sd nudi, khi nio phit bif n thiy nhttng con ci cd diu bifu bfnh 1^, cio CO sd nudi sd bio cho ngudi chju ti*ih nhifm thu miu (Nguyin Viit Thiy) ddng ttii nilon, duy M nhift df d mic 17-23°C dii vdi cac thing dyng ci hii, 20 - 27°C dii vdi thing dyng ci tam, chuyin vl Nha Trang. - Phmmg phip xfr If miu trong phong thi nghifm + Miu ci mang vl dugrc ici 1^ ngay. (Juan sit, do ohilu dii ci bfnh va ghi chdp cic hifn tugng khdng binh thudng trdn ei: miu sic ci, cic vit lodt, cic diim
xuit huylt, viy, vay. + Si dyng kdo, dao, panh di kfai teing bSng cin 70° dl giii phiu. Khi nfi tang If ra, quan sit vi ghi chdp cic hifn tugng khic thudng nhu sy tich djch, miu sifi djch, biin dii mau sic hinh dang, thi teang gan, fhfn, lich, mft, ruft. - Phmmg phip nudi ciy, phin If p vi djnh danh vi khuin + Nudi ciy ti miu bfnh phim Mau bfnh phim dugrc liy ti ci bfnh, sau dd dugrc ding dl nudi ciy vi khuin. Miu cd thi dugc nudi ciy ting smh trong mdi trudng Peptone hofc nudi ciy tryc tiip trSn mdi trudng chgn lgc hofc khdng chgn lgc tiy thugc vao myc dieh nghiin ciu. -^ Cdc mdi trudng Ididng chpn Ipc bao gom: • Mdi trudng Nuteient Agar (NA) • Mdi trudng Nutrient Broth (NB) • Mdi trudng Bram Heart mliision Agar (BHIA) • Mdi truomg Bram Heart mfusion Borth (BHI) • Mdi tiirdng Triptic Soy Agar (TSA) + Cdc mdi trudng nudi c^ chpn Ipc: • Mdi trudng Pseudomonas. Thu mau Pseudomonas spp • Mdi ttudng Thiosulphat Citeate Bile Salt Sucrose Agar (TCBS). Thn miu Vibrio spp. - Nudi cdy thudn chiing + Chgn nhiing khuin lye riSng rd ciy trdn mdi trudng khdng chgn lgc nhu mdi trudng TSA. - Nhupm Oram: dl quan sit hinh thii vi khuin theo phuong phip eia Plumb & Bower (bin djch cia NguySn Ngge NhiSn, 1992). - Thifc ht$n cdc phdn ling sinh hda: bing test kit API - 20E (Analitieal Profile Index) hofc bing dSy cic phin ing sinh hda theo phuong phip truyin thing dl xic djnh dfc diim smh hda cia vi khuin. - Dinh danh vi khudn: dya vio diy phan ing smh hda, bing tra kit qui API - 20E va hf tiling phin lo»i vi khuin cia Holt vi ctv (1994), Frerichs (1993). 2J. Bo tri Ihl nghifm tij bfnh Thi n ^f m vdi 3 loai chit: • Khing smh (Oxytettacyline(OT)) • MuiiNaCI • Men xi li nude vi nin diy (sin phim cia cdng ty Uni-President) Bi tri thi nghifm nhu sau: Cd 6 bl thi nghifm, mdi bl thi 20 con ci bit n^u nhiSn trong bl nudi
dang cd hifn tiigng chit vdi cic diu hifu: ci xuit bvyk Id loet. Id mang, ttdc viy;
ci cd kich ca ti 10 - 14 cm, ttgng lugng ti 12 - 20 g, syc khi 24/24. Si dyng hai loji nude cip vio bl thi nghifm: Nude ty nhidn khdng qua hf tiling tuin hoin: 2 bl > 1 bl: Tim NaCl 20 ppm tii 30 - 45 phit, sau do thay nude mdi. > 1 bl: Dii ching chi nudi ci, khdng tim NaCl Nude df qua lgc tuin hoin: 4 bl, trong dd: > 1 bl thi nghifm ding Men vi smh lim trong sych nude vi nin diy > 1 bi thi nghifm ding Oxytetracyline 3ppm trong thdi gian 6h > 1 bl thi nghifm dfmg OxytettacyUne 5ppm trong thdi gian 6h > 1 bl dii ching (khdng si dyng men vi khdng tim khing sinh). Nude lgc
tuin hoin
-HOxytetia
5ppm Nude
khdng qua
lgc tuan
hoin-H
TimNaCl Nude lgc
tuin hoin
+ x i lf
Oxytetia
3ppm Nude lgc
tuin hoin
+ x iU
menvi
sinh s ii ching
nudccd
qualgc
tuin hoan Hing ngiy: RiSng bl si dyng nude muii dl tim ci thay nude sau 30 - 45 phit ngim, tit
ci cic be cdn lyi deu thay nude sau 6 gid moi ngay. Kiim tea nhift dg nude trong bl Cho ci an theo chi df in bhih thudng Ghi chdp cic bllu hifn cia ci tixmg cac bl till nghifm cho tdi lie kit tiiic till
nghifm Thyc hifn Ifp lyi thi nghifm 3 lin in. MET QUA NGHlftN ClffU 3.1. Kit qud nhiin cAu kf sinh tring kf sinh d cd hbi va cd tim nudi Igi LSm 3.1,1. Kit qua nghiSn cuu 1^ sinh triing d ca hii
nuii t^i Lam Ding 3.1.1.1. Miu nghiSn cuu Ching tdi da tiin hinh nghiSn cihi thinh phin k^ smh tring trSn 111 con ci hii vin nudi tyi Lim Sing. Bing 1: Kich cd mau ci hii d Lim Ding trung Ving nudi si lugng (con) Chiiu dai
binh (mm) Khoi lugng tiimg
buih(g) 8.0±140,0 97.5±52.5 Giangly 40 (32-450) (0,3 -1500,0) 5.6±1.2 73±9.16 Tuyin lim 26 (4-12) (57-118) 16.5±6.9 69.1±12.4 45 KlongKlanh (0.2-160.0) (9.0-280.0) Bingl: Thinh phin k^ smh teing ky smh teen ci hoi nuii tyi Lim Ding Stt Nginh Ldp Giong Loii Hg 1 Platyhelmint Montjgen Dactylogyride Gyrodactylida Gyrodactyl Gyrodactyl hes ea a e Bychowsky, us Diesmg, us sp. Schneider, Bychows 1935 1850 Bychowsky, ky, 1935 1878 1935 Cilophora Peritticha Peritrichida Trichodina Trtchodinidae Trichodina acuta Ehrenberg, Stem, Doflien, Stem, 1859 Claus, 1874 1938 1901 1859 multifilis Kit qui d bing 1 cho thiy cd 3 loai k^ smh tring dugc tim thiy tten ca hii nudi tyi Lim Sing. Ci 3 loii niy bit gfp khi phi biin ttdn cac loai ci nude nggt d Vift Nam cung nhu teen the gidi. Noble vi Summerfelt (1996) thdng bio ci hoi nudi trong mdi trudng nude xi ly tain hoin bj nhiem vdi nhiiu loii dgng vit nguydn sinh khic nhau nhu Chillodonella, Trichodina, Epistylis, Trychophora, Ichthyophthirius, Ichlhyobodo, diy deu li nhttng loii ky smh ttroig nguy hiim, cd All giy chit ei neu bj nhiim nfng, hofc nh? hon ciing cd till lim giim tic df smh 10 Hymenosi Tetrahymenita Ichthyophl Ichthyopht Ophryoglenitia Cilophora hyrius hyrius e omala Faure-Fremiet, Dofiien, Fouguet, Kent, 1881 Delage et 1956 1901 1876 Heroward ,1896 ttudng. Vi cing ttong bio eio dd Noble vi Summerfek cho ring, ca hoi nudi
ttong hf fliing nude xi ly ttiin hoin rit dl bj nhiem sin don chi (Gyrodactylus),
ci hi nhilm cd flil boi Ifi lung ttmg, viy bj taa ra, niu khdng di nude hofc chit
Iugng nude khdng dim bio, ci cd till bj nhiim nfng loyi sin nay vi ed till bj chit
vdi ty If ldn. Vff Kich thudc co thi Trichodina acuta khi ldn, nhhi mit bdn giing nhu eii chudng, mft byng giing nhu cii dia, lie vfn dfng nd quay ttdn 1ft qua Ift lyi
giing nhu binh xe, nhin chinh difn mft byng ed mgt dia bim ldn ed ciu tyo phie
tap, tidn dia cd mft vdng ring vi cic dudng phdng xy, vdng rang cd nhiiu thi
ling, mdi thi rang cd dang gin nhu chtt "V" bao gim thin ring d phia ngoai dang
hinh ludi nu, mdc rang d phia ttong ed dyng hinh kim, cic thi ring xip sit nhau
cii ng ching ldn cii Ida tyo thinh vdng tedn. Si lugng rang khoing 22 ring. Co quan ky sinh: Nhdt da Trichodina acuta ky smh d ei Hoi vin nudi tai Lim Ding vdi ty If cim nhiem tiiip (7.81%). Cudng dg cim nhilm: It (TB 7 tting/lam nhdt, (1+ 28) tritag/Iam nhdt) 11 Nhm ehung ci Hii d Lim Ding nhiSm tiling hanh xe vdi t^ If thip so vdi cic loii ci khic. Nhift dg fliich hgp cho hiu hit teing binh xe la 20 - 30°C eao hon nhieu so vdi nhift df trong ao nudi ea Hdi. bl. Loii Ichthyophthyrius multifilis Triing cd dyng giing qui dua, dudng kinh 0,5-1 mm. Toin thin ed nhiiu ldng to nhd, nhiiu dudng sgc, vin dgc. GiOa thin cd mgt bach ldn hinh mdng ngua va mft bach nhd. Co quan ky smh: Nhdt da. T;^ If cim nhiim: 3.13%. Cudng df cam nhiem: Hhih 2: /. mulliflUs it. (TB 1 teing /lam nhdt) Ichthyophthyrius multifilis duge biit den Ii nguySn nhin giy ra bfnh dim tring tedn ci Hii vin, thudng k^ smh trSn da, mang, diu vi viy cl Li mdt bfnh rit thudng gfp vi giy chit ci ti rii ric din hing loyt khi cudng dg cim nhilm cao teong cic ao nudi ci hii teSn thi gidi. Tyi Giangly vi Klong Klanh ttong thdi diim ti thing 3 din thing 5 nam 2010, do ban bin xiy ra ttong thdi gian dii, mdi tradng khdng dugc ttong sych (nude it), nliift do cao, ei bj bfnh dim tring nhiiu, cd mft so bl bj chit vdi tj if ti 30-60%. e/. Loai Gyrodactylus sp. Co thi nhd, dii, khi vfn dfng Ig hai thiy diu, khdng ed diim mit. Phia sau co thi la dia bim, cd hai mdc ldn d gitta dia vi 16 mdc nhd bing kitin xip xung quanh, mifng d mft byng phia trudc co the. Co quan k^ smh: Nhdt da Gyrodactylus sp. ky sinh tedn ci hii vin nudi tai Lam Dong vdi ty le cim nhiim Hhih 3: Gyrodactylus sp. 12.5% vi eudng df cim nhilm: It (TB 5 tiing/ci, H 28 trung/ci) Gyrodactylus li tic nhin giy bfnh ky sinh triing thudng gfp trdn ca Hoi vin. thudng k^ smh d da, mang va viy ea. Li nguydn nhan giy chit ci hii hing
loat d Nauy vi Nga. 0 Tnmg Quic eae teyi nudi ci Hii vin thudng bj nhilm benh
do Gyrodttelylus braehymystacis vi G. lenoki. 6 Vift Nam, Gyrodactylus eung li
tic nhin giy bfnh cho nhiiu loii ci nude nggt nhu ei Tre, ca Bing tagng, Rd phi.
NghiSn ciu ciia ching tdi cho thiy t^ If nhiim vi cudng df nhidm Gyrodactylus
trdn ca Hoi d Lam Ding khdng cao. Song diy cd thi li mgt tic nhin gay bfnh
nguy hiim cho ca ttong taong lai. si lugng miu vi kich thudc ci dugc trinh biy teong bang 3. Bing 3. si lugmg miu ci nghiSn eiu Nudiao Ci tim nudi 150 si lugng miu (ca) 260 ±60,4 Chiiu dii (cm) (150-295) 148 ±42,4 Trgnglugng (90-202) Qua qui teinh nghidn ciu k^ smh tiing ttdn ei tim, ching tdi fliu duge mgt so kit qui nhu sau: 13 - Cd 2 loyi k;^ smh tiiing fliudng gfp teen ei tim bao gim Trichodina sp.,
Gyrodactylus sp.. Bing 4. Tl If cim nhiim k^ smh ttung teSn ci tim bl mg nudi ao vi nudi ling Loii ky sinh triing Mie df nhilm TLCN CDCti Trichtxiina sp. (37.5%) Qua bing 4 cho thiy mic df cim nhiim k^ sinh triing trdn ci tim nuoi ao tyi Lim Ding khdng cao. Tuy nhidn do si miu nghiSn ciu qui it chua di co sd dl lift kd thinh phan loii cung nhu mic df nhilm ky smh tring trdn ci tam. Cin cd thdi gian vi sy diu tu ldn hon de cd kit qui ding tm cfy. Qua qui teinh quan sit, ching tdi fliiy ring sy cd mft cia cac loii k^ sinh tting niy d cic ea quan la khic nhau. Trong dd. Sin li dom chi xuit hifn chi yiu d nhdt da, Tricodina ed d da vi mang. Cdn d cic co quan ngi tang, chua phit hifn fliiy sy cd mft cia ky smh tring. 3.2. Kit qui nghien ciu vi khuin tren cd hoi vi cd lim nudi tgi Ldm Bing 3.2.1. Kit qui nghiSn curu vi khuan trSn ci hii Trong qui trinh ucmg vi nudi thuong phim ci hii tyi Lam Ding di xuit hifn mft si bfnh cd diu bfnh 1^ kdm flieo, lim ci chit rii ric tdi chit nhiiu nhu bfnh xuit huylt Id loet, bfnh ttdc viy. Trong cie loyi bfnh bit gfp trdn ci hii uong nudi tyi Lam Ding nim 2009 vi
2010 flii bfnh Id loet fliudng gfp nhit Diu hifu bfnh ly cia bfnh: ttdn fliin ci cd 14 (25.0%) Gyrodactylus sp. ISO con/ca nhiing vit lodt nhd, mit ci bj xuit huylt, hfu mdn sung xuit huylt, xuit huylt ttdn viy, gan thfn nhgrt nhyt hofc cd lie nhu sip phin ra...; Trong nam 2009 va 2010, ching tdi tiin hinh thu mau phan tich 12 miu ci bj xuit huylt id loet va 4 iMu ci khde dl so sinh. Kit qua thu duge d bing 5. Bing 5: Mft si Idai vi khuin va KST dugc ti n^u ci hii bi bfnh Id loet, vi ca hii khde M IU ci bfnh Miu ca khde Tic nhin Tin si bit gfp Tylf(%) Tin si bit gfp T:^If(%) Vi khuin 25 1/4 100 12/12 Aeromonas hydrophyla 0 0/4 41,67 5/12 Aeromonas salmontcida 25 1/4 16,67 2/12 Vibrio sp 0 0/4 16,67 2/12 Pseudomonas cepacia Kf sinh trikng 1/4 25 25 3/12 Gyrodactylus sp 0 0/4 16,67 2/12 Trichodina sp Kit qui d bing 5 eho fliiy vi khuin Aeromonas hydroplQila bit gfp tin suit rit cao (12/12 chiim ty If 100%) tten cic ndu ci hoi uong nudi tai Lim Dong bj bfnh xuit huylt Id loet vi loii vi khuin niy gfp mgt teen 4 n^u ca khde (chiem 25%); 15 25 1/4 16,67 2/12 Ichthyophthyrius sp loii vi khuan Aeromonas salmonicida cung ed tin suit bit gfp taong doi cao (5/12
ohilm t^ If 41,67%) bdn cie miu ci bj xuit huylt Id lodt, va kit qui phan tich tedn
4 miu ci khde khdng gfp loii vi khui niy. Cdn 2 loai vi khuin Vibrio sp vi
Pseudomonas cepacia cd ty If bit gfp rit fliip (16,67%). Ba loii k^ smh teing
Gyrodactylus sp, Trichodina sp vi lehthytphthyrius sp cd tin si bit gfp rit Uiip
tten cic miu ci bj bfnh cung nhu ei khde. Kit qui niy ed till cho fliiy bfnh xuit
huylt Id lodt tren ci hoi cd thi do vi khuin fliugc giong Aeromonas giy ra. Tuy
nhien do si nghiSn ciiu cdn qui it vi diiu kifn khdng cho phdp bi tri thi nghifm
giy cim nhiem ttd lai nSn chua thi kit lufn dugc tic nhan chinh giy bfnh. Mgt loyi bfnh khic lim ci chit rii tdi chit nhieu vio euoi nim 2009 vi diu nim
2010 ehi cd diu hifu ci bj tedc viy. Ching tdi tiin hinh thu man vi phan tt'ch. Kit
qua phin tieh ti 10 con bj bfnh va 5 con ca khde duge trinh biy d bang 6. Bine 6: Mgt si giing loai vi khuan vi KST bit gfp tidn cic miu ci bj bfnh tedc
viy vi ca khde. Miu ci bfnh M IU ci khde Tie nhin Tin si bit gfp T:^if(%) Tin si bit gfp T^lf(%) Vi khuan 60 0/5 6/10 Vibrio cholera 0 30 3/10 1/5 20 Aeromonas hydrophyla 30 0/5 3/10 0 Flavobacterlum sp 10 1/5 20 1/10 Vibrio sp K;^ smh trung 16 40% 2/5 40% 4/10 Trichodina sp Ti kit d bing 6 thiy vi khuin Vibrio cholera cd tin suit bit gfp khi cao (6/10 chiem ty if 60%) trdn eic miu ci bj benh tedc viy, teen cie miu ci khde flii tin suit bat gfp loii vi khuin niy la 0/5, Aeromonas hydrophyla vd Flavobaclerium sp deu cd cd tin suit bit gfp 3/10 ( chiim 30%) teen miu benh. Cdn Vibrio sp ed tan suat bit gfp rit thip tedn miu ci bfnh cung nhu trdn miu ci khde; Cdn Trichodina sp cd tin suit bit gfp tuong dii eao (4/10 miu ci bfnh, 2/5 miu ci khde) vi dl chiim t^ if 40% teen miu ei cd diu hifu bfnh ciing nhu teen miu ci khde. Ti ket qui trdn ehua thi xic djnh dugc tie nliin chinh giy ra bfnh trie viy mi ein phii ed thi nghifm giy cim nhiem ttd lyi. Oui trinh mini civ. nhin lio vi thi'r nhin \me sinh boa ffii'in xic minh dugc
. , ^ ^ . g^ Vibriocholerae sycd Aeromonashydroplo,la ^ ^^ 25%) vi Vibrio sp. (ty- If nhidm 50%) Sy cd mft c ia Vibrio sp. chiim uu thi hom bin so vdi Aeromonas sp. Diy cimg chinh li loii gay bfnh oho hiu hit ci nude nggt Vift Nam vi ci ving nude lanh. Diiu niy cd flil giii fliich Ii do khi ning phan bi rfng d nhiiu fliiy vyc vdi nhiiu diiu kifn mdi trudng khic nhau cia ching. 17 3.3. Kit qud thi nghifm tri bfnh trin cd hii Nhift df nude trung binh: 20''C Sau thi nghifm, tit ci cic bl thi nghifm diu cd ci chit rii ric Ty if ei sdng sdt sau thi nghifm d mie taong duomg nhau gitta eic bl si dyng nude tuan hoin. Ti If ci chit ti 15% d bl si dyng men, Oxytettaeylm 3ppm vi 20% d bl dung OT 5ppm, bl dii ehing ci rit yiu, ti If sing sdt chi khoing 70%. 0 cac bl ding nude ty nhien ca biiu hifn khde manh hon, hoyt dfng boi Ifi t it Ti If chit li 10% mdi bl. Tuy nhiSn, ei sau khi tim muii bit mii tit Nhin ehung, sd ci song sdt sau thi nghifm tuong dii khde manh ttong thdi gian dai d cic bl da diing chit thi nghifm. IV. K£T L U .^ VA B£ XUAT * KIAN 4.1.Kitlupn - Ci Hoi vin vi ci tim li 2 dii tugng nudi mdi d Lam Ding ndn thinh phin ky sinh tiing cdn rit it vl thinh phin giing loii, qua kiim tra 111 con ei hii chi phit hifn ra 3 loii KST (Triclmdina sp., Ichthyophthyrius sp., Gyrodactylus sp.) ; tren 150 miu ci tam cing chi bit gfp 2 loai KST li Trichodina sp. vi Gyrodactylus sp. - Ty If cim nhiim vi eudng df cim nhilm ky smh triing eia ci diu thip. Chi yiu ky sinh d nhdt da. - Do si miu kiim tra it, su khac nhau vl thinh phin loii k^ sinh tring gitta cac ving nudi, cic cd tuii ci khdng cd y nghia vl mat thdng kS. - Cd hai loai bfnh thudng gfp ttdn ca hii nudi tyi Lim Ddng li bfnh xuit huylt Id loet vi bfnh ttdc viy, bfnh lim ca chit rai ric tdi chit nhieu. - Cd 4 loii vi khuin vi 3 loai k^^ smh tring bit gfp teSn 12 miu ei hii bj bfnh xuit huylt id loet Trong dd hai loai vi khuin thufc gidng Aeromonas cd tin suit bit gfp cao li^eramonas hydrophyla (l21\2)v2iAeromoruis salmonicida (5/12). 18 Cd 4 loii vi khuin li Vibrio cholera, Aeromonas fydrophyla, Flavobaclerium sp vi Vibrio sp; 1 loai KST dugc tim fliiy teSn 10 miu ei hoi nudi tyi Lim Ding bj bfnh ttdc viy. Trong dd Vibrio cholera cd tin si bit gip taong doi eao (6/10) edn cic loai khac bit gfp khdng nhiiu teen eic miu benh. 4.2. Be xudt f kiin - Ci Hoi van li doi tagng nudi cd gii tri kinh tl cao vi thich hgrp vdi diiu kifn ty nhien khi hfu cia tinh Lim Ding. Vi vfy nghi nudi ci Hii chic chin se phit tiidn ttong toong lai gin. Cing vdi sy phit triin se li sy bing phit eua djch benh ttong cd cd bfnh do ki sinh tring. vi vfy cin nghiSn ciu siu hon ntta vl cic benh ttdn ei Hii ndi ehung vi thinh phin ky smh trung tten ei Hii vin ndi rieng dl cd bifn phip phdng vi chtta bfnh kjp thdi. - Bude diu cho thiy eic bfnh cd khi nang lien quan din vi khuin li nhttng bfnh nguy hiim va cd khi ning giy chit ci, vi thi cin diu ta nhiiu hon eho cie nghidn ciu vl bfnh do vi khuin giy ra dl thn ra bifn phip phdng tri hifu qui. - Ndn thudng xuyen theo doi va quin ly cic yiu ti mdi trudng trong ao nhim kiim soit mft df cie loai ky sinh triing cd flil giy bfnh. - NSn cd nghidn ciiu sau hon dl xic djnh dugc tic nhin chinh giy bfnh dl cd CO sd eho vifc phdng tri bfnh. V. T AI L i fu THAM K H AO 1. Tii lifu tiing vift 1) Bii Quang Te (2002) Phuong phip nghien eiu ki sinh trung ci, VNCNTTSLHinfi 2) NguySn Vin Thin Nudi ci Hoi vin d Vift Nam: Nhttng han chi vi triin vgng, VNCNTTS I, Hi nfi. 3) Hi Ky (1992) Phuong phip nghidn ciu tic nhan giy bfnh ky smh tring d ci (djch ta bin gic cia V.A. Musselius) bf thiy sin, hi ngi. 19 4) Di Thj Hda, Bii Quang TS, Nguyin HOu Dung vi Nguyin Thj Muf i (2004). Giao trinh Bfnh hgc tiiiy sin. NXB Ndng Nghifp, TP. Hoa Chi Minh. 2. Tai lifu tiing anh 1) A. H. McVicar (1997) Disease and parasite implications of the coexistence of wild andcultured Atlantic salmon populations, ICES Journal of Marine Science. 54:1093-1103 2) Tek Bahadur Ourung, Sadhu Ram Basnet Q Introduction of rambow trontOnchoiynchus ng;kiss in NepaliConstraints and prospects. Fisheries Research Station, Nuwakot, Trlshuli, Nepal 3) A. Isaksson, S. Oskarsson, S. M. Emarsson, and J. Jonasson (1997) Atlantic salmon ranching: past problems and fiiture management ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54:1188-1199. 4) William Hugo Gaze ami Rodney Woollen Ectoparasitie species of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitismg British freshwater fish, Institote of Aquaculture, University of Stulmg, Sthling FK9 4LA, UK 5) P. Alvdrez-Pellilero Report about fish parasitic diseases CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas) Institute de Acuicultura Toire de la Sal Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castelldn, Spam 6) Charles McGurk Proliferative Kidney Disease Institote of Aquacultare, Univeisity of StirUng, Scofland and published m Intervef s Aquatic Ammal Healfli Newsletter VI^N NGHlfeN ctru NU6l T R 6 NG THUY SAN IH TSn dl tab Nghien ciru cdng nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nudi cac doi tnwng thuy sin cd gii trj kinh tl cao (nude nggt, Ig, man) Mi si dl tii: KC.07.1S/D6-10 BAO CAO CHUYftN DE i •: Chii nhifm dl tii: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thi Xuin Thu
Ngudi thyc hifn ehuySn de: Nguyin Viet Thiky
Vifn NghiSn ciu NuSi tring Thuy san HI Nha Trang 11/2010 VlfN NGHIEN ctru NU6l T R 6 NG THUY SAN IH Ten de tai: Nghien ciu cdng nghf, hf thing thilt bj dong bf nuoi cac dii tirgrng thuy san cd gii trj kinh ti cao (nude nggt, Ig, man) BAG CAO CHUYEN Bft Chi nhifm dl tii: PGS. TS. NguySn Thj Xuin Thu
Ngudi thyc hifn chuySn dl: Ngnyin Viit Thiiy
Vifn NghiSn ciu Nudi tring Thiy sin III Nha Trang 11/2010 vif N NGHifeN ctru Nu6i TR6NG THCY SAN m 3.6.1. Mi hinh nuii cong nghifp ca hii vin Cin ei tren kit qua phin tieh dinh gii d phin lya chgn cdng nghf, dl dyt ning suit 60-70 kg/m', sin lugng 20 tin ttong diiu kifn d Vift Nam, ching tdi fliyc hifn md hinh nudi cdng nghiep vdi 2 hinh thie Ii: nudi toin hoin (RAS) vi nudi ban tiiin hoin (Semi-RAS) lam eo sd ting kit va nhin rfng md hinh. 3.6.1.1. Mo hinh nuii cing nghifp ea hii van trong hf thing tuin hoan a. Vi tri va thdi gian Mo hinh dugc ttiin khai tai eo sd thi nghiem cia dl tai tai khu phi 4, phudng 7, TP Da Lyt, noi cd di diiu kifn dl triin khai md hinh: cd ngudn nude lanh quanh nam <20°C, cd difn ludi 3 pha, giao flidng liSn kc tiiufn tifn. TTidi gian ta fliing 12/2009 din tiling 12/2010. b. mil ke md hinh Qui trinh dy tbio nudi ci hdi edng nghifp ttong hf thing tuin hoin dugc ap dung dl thyc hifn md hinh, ti viec chgn mat bing den thilt ke he thing nudi vi lip dft thilt bi. Do kinh plii dl tii khdng duge si dyng cho viec xiy dyng co bin nSn ching tdi kit hgp vdi gia dinh dng Phym Van Da dl xiy dyng mft md hinh md phdng d qui md 3 tin/vy nhung cac chi tidu nhu nang suit dat 60-70 kg/m', ty If sing 90% phii dyt dugc khi kit thic md hinh. Khu mft bang si dyng dl ttiin khai md hinh co dien ticb 350 m^ Khu nha dl lap dft hf thing nudi cd todng bao quanh, mii ehe lim bing vft lifu tdn nhya kich thudc 20 X 50 m. 2 bl nudi ci cd thi tich 26,4 m' (dudng kinh 5,8 m chieu cao la 1,5 ra). Chiiu cao myc nude si dyng la 1,0 m, toong ing thi tich nude ttong moi bl li 26,4 m^. Bl ly tim vi tich chit thii rin ed hinh ttdn, thi tich 2 m'. BI Igc co hgc vi ling chit huyin phu ed till tieh 19,2 m^ (8 X 2 X 1,2 m^). Bl Igc sinh hgc cd thi tich 30 m^ (10 x 2 x 1,5 m'). Mgt bf Igc fin lgc gdm 4 ing inox bgc ludi cd kich thude mat ludi 100, 10, 5 vi 1 mieromet ling vio nhau dl loai chit thii rin dang hat trudc khi nude dugc din ta bl lgc co hgc sang bl lgc smh hge. Bl chia cd kich thudc 8 x 6 x 1,2 m^ Ong nude din vio bl chia duge lip vio mgt giin ong khoan 1§ de tich khi CO2, ttong bl bd sung gian syc khi dl tang ngudn 6 xy. Hf thing ing cip nude vi thoit nude bd tti thufn tifn vi diu sd van ddng md d mdi vj ti^ cin diiu chuih. Miy bom (2HP x2) dl borm nude toin hoan. Miy bom 0,5HP dl hit chit thii ta day bl. Bmh Igc cit vi than boat tinh thi tieh 32 m' ding dl lgc tinh h^rde khi dua nude vio be. Mft bf miy sin xuit d xy hifu Gascon cua Dan Mach dugc lap dft ttong nhi de cung cip d xy nguyen chit cho he thing qua bg khuyech tin d xy vi di bgt viSn dyng ldn. Mgt bf diiu khiin vi 2 thing chia thue an dugc lip dit de cho ei in ty dfng. Dl tach bdt chit bin ra khdi he thong trudc khi xi ly sinh hgc, mdt dyng cu tach protein dugc lip d mil bl vi boat dfng lien tyc dl tich Idp ving bin tten mft bl. Nhin ehung, hf thing dugc xiy dung dung theo thiet kl vi lip dft hoan chinh de van hinh vi thyc hifn md hinh. So di hf thing vi bin ve thilt kl xem ngi dung 3,4 vi tai lieu kem theo bao cao. u K^ thu^t nudi Ap dyng qui trinh nudi ei bdi vin cdng nghifp teong hf thing tain hoin dugc trinh biy teong tii lifu kem theo cua bio cao. Trong qui teinh nudi, theo doi mdi trudng thudng xuySn, kip thdi xi \-j khi cd yiu ti vugt ngudng cho phep. Trudng hgp nude nhilm bin nfng, ca cd diu hifu kim in thi thay 1/3-1/2 nude ttong bl nudi bing nude mdi dl tranh phit sinh bfnh teSn ci. d. Biiu kifn mSi tne&ng Diiu chinh ddng chiy dim bio eic yeu ti mdi trudng theo yeu ciu cia qui trinh nudi, luu tie ddng chiy mmg binh dugc duy tti teong phym vi 50-80 lit/phit tuong duong 0,1 kg thic in/m' nude chiy vio bl nudi/ngiy. Vifc didu tilt ddng chiy can ei vio kit qua phin tieh cie yeu td mdi trudng thiy ly, thuy hda vi chit thii rin ttong bl nudi. Trong qui ttinh ttiin khai md hinh, dinh ky khoang 14-15 ngiy ttiay nude mdi dl giim him lugng nittate trong hf thing nuoi. Dao dfng cac chi sd mdi trudng ttong bl nudi vi gii hi trung binh eic chi si dugc duy tti d mic cho phep (bing 3.13). Djnh kj- kiim tta cic yiu ti pH, CO2, NO3, NO2, NH3, HjS bing Test kit cia tc (loai dung cho nude nggt), do d xy bing miy do d xy. Miu nude ti be nudi ra vi miu nude sau khi xu If cip vio bl dugc kiim tra chit rin, ting ni to, ting phot pho, BOD, COD. Bdng 3.1. Cdc chi tieu mdi trudng trong bi nudi ed hdi Cao nhit Chi tISu
Dd siu mic nude (m)
Nhift do nude (°C)
DO (mg/I) Thap nhat
1,0
18
5,8
7,4 1,0
20,0
9,16
8,2
25,36
0,221
0,51
5,77
8,91
5,3
0,51
2,2
6,0 pH
NOi-N (mg/I)
N02-N(mg/I)
Ammonia ting si (mg/I)
C02(mg/1)
Chit rin lo ling (mg/1)
Ting ni to (mg/1)
Ting phdt pho (mg/1)
BOD (mg/1)
COD (mg/1) e, Ket qui thifc hifn mo hinh Kit qui theo ddi cho thiy mdi trudng bl nudi dim bio khi t it ci cd toe do tang tiudng nhanh, ty If sing cao vi he sd thic in hifu qui. Trong thdi gian 12 thing (ta thing 1/2010 din 12/2010), ci gidng ed \xaag bhih 12,2 g dyt 950 g (ing vdi tang tiaidng trung binh Ii 2,87 g/ngay). Ty If sing dat 89%. He si fliie an cua ci li 0,812-1,198, tiimg binh Ii 0,998. Trong qui ttinh nudi, ca khdng mic cic ttifu ching bfnh ly nguy hiim. Thanh phin KST phat hifn tten ca hoi vin ttong hf thing nudi Ii rit it Kiim tta cie miu ca hdi vin chi bit gfp Trichodina sp. vi Gyrodactylus sp. Ty If cim nhilm vi cudng df cam nhilm eua KST cia ci diu thip vi chi yiu ky sinh d nhdt da cua ci. Bang 3.2. Tdng trudng, sons sdt vd hf sd thuc dn cua cd trong he thdng nudi tudn hoan Thdi gian Khii lugmg (g) T y l f s i n g ( %) FCR 1/2010 12 ±2 100 32 ± 5
70 ± 7
90 ± 12
124 ±16
200 ±18
301 ± 22
412 ± 40
534 ± 52
673 ± 79
817 ±116
950 ± 140 99,2
98,3
96,7
95,8
94,7
93,5
92,6
91,3
90,2
89,4
89,0 2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010
6/2010
7/2010
8/2010
9/2010
10/2010
11/2010
12/2010
Trung binh 0,814
0,850
0,886
0,921
0,957
0,993
1,029
1,061
1,107
1,164
1,198
0,998 hdi trong 3.3. Chi lieu ky thudt, ndng sudt lit md hinh nudi ed he thdh
12,2
2112
25,8
26,4 Cd giing (g)
si luomg gidng (con)
Ting khii lugng giong (kg)
Thi tich bl nudi (m^) 1
2
3
4 80
0,98
11
1880
89
71
67
950
1786
2,87 Mft dg tiii (con/m^)
Mit df tiii (kg/m')
Thdi gian nudi (thing)
Ting si ci cdn lai (con)
Ty IS sing (%)
Mit dd thu hoach (con/m')
Ning suit fliu hoach (kg/m^)
Cd ci thu hoach (g)
Sin Iugng (kg)
Ting trudng tiling binh (g/ngay) 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 Bing 3.15 cho thay nang suit ci nudi dat dugc d md hinh Ii 67 kg/m', thdi gian nudi 11 fliing, t^ If sdng 89%. Ting sin lugng ci thu dugc ti md hmh nudi ttii nghiem li 1786 kg. 3.6.1.2. MS hinh nudi ca hii vin cing nghifp trong hf thing bin tuan hoan u. f^ tri vi th&i gian Md hinh dugc ttiin khai tyi co sd nudi ci hdi thuong phim Klong IGanh, thugc Tram nghiSn ciu ei nude lanh Tiy NguySn, tinh Lim Ddng. Noi cd hf thdng giao thdng thufn tifn vi ngudn ludi difn quoc gia. Md hinh duge trien khai ttong thdi gian ta thing 7/2009 din fliing 7/2010. b. Thiit ki md hinh Qui ttinh ky thuit nudi ip dyng cho md binh dugc xay dyng dya trSn qui ttmh ky thuyt nudi ei hdi vin edng nghiep ttong hf thing tuin hoin kin. Md hinh duge trien khai d qui md cdng nghifp, nang suit dy kiln 60-70 kg/m Khu mft bing si dyng dl tiiln khai md hinh cd difn tich 500 m^. Si dyng 2 bl hmh ttdn 21 m' vi 4 bl 10 m' dl nudi tiii nghifm. Ngoai ra si dyng 2 ao cd kich fliudc 20 X 30 m, dd siu 1,0 m lim dii ehing. Nude qua ing din cip tryc tiip vio ao. c. Ky thuft nudi Ap dyng theo qui titoh (dy thio) nudi ci hii van cdng nghiep ttong hf thing toan hoin (cd cii tiin cho p hi hgp), chi -j din luu tic nude dl duy tri him lugng d xy hda tan teong bl/ao d m ic > 6 mg/1. Nude si dyng bin tuin hoin (tain hoin +nude chay) de giim chi phi vi ting cudng khi nang ttao dii nude ttong be nudi. d. Biiu kifn mdi trudng Dao dfng cic chi so mdi tiTjdng teong bl nuoi vi gia trj trang binh cic ehi si dugc tttah bay d bing 3.16. Nhui ehung cie yiu ti mdi ttudng tuong doi in djnh vi nim trong ngudng thich hgp cho ci phat tiien. e.Kitquidgldufre Bing 3.17 ting hgp kit qui cia md hinh nudi ca ttong hf tiling ban tain hoin. Trong flidi gian nudi ta fliing 7/2009 din 7/2010, ca giing co ttung binh 12g dat 1037g, ing vdi tic df tang tiudng tiimg binh la 2,84 g/ngiy. Bang 3.4. Cdc chi tieu moi tncang trong h$ thong nuoi cd hoi vdn bdn tudn hoan Cao nhit Thip nhat
1,0
17
5,8 7,1 1,0
21
7,6
8,0
2,27
0,04
0,08
3,4
4,27
4,0
2,12
4,5 Chi tieu
Dd siu m ie nude (m)
Nhiet df nude (°C)
DO (mg/1)
pH
Niteate (mg/I)
Nittite (mg/I)
Ammonia tdng si (mg/I)
CO2 (mg/I)
Tong nito (mg/1)
Ting phit pho (mg/1)
BOD5 (mg/1)
COD (mg/I) T^ If sing cia ci giim din theo flidi gian nudi vi dat 84,7% (thyc tl ty If hao hyt do ci chit dugc tinh bao gim so ca fliyc tl bi chit vi si ci yiu, chim ldn bi loyi bd khdi hf tiling nudi). Hf si thic an cia ei dao ddng ttong phym vi 0,812 din 1,2, tiung binh Ii 1,010. Ca nudi ttong bf fliing ban tuin hoin tang tiudng nhanh hom nudi teong ao nude chiy, dat khii lugng 1,2 kg ttong cing flidi gian nudi (ci nudi teong ao dat 1,0 kg), he sd ttiic an thip hon, dao ddng ta 0,8-1,1, ttung bhih la 0,934, ei khde manh, it hao hyt ty If song dyt 90% Bdng 3.5. Tdng truong, ti I4 song vd h$ s6 thwc dn (FCR) cua cd hoi trong mo hinh nuoi
hdn tudn hoan vd nu&c chdy. FCR FCR MS hinh nudi Irong ao nirdc chay
Thdi
gian Mo hinh
Thdi
gian Khoi
lugng
(g) T^If
song
(%) 0,80
0,815
0,826
0,85
0,857
0,88
0,92
0,95
1,01
1,10
1,104
1,106 '• nuoi be bdn luan hoin
Tyle
Khii
sdng
Iugng
(%)
(g)
100
99,0
98,5
98,3
96,5
95,3
94,3
94,0
93,6
92,7
91,6
90,2
90,0 12
36
75
105
135
219
315
426
560
690
920
1040
1203 0,812
0,849
0,885
0,921
0,957
0,993
1,029
1,065
1,101
1,137
1,173
1,200 12
34
71
98
126
199
301
412
541
679
847
968
1037 100
95,0
92,5
91,5
90,5
89,3
88,3
87,3
86,3
85,7
85,6
85,1
84,7 0,934 7/2009
8/2009
9/2009
10/2009
112009
12/2009
1/2010
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010
6/2010
7/2010
Trung
binh 1,010 7/2009
8/2009
9/2009
10/2009
112009
12/2009
1/2010
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010
6/2010
7/2010
Trung
binh Kit qui cia md hinh nudi cdng nghifp ci hii vin ttong hf thing ban tain hoin vi nudi dii chiing trong ao nude chiy dugc trinh biy teong bing 3.18. Ning suit ci nudi doi ching ttong ao nude chiy dat dugc Ii 29,4 kg/m\ thip ban nhieu so vdi nudi ttong hf thing ban toin hoin (67,67 kg/m ). Do luu tdc nude ttong be khi Idn, lugng d xy hda tan nhiiu, ci Idn nhanh, ty If sing cao hon nSn dat nang suit cao hon. So sinh vdi hf thing toin hoin, kit qui nudi d he fliing bin toin hoin eung gin taong duong (67 kg/m'). Bang 3.6. Chi tieu ky thudt vd ndng sudt tie mo hinh nuoi cd hoi bdn tudn hoan vd nuoi
trong be/ao nu&c chdy
Chi tiSu Nudi ttong ao
nude chiy
12
20118
241 Nudi ttong he thdng
ban toin hoin
12
5000
60 Cd giong (g)
si lugng giing (con)
Tdng khoi Iugng gidng (kg)
ThS tich bd nudi (m ) 80
62,5
0,75
12
4500
90
56,25
1203
67,67
3,31
5413 600
34
0,40
12
17024
85
28
1037
29,4
2,84
17654 Mft dg thi (eon/m )
Mat dg thi (kg/m^)
Thdi gian nudi (thing)
Ting so ci edn lai (con)
Ty If sing (%)
Mft dd thu hoach (con/m^)
Cd ca thu hoych (g)
Ning suit (kg/m')
Ting trudng (g/ngay)
Sdn lu(mg (kg) Vif N NGHltN CtrtJ NU6l T R 6 NG THtlY SAN IH TSn dl tii: NghiSn ciu cdng nghf, hf thing thiet bj ding bf nudi cac dii tuwng thdy sin cd gii trj kinh ti cao (nirdc nggt, Ig, mf n) Ma si dl tii: KC.07.1S/06-10 BAoCAOCHUYfiNBt X3y dyng mo hinh nu6l ci tim cdng nghiep Chi nhifm dl tai: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj Xuin Thu
Ngifdi thyc hifn chuySn dl: Nguyin Viit Thiy
Vifn NghiSn ciu Nudi tring Thiy sin III Nha Trang 11/2010 VI$N NGHlfiN Ctru NUOI T R 6 NG THUY SAN HI Ten de tai: NghiSn cihi cdng nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nuoi cac doi tugng thiy sin cd gii trj kinh tl cao (nirdc nggt, Ig, man) Ma si dl tii: KC.07.1S/06-10 BAO CAO CHUYfiN Bt XSy dyng mo hinh nuSI ca tam cdng nghiep Chi nhifm dl tii: PGS. TS. NguySn Thj Xuan Thu
Ngudi thyc hifn chuySn dl: Nguyin Viit Thuy
Vifn NghiSn ciu Nudi tring Thiy sin HI Nha Trang 11/2010 3.6.2. Mi hinh nuoi ci tim 1. Md hinh nuoi ca tan Md binh nudi ca tim cdng nghifp dugc xiy dyng dua tten cac hiiu biit vl qui ttinh cdng nghf nudi thuong phim ci tam theo phuong phip ttuyin thong va hifn dai. Trong phuang pbip ttuyin thing, ngudi nuoi c6 thi si dung loai hinh nuoi mi d do nguin nude cung cap cho eic he thing nudi nhu ao dat muong hoic bl xi mang dugc dan ti cic sdng suii nhd ddng nude tu chiy. Ngoai ra ca tim cQng dugc nudi trong long dft d cic sdng vi hd. Nuoi ttong cic he thong nay chi phi thip, yeu ciu ky thuat don giin. Tuy nhien hoat ddng nudi cd tiim in rui ro cao do khdng hoin toin chu dfng dugc nguin nude va thu dgng ttong vice kiim soit mdi trudng nudi vi djch bfnh. Trong md hinh nudi hien dai, ngudi nudi si dyng hf thing tain hoin, tai su dung nude. Loai hinh nudi mdi nay dam bao ea phit ttiin tit do chu dgng quan ly nguon nude, duy tri in dinh moi trudng thich hgp, ding thdi giam thiiu vifc si dyng nguon nude nggt - dugc xem Ii tii nguyen qui trong mft vai thap ky tdi. Han chi si dung ngudn nude thien nhien ttong qui ttinh nudi gdp phin giam thiiu 6 nhilm vi bio tin nguin tii nguyen nude. Trong phan niy md hinh nudi ca tim cdng nghiep ttong he thing toan hoan kin dugc teiln khai vi dii ehing vdi nudi ttong ling d hi chua dl so sinh hieu qui cua cic md hinh. a. Vi tri va thdi gian Md hinh nudi toin hoan dugc triin khai tyi co sd thi nghiem cua dl tai tai khu phi 4, phudng 7, TP Da Lyt ttiufc Vifn NCNTTS III. Md hinh dugc triin khai theo 2 giai doyn gim giai doan nudi ca ldn co 400 - 3000 g ta 12/2009 din 12/2010 va giai doan nudi ei co nhd 80 - 400 g ta thing 7/2010 din thing 12/ 2010. b. Thiit ki mo hinh Md hinh he thing nudi cdng nghifp ca tim tain hoan dugc bd tri tuong tu nhu md hinh nudi cdng nghiep ca hoi. c Ky thuft nudi ei Ap dyng qui ttinh (dy thio) nudi ca tim cdng nghiep ttong hf thong tuin hoan duge tiinh biy d ngi dung V. Diim khic bift la cd bi sung va tiiay nude mdi teong qua ttmh vf sinh vi kiim soit ham Iugng nittate. Md hinh nudi ca Idn dugc trien khai trong thdi gian tu thing 12/2009 din 12/2010. Ting so ci thi ban diu Ii500conc9 tiung binh Ii 417 g. Md hinh nudi ci nhd dugc ttiin khai trong thdi gian ta tiling 7/2010 din tiling 12/2010. Tdng sd ci giing thi ban diu la 522 con cd trung binh 80 g. Mgt si chi tidu ky thuft dugc tdm tit ttong bing 3.18. d. Bleu kifn mdt trudng nudi Dieu kien mdi trudng nudi ci giai doan Idn nhu d bing 3.19. Ddi vdi giai doan ci nhd dieu chinh hf thing ddng chiy vdi luu tic 0,1 kg thic an/m' nude cung cap vao bl ttong ngay nhim dam bio cac yeu ti mdi trudng theo yeu cau cua qui trinh nudi. Cd nghia la niu be nudi ci in hit 1 kg thuc in/ ngay thi cin bo sung 5-10 m' nude mdi vio bl nudi ci ttong ngiy. Cac chi tieu mdi trudng trong be nudi ei tim giai doan nhd (80 len 400 g) do dugc nhu sau: Bdng 3.1. Cdc chi tieu mdi trudng trong be nudi cd tdm trong he thdng tudn hoan Thap nhit
1,0
21
6,8
7,1 Chi tiSu
Dd siu muc nude (m)
Nhift do nude (°C)
DO (mg/1)
pH
Niteate (mg/I)
Niteite (mg/I)
Ammonia ting sd (mg/I)
CO, (mg/1)
Chit rin lo ling (mg/I) Cao nhit
1,0
23
8,0
8,0
25,82
0,221
0,47
5,82
7,5
10,2
4,4 Tins ni to (mg/1)
Tong phot pho (mg/I) 2,65
6,2 BOD (mg/I)
COD (mg/I) e. Ket qua
i) Ting trudng, ty le sing va h$ s6 thic an Qua temh phit ttiin va hf si thic in cua ci tim theo ting giai doan dugc ttinh biy d bang 3.20 vi bang 3.21. Ca nuoi trong he flidng nudi tain hoin phat bien khi tot, bleu hifn qua tic do ting tiudng nhanh vi ty If sing cao. Ca ed nhd (ca giing) ta 80g sau 5 fliing nudi dat trang binh 412 g va cd ty le sing dat 96,7% (Thyc te thi ty If hao hut Ii do mdt si ci cd kich thudc nhd hem so vdi quin din da khdng ed kha nang canh tranh thuc in din din bi coi va bi loai khdi bl nudi). Tdc do ting tradng trang binh vl khii lugng cua ci li 2,2 g/ngiy. Ca cd trang binh 417g sau 12 thing nudi dat 3134 g, ing vdi tic do ting tiudng trung binh cho ci qua trinh Ii 8,5 g/ngay. Ty If sing cua ci dat 100%. FCR khi thip vi cd xu hudng ty if thuin vdi tuii ca. FCR cua ci co 417 g la 0,931 va tang len 1,251 khi cadat3134 g. Gia tri FCR trung binh li 1,036. Sy khic biet vl tic do ting tiudng cua ci tim trong quin din la kha cao, biiu hien qua gii trj eao eua do If ch ehuin vl khoi Iugng. Tai thdi diim danh gia, khdi Iugng trung binh cua ca dat 3134 g va cd do lech chuan la 524 g. Tylfsine(%) Bdng 3.2. Tdng trudng, ty If sdng vd FCR cua cd tdm ca nhd trong hf thdng tudn
hoan FCR 100
99,2
98,2
97,5
97,1
96,9 Khii luang (g)
80 ±17
114±32
153 ±42
214 ±62
307 ±81
412 ±93 0,905
0,905
0,912
0,914
0,918
0,909 Thdi gian
7/2010
8/2010
9/2010
10/2010
11/2010
12/2010
Trune binh Bdng 3.3. Tdng trudng, ty If sdng vd FCR ciia cd tdm cd ldn trong he thSng tudn
hoan Khii luvne (e)
417 ±62
528 ±103
565± 112
787 ±132
897 ±142
1090 ±156
1295 ± 367
1512±391
1745 ±441
1987 ±460
2235 ± 482
2645 ± 507
3134 ±524 •Thdi elan
12/2009
1/2010
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010
6/2010
7/2010
8/2010
9/2010
10/2010
11/2010
12/2010
Trung binh FCR
_
0,921
0,921
0,931
0,944
0,945
0,983
1,001
1,098
1,112
1,156
1,211
1,215
1,036 Trong qui ttinh nudi ca tam d ci hai giai doyn khong biiu hifn cac ttieu
ching nhilm bfnh. Kiim tra thanh phin ky sinh bung teen ea tim trong he fliing
nudi bit gap it Kiem tta 8 miu ci tim ehi bit gap 2 loai ky sinh li Trichodina sp.
vi Gyrodactylus sp. Ty If cim nhilm vi eudng dd cim nhilm ky sinh trung cua ca
deu thip vi ehu yiu ky sinh d nhdt da. ii) Cac chi ti6u ky thuat va ning suit Kit qui ttiin khai md hinh nudi cdng nghiep ci tim ttong hf thing tuin hoin dugc trinh bay trong bing 3.22. Ti kit qua md hinh nudi cho thiy nang suit ca tai thdi diim danh gia dat
duge li 61,67 kg/m' tuong duong vdi 43,17 kg/m^. Trong qua trinh nudi, ea cd
trung binh 3134 g ed hoat dgng bit mii binh thudng, khdng cd biiu hifn bi chfm
ldn. Diu hifu nay ching td diiu kien thuy ly vi thuy hda ttong mdi trudng nudi
phu hgp, d mat dd nuoi 13,77 con/m^ tuong ing vdi 19,68 con/m' vi myc nude
nudi 0,7 m la phi hgp cho ci tim co 3 kg phit ttiin binh thudng. Bdng 3.4. Chi tieu ky thuat vd ndng sudt tit md hinh nudi cd tdm Ci tim cd nhd Ci tamed ldn CS giing (g)
si lugng giong (con)
Ting khoi Iugng giing (kg)
Difn tieh bl si dyng (m')
Do siu mie nude (m)
TbI tich be (m')
Mat do ban diu (con/m^)
(con/m') C9 giing (g).
Sd luong giong (eon)
Tdng khii luong gidng (kg)
Difn tich be si dung (m^)
Do siu muc nude (m)
The tieh be (m')
Mat do ban diu (con/m^)
(con/m') 417
500
208,5
36,30
0,7
25,41
13,77
19,68
5,74 sinh khdi ban diu (kg/m^) (kg/m') Smh khii ban diu (kg/m^)
(kg/m') 8,21
12
500
100
3134 80
522
41,7
36,30
0,7
25,41
14,38
20,54
1,15
1,64
5
506
96,93
412 Thdi gian nudi (thing)
Sd ca con lai (con)
Ty If sdng sau 12 thing (%)
Co ci sau 12 thing (g)
Mat do sau 12 thing (con/m^)
(con/m') Thdi gian nudi (thing)
Sd ci cdn lai (con)
Ty le song sau 5 thing (%)
Co ei sau 5 thing (g)
Mit dg sau 5 thing (con/m^)
(eon/m') Sinh khii sau 12 thing (kg/m^) 13,94
19,91
5,74 (kg/m') Sinh khii sau 5 thing (kg/m^)
(kg/m') 13,77
19,68
43,17
61,67
1567 San Iugng sau 12 thing (kg) 8,20
208 Sin lucmg sau 5 thing (kg) Nhu viy, niu triin khai md hinh nudi ca tim trong he tiidng nudi tuan hoin
ta CO ea giing nhd (80 g) thi thdi gian nudi cin thilt de ci dat kich cd 3 kg la 17
tiling. Mdt bl nudi cd thi ticb 30 m' cd tbi nudi dat san Iugng 1500 kg.
3.6.2.2. Mo hinh nudi ci tam trong ling d hi chia 0. Vi tri vi thdi gian Md hinh nudi ling dugc ttiin khai tyi hi Tuyin Lim, thinh phd Da Lyt. Thdi gian nudi 17 thing tu 7/2009 den 12/2010. Co ca flii nudi trang binh la 78 g. b. Thiit ki mo hinh Md hinh dugc thilt kl dya teSn he tiidng ling be nii tten hi Tuyin Lam. He thing be nudi gdm cd 14 be. Mdi be dugc ci dinh nhd cac neo vi dugc lam nii nhd cic thing phi bing nhua. Be gim cd he fliing d khung gd hinh vudng, kich fliudc mdi be li 16 x 5 ml Chiiu dii canh mdi 6 khung gd la 2,2m. Trong mdi khung gd ed gin long ludi nudi ci. Long ludi dugc tiiilt kl gom khung sit hinh lip phucmg kich thudc 2,2 m va dugc bao bing ludi cd kich thudc 2a=5 mm. Phin khung ldng dugc gin vao khung cac d vudng cua be. Do siu cua ling la 3,5 m trong do mic nude trong ling la 3,0 m. Do siu muc nude tyi noi dat ling Ii 12-15 m. Tren be cd nha phuc vy sinh hoat vi bio quan thuc an, thilt bi. Cd thuyin de qua lai giua be vi dit liln. Bdng 3.5. Cdc chi tieu mdi trudng nude trong long nudi cd ldm Thap nhat
18
5,8 7,1 Cao nhat
23,5
7,5
8,5
1,2
0,01
0,04
2,3
2,17 2,1
4,32 Chi tieu
Nhift do nude (°C)
DO (mg/I)
pH
Nitrate (mg/I)
Nitrite (mg/1)
Ammonia tdng sd (mg/1)
CO2 (mg/1)
Tdng phit pho (mg/1)
BOD (mg/1)
COD (mg/1) e. Ky thuft nuoi Theo hudng din ky thuat chim sdc vi quin ly ci tim nudi ling ho chia cua Vien Nghien ciu NTTS III. d. Biiu kifn moi trudng Djnh ky theo doi eic yiu ti mdi tiudng. Dao dgng cac chi sd mdi trudng trong long nuoi va gia tti ttung binh eic chi si dugc ttinh biy d bang 3.23. Nhin ehung cac yiu ti mdi ttudng tuong dii in djnh va nim trong ngudng thich hgp cho ca tim phit trien. Bang 3.6 Tdm trudng. ti le sdng va FCR ciia cd tdm nuoi long FCR Khoi
litme(e) Thdi gian
nuoi
7/2009 78 ±18 Tylf
song(%)
100 98,8
97,8
95,3
93,3
91,5
90,7
89,7
89,3
88,7
88,7
88,7
88,7
88,7
88,7
88,7
88,7
88,7 105 ± 24
151±31
203 ± 46
294 ±46
401 ± 93
506 ±115
604 ±134
712 ±134
824 ± 179
1016 ±224
1217 ±256
1423 ± 256
1633 ± 256
1850 ±287
2135 ±312
2479 ±436
2908 ± 547 8/2009
9/2009
10/2009
11/2009
12/2009
1/2010
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010
6/2010
7/2010
8/2010
9/2010
10/2010
11/2010
12/2010 0,911
0,911
0,913
0,913
0,921
0,922
0,934
0,934
1,011
1,042
1,086
1,086
1,086
1,171
1,224
1,245
1,253
1,033 Trune binh e. Kit qui dgt duprc , ^ ^ Qua ttinh phit ttiin vi hf si thic in cia ei tim nudi d long ttong ho chia dugc titoh biy d bing 3.24. Ci sing trong ling phit teiln khi tit. Ci c8 bung binh 78 g sau 17 ttiing dat 2908 g/con, ung vdi tic df tang hudng trung binh cho ca qui trinh li 5,54 g/ngiy. T^ If sing cua ca ttong 5 tiling diu dat 89,3%. Ty le song dat 100% khi nudi ei ta cd 689 g len 2908 g/con. Hifu qui si dyng tiiic in khi cao vi FCR cd xu hudng t^ If fliufn vdi tail ci. FCR dat dugc d ci 78 g la 0,911 vi ting len 1,253 khi ci dat 2908 g. FCR tiung binh li 1,033. Tuong ty nhu kit qui nudi ttong hf thing tiiin hoan, ei tim cd tic df tang ttudng trong quin din rit khic nhau, biiu hifn qua gia tii cao cua dg If ch chuin vl khii Iugng ci. Tai flidi diim dinh gia, khii Iugng ttung binh cia ci dat 2908 g cd df If ch chuin Ii 547 g. Trong qui ttirfli nudi ngoai tii mgt si ci bj edi do khdng lay dugc thie an do sic canh ttanh kem vi bi loai bd, tit ci cac ci cdn ki khdng mic cac trifu ching bfnh ly nguy hiim, khdng ed biiu hien bit fliudng. Ket qui nudi ci tim ttong ling d ho chia nhu d bing 3.25 Bdng 3.7. CM tieu ky thudt vd ndng sudt tit md hinh nudi cd tdm trong long 78
7423
579
568
13,07
1,02 Cd giong (g)
So lugng giong (con)
Ting khii lugng giing (kg)
Difn tich day ling (m^)
Mit do ban diu (eon/m^)
Sinh khii ban diu (kg/m^) 17
6587
88,74
2908 Thdi gian nudi (thing)
si ca cdn lai (con)
Ty If sdng sau 17 thing (%)
C9 ci sau 17 thing (g)
Mft do sau 17 thing (con/m^) 11,60
33,72 Sinh khii sau 17 thing (kg/m^) 19155 San Iugng sau 17 thing (kg) Kit qui md hinh nudi cho thiy ning suit ca nudi tai thdi diim thu hoach dat duge li 33,72 kg/m^. Trong qui trinh nudi, ca cd trang binh 2908 g vin boat ddng bit mii binh thudng, khdng cd biiu hien bj chfm Idn. Diu hieu niy ching td ngoii diiu kien thuy ly vi thiy hda ttong mdi tradng nude nudi phi hgp, mat do nuoi 11,60 con/m^ Ii phu hgp cho ca tim cd trang binh 3 kg phat triin binh thudng. 3.6.2.3. So sanh tang trudng eua ci tim d 2 loyi hinh nuoi Kit qui vl ting tiudng cia ci dugc ttmh biy d binh 3.33. • 3500 3000 - - • • - c f i i a m n u e i l o ng /ft 2500 ca ( am nu&i b 4n t t f in 4' u 2000 h o an /* -3 y^ 3 1S00
1000 • i^ 500 • - • • • • -• 0 1 : 3 4 S 6 7 e e 10 17 12 13 14 15 ie 17 IB TUM B^n nu3l Hinh 3.1. Tdng tru&ng khoi luang ca tdm nudi a h$ thdng tudn hoan vd d ling hd
chua Ket qua ti md hinh nudi ea tim teong hf thong tain hoin va ttong ling d hd chia cho thiy md hinh nudi ca trong be thing tuin hoin cho kit qui uu diim hon so vdi md hinh nudi long. Ca tang tradng nhanh, dat ty If sing cao vi hieu qua chuyin hda thuc in tot. Ty If sing ci nudi trong hf thing toan hoan dyt 95,7% va hf so thic an la 1,064 cao ban so vdi cac chi tiSu niy d nudi ling ndi Ii 88,7% vi 1,033. Mie df in djnh cua mdi tradng va khi ning kiim soit vifc su dyng thuc an cua ci trong nudi toin hoin li ly do eo bin din den nhing kit qua Idn nhanh hon vi thic an si dung hifu qui hon cua ca ttong md hinh nudi toin hoin so vdi nudi ling nii d hi chia. Tuy vay viec ap dyng loai hinh nudi ttong he thing tain hoin ddi hdi ydu ciu cao hon vl chuydn mdn ky thuat, diu ta thilt bi vi nguin ning Iugng dl van hinh bf thdng nudi. Vi vfy d nhing noi khdng cd ngudn difn thufn tifn, khi ning diu ta ban che, ip dyng loyi hinh nudi ci tim teong cac ling la phu hgp. Kit qui teiln khai md hinh eho thiy cd thi ip dung hai loai hinh nudi gdm nudi ci tim ttong hf thdng tain hoin (kin hoac bin tuin hoin) vi trong ling ndi d hd chia dl phit triin hinh thie nudi cdng nghiep cho dii tagng ci tim. Trong cic hf thing nudi ci ldn nhanh, khdng bi bfnh nguy hiim, khdng cd diu hifu tdn thuong vi dat t^ If sing eao. Bdng 3.8. So sdnh ket qud nuoi cd hoi, cd tdm & cdc loai hinh Ci lam nuoi Cd hoi van nuoi trong hf thong Chi lieu ' Irong hf thing Tuin hoin Tuin hoin Nudi ling B I n u de
chay Bin toin
hoin 19,7 13 34 80 62,5 Mat df thi
(con/m') 80 70 12 12,2 12 Cd giing 12 12 12 12 12 2,87 2,84 3,31 8,46 7,86 tiia(g)
Thdi gian
nudi
(ttiing)
Ticdg 0,998 0,934 1,010 1,064 1,033 tang
trudng
(g/ngiy)
FCR 89 90 85 95J 88,7 Tylf sing 67 67,67 29,4 61,67 33,72 . ^
1036 1203 1037 3134 2908 Ning suit
(kg/m')
Kichcdci thu hoach BO N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N6NG TH6N VEfN N G H I EN Ctrtj NUOl T R O NG THU* S AN HI TSn de tai; NghiSn cum cdng nghe, hf thong thiet bj dong bg nudi cic dii tugmg thuy sin c6 gia tri kinh tl cao (nude nggt, l^, mf n) BAO CAO CHUYEN DE M i s i d l t i i: KC.07.15/06-10 X AY D\rNG M6 HiNH NUOl B AO N GU THEO HINH THtTC CONG NGHIEP Chu nhifm de tai/dy: i n: PGS. TS. Nguyin Th| Xuan Thu Ngudi chu tri thyc hifn ehuySn de: Ths. LS Trung Ky Thufc CO quan/dcm vj: Vifn NghiSn Cuu Nuoi Tring Thiy San IH Nhing ngudi phoi hgrp thyc hifn: LKS.LS Hoang Hii 2. KTV. Nguyen Van Nham 3. KTV. Nguyin Vin USn Nha Trang, 2010 BAO CAO CHUYEN DE XAY DVTVG M6 HINH NU6I BAO NGIT THEO HINH THtic C6NG NGHIEP Phuong p h ip Dgt I bit dau ta 12/2009, tbi nudi 227 con gidng bao ngu vinh tai (Haliotis asinina) dugc sin xuit tai Vifn NCNTTS III. Co gidng 2,57 cm (chiiu dii) va 3,68 g/con (khii lugng). Dgt II ta thing 7/2010, tiip tyc thi nudi 35.000 con bio ngu chin Id (Haliotis diversieolor) nhip tu Trung Quic. Giing bio ngu chin id cd chieu dai vi khoi lugng taong ing Ii 2,05 cm vi 1,44 g. - Mft df nudi: mft do thi nudi ban diu la 2000 con/m^ Idng nudi hinh ehu nhat Khi bio ngu dat kich cd 4-5 em nudi d mat do ta 500 eon/m^ ling hinh ttdn. Giim mat df xuing 100 eon/m^ long khi bio ngu dat kich cd 5-6 cm - Thie in va cho an: rong ciu chi ving (Gracilaria asiatica) dugc si dung lim thic an eho bio ngu. Cho bao ngu an 2 ngay/lin, si lugng taong duong 10% khdi lugng thin cia bio ngu. - Theo doi ting ammonia, NO2, NO3, CO2, DO, TSS, TN, TP, BOD5 dl duy tri cio yeu ti mdi tradng on dinh phu hgp cho bao ngu phat ttiin. - Dinh kjf 15 ngay/lin cin do khoi lugng toin thin vi chieu dai vd cua bio ngu de theo
dai tic df ting tiudng (si miu liy ngiu nhien 30 con). Khii lugng cua bao ngu dugc xac
djnh bing cin difn t i, chiiu dii vd eua bio ngu dugc xic dinh bang thudc kep. Kit qui Ket qui nudi bio ngu trong he thong tuin hoin 0. Nudi bio ngu vinh tai Irong hf thing luan hoin Ting tiudng va ty If sdng eia bio ngu vinh tai nudi ttong md hinh tain hoin dugc trinh bay d bing 3.27. Sau 330 ngay nudi bio ngu dat ehilu dii va khii Iugng li 5,36 cm; 49,17 g. Sau 270 ngiy nudi da so bio ngu dat kich cd thucmg phim (40 g). b. NuSi bio ngir chin IS Irong hf thong luan hoin Sau 5 thing nudi trong hf flidng toin hoin, bio ngu chin Id cd chiiu dii va khii Iugng tiung binh taong ing li 4,49 cm vi 12,79 g, dat ty If sing 86,56% (bang 3.28) vi he si ttiie an la 10,89. Bao ngu chin Id nhip ti Tnmg Quoc ed sy tang ttudng chfm d 2 thing diu ta 1,44 g len 3,42 g nhung d cic thing sau mie ting tradng Ii khi nhanh, dat 14,34 g sau 5 thing. Ly do dieu kien khi hiu d Mien Trang thing 5- 6 khi ndng, khdng phi hgp cho su phat ttiSn cua loai bao ngu nay d giai dgan dau (nhift do qui cao). Bdng 3.1. Tdng trudng vd ty le song cua bdo ngu vdnh tai d hf thdng nuoi tudn hoan. Thdi gian nudi (ngay) Chiiu dii (cm) Khii lugng (g) Ty le sing (%) 100
96,5
94,54
93,14
92,23
90,72
88,55
88,10
88,10
88,10
88,10
88,10 3,68 ± 2,92
6,13 ± 3,68
9,75 ± 2,34
13,97 ±7,06
18,15 ±8,93
23,18 ±5,9
27,02 ±5,17
31,23 ±6,69
35,38 ±7,15
40,34 ±6,01
44,23 ± 6,88
49,17 ±5,66 2,57 ± 0,4
2,63 ± 0,43
2,91 ± 0,23
3,41 ± 0.59
3,83 ± 0,47
4,10 ±0,21
4,31 ±0,18
4,53 ± 0,39
4,67 ±0,4
5,00 ±0,31
5,18 ±0,45
5,36 ± 0,33 1
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330 Bdng 3.2. Tdng truong vd ty U song cua bdo ngu chin 16 nuoi trong he thong tudn hoan
Thai gian nuoi (ng^y) Chigu dai (cm) Khoi luang (g) Ty le song (%) 100
97,7
95,14
93,6
92,23
90,02
89,05
88,7
87,1
86,56 1,44 ±0,28
1,67 ±0,40
2,21 ± 0,63
2,56 ± 0,53
3,42 ± 0,85
5,11 ±1,03
6,72 ±1,55
8,2 ±1,55
10,12 ±2,11
14,34 ±2,30 2,05 ±0,196
2,12 ±0,22
2,33 ± 0,34
2,37 ± 0,28
2,47 ± 0,38
2,66 ± 0,4
2,77 ± 0,48
3,28 ±0,41
4,16 ±0,56
4,79 ±0,83 1
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
150 Bdng 3.3. Sinh khdi ciia bdo ngu (vdnh tai vd chin Id) trong he thdng tudn hoan Thing vinh tai Bio n^v chin li Ngiy
nuoi Co giong (g) Cd
giong Sin
lugng San
lugng euamd
hinh Sinh
khii
(kg/m' (g) (kg Sinh
khii
(kg/m') (kg Tyle
sing
(% Bao nsu
Tylf
sing
(%) 3,68
6,13
9,75
13,97
18,15
23,68
27,02
31,23
35,38
40,34
44,23
49,17 0,83
1,34.
2,09
2,95
3,79
4,77
5,43
6,24
7,07
8,06
8,84
9,83 1
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330 100
96,5
94,54
93,14
92,23
90,72
88,55
88,10
88,10
88,10
88,10
88,10 0,04
0,06
0,10
0,14
0,19
0,23
0,27
0,31
0,35
0,40
0,44
0,49 1,44
2,21
3,42
6,72
10,12 12/2009
1/2010
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010
6/2010
7/2010
8/2010
9/2010
10/2010
11/2010
12/2010 100
95
92
89
87
86,56 14,34 50,40
73,48
110,12
209,33
308,15
435,17 2,52
3,67
5,50
10,46
15,40
21,75 Ting
sinh
khoi 2
loii
(kg/m')
0,04
0,06
0,10
0,14
0,19
0,23
0,27
2,83
4,03
5,91
10,91
15,89
21,75 Kit thic md hinh, nang suit dat dugc ta mo hinh nudi Ii 21,75 kg/m' (bing 3.29). Ning suit nay thip hom nhiiu so vdi du kiln li 100 kg/m'. Tuy vyy d thdi diim hifn tyi, bao ngu vin sinh trudng t it khdng cd biiu hifn chfm ldn hay mang mim bfnh, ching td hf thing thilt bj tuin hoin d day phi hgp cho nudi bio ngu cdng nghifp. Dl tii chua dat dugc nang suit du kiln la do triin khai md binh chfm, khi kit thue dl tai bio ngu ehua dat kich ed thuong phim. Si bio ngu nay di giao cho Ban quan I^ khu Bio tdn sinh thii Ran Trio, buyf n Van Ninh, Khanh Hda thi nuii dl khdi phyc ngudn Igi (do dl tii hit kinh phi duy tti nudi tiip md hinh). c Kit qui nuSi bio ngu Irong ling treo ngoii biin (doi chimg) Nudi bio ngu theo qui trinh edng nghf di dugc dl xuit eia Le Die Minh, 2001 [5]. Thdi gian nudi bat diu ta 6/2009 kit thuc vio 5/2010. Bio ngu vinh tai cd giing 4,22g/eon dugc nudi kit hgp vdi doanh nghifp tu nhin Hoing Phit tai Ciy si 6, Cam Ranh, Khanh Hda. Bdng 3.4. Kit qud nudi bdo ngir vdnh tai trong ldng treo d bien Thdi gian Khii lirpng (g) T^lesing(%) Ting sin liepng (kg) 242 100
94,32
93,62
92,15
91,01
88,27
87,74
86,12
85,78
84,98
84,31
84,12 4,22
6,05
8,84
11,74
16,36
22,36
25,75
28,12
32,57
35,39
41,25
44,24 ttuSl
6/2009
7/2009
8/2009
9/2009
10/2009
11/2010
12/2020
1/2010
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
5/2010 Sd Iugng thi nudi li 6500 con d mit dg 1000 con/m^ ling giai dgan diu va 500 con/m long d giai doyn sau. Thic in la rong ciu ehi ving, djnh ky cho an 2 ngiy/lin theo nhu ciu cia bio ngu. Bio ngu chin lo cd ed giong thi nudi taong tu nhu nudi trong md hinh tuin hoin, dugc nudi tai Viing Ngin, Nha Trang, Khinh Hda. Si Iugng bao ngu chin Id thi nudi Ii 2000 con; myt do nudi ban diu 1000 eon/m^ sau dd giim cdn 500 con/m d giai dgan sau. Thic in vi chi dd cho an tuong tu nhu d md hinh tuin hoin. Tai hai vj tti dit be nudi bio ngu, nhin ehung chit Iugng nude dat yeu ciu cho nudi bio ngu theo tiSu chuin. Sau 1 nim, bao ngu vinh tai dyt khii lugng trung binh 44,24 g, t^ If song 84,12%. Dii vdi bio ngu 9 id, sau 150 ngiy nudi d ling teeo teen be ngoii biin bio ngu dyt khii lugng 13,79 g vi ty If sing 63,35% (bing 3.31). Bdng 3.5. Ket qud nudi bdo ngu ehin lo trong long treo d bien. Thdi gian nudi (ngiy) Khdi Iugng (g) Tj* If sing (%) Ting san Iugng (kg) 100
90,12
84,75
80,56
76,54
75,72
70,42
68,47
65,65
63,35 1,44 ±0,28
1,62 ±0,38
1,89 ±0,58
2,13 ± 0,44
3,18 ±0,79
4,99 ±1,18
6,13 ±1,49
8,24 ±1,49
9,88 ± 1,56
13,79 ±2,00 17,47 1
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
150 3.6.3.8. So sinh hai mi hinh nuii tuin hoin vi nuoi be Bio ngu vinh tai vi bao ngu cbui 16 nudi trong he thdng taan hoin diu cd tic df ting trudng nhanh hon vi ty If song cao hom bio ngu nudi d bd. Sau 1 nam bio ngu nudi ttong hf tiling tain hoin dat tiung bmh 49,17 g, ti If sing 88,1% teong 6 khi dd bao ngu nudi ling dyt 44,24 g vi 84,12%. Sau 150 ngay nudi bao ngu chin Id teong hf thong tuin hoan ldn nhanh hon bio ngu nudi ling biin va cung cd ti If song cao hon (86,56% so vdi 63,35%). L^ do la teong hf thing tuin hoin, cic diiu kifn mdi trudng nudi taong ddi dn djnh, khdng cd biin dfng Idn nhu d ngoii biin di tao thuin Igi cho bio ngu sinh tiudng phit teien. Bio ngu duge nudi d be ngoii ty nhidn thudng ed ty If ti vong eao do khdng kiim soit dugc cac biin ddng eua mdi tradng nudi. current and fiitiire. Shellfish Research, 2001 (20): 567-570. [2] www.uni-aqua.com. Cfp nhft ngiy 22 thing 10 nim 2010. (3] Ld Diic Mmh. Nghidn ciiu kj^ thuft nudi thuong pham loii bio ngu vinh tai ti nguin giing sinh sin nhin tyo vi ty nhidn d viing biin Khinh Hda. Bio cao khoa hgc - Dl tii cip bf (2000 - 2001). Vifn NghiSn ciu Nuii teing Thiy sin III. 2001:62 teang. 22 VI|;N NGHI£N ctiu NU6I TRONG THCY SAN m BAO CAO CHUY£N DE NGHI&N CtitJ Mti"C ©0 6 NHlfiM CHAT THAI RAN VA CHAT THAI HUtr CO Ttr cAc HJ THONG NU6I VA BlfN PHAP Xti" Lt I MdBAU d nude ta, nudi tring thiy sin (nude nggt, Ig, mfn) di vi dang phit triin mynh vi mang lyi hifu qui kinh tl ldn. Tuy nhiSn, ching cing di inh hudng lai khdng nhd din mdi trudng ving nudi. Trong thdi gian gin diy, hifn tugmg thuy sin chit do mdi trudng d nhilm, djch bfnh xiy ra giy thift hai ldn cho ngudi din nudi thiy sin. Chinh vi vfy, vin dd chat lugng nude si dyng vi nude thii ttong sin xuit nudi thiy sin li mgt vin dd dang dugc quan tim. Thie in du fliia, hda chit si dyng, phin dfng vft thiy sin ttong qui trinh nudi di lim xiu di mdi ttudng sinh sing cia smh vft vi ching itfli hudng tryc tiip ddn sic khde dfng vft nudi cing nhu tic dfng din mdi trudng xung quanh. DI gdp gin bao vf mdi tnidng vi phit triin nudi teong thiy sin bin vitng, giim sy rii ro trong nudi tring thiy sin flil vifc xi ly nude ttong sin xuit dim bio cic yiu ti mdi trudng li cin thilt cho nudi thiy sin hifn nay. Di cd nhiiu phuong phip xi If mdi trudng nude ndi ehung. Tuy nhidn, ttong nudi tiSng thiy sin phuomg phip lgc smh hgc li mft phuang phip xi If hifu qui dugc nghien ciu ip dyng. DS tii "NghiSn ciu cdng nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nudi cic ddi tagng fliiy sin cd gii trj kinh td cao (nude nggt, Ig, mfn)" tiiln khai di xiy dyng dugc cdng nghf xi 1^ chit lugmg nude vi hf thing thilt bj tich cic chit thii rin, hiiu CO ra khdi mdi tiudmg nudi. Tuy nhiSn, dl dinh gii dugc hifu qui xi if cia cdng nghf, ching tdi tiin hinh thyc hifn chuyin dl "Nghien du nuic dd d nhiim chit thai rdn va ehdt thdi h&u catticdchf thing nudi va bifn phdp xii I}" nhim khio sit flieo ddi chit lugng mdi tiiidng dim bio cho qui tiinh nudi cic dii tagmg ci hii, ca tim vi bio ngu. n. PHITONGPHAP NGHIDN ctiti 2.1. Sinh gii cic thSng si liSn quan din S nhilm chit thii An, chit thii hfru cu tii cic hf thing nudi. i, MS htoh hf thing nuSi tiiin hoin khdp khi cic doi tiigng ci hdi, ci tim vi bio ngu dugc tiiilt kl nuSi tirang cic bl composite, xi ming dung tich Idn hofc ling hinh fliic ttii byt Vi vfy, nguySn nhin cia 6 nhilm chit tiiii Ai vi chit thii hiu co niu cd dugc bit nguin ti chit lugmg nude ban diu dua vao hf fliing vi sy 6 nhiim do sy tich ty teong qui trinh nudi cia m§t lugmg fliic in du fliia, phin dgng vft thiy sin yi mft si sin phim dugc si dyng tixmg suit qui ttinh nuSi. Ti ngudn gSc nguydn nhin giy S nhidm, vifc xac djnh cie flidng so nghiSn ciiu d nhidm chit thii rin vi chit thii hihi co nhu sau: • 6 nhilm chat rin: gim t&ig chit rin, chit rin lo ldng (TSS). * 6 nhiem chit hiu ca: COD, BOD, tdng N, ting P, TAN 2.2. Bii tugrng nghlSn cuu: Trdn ca sd khio sit nim 2009, ching tdi xac djnh ddi tagng nghiSn eiu li cic n^u nude trong cic hf thing phyc vy nuSi cie dii tagng ci hSi, ci tim vi bio ngu. M3U nude nggt dugc thu tyi md hinh tain hdan nudi ucmg, ip tring ci
hoi tyi Di lyt Miu nude m|n dugc fliu tyi md hinh tuin hoin nudi bio ngu tyi
Vyn Ninh. 2.3. Phuomg phip thu miu nghiSn cdn Tyi mSi mS ttinh, tiin hinh thu 3 loyi min ridng bift: miu nude cip, miu nude qua xi 1^ cia hf tuin hoin vi mSu nude thii tii si dyng trong hf thing dl dinh gii mie df S nhilm chit thii, chit hthi co cd thi cd cia qui trinh nudi. Cic miu nude thu vio can nhya sych polyetylen : dl phin tich cic thdng si ting chit'iin, chit rin la litag (TSS), COD miu dugc liy vi bio quin lynh. Vdi cic flidng s6 ting N, ting P vi TAN miu dugc ci djnh bing acid H2SO4 50% din pH < 2. Sau dd miu dugc dua din phdng thi nghifm phin tich. Xic djnh BOD miu dugc thu vio chai niu nudi ciy vi smb. 2.4. Phutmg phip phin tich. Ting chit rin dugc xic djnh flieo phuong phip tirgng lugng Chit rin la Ittag (TSS) tiieo TCVN 6625:2000 - COD: phuong phip peimanganate ttong mdi trudng kiim dii vdi nude Ig mfn hofc phuong phip dicromat dii vdi nude nggt BOD: phuong phip syc bio hda dxy vi nudi ciy vi smb. Xac djnh Ammonia flieo TCVN 5988-95 Xac djnh Nittite flieo TCVN 6178-96 Xic djnh Nitrate tiieo TCVN 6180-96 Xac djnh TAN flieo ting cia NHj, NOj vi NO3 Tong Nittogen: Cic nitrogen d cac dyng khac nhau dugc oxy hda thinh nittate. Nitrate bi khi thinh nitrite qua cdt cathnitim. Nitrite dugc do vdi thuic thi a- Naphthylamin va acid sulfanilic, bude sdng 525 nm tedn specbrophotometer. Ting phosphate: Cac phosphate d cic dyng khic nhau tin tyi teong nude dugc oxy hoa thinh 0- phosphate. Phosphate dugc do vdi thuic thi Molipdate vi potassium antunony tartrate teong acid ascorbic, bude sdng 890 nm tirSn specttophotometer. - TCVN 5993-1995(ISO 6878:1986). HI. NOl DUNG NGHltN CtiU VA KET QUA B^T BXTtJIC. 3.1. Chat thii rin vi chit thai hiia ea trong hf thing tuin hoan nuii ci hii, ci tim tyi Bi Lyt Trong cic mSi htoh nudi, chit thii cd nguin gic ti: fliic in thia, phin vi chuySn hoi dmh dudng dd li nguin gdc chi ydu giy S nhilm d cac ca sd nudi. Lugng chit thii sinh ra cd lidn quan vdi cdng nghf sin xuit fliic in vi hf fliing nudi dugc tiiilt kd. ThSng fliudng nito vi photpho li nhOng nguySn ti ehi ydu ttong chit fliii bit nguin tii fliic in. Thic in di tan hoJc fliic in khd hip tiiu dd li nguii gic lim tang tSng him lugmg chit rin vi ting chit ran hao tan ttong hf tiling nuSi. De tii tiin hinh nghien ciu biin dfng cic chit thai rin ttong hf thing nudi dl dinh gii hifu qui cia hf thong lgc co hgc tien eo sd dd lim rd duge vai ttd bio ve mdi ttudng cia hf thong nudi tuan hoan. Lugng chit tiiM smh ra ttong hf thing nudi bit nguin ta thic an. Thic in dl tan hofc thic an khd hip thu ddu li nguin gic lam tang ting him lugng chit rin vi ting chit rin hda tan ttong hf fliing nudi. Kit qui theo ddi vl diin biin ting chit rin hda tan (TSS) vi nhu ciu d xy sinh hda (BOD) ttong hf thing nudi ci hoi dugc ttinh biy ttong hinh 3.36. Him lugng TSS vi BOD ttong mau nude ta be nudi ci cao hon rit nhiiu so vdi ttong miu nude thu d vj tri sau hf thing lgc co hgc. Ching td hf thing bl ling, bl Igc eo hge da giip loyi bd hiu hit cie chit thii rin huyin phi trong hf thing nudi. Gia tri cue dyi cia TSS vi BOD li 8,91 mg/1 vi 2,2 mg/1 Ii phi hgp vdi ci hii. So vdi tieu chuin chit Iugng nude nggt (TCVN 6774-2000) thi gii tri nay dip ing ySu eiu vl mdi tiudng. 0 nhilm chat thai httu co cung dugc phin inh qua hai thdng si quan ttgng la N va P, nguin gic chi yiu cua hai nguySn ti niy xuit phit ta chit thai cua thic in du thia ttong bl nudi, phan va chit thii cia ei. Diin biin eia ting ni to (TN) vi ting phit pho (TP) dugc md ta d hmh 3.36. So sinh vdi tieu chuin ttong nudi thiy sin cic gii ttj TN vi TP nim ttong khoing eho phep khi thii ra mdi trudng. - • .> * * * -p *.^^.^.^.^.^.^'^ Hinh 3.1. Bien dpng TSS, BOD, TN va TP trong he thing nudi edng nghfep cd hdi P ' 2. Bien dgng cic yeu to t h iy hda vi chit thii r in trong hf thing nudi cong nghifp c i t im V s*- ^ » # <> #
Hf thing nudi ci tim dugc thilt kl taong ty nhu hf thing nudi ci hoi chinh vi viy
kit qui thu dugc vl biin dfng cia cic yiu ti mdi tradng ttong hf thing nudi ci tam
taong ty nhu ttong hf thing nudi ci hii. DO cia nude dau vio phy thufc vao Iugng d xy
cung cip vi lugmg ci cd ttong hf thing nudi. DO ttong bl nudi ci tim dao dfng ta 7,3-
10,12 mg/I. Him lugng H2S hau nhu khdng dugc phat hifn. Bien thien him Iugng cie yiu
ti thiy hda duge tdm tat d binh 3.37. • * i3- * •<» •»,i^,^^^^^^4-4 Hmh 3.2 Bien dpng ede hpp ehdt ciia ni ta vd CO2 trong he thing nuoi edng nghifp cd Dien biin eua ting ni to (TN), ting phdt pho (TP), chit rin huyin phi vi B0D5
dugc mieu ti d hinh 3.38. Nhin ehung cie gii trj nghien ciu ting tiieo thdi gian nudi vi
chi glim di khi cd can fliifp nhd tiiay nude. So sinh vdi tieu chuin trong nudi fliuy sin
cao gii tti niy nim ttong khoing cho phep eho nudi ci tim. Hinh 3.3. Bien dpng TSS, BOD, TNvd TP trong hf thdng nudi cdng nghiep cd tdm. j f > 3. Chat thai ran va chat thai hua co trong he thong tuin hoan nudi bao ngu Thic in chu yiu cua bao ngu la rong nen vin dl 6 nhilm chit tiiii rin, chit thii hOu CO it hon nhiiu so vdi ca tim, ca hii. Ket qua phin tich TSS, BOD5, TP vi TN trong moi tradng nude cua hf thing nudi bio ngu tuan hoan dugc trinh bay ttong hinh 3.40. Him Iugng cic chit cd xu hudng ting theo thdi gian vi giim di ro ret sau khi thay nude. Cd sy khac biet dang kl giOa him lugng cie chat ttong miu nude thii ra tu bl nudi bio ngu vi miu nude di qua he thdng xi ly de duge tii si dung lai cho boyt dgng nudi. Ching td be thing lgc boyt dfng cd hifu qui, cd tac dung lim giim bdt mft phin d nhilm huu co ttong qui ttinh nudi. Nhin ehung kit qui phin tich chit lugng nude qua eae dgt cho thiy TSS, BOD5, TP vi TN khi tiiip. Khoing dao dgng bam lugng BOD la 0,46-1,56 mg/1; TP la 0,14-0,51 mg/1; TN Ii 0,4-1,45 mg/I. Pham vi bien dgng cua cac yeu td nay phi hgp vdi tieu chuan cho phep ttong nudi bao ngu [19] vi an toin ve sinh mdi tradng nudi thuy sin. ' .3-#-\° •S',!^,^,^,^^^^.^^ ~ lido bi nudi bio r
k-n khdi bi nudi bio ngu £ 03 ^ & # ^tP ^«'^ .p-" -^ . Hmh 3.4. Biin dpng TSS, BOD, TN vd TP trong he thdng nudi tudn hoan bdo ngu. al l'J,\ii S.Ff 575-0/4 State of Gonads in Juvenile Triploid Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
under Conditions of South Vietnam after Artificial Sex Inversion ,
E. D. Pavlo\'", Ngueji Xlet Tun*, and >guen Ti Huan Tu* fi^c^^^v ^ ' ' ^ ^ ^ ) ? ^" /itxti A^/zLy*(-/X^' Z t t c u - /' D.yty« RussiaH federal Reseanh Imlnite of Fishery aiid Oceanography (VNI fiOj,
' Russia)} federal Research Institute offlsiiery and Oceanography (VNIRO),'
uL Verkknyaya Krasnosel'skaya 17, ^^osc^lw, !07l40Russia e-mail: p-a-v®nxt.ru '' Research bistiiine of Aquaculture So. 3~RIA 3, S'ha Trang, Vietnam
Kccci\t(] March 29, 2UI0 .\bstract—Gonad morphology and structure of sex cells in juv'enile triploid trout O/iror^^'nc/fUf/nj'^/jforilie
Donaldson breed Incubated and reared at a irout plant underclimaiic conditions of South Vietnam have been
studied. Anomalies in the structure of sex gonads and oocyle structure ^\'ere found, and partial resorption of
sex cells vm detected. It was shown that sex invenion in triploid (unisexual) fingerlings of rainbow trout
passed successfully on the whole since many sex gonads of these tlsh simultaneously had both female and
male sex cells and sometimes «?ic sterile. The connection of anomalies found in the structure ofse.^ system
of trout with species rearing underunusua! for it climatic conditions and artificial sex inversion is discussed.
DOI: 10.1134/S00329452l0t)80102
Key words: Donaldson trout, triploids, sex inversion, histology, gonads, anomalies. South Vietnam. In connection with the imensi\x: development of
aquaculture, the issue of using fish with ihz best pro-
ducilon properties has long been au issue. In many
countries, artificially obtained rriploids are reared. In
the aquaculture of the Republic of Vietnam, in partic
ular, the cultivation of triploid rainbow trout Onco-
liiynchiis mykiss of the Donaldson breed represented
exceptionally by females has been started, cases, biotcchniqucs of reproduction and rearing of
trout in an environment different from its natural
range arc modified (Dyagilev and Markevich, 1979;
Kaipcvich et al., 1991; Emd'y^nova et al., 2000; Mol-
ony; 2001). Ncvcnheless, in cultiv'ated fish, a partial or
even complete inability to reproduce arises (Dorofe-
cva cl al., 2006: Pavlov et al., 2010). Asa rcsuh of rear
ing trout in hot tropical climate, several pathological
changes can occUr in Its reproductive s>'stem as was
shown at latittidcs close to South Vietnam (Pornsop-
ingetal.. 2007). The purpose of the paper was to describe the state
of gonads and types and structure of sexual cells in
specimens of \\\o age groups (approximately 5 and
21 montlis), as ft'cll as to assess the results of artificial
sex inversion in juveniles (approximately 3 montlis) in
triploid rainbow trout of the Donaldson breed under
conditions of South Vietnam. MATERIAL AND METHODS The KIoiig-Klancli fish husbandrj- farm of the
Republic of Vietnam imported eggs oftriplold trout in
2007 from Finland and in 2008 from the United
States. Since all triploid irout is represented by
females, it was necessary to perform artilicial sex
inversion in some hatched larvae tor the subsequent
formation of a bisexual brood stock for exercising arti
ficial reproduction on the basis of own spawners. Arti
ficial sev inversion, as a rule, is successftil only in some
inverted fish (Johnstoneetal., 1978,1979; Donaldson
eial., 1982; Yamazaki, 1983). At such intcn-ention,
some individuals become hermaphrodites or sterile
and others remain females (Johnstone etal., 1979:
Solar ct aJ.i 1984; Krisfeiasu and Cloud, 1999). How
ever, cases of 100% sex modification in all inwrtcd fish
towards males (Cousin-Gcitoer etal.. 1989: Peter
etal., 2004) and females (Kobayashi and itt-amatsu,
2005) are described. Material was collected from April to May 2009 at
the Klong-Klanch husbandly farm belonging to the
Research Insinute of Aquaculture no. 3 (RlA 3). 'Hiis
husbandry tarni is located 50 km to the cast of the city
of Dalat (South Vieinam) on a high altitude plateau
(approximately 1.5 km a.s.l). Tiic study object were triploid juveniles of lainbow
trout of the Donaldson breed oftwo age groups—fin
gerlings aged 5 montlis (nonlnverted and subjected to
sex inversion) and two-year olds aged approximately
21 months (noninvened). Juveniles of the junior age In the climate of South Vietnam, whose water of
mountain rivcra does not correspond to temperature
optimum for incubation and rearing of rainbow trout,
commercial aquaculture of this species is hindered
because of inadequate abiotic conditions, not only ol
water temperature but of the photoperiod also. In such STATE OF GONADS IN JUVENILE fRIPLOlD TROUT OSCORHY.'^CHUS l^YKISS Lenglh t.AC) and weight of fingerfings of rainbow trout Onco
rhynchus mykiss was performed using modified methods (Mikodina
et al.. 2009). Photographs of sections were made using
a computer system with a Leica DC automatic video
camera at the ocular magnificuion x 10 and objectives
x5, 10, 20. 40. and 100. Image processing was done
with XnView v. 1.97 and Photoshop CS3 software. group were obtained from eggs transported from the
United States in 200S and of the elder age group
brought from Finland in 2007. All eggs were incubated
at an incubation plant fitted with equipment for water
cooling and aeration that is located 33 km away from
the Klong-Klanch farm. Wlien juveniles reached 2 - 3-
month age, they were transferred lo the fish husbandrj"
farm whose resen'oirs are supplied with water from a
small mountain river. Fingerlings were kept in round
plastic basins with a depth of 1.25 m and a diameter of
1.7 and 2.7 m covered from direct solar raj's with a can
opy, and t\vo-year olds were kept in earth ponds (with
a film cover of the bottom) with a size of 50 x 10 x
1.5 m and a capacity of approximately 400 m' without
a canopj'. For feeding trout, diverse feeds (often non-
trout) were used without consideration of fish age.
Oxj'gen content in water fluctuated betu'cen 6.1 and
6.5 mg/l, which is determined by the high-altitude
location of the farm and high air temperature. Photo-
period (day: nlghi) in connection with nearness oftlic
country to the equator (12° N) is stable throughout the
year and comprises 12 : 12 at a drastic boundary of
transfer. W^tcr temperature at tlie trout site varies in a
narrow range and in the period of our studies com
prised 17-19°C. Statistical processing ofthe material was performed
using Excel 2003 sotlwaro. Significance of differences
was determined using Student-r test (Plokhinskii,
1961). RESULTS Biological Indices of'IViploid Rainbow Trout Some larvae of rainbow trout obtained from the egg
batch brought in 2008 were subjected to anificial sex
inversion. For sex modification, synthetic androgen
preparation methyliestosterone-propinag was used.
The preparation was added to water for larvae, and
then aftertheirtransfcrio exogenous feeding ihcy were
transferred to food. After transponation to Klong-
KJanch, trout were separated into two groups differing Biological indices of trout fingerlings from the
K!ong-K1anc!i fish husbandry farm in three isolated
groups (control, variant I, variant II) slightly differed
(tabic). For instance, the average length and weight of
juveniles from the control group are smaller than in
fish from experimental groups; indices offish fhim
variant I sliglnly exceed those in fisli from variant 11.
However, all the revealed differences turned out to be
insignificant (;? > 0.1). The average length of triploid two-year-olds of
irout was 39.5 (36,7-42.50 cm, average weight 841
(610-990) g, and average weight of gonads 3.6 g (2.0-
6.6) g. in the duration of feeding with hormone : juveniles of
the first group (vaiiant I) were fed during 3 months
(until April 17,2009) and ofihe second group (variant 2)
for 2.5 months (until March 26, 2009). Juveniles
obtained from the same eggs batcli but not subjected to
sex inversion served as control. After the termination
of the experiment (May 5-May 7, 2009), 23 finger
lings from each variant of the experiment and the con
trol were analyzed, tn addition, we studied triploid
two-year olds reared at this farm from the Finnish
•eggs; howewr, these were only 10 specimens, which is
related to their high commercial importance for tlic
fish husbandry farm. In the process of biological analysis, fork length
(AC) and total body weight svcrt measured in finger
lings (we failed to determine gonad weight because of
their small sizes), fn two-year-olds, besides parame
ters indicated for fingerlings. body weight without
entrails, gonad weight, sex, and maturity stage wxirc
determined. During the siudj^ morphological anomalies of
structure were found in some fish. For instance, wc
detected fingerlings with asymmetrically located vcn-
iral fins and dilfercnt bony formations at the abdomi
nal side ofthe body (Fig. la). In some specimens, one
eye was absent, which is evidently an anomaly of
embryonic development or is related to the high stock
ing density and/or food kind (Iwama. 1979). At dis
section offish of both age groups (fingeriings and two-
j-car-olds), a considerable fattening ofthe body cavity
and inner organs was found ( R g. lb). For histological study, gonad fragments were fixed
in Bouin's fluid. Histological treatment of the samples Gonad Moiphology and the State of Sexual Cells
Control. In all control Juveniles of rainbow trout
aged approximately 5 months, gonads look like thin JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY \t3l. 50 No. 8 2UI0 PAVLOV ct J1. IHg. 1.Juveni1esorratnbo\s trou O corh}nctiain}kiii eared undercu d on&ul South Vieinam: (a) fingerlings{approximaicty
5 monihs) with a bony outgravvih at ihe dlidommai side orUn bOLj (—-) ind an ..sj inmetiy of ventral fins and (b) faiiening of
abdominal cavity and inner organs in a nw-year old (approximdicly 21 monihs). delected (Fig. 3a). Most part ofthe sexual gonad is
occupied by cells of cariy state, spgAd (Fig. 3b), and
spcrmatocjtes are few (Figs. 3b, 3c). Such structure of
male sexual ceils is typical of gonads ofthe third initial
stage of spermatogenesis. In gonads of some fish from
both experimental groups, some cells have an atypical
structure and were not identified by us according to sex
status. transparent bands with a small thickening in the cra
nial part, which is typical of females. Their ovaries arc
at maturity stage II; egg-bearing plates an: formed.
Sexual cells arc represented by oogonia and single
oocytes of initial steps ofthe period of previtcllogcne-
sis(Fig. 2a). Besides, gonads of triploid rainbow trout
have specitlc features revealed at the histological level:
hypertrophy of blood v-essels (Fig. 2b), as well as
enlargement of connective and adipose
tissues
(Fig. 2c). Experimental groups. Morphology of gonads of
triploid fingerlings subjected to sex inversion hardly
differs in specimens from two experimental variants
and is similar to that in fish from the control group;
however, their sizes in experimental fish are slightly
greater. The generative part of gonad tissue in expenmemal
Juveniles of rainbow trout is considerably changed. In
gonads of some studied fish, sexual cells occur singly
(Fig. 3d).Twenty percent (lOof 50 specimens) of stud
ied fish in both experimental variants have sterile
gonads (Fig. 3c); at their histological sections, no sex
ual cells ttxire found. Within most gonads, hypenrophy
of blood i-csscls is observed, which is tjrpicai ofthe pro
cess of tissue destruction (Fig. 3f). Such anomalies in
gonads of experimental fish are strongly pronounced,
but occur in smaller amounts in control juveniles also.
The stroma of such gonads is represented by connec
tive-tissue elements, collagen fibers, and adipose tis
sue (Figs. 3d, 3c). I'wo-j'ear-olds. Ovaries of two-year-old rainbow
troLil occupy appro.ximately a half of the body cavity
length, are of vcllowish or orange color; oocytes are
seen with a naked eye (Fig. 4a). In 2 of 10 studied
females, gonad deformarion was revealed (Fig. 5a). From sections of sexual gonads, wc found that
among studied fish there are females and Juveniles
with simultaneously present in gonads female and
male sexual cells, as well as sterile specimens. Gonads
of soiiie fish contain destructing and nonidcntificd
sexual cells resembling spermatogonia; however, it is
yet unclear whether these are male sexual cells or not.
The result of inversion was accurately determined only
in specimens whose male sexual cells are represented
by spermatocytes ofthe first order. According to data
of April S-April 7,2009,15% of specimens from vari
ant I and 3096 from variant 11 are histologically Inter
sexes, i.e., inversants. Dominant mass of sexual cells ofthe current pool
in smdied two-year-olds is represented by oocytes of
the period of vitellogenesis, which allows us to assign
these ovaries to maturity stage III (Fig. 4b). Cytoplasm
of small cells ofthe current pool is filled with vacuoles
that do not yet contain yolk granules. Along its periph
ery, vacuoles iliai are predecessors of conical alveoles
arc located; i.c., the cortical layer has been formed.
The nucleus forms numerous prominences to the
cytoplasm. Such oocytes are In tlie phase of cytoplasm
vacuolization. In the largest vitcllogenous cells invac- In fish from experimental variants I and II, sexual
cells with an undisturbed structure do not differ cyto-
logicaliy and arc represented by oogonia and single
oocytes (beginning of previtcllogenesis or stage II of
maturity period. Besides, gonads of intersexes have
oogonia and oocjtcs, as well as male sexual cells—
dark and light spermatogonia of A type (IsgAd and
IsgAI) and spermatocytes ofthe first order. In gonads
of some intersexes, local formation of cysts was JOLKNALOF iCHTHYOLOGY \bl. SO No. S 2010 STATE OF GONADS IN JUXtNlLE TlilI'LOID MIOUT ONCORHYSCHUS MYKISS ng. 2. Transvewe section of gonads at maiurity stage II from finserUngs of rainbow insui OnctirhyntJtus mykissSrom ihe conlrol
group: (a) (I) w\pam\isplaies and oogonia are Sttn; (b) (2) hypertrophvofblood veisels; (c) (J) ofconneeiiw and (4) adipose
tissues. Magnification: ocularx 10, objective x40. a chaotic location of vacuoles is observed; in the
nucleus, its fragmentation (karyopicnosis) is often
noticeable. Sometimes the nucleus is localized not in
the center of the cell but is shifted to the periphery;
whicli is not found in the norm at maturity stage III of
the ovaries. The cytoplasm of some dcsuuciing
oocjies of the period of previtellogenesis has dark
inclusions of an unknown nature located chaotically
within it (Fig, 5d). In some sexual cells, destruction of
the membrane of their nuclei and elimination of
nucleoli, as well as fragmentation of nuclear material
were recorded (Fig. 5c). UQles located along the cjtoplasm periphery, yolk
inclusions appear (Fig. 4c), and vacuoles become yolk
granules. Each oocyte is surrounded by a distinctly
pronounced radial membrane (zona radiate), and its
into internal and external laj-ers is
differentiation
noticeable (Fig. 4d). The external layer of zona radiate
is two times thicker than the internal laj'er and more
intensively perceives hematoxylin varnish, w-hich is
determined by its histochemical structure different
from the internal layer (Makeeva and Mikodina,
1977). In vitellogenous oocyies, follicle has been
formed. Gonad maturity stage oftriploidtwo-j'car-old
rainbow trout is ill early. DISCUSSION In gonads of some two-year-olds, an intensive vac
uolization of gonad stroma was recorded (Fig. 5d). Al
many preparations with simultaneously present vitel
logenous oocytes and few oocytes of the period of
vitellogenous growth, there are oocytes ofthe period
of vitellogenesis with a flcxuous membrane (Fig. 5b)
and resorbing cells (Fig. 5c). In oocyies in tlie state of
resorption, hyperthraphy ofthe cells ofthe follicular
laj'cr was recorded. In tlie cytoplasm of such oocytes. Under conditions of South Vietnam, a successful
additional incubation and rearing of triploid rainbow
trout was performed, which is possible due to the high
alpine location of the KIong-Klanch national trout
husbandrj' farm. In triploid females, ovaries were
formed: in fingerlings, they reach maturity stage 11; In
twQ-j'car olds, early III. JOUR.\AL OH ICHTHYOLOGY \faL 50 No. 8 301 Fig. 3. State of sexual gonads in experunemal flngerlings of rmnbovi' irout Oncarhy/Khas mykbr. (a) (/) spennatocytes ofthe first
order, some in cysts; (b) (Z) sex cells are represented by dark spermatogonia of A ij-pe; (c) {2) fragment afgonad with dark sper
matogonia and (fl spennaiogonia of the fim order; {dKi>BrowihorconnccUv«ar>d(.Oadiposc tissues between sites with
(2) gonia; (e) 14) site of sterile gonad wiiti adipose tissue; (I) (5) hypertrophy ofblood vessels. See magnificacion in Fig. 2. However, when rainbow trout is cultivated under
conditions extending with respect to some parameter
tByond the limits of favorable ranges, its gonads
develop with some disturbances. For instance, in most
sex gonads, tlie enlai^cment and hypertrophy ofblood
vessels was rcwaled. In the norm, an intensive devel- opment ofthe blood system is atypical for tliese stages
of gonad maiurity in fish; hov\'evcr, In rainbow trout of
South Vietnam, it can reflect destruction of sex gonads
and cells. These anomalies are more strongly pro
nounced in gonads of experimental fish: 20S6 of fin
gerlings turned out sterile, which indicates deep dis- JOLRN.A.L OF ICHTHYOLOGY \fel. 30 \ o. 8 2010 STATE OF GONADS IN JUVEMLE TOIPLOID IROUT 0\CORHYNCHUS MYKISS t5' HE. 4. Ovaries of two-year olds of minbow irout Oncorhynchus mykiss: ta) c.' tuitiances not only in sex gonads but also in the whole
reproductive syitem of these fish. the appearance of the connective tissue (Pavlov et al..
2010). Fattening ofthe body cavity and inner oigans,
and the presence in the stroma of ovaries of a large
amount of adipose tissue can indicate an inadequate
feeding of rainbow trout under artificial conditioiw
(excessive diet, unbalanced in composition and food
not corresponding to physiological needs). Tlic
untimely transfer of larval salmon to external feeding
can also affect the development of sex gonads (Scdova
ct al., 200S). In juveniles of rainbow trout from all studied
groups, destruction of sex cells was found, which evi
dently reflects many fectors; formation of triploidy,
suppressed physiological state because of nonoptima!
conditions of existence, and, in experimental finger
lings, as a result of additional induction of sex in\ The study ofgonads of experimental (variants 1 and M)
fingeriings of rainbow trout demonstrated that, on the
whole, hormonal induction of their sex modification
was successful. Under the impact of methyltestoster-
onc, the process of sex redjffercntiation began, which
proves tlic appearance of inlerscxual gonads. In many
gonads, simultaneous presence of female (oogonia
and oocytes) and male (spgAd, spgAl, and spcrmattj-
cytes ofthe first order) sexual cells in different quanti
tative ratio was found. In some gonads, sexual cells arc
represented mainly by oogonia and a smalt amount ol
spg.'Xd (maturity stage II); in others, the formation ol JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY \t)l. 50 No. 6 Ipsticular ampoules containing spermatocytes o f t he
IP order (maturity stage 111) is already forming.
Thus, on the basis o f t he data obtained, it remains
unknown whether inwreants will become males since
sex rcdiiferentiation in the entire gonad has not yet
tcmiinated. It is not excluded that for a more elTicieni immersion at this fish husbandry farm it is necessary to
perform studies on the determination of optimal con
centration and duration ofthe action ofthe used hor
mone not only during feeding ofthe fish but also in the
aquatic solution during exposition of larvae or to use
another synthetic analog of methyltestosterone. For JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY \fal. jO S o. S 2011) STATE OF GONADS IN JUVENILE TRII'LOID TROUT 0.\CORHYNCHUS MYKISS instance, 1005c masculinization of rainbow trout was
achieved at the concentration of methjltestosteronc
0.5 mgAg of food towards the age of 548 degree-days
(Cousin-Gerberetal., 1989). losenous cells, atypical dark inclusions were found.
isTikely that these are lypofuscin inclusions that are
final product of decomposition of carotinoids ai
often called •'ageing pigment" (Tatariunas. 199
Tatariunas. 1999). In many vitcllogenous oocj'cs, picnosis of nuci
accompanied by the decomposition of nuclear men
brane and karyoplasm was revealed. Many oocvi
have a flcxuous outline, which Is possibly related to tl
beginning of destruction of cell membrane and ev
dently reflects the process of their resorption diirii
formation of final fecundity. Obviously, destructi'
processes in oocyies will subsequently decrease tl
final working fecundity of rainboMf trout. Thus, scxu
gonads offemalc trout under conditions of South Vic^
nam liave noticeable disturbances in structure. Noteworthy is the fact that, in our experiment at a
feeding with methyltestosterone
more prolonged
(variant 1), the proportion of inversant fingeriin^.
in
whose gonads spermatocytes of the first order were
revealed, turned out smaller than in variant 11. IS and
30%, respectively, at slightly higher biological indices.
It should not be excluded that in variant I at an insig
nificant acceleration of growth, a prolonged con
sumption by Juveniles of triploid rainbow trout of this
hormone could exhibit an inhibiting effect on the
development of male sexual cells. For instance, there
are published data that prolonged feeding of fish by
androgenic hormones in high doses stimulates their
growth; however, the proportion of sterile specimens
and fish mortality increase in this case (Johnstone
clal., 1978, 1979; Goctz etal., 1979; Solar etal.,
1984). In two-year-old triploid rainbow trout, all sex studied In most gonads are ovaries and are at maturity stage III.
two-year-olds, gonads arc
deformed, which, as a rule, is determined by unfavor
able environmental factors (Savvaitova etal., 1995;
Mikodina, 2002), for instance, by high water temper
ature. Ub assume that in rainbow trout cultivated
under conditions of South Vieinam, intensive fatten
ing of body cavity and Inner organs can also cause
squeezing and deformation ofgonads. For the mini
mization ofthe excessive fattening offish it is neces
sary to decrease their diet and/or change the composi
tion ofthe used food. \\fe consider that the best variant
is the use of specialized trout artificial food produced
for each age group. One ofthe causes of revved disturbances in rainj
bow trout of South Vietnam can be specific climate
atj'pical for the given fish species, even at a favorabl.
vi-atcr temperature in the rearing period. High lempct
atures typical ofthe climate of South Vietnam cause
in rainbow trout asynchrony in the development c
se.\ual cells and the change in the duration of som
piiases of oogenesis (Pankhurst et al.. 1996; Pomsop
ing etal., 2007). Besides temperature, the devtio;;
mcnt of sexual gonads in rainbow trout can also l^
afiectcd bj- factors such as photoperiod, oxygen coiti
centration in water, p H, etc. (Molony, 2001). Keepii^
fish under environmental conditions differing fror;
natural habitat conditions can lead to the nornUj
development of only a pan of genital product}
According to dala by Pbmsoping et al. (2007), th
impact of high temperature ( i 9 - 2 0 ' ' C) and arlifici^
photoperiod corresponding to that at 13° N causes
decrease in the proportion of females of diploid rain
bow trout maturing in the spawning period (ianuarij
(68 vs. 98% at a temperature of keeping fish not highC
than IS^C and a photoperiod (51° N) typical of ih
natural range) and a decrease in the e^ conceptioi
rate. The Vietnamese Klong-Klanch trout husbandr
farm is located at 12° N, i.e., almost in the same cii
matic zone that was described above; however, her
triploids are cultivated. Note that triploid rainbow
trout is more tolerant to the change of abiotic facton
as compared to diploid trout, which makes it possibl
to rear it at higlier temperature values (Yamamotoam
lida, 1994). Prolonged s c l e a i o n o f t r o ut also notice
ably extends the range of hs tolerance to abiotic factoi
(Molony, 2001); however, such selection studies hav
not been performed in Vietnam as yet. Rainbow trout is polj-cyclic, i.e., repeatedly spawn
ing species, which is reflected in the structure of its
gonads. At histological sections of the studied two-
year-olds it is seen that the cellular composition of
their ovaries is characterized by size and cytological
different quality manifested as the presence of cells of
the reserve and current pools and in the difierem
degree of cell development ofthe current generation.
This is typical for many species of salmonids, includ
ing true salmon of the genus Salmo (Murza and
Khristoforos 1991) and Pacific salmon o f t he genus
Oncorhynchus (Pukova, 2002). In true salmon, small
oocytes ofthe period of cytoplasmatic growth always
occur in small amounts among vitellc^enous oocytes.
They represent a reserve pool—a generation of "cells
whose realization will take place in the subsequent
spawning period. In ovaries of Uvo-year-old triploid rainbow trout,
sexual ceils of the current pool are represented by
oocjies ofthe period of vitellogenesis. and that ofthe
resene pool are
represented by previtcllogenoLis
oocytes. Some oocjies ofboth periods of oogenesis arc
in a state of destruction. In the cjioplasm of previiel- One cannot exclude that one o f t he causes of III
detected destruction of generative tissue and gona
stroma in rainbow traut at the Klong-Klanch fishhiis
bandr>' farm may be the initial quality of Importe
triploid eggs. The eggs arc usually exported forthc sut
sequent rearing of only commercial fish rather Iha
the production of brood stock, and it has as an aim!
atuiual sale to the same customer. Note that the disiu:
banccs in the reproductive sj'stem of rainbow trout CE JOLRN.U OF ICHTHYOLOGY \bl. 50 No. S 20 I'AVLOV et al. Determining DifTerent Results of Its Acclimatization in
the North ofthe European Part ofthe USSR." \bpr.
Ikhiiol. 19 (2). 330-245 (1979). be related to fish triploidj-. One can frequently find
descriptions of anomalies in the reproductive sj-stem
of fisli in literature that the authors explain by their
triploid set of chromosomes (Piferrcr etal., 1994;
Tmarj- et al., 2000), including rainbow trout (Lincoln
and Scott, 1984; Carrasco ct al., 1998). . N. G. Emel'vanova, A. P. Makeeva. V. M. Zelenkov,
et al., "Gonad Development in Rainbow Trout Paras-
ahno mykiss Cultivated in the White Sea," \bpr. Ikhtiol.
40 (3), 370-378 (2000) \}. Ichlliyol. 40 (4), 338-336
(200'J1|. . T. 1, Faleeva, "".Xnalysis of Ovocvles in Fish in Relation
y to the .Adaptive Importance of Tins Phenomenon,"
Vopr. Ikhtiol. 5 (3), 455-470(1965). . T I. Faleeva, Compamttve and ExperimentalAnafysis of
Atresia of Ovarian Follicles at Disturbances in Flsli
Reproduction (St.-Pelersb. Gos. Univ.. Peteisbiirc,
2U09)]in Russian). We have no data on the methods of obtaining trip
loids of rainbow trout inihe United States and Finland
and the initial quality of the exported eggs. It is not
excluded that for the stable national reproduction of
rainbowtroutundcrconditionsofSouth Vietnam dur
ing formation of brood stock, it is necessary lo use
genital products from individuals of wild populations
not subjected to any artificial interventions. On ihe
other hand, such approach will not permit obtaining
unisexual female progeny for commercial rearing
without additional efforts, which is economically less
profitable for the country that begins to develop its
own trout husbandry. This problem requires a mana
gerial decision. I. K W, Goelz, E. M. Donaldson, G, A. Hunter, and
H. \ 1. Dve."EirectsofEstradiol-!7pand i7a-Meth-
yltestosterone on Gonadal Differentiation in the Coho
Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisiiich," Aquaculture 17,267-
278(1979). ). V. N. Ivankov, Fecundity if Fish (DVGU, Vladivostok, 1985) |in kussianj. .\CKNOWLEDGMENTS 1. G. K. Iwama, ""One-Eye", a Disease of Rainbow I'roui [Salmo gairdneri") at the Koolenay Trout Hatch-
er>-, BritUh Cohimbia," Fish. Tech. Circular. No. 43,
1-11(1979). !. R.Johnstone, T. H.Simpson,andA F.Youngson,"Sex
Revenal in Salmonid Culture." .Aquaculture 12, 115-
i34(i97S). fish husbandry fann; and J. R. Johnstone, T. H. Simpson, A. F Youngson, and
C. Whitehead, "Sex Reversal in Salmonid Culture. I'art
II The I'rogeny of Sex-Reversed Rainbow Trout," J,
High Resoluf. Cliromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 18,
13-19,1979V \\fe are grateful to D.S. Pavlov (Severtsov Institute
of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sci-
*cnces) and V.P. Vasil'ev (Severtsov Institute of Ecologj'
^'and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences) forihc
opponunity to perform experimental studies under
conditions of South Vietnam; to Nguyen Quoc An
(RIA 3) for participation in performing studies at the
to
Klong-Klanch
N.G. Emel'vanova (Moscow Stale University) and
E.V. Mikodina (VNIRO) for all-round help and valu
able remarks on (he text ofthe manuscript. t. A. K Karpevich, V, S, Agapov, and G. M. Magomedov, Acclimatization and Cultivation of Introduced Salmonids
(VMRO. .MOSCOM; 1991) jin Russianj. E:q]erimenial studies were supported by Severtsov
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy
of Sciences. VNI RO, and RIA 3. REFERENCES 5. H. Kobaj'ashi and T. Ivvamatsu, "Sex Reversal in the
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the Beginning of Its Feeding." Chteniya l^myati
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(1984'). 34. A. B, Tatariunas, Llpofuscln in Aging and liilhology ment of Sex Inversion of Farmed Atlantic Salmon by
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Dietary and
N..Am.J..Aquacult.66{lss. \). 1-7(2004). (Publ. House Seimas, Vilnius, 1998). 35. A. B. Tataryunas, Doctoral Oisseitation in Biology (In-i Biotlziki R.AN, Pushchino, 1999), 27, F. Piferrer, T. J. Benfey; and E. M. Donaldson,
"Gonadal Morphology of Normal and Sex Reversed
Triploid and Gynogenetic Diploid Coho Salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisurch)," J. Fish. BioL 45, 541-553
(1994). 36. B. K. fiwar)'. R. Kirubagatcin, and A K. R^v '"Gonadal
Development in Triploid Heteropneustes fossilis" J,
Fish. Biol, 57, 1343-1348(2000). 38. N. .\. Plokhinskii, Biometry (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Novosibirsk, 1961) [in Russian). 37. A. Yamamoto and T. lida, "Oxygen Consumption and
Hypoxic Tolerance of Triploid Rainbow Trout (Onco-
rlmichus mykiss}" Fish Pathol., No. 29, 245-351
(1994), 38. F Yamazaki. "'Sex Control and Manipulation of Fish," 39. P. Pomsoping, G, Unsrisong, T. Vearasilp, et al.,
"Reproductive I'erformance of Female lainbow Trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss (W^lbaum) Kept Under Waiter
Ten>peraturesand Photoperiodsof 13° andST N Uit- Aquaculture 33 (!-4), 329-354(1983). JOLRNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY Nlil. 50 No. 8 20JO MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF EAST ASIA: STATUS, REGIONAL CHALLENGES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT" Venue:
Institute of Oceanography VAST,
Nha Trang, Vietnam, December 6-7, 2010 under the aegis of the APN (Asia-Pacific Networl< for Global Change
Research), VAST (Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology) and FEB RAS (Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences) December H rVenue - Conference Hall of the ID VAST) 8:30-9:00 Registration ofthe participants and posters placement. 9:00-9:40 Opening address 9:00-9:15
Opening speech by Dr. Vo Si Tuan, Vice Director ofthe Institute of Oceanography
VAST
9:15-9:30
Opening speech by Dr. Tatiana N. Dautova, Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS,
Vladivostok, Russia 9:30-9:40
Opening speech by Dr. Konstantin A. Lutaenko, Institute of Marine Biology FEB
RAS, Vladivostok, Russia 9:40-10:00 Group photo. 10:00-10:10 Coffee break. 10:10-12:00
Session A. Physical forcing to marine biodiversity: sea water chemistry, water motion,
currents (Chairman: Dr. Konstantin A. Lutaenko) 10:10-0:30. Prof. Ittekkot (University of Bremen-Germany) Capacity building in marine
sciences: new initiatives from SCOR 10.30-10.50. Tong Phuoc Hoang Son'. Hoang Cong Tin'^ Chun Knee Tan" ('institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnatn; Centre for Coastal Management
and Development Studies, Hue University of Sciences, Vietnam; NF - POGO Centre of
Excellence on Observation Oceanography, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Bermuda;
*Global Environment Information Centre (GEIC), Tokyo, Japan)
OBSERVATION/DETECTING CHLOROPHYLL A DISTRIBUTION AND HARMFUL
ALGAL BLOOMS IN THE VIETNAM COASTAL UPWELLING BY HIGH RESOLUTION
MULTISENSORDATA 10.50-11.10. Nguven Vu Thane. Nguyen Dinh Thuat (North-East regional Hydro-
meteorological center, National Hydro-meteorological service, MONRE Vietnam) IMPACT
OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HAIPHONG AREA .|0.11;3O. Tone Phuoc Hoang Son (Institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnam)
^OPTIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA SET FOR CLAM CULTURE IN
gCONG DELTA [!0-ll:5O. Vo Tran Tuan Linh (Institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnam)
^ONMENT QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN WATERS OF VAN PHONG BAY
HANH HOA PROVINCE) AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT ):S0-13:3O. Lunch break. ]:30-15:2O. Session B. Climate/global environmental changes and possible effects on the
|«rine biodiversity in East Asia (Chairman: Dr. Tatiana N. Dautova) 3:30-13:50. Nguven Tac An'. Vo Duy Son'. Cherbadzhi l.I. ^ Propp M.V. \ Odintsov V.S.''
Hipp L^. ('institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnam, ^A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute
(Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia) THE ECOLOGICAL-CHEMICAL
HARACTERISTICS OF CORAL REEF WATERS OF VIETNAM COASTAL AREAS ,3:50-14:10. Nguyen Thi Xuan Thu', Nguyen Viet Thuy^ Tran Thi Kim Hanh', Nguyen Anh
lien', Mai Duy Minh', Le Trung Ky' ('Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,
'imarch Institute for Aquaculture No. 3) THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE FOR
ilAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) CULTURE IN LAM DONG
PROVINCE 14:10-14:30. EduardA. Titlvanov'. Sergey 1. Kiyashko', Tamara V. Titlvanova'. Pham Van
Huyen', Irina M. Yakovleva' ('A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS,
nadimstok, Russia; 'Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application VAST)
NITROGEN SOURCES TO MACROALGAL GROWTH AT POLLUTED COASTAL
AREAS OF SOUTHERN VIETNAM 14:30-14:50. Coffee break. 14:50-17:10. Session C. Marine biodiversity 1 (Chairman: Dr. Vo Si Tuan) 14-50-15-1O Cuong T.Le, Ronald G. Noseworthy, Kwang-Sik Choi (Jeju National University.
Republic of Korea) BIODIVERSITY OF COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE MARINE
BIVALVE FAUNA OF JEJU ISLAND, REPUBLIC KOREA 15:10-15:30. T «r\^« A. Prozorova', Tatiana Ya. Sitnikova', Anna Rasshepkina' ('inslilule of
Biology and Soil Science FEB RAS Vladivostok, Russia: Limnological Institute ofthe SB
US Irkutsk Russia) NEW DATA ON MORPHOLOGY OF BATILLARIID GASTROPODS
(CAENOGASTROPODA: CERITHIOIDEA: BATILLARUDAE) 15:30-15:50. Alexev V. Rvbakov (A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS)
BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF ABERRANT RHIZOCEPHALA - SUCCESSFUL
FRESWATER INTRUDERS IN EXCLUSIVELY MARINE GROUP (CRUSTACEA:
CIRRIPEDIA) 15:50-16:10. Larisa A. Prozorova'. Tatiana Ya. Sitnikova', Ronald Noseworthy ( Institute of
Biology and Soil Science FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia; Lminoiogical Institute SB RAS,
Irkutsk, Russia; ^Faculty of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, Republic of
Korea) ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF PACIFIC GASTROPODS IN
FAMILIES OF TROPICAL ORIGIN LITIOPIDAE AND DL4LIDAE
(CAENOGASTROPODA: CERITHIOIDEA) 16:10-16:30. Nguven Thi Thanh Thuy (Institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnam)
RECENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND POSSIBLE ASPECTS FOR INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY 18:30. Reception at Bao Dai Villar Hotel Restaurant, 18.30 pm December 7 fVenue - Conference Hall of the ID VAST) 8:30-10:30. Session D. Marine biodiversity 2 (Chairman: Dr. Konstantin A. Lutaenko) 8:30-8:50. Konstantin A. Lutaenko (A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS,
Vladivostok Russia) DIVERSITY OF BIVALVE MOLLUSKS IN THE SOUTH CHINA
SEA 8:50-9:10. Tatiana N. Dautova (A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS,
Vladivostok Russia) COMPETITION AND BIODIVERSITY IN CORAL COMMUNITIES:
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATIONS 9:10-9:30. Takeharu K O S U G E ' ' '. Hiroyoshi KOHNO' {'Okinawa Regional Research Center,
Tokai University, Okinawa, Japan; 'Aquaculture Research for Asian Tropics, TETSUGEN
VM, Phuoc The, Tuy Phong, Binh Thuan, Vietnam). A VIEW OF BIODIVERSITY IN
CORAL REEFS THROUGH THE EYES OF CORAL REEF FISHES -SPECIES
COMPOSITION OF GASTROPODS FOUND IN THE GUTS OF STRIPED LARGE-EYE
BREAM, GNATHODENTEX AUREOLINEATUS (PISCES, LETHRINIDAE) IN AMITORI
BAY, IRIOMOTE ISLAND, SUBTROPICAL JAPAN 9:30-9:50. Nguyen Viet Thuy', Tran Van Tien', Mai Duy Minh'. Nguyen Thi Xuan Thu'f^
Research Institute for Aquaculture No 3;' Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
THE IMPACT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RAINBOW
TRAUT {ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) CULTURED IN FLOWING WATER SYSTEM IN
LAM DONG PROVINCE ^10:10. T.N. Dautova', Nguyen Tac An', TV. Lavrova' ('A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of
mm Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia; 'institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang,
gwffl) THE JOINT 1MB FEB RAS AND VAST INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH t-TIVITY: LONG-TERM COLLABORATION HISTORY AND NEW PERSPECTIVES IN RINE BIODIVERSITY STUDIES |;io-10:30. Coffee break. j);30-ll:5O. Session E. Physiology and reproduction ofthe marine organisms
Chairman: Dr. Vo Si Tuan) 0:30-10:50. Ngo Thi Thu Thao (College of Aquaculture & Fisheries, Cantho University,
mam). REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF ARK SHELL ARC A
mCULARIS AT DIFFERENT SALINITIES 10:50-11:10. Salim Sh. Dautov (Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok Russia).
BIODIVERSITY OF THE ECHINODERMS AND THEIR PELAGIC LARVAE IN NEAR
SHORE ECOSYSTEMS OF NHATRANG BAY 11:10-11:30. Ngo Thi Thu Thao, Quach Kha Ly (College of Aquaculture & Fisheries, Cantho
University, Vieinam) REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF MUD CLAM GELOINA COAXANS
IN MANGROVE FOREST OF CA MAU PROVINCE, MECONG DELTA, VIETNAM 11:50-13:30. Lunch break. 13:30-15:10 Session F. Conservation and sustainable exploitation ofthe marine living
resources (Chairman: Dr. Tatiana N. Dautova) 13:30-13:50. Eduard A. Titlvanov'. Tamara V. Titlvanova', Pham Van Huyen' ('A.V.
Zhinnunsky Institate of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia; 'Nha Trang Institute
of Technology Research and Application VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnam) PROSPECTS OF
CULTIVATION OF SARGASSACEAE ALGAE IN VIETNAM 13:50-14:10. Vo Si Tuan (Institute of Oceanography VAST, Nim Trang, Vietnam) ON THE
COOPERATIVE PROJECT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES REFUGIA IN HAM
NINH COASTAL AREA OF PHU QUOC ISLANDS, VIETNAM 14-10-14-30 Nffiyen Chu Hoi (ASEAN Working Group on Coastal and Marine Environment,
Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands. IOC Vietnam) AN OVERVIEW OF THREATS
TO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF TROPICAL PEATLANDS AND MANGROVES IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA 14:30-14:50. Nguyen Xuan Truong. Vu Dinh Dap, Nguyen Van Giang (Research Institute for
Aquaculture No. 3. Nha Trang Vietnam) RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE SEA
CUCUMBER POPULATION IN VIETNAM 14:50-15:10. Vo Si Tuan (Institute of Oceanography VAST, Nha Trang, Vietnam) THE
PLANNED ACTIVITIES FOR CORAL REEF REHABILITATION IN VIETNAM 15:10-15:30. Coffee break. 15:30-16:30. Final discussion: future visions and collaboration perspectives.
Co-Chairman: Dr. Tatiana N. Dautova
Co-Chairman: Dr. Vo Si Tuan 18:30. Farewell party, Seafood Restaurant, 46 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai Str. THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE FOR RAINBOW TROUT {ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) CULTURE IN LAM DONG PROVINCE Hguyen ThiXuaa Thu',Nguyen VietThuj?, Trim TM Kim Hanh', Nguyen Anh Tien',Mai Duy Minh', Le Trung j r/ 'Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vieinam 'Researcfi Institute for Aquaculture No. 3, Nha Trang. Vietnam; e-mail; trungkyle@yahoo.com Introduction Rainbow trout {Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the valuable fresh water species and bbally cultured in temperate zones. Recently, this species has been cultured in Vietnam. The liter temperature is involved in biological processes in fish so the effects of temperature on fish feare of interest Suitable water temperatures for growth of rainbow trout were iiom 12 to IS^C ad the optimal temperature for their metabolism was 18°C (Gamperl et al., 2004; Boughton et al., DO?). They became inactive and stopped eating at 22''C, and started dying when water lemperature increased to 25-27°C. At high water temperatures fish's biological fimction and disease resistance decrease. Rainbow trout cultured at 20*'C had higher intestine fat content than nple at 20°C, fellet quality may be reduced. Bidgood (1980) stated that rainbow trout could Ee reared at 17°C (Nykanen, 2006). Therefore, if they were cultured at high temperatures, for nivive at a maximum of 24-26°C. However, this limit is not consistent and probably depends on M age. The high temperature threshold for rainbow trout was 29°C (Rodgers, Griffiths, 1983) md the low threshold was from I°C (Finstad et al., 1988) to 2''C (Belkovskiy et al., 1991). At (beselow temperatures fish's activities become slowly. In Europe rainbow trout are often culttired Itemperatuies between 10 and 15°C. In Vietnam fliey have been cultored at U - I S 'C in winter md 17-23°C in summer at reservoirs and streams m Sapa and Lam Dong province. We ask the (uestion which temperature range should be applied for culmring rainbow ttout in local :Mnditions of Viet Nam. The goal of this study was to detennine optimal temperature for rainbow trout (O. mykiss) of I Jfferent body weights eultuied in flowing water systems in Lam Dong province. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out from May to June 2009 at Freshwater Fish Research Mm, Klong Klanh, Da Lat city. Lam Dong province. Experimental tanks had volume of 1 m' ftlxO.5 m) containing 0.8 m' water. Hie culture system was a flowing system set at speed of 1^1.9 Umin. and water was supplied from natural streams. Dissolved oxygen in experimental Knb was maintained at more than 6.4 mgA. and pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.0. Air conditioning was "sed to control water temperatures in experimental tanks. - - 1 1 8- 3.b 3,
2.5
Weight :
(g) 2; 1 1.5 Triploid rainbow trout w used. There were two groups of I, i.e. 0.48 g/tad and 7 g/md and e was cultured in triplicate at different temperature ranges: 8 10-12, 12-14, 14-16 and 16-11 • 8-10°C
1 10-12°C
12-14°C
M-ie-c
le-is'c li 0.5i p- with an initial stocking density 90 mds/tank for one month. 20 30 10 1 Culture time (day) The fish were fed with J mulated diet (SKretting brand, c taining 42% protein). When lie £ were less than 2 g/ind they weie*- Fig. 1. Body weights of rainbow trout reared
at five different temperatures. 8 times with a feeding rate of 6| body weight per day.When getting bigger 2 g/ind they were fed 6 times with a feeding rate of Ijody weight a day. hi each experimental tank, 30 fish were weighed every ten days. Mean specific growth i in body weights (SGR, g/day) was estimated as following: SGR=(Fr,-r,)/t where W, is fish weight at time ( and W, is the initial fish weight Survival rate SR (%)! calculated by: SR = (number of live fish at the end ofthe experiment)/(total initial number offish). All the statistical analyses were performed using Excel software 2003. Significant dif ences in fish weight were analyzed using ANOVA. Results The growth and survival of fish (0.48 g/ind) nursed at different temperatures. The m temperatore affected growth of fish nursed at different temperatures. The mean body weights SGR of fish nursed at five different temperatures were summarized m Fig. 1 and Table 1. S and body weights of fish tended to increase when water temperature increased. Fish cultl at 16-18°C had significantly faster SGR flian fliose nursed at the other temperatures (p S-10°C Different superscript letters within a row indicate significantly different means
at p < 0.05 when the pan-wise comparison between neighboring columns was done.
I6-18"< 10-12"C 0.047 O.OIS 0,030 0.021 0.035 0.098 0.04« 0.064 0.071 0.054 0.104 Culture time (day)
to
20
30 0.043 0.054 0.062 0.074 0.083' Mean 0.035* 0.056' difference in fish weights between fastest growth-group and slowest growlli-group was 1.5 g after 30 day 98.34 experiment. The water temperatures did not clearly affect survival of fish (Fig. 2). The highest survival rate (98.34%) was found in the fish group nursed at 16-18''C, while the group reared at ]2-14''C had the lowest 96.11 95.56 95,56 93.89 survival rate (93.89%). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The results indi Fig. 2. Survival rate of rainbow trout reared
at five different temperatures. cate that in the experimental tempera- lerangeof S-IS^C, the temperature of 16-18°C was optimal for culturing rainbow trout of from 48 g/ind to 3 g/ind. The growth and survival of fish (7 g/ind) cultured at different temperatures. The water raperahire affected growth of rainbow trout cultured at different temperatures. The fish cultured at 5-]8°C grew significantly faster (p<0.05) than those cultured at the lower temperatures. The Berences in SGR and body weights are illustrated in Table 2 and Fig. 3 respectively. The licence in fish body weights between the group reared at 16-18°C (highest temperature) and the mp reared at 8-10°C (lowest temperature) was 12.6 g after a 30 day experiment period. Whereas IE water temperature affected the fish growth, it did not affect their survival. All fish reared at five Serent temperatures survived after 30 days. The results indicate that in the experimental bperature range of 8-18°C, the temperature of 16-18''C was optimal for culturing rainbow trout Fbetween 7 g/ind and 35 g/ind. Discussion The observed results show that temperature affected the growth of rainbow trout at both ini- il stocking sizes of 0.48 g/ind and 7 g/ind In the temperature ranges from 8 to 18 C, fish's •owth increased when temperature increased. This is supported by previous studies (Bidgood, Pble 2. SGR (g/day) of rainbow trout (7 g/ind) cultured at five different temperatures. Different
superscript letters within a row indicate significantly different means at p<0.05 when the
^
pair-wise mmnpri.^on between neighboring columns was earned out. I «.in-r I 10-12-C i I2-14'C 14-16-C ,.»..„w.„.,.
hire time (day) 0.676" 10-12 12-U 14-16 8-10 16-18 Teiiipeiattue (°C) 40 y 35 330 -»-S-10°f -H-10-12'>C' - J . - 1 2 - l «' l i :5
| :o
l is ^^14-16°C 10 -»-16-lS°C 1980; Rodgeis, Griffiths, 1983; nara et al., 1994). The temperature pacts on fish's metabolism, cons ently mfluences growth offish, hi table temperature range, higher ten rature makes metaljolism fester fish grow fester. 5 1 10 20 .10 Cultmetiuie(dayJ in two experiments with different initial sizes, the optimal te temperatuies for growth of lain^ trout were similar (16-18°C). 1 Fig. 3. The body weights of rainbow trout
cultured at five different temperatures. ^stest growth was found in the groi of fish cultured at temperatures of 16-18°C. It means that the temperatare of le-lST ii suitable magnitude for rainbow trout of fi»m 0.48 to 35 g/ind. This optimal temperature rainbow trout has akeady been reported by Gamperl et al. (2004) and Boughton at al. (2007) the present study, survival and growth of fish were rather high in comparison to previous tri (Noble et al., 2007) illustrating high efficiency of the techniques which was applied for the I culture experiments. Our results are different fi-om those previously reported. Alanara et al. (1994) repor that rainbow trout grew fast at IS^C, but when temperature went up to 16''C or higher, fis growth decreased. Also in European countries, rainbow b'out have been cultured at tempeiat firom 10 to \5°C, and at ISX fish consume more food and grow faster (Alanara et al., 19 Bailey, Alanara, 2006). There are some possible reasons for the conflicting results. First, different optimal temperature for fish could be explained by the difference in the ambient Wi temperature in the local places where the fish occur. In the countries such as Finland where native rainbow trout occur, water temperature is always low and rarely goes over 15°C.' common ambient temperature should be applied and at that temperature level the fish she have higher growth. However, ui the places with higher ambient temperature, the fish sho adapted to the higher temperature. Rodgers and Griffiths (1983) stated that the optii temperature for fish livmg in areas with high temperature all the year round is higher than I of fish living in colder areas. Other possible explanation is the effect of genetic factors. U now the quantitative trait loci affecting the fish ability to adapt to higher temperature have b discovered (Jackson et al., 1998) and followed by selecUve breeding for increasing temperai threshold (hieno et al., 2005). If this is the case then the rainbow trout we used for experiments should be from selection programs for higher temperature threshold. -121- Tiie present results indicate that in the experimental temperatures of 8-1 S^C in Lam Dong iflie optimal temperatures for culturing rainbow trout with body weight of from 0.48 to 35 VIS 16-18°C. This is interesting fl-om completing the techniques for culture ofthe fish. Acknowledgements The study was supported by national project No. KCb7/06-10. References am A. 1994. The effect of temperature, dietary energy content and reward level on the demand feeding activity of rainbow trout {Oncorliynchus mykiss) //Aquaculture. V. 126. P. 349-359. y J., Alarana A. 2006. Effect of feed portion size on growth of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), reared at different temperatures // Aquaculnne. V. 253. P. 728-730. ovslay N.M., Lega Yu. V., Chemitsldy A.G. 1991. Disruption of water-salt metaboUsm in rain bow trout, Salmo gairdneri, m seawater at low temperatures // Journal of Ichthology. V. 31. P. 134-141. '^odB.F. 1980. Tolerance of rainbow trout to direct changes in water temperature // Fishery * Research Report No. 15. Fish Wildlife Division. Edmonton, Alberta: Department of Recreation, Parks, and Wildlife. 11 p. IgA/OB D.A., Gibson M, Yedor R., Kelley E. 2007. Stream temperature and the potential growth and survival of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss in a Southern California creek // Fresh Water Biology. V. 52, N 7. P. 1353-1364. tlladB., Staumes M., Reite O.B. 1988. Effect of low temperature on sea-water tolerance in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri II Aquaculture. V. 72. P. 319-328. •peri A.K., Dougher B., Rodnick KJ. 2004. Hypoxia tolerance and preconditioning are not additive in trout {Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart // Journal of experimental Biology. V. 207. P. 2497-2505. m T., Tsuchida S., Kanda M., Watabe S. 2005. Thermal tolerance of a rainbow trout strain selected by high temperahire breeding // Fisheries Science. V. 71, N 4. P. 767-775. *on T.R., Ferguson MM., Danzmann R.G., Fishback A.G., Ihssen P.E., O'Connell M., Crease I TJ. 1998. Identification oftwo QTL influencing of upper temperature tolerance in three . lainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss hal6ib families // Heredity. V. 80, N 2. P. 143-151. He C, Suzuki K., Tabala M. 2007. The effect of differing self-feeding regimes on the growth, behaviour and fin damage of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss held in groups // Aquacultare. V. 264. P. 214-222. Ifenen M. 2006. Effect of temperature and feeding regime on compensatory growth of rainbow ' trout. University of Jyvaskyla: Master of Science Thesis. 32 p. * %« D.W., Griffiths J.S 1983. Effects of elevated themial regimes on survival of rainbow trout {Salmo gairdneri) II Journal of Great Lakes Researeh. V. 9. P. 421^24. - 1 2 2- Material and Methods Rainbow trout (101±14 g; meanistdev) obtained from Finland were stocked in triplicate into shaded circular tanks of 6.28 m' (2 m diameter, 0.5 m depth) at initial stocking densities of 80; 100; J20; 150 indsym' (502; 628; 753 and 942 mds. per tank) equivalent to j 8,10,12, 15 ' kg/m' respectively. The experiment was run for 10 monflis (July, 2009 to May, 2010) at Cold Water Fish Station, Klong Klanh, Da Lat, Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Tanks were supplied with untreated water direcfly fi-om a stream at ambient temperature of 16-18° C. Inflow rates were set to 40 L/mm in flie beginning and increased up to 80 L/min. Water quality parameters in tanks were typically wiflim the following ranges: dissolved oxygen beetwen 6.6 and 7.5 mg/L; pH of 7-8.5; unionized ammonia <0.004 mg/L. Fish were handfed a ration satisfying fish requirement basmg on inanu&cturer's tables (Skrettmg Aquaculture), which was fed in 4 to 8 meals between 07.00 and 17.00 under ambient lighting. The fish witil low health quality expressing erosion and inactively swimming were removed away fi-om the tanks. Each seven days, tanks were cleaned carefiilly. Fish weights were measured fiom monthly san^ling of 30 individuals per tank. At the end ofthe experiment, all fish in each tank were harvested and weighed. The survival rate for each tank was calculated as the numi>er-of present fish / total munber of initial stocked fish. The significant differences in mean weight of fish among treatments were tested using the excel software. S50 Results and Discussion The effects of stocking densities on the performance of fish were not detected in the first seven monihs but in the last three months. The results of overall mean weight, survival and the standard deviation fiom mean weight during entire 10 month study period are shown m Figs. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. At die end of 7fll monfli, the overall naean final weight was 575±132; 546±127; S50 - • -1 00 rndJm3 750- ' 1S0rntlJm3 B 450 1 350' Z50- ISO' start 1 4 2 3 5 6 7 10> B 9 montlis 515±110 and 502±87 g for flie treatment
with the mitial stocking densities of 80;
100; 120 and 150 ind./m', respectively.
These treatments have the mamtained den
sities of 36; 43; 49 and 59 kg/m'. However,
no statistically significant difference in
mean fish weight between treatment groups
at this study period was detected (p>0.05).
The survivals of fish in the treatment with
the initial stocking densities of 80; 100; 120
Fig. 1. Mean weight of rainbow trout over ten monfli and 150 ind7m' were 79.18; 78.78; 79.58 cultare in four stocking densities and 78.32%, respectively. The &vorabIe water conditions W ^^ — S0hd./in3 maintained during the first seven month -«-10Dlnd./m3 90 120)nd.;m3 period could explain for our observations. ISO Ind J m3 The performance of fish depends on the water quali^ and the feed intake. The ne - «. 9 gative effects of increasing stocking den 70 sity could be the water quality deterio B5 ration (Ellis et al., 2002) caused by higher density and /or the difference in feed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 Months intake (Alanara, Braim§s, 1996; Boujard et al., 2002). In our exp^iment, the water environmmtal parameters were maintain R g. 2. Survival of rainbow trout over ten month
culture in four stocking densities. ed at dissolved oxygen of 6.6-7.5 mg/L; pH fit)m 0 8^; unionized ammonia <0.004 mg/L by the use of hig}i rates of watCT exchange. These are abov ritical limits for rainbow trout (Wedemeyer, 1996). Also although fish in all treatments were fed a ration satisfying fish requirement, tfie average feeding rates and feed conversion rates were similar between treatment groups. Feed conversion ratios were not significantly different between the treatment groiq)s(l'.43±0.11; 1.41±0.U; 1.39±0.n and 1.45±0.11, respectively (p>0.05). Our results are similar to fliose reported by several authors (Ellis et al., 2002; North et al., 2006; Good et al., 2009) that increasing stocking deosity did not affect die performance of rainbow trout This is because in addition to suitable water conditions, the stocking density did not exceed die maximum level whtch could cause behavioral routs of welfare infiingeraent. In the present study, at the aid of seventh month, the treatment groups with the initial stocking densities of 80; 100; 120 and 150 inds.An^ respectively were maintained at 36; 43; 49 and 59 kg/m^. This suggests that the densi^ of 59 kg/m' is still in the safe range for culturing rainbow -«-SDind.Jhi3 trout fiT)m 100 to 500 g/ind. ieO' 140 In die last three month shidy pe -*-100 riod, the stocking density affected the sur 100 vival and gj-owth of fish. The survival ra 80 60 tes at tiie end of the experiment (the end 40- of lOfli monfli) were 76.23; 74.17; 69.18 X) . _ » _ - o - * ^ ^ >' - • and 65.27% for treatment groups of 80; _ 100; 120 and 150 indTm^ respectively. The mean weight of fish fix)m those treat ment groups were 1022±173; 975±162; Fig. 3. Standard deviation from mean weight
of rainbow trout over ten month culture in four
stocking densities. 858±153- 830±124 g respectively. No significant differences in mean weights was detected neitiier between treatinent groups with lower stocking densities (80 and 100 indVmS) nor between die ones vrith higher densities (120 and 150 indYm') (p>0.05). However, the statistically significant difference was detected between the lower and higher treatment groups (p<0.05). The difference m grovrth and survival of fish between treatment groups in the present study could be explained by tiie excessive stocking density compared to maximum level in the local water condition. A high stocking densities (ex. of 80 kg/m^) could have caused fish with more erosive fin (North et al, 2006) and skm and kidney (Good et al., 2009) reducing welfare of fish and consequentiy reducmg the growtii even in tiie favorable water conditions. In the present study, die maintained densities in die treatment groups of 80; 100; 120 and 150 ind./m which, at the end of 7fli month, were 36; 43; 49 and 59 kg/m' increased to 62; 72; 75 and 85 kg/m' respectively at the end of study. During flie last three monflis ofthe study, in the treatment groups witii higher densities, more fish were found with fin erosion, swimming mactively and fliose fish were removed from the tanks explaining for reduction in growth and survival. The significant differences in growth of fish between lower density groups (mitial stocking densities of 80 and 100 ind./m' equivalent to 62 and 72 kg/m' at flie end of study) and higher density groups (initial stocking densites of 120 and 150 ind./m' equivalent to 75 and 85 kg/m' at the end of study) recommend that the mamtained density of 75 to 85 kg/m' was not suitable for growing rainbow trout in the present study. Good et al. (2009) found that at the maintained density of 80 kg/m', increasing flowing rate of water could reduce fin erosion offish and.increase growth and survival. This should be appUed in practical rainbow trout culture. , There appeared to be an increase in weight variation as the stocking densities decreased (Fig. 3). The standard deviations of mean weight from the treatment groups of 80; 100; 120 and 150 ind./m' kept sunilar m the first five months, increased fast and got qiute different in the last three months. There are two possible reasons for this observation. The furst possible reason is the effect ofthe social environment within fish populations where inter-indi-vidual competition within the fish group increases overtime (Jobling, 1995). Weight variation increased m all treatments as higher level of hierarchies comprismg a group of dominant mdividuals at flie top of flie hierarchy, followed by a number of subdominants and, thereafter, a number of subordinates wifli low rank positions (Symons, 1970). Bagley et al. (1994) suggested fliat flie formation and maintenance of hierarchies becomes more difficult at high stoking densities. This could be explained for larger standard deviation m groups with lower compared to higher maintamed densities. Additionally, removal of fish wifli poor welfare fliat should have low growtii rate in flie treatment groups wdfli higher densities might narrow the standard deviation of mean weight The results suggest a minimum stocking density to mmimize flie variation in fish weight. To obtain high growtii but smaller variation in fish weight, stocking density of 100 kg/m' shows benefit over flie rest ones. ~136~ P. l!^-m. - 1 3 7- North B.P., Tumbull J.F., Ellis T, Porter MJ., Mgaud H, Bron J., Bromage N.R. 2006a. The impact of stocking density on flie wel&re of rambow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) II Aqua culture. V. 255. P. 466-479. North B.P., Ellis T., Tumbull J.F., Davis J., Bromage N.R. 2006b. Stocking density practices of commercial UK rainbow trout farms // Aquaculture. V. 259. P. 260-267. Symons P.E.K. 1970. The possible role of social and temtorial behaviour of Atlantic salmon parr in flie production rfsmolts // Technical Reports, Fisheries Research Board of Canada. V. 206. P. 1-25. Wedemeyer G.A. 1996. Rearing conditions: effects on fish in intensive aquaculture. Fish Stress and Healtii in Aquaculture // Fish stiress and healfli in aquaculture, Society for Experimental Bio logy Seminar Series 62. Eds. G.K. Iwama, A.D. Pickering, J.P. Sumpter and C.B. Schreck. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeisity Press. P. 38-71. ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF PACIFIC GASTROPODS IN FAMILIES OF TROPICAL ORIGIN LITIOPIDAE AND DIALIDAE (CAENOGASTROPODA: CERITHIOIDEA) Larisa A. Prozorova', Tatiana Ya. Sitnikovt^, Ronald Noseworth^, Ivan A. Kashin^, Alexander Yu. Zvyaginisev^ 'institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; e-mail: lprozorova@maiI.ru ' Limnological Institute ofthe Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia; e-mail: sit@lin.irkru 'Field Associate, Shellfish Aquaculture and Researeh Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, Korea: e-mail: rgnshells@yahoo.ca 'A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia; e-mail: ayzvyagin@gmail.com The gastropod families Dialidae and Litiopidae are of tropical origm, but are distributed m warm-temperate regions. Litiopidae live m shallow-water seagrass envn-onments {4laba H. & A. Adams, 1860) or on floating Sargassum mats (Litiopa Rang, 1869). Dialidae prefer coralline algae and seaweed, and are also found under rocks, in flie intertidal and subtidal zones. These closely related fenilies in flie Pacific range northward to Japan and Korea (Dialidae and Litiopidae) or flie Soufliem Russian Far East (Litiopidae ?). A raflier diverse litiopid fauna is recorded fi-om Japan and flie Korean Penmsula (Higo et al., 1999; Nosewoifliy et al., 2007, and otiiers). Diffalaba vladivostokensis (Bartsch, 1929) flxim Southern Primorye is flie only Russian species, and flie northernmost record of that mollusk group. The taxonomic position of this - 1 3 8- CA H OI V AN Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) VA G I AI PHAP
P H AT T R I EN NUOI d TINH L AM D O NG NguySn Quoc An va Nguyen Viet Thiy TOM TAT ' 5
-J
CA hoi van - Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) dugc di nhSp vao nuoi a tioK
L&n Dong tir nam 2006 tir Phan Lan thong qua Vien nghien cmi Nuoi trong Thiiy san I. AQ
nu6i c& hoi dugc xay dung a vung mii cao tren 1.200m c6 ngu6n nuoc suoi phdt nguySn t|
rimg nguyen sinh chay quanh nam, nhiet dp nuoc 1-21°C, ham lugng oxy 5-6 mg/1. Ca 1 n3]|
tu6i d^t trgng lugng 800-1.000 g/con, mot so ca th6 da thanh thuc va cho tning thugng phatl
Lugng trung thu dugc tuy thu6c vdo trgng lugng cd, dao dpng trong khoang 1.900-2.2d|
triing/kg cd cai. Duong kinh trung trung binh 4,4 mm, trgng Iirgng 50 jig, tuong duong voi ^
triing binh thucmg cua lodi. Tir nam 2007, Trung tam Nghien ciiu cd nuoc lanh Tay nguygg
thuOc Vi$n Nghien ciiu Nuoi trong Thuy san III da chii dpng nhap triing ca tam bgi va trun|
cd tgdn edi tvt Hoa Ky ve ip va nuoi thanh ca gidng cung cdp cho cac ca s6 nuoi thuong ph&t
trong khu vi^c Tay Nguyen. Hien Trung tam dang xay dung dan cd me, tuyen chgn tu cd nu^
thuong phim vd ca b6 dugc chuyen giai tinh tu triing cd todn cai, dong thoi nghien ciiu tm
tien che d6 nuoi vo ca b6 me dS cu5i 2010 co thS tu sdn xuit gi6ng todn cai. Nghien ciiu ste
xuit thiic an ii thay thS thiic an nhdp ngoai vd tdn dung lugng tning cd dk san xuat caviar d6;
cung dang dugc dat ra. R A I N B OW T R O UT Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) AND
S O L U T I O NS F OR D E V E L O P I NG T HE AQUACULTURE OF THIS
S P E C I ES IN LAM DONG P R O V I N CE Nguyen Quoc An and Nguyen Viet ThU] ABSTRACT Rainbow ttout - Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) were introduced to Lam Doi| Province in 2006 from Finland through the Research Institute for Aquaculture I. Cultui|
ponds were built in the mountains, where the elevation is over 1,200m with water stream
fliroughout ttie year evolved from forest, water temperature of 15-2rc, oxygen concentrati|
of 5-6 mg/1. Cultured result showed fliat one year-old fish weight reached 800-1.000 g/fist
some individuals have been gravid with roe. The working fecundity ranged 1.900-2.29
eggs/kg female, average egg diameter was 4.4 mm, weight 50 |ig is equivalent to the nomi;
size. However, eggs could not afford fertilization, may be caused by high temperature duri^
flie brood fishes rearing. Since 2007, Research Center of Cold Water Fish Aquaculture |
Centi-al Highlands under the Research Institute for Aquaculture 111 was active to puich^
triploid and all female trout eggs from the United States, self incubated, raised to fmgerli^
then provided to local commercial trout farms. Recently, the Center is formulating femj
trout brood fishes selected from commercial ones, and sex-inversion male brood fishes M
all female fish eggs, improving flie brood stock rearing regimes, aimed to produce all fen^
trout fingeriings by the end of 2010. Research on self-produced pellet food to repla|
-^
imported food and take advantage of fish eggs to produce red caviar is being imposed. 164 I. B^C DIEM SINH HQC 1. NguSri g6c, phSn b6 va dac diSm hinh thai Ca h8i la tgn titog Vifit dung dl chi m0t s6 loai ca fliuOc ho Salmonidae. Thj tij
tii^ gidi hi?n c6 2 dang ca hoi Salmo va Trout. Thong tiiucmg ca h6i salmo dCmg dS cB
ioili fliuoc gi6ng Salmo c6 ngu6n g6c D?i Tay Duong, con cd hoi trout ding de chi cdc
•fliu$c giSng Oncorhynchus co ngu6n g6c Thai Binh Diioiig._ Thit ca hdi c6 mau dd, i
iugng cao, nhidu axit beo kh6ng no rit bo duBng. Trtog cd hoi muoi ggi la caviar do B
tlnic phim qui hifn co gid khodng 500-600 USD/kg. Cd hhi da nhip vdo nuac ta la cd h5i van {Oncorh^ehus mykiss), hay con ggi Id ci
rang Thdn cd hinh ttioi fliuon dai. Khai diem viy lung ndm each diu m6m vd 4u6i, co 3.
vdy Cling va 10-12 tia vay mim. C6 1 vay ma nam gin phia cu6ng du6i. Vay h|u mon ci
tia vdy Cling va 8-12 tia vay phan nhdnh. D^t song c6 60-66 chiSc. Viy khd nhi, si
dutag ban la 136-148 edi [8]. Cd trudng thdnh c6 sgc flian mau d6. Ngodi ra ca diic tn
'hanh co ham ducri dai han hdm frgn vd cong len phia trSn rit dl nh$n biit. , , „ . ,! ,. , , .
« « '' ^- C« hoi van truong thanh Cd hii vdn dugc Johann Julius
Walbatun ghi chep ldn dau nam 1792 [9]
va,d|t tSn la Salmo nrykiss. Gdn day,
nghien ciiu ADN cho thiy cd hii van c6
d|c diim di truyin gin gui vdi cd hoi
Thdi Binh Duang
{Onchorhynchus
species) hem Id vdi cd hii nau {Salmo
trutia) hodc cd hii Dai Tdy Duong
•{Salmo salar), do dd ten giing da dirge
ill thdnh Onchorhynchus. Cd hii cd 2 dang diu cd ten khoa hpc Id Oncorhynchus mykiss, phan biet theo
Anh la steelhead va rainbow. Cd hii rainbow suit doi song trong nirdc nggt, mail sac s
do nhiiu soc do d than tao nen. Vi vdy no cd ten Id rambow nghia Id cdu ving. d
steelhead d giai doan chua tnidng thdnh song ngodi biin, mau sic thodi hda, mau dd c
khdng cdn, khi sinh sdn thi ngugc vao nude nggt de tning. Lflc nay mau sic cia nd plfl)
ird 1^ nhu cd rainbow [7]. Do ch5 de cua 2 d ^g cd ndy nhu nhau nen cd s\f giao phoi H
gitta chdng, thi he con edi vl mat di truyin thi hien su giao thoa d miic dd khdc nhau. V
cd thi mgt si ca con ciia steelhead se d lai nude nggt, trong khi dd mdf so cd con cua raij
l?i xudi ddng ra song d biSn. W
Cling vdi qua trinh phat triin nghi nuoi cd hii trto khdp cdc chau luc vd kit qu
cdng tdc chpn giing da tao ra nhiiu dong cd hdi vdn mang nhilng tinh uu vi$t nhat dinl
i^ vdi tiing vilng dia ly vd thj hiiu ngudi ti8u ding nhu cd hdi dd, cd hdi vdng. Ngodi n
iidng nghd di truyin da sdn xudt mdt edch dai trd cd hii tam bdi, cd hdi toan cai... dl ph
eho miic dieh nudi thuong mai. 2. Tinh an Idcd Cd hoi ydn thudc lodi ca dii. Thiic an chu yiu cua chiing ngay ti khi cdn nhd cd i
con.Chilng cd thi bdt cac dpng vat cd chiiu dai bdng 1/3 co thi cua ching. Cd hi VltN NOHIEN cdu NOOl TRdNQ TH6Y SAM 111 - NHA TRANQ an cdn tring, gidp xac nhd, nhuyin thi, trung cd vd cdc lodi cd nhd (bao gim cd cd hii khdc)
Cd hii vdn cd nhd sdng d nude tinh rit fliich dn ddng vjt phi du [1]. NghiSn Clhi chi ra ring cd hii steelhead cd thi do dn nhiiu dpng viit giap xde nhu tdm,
cua^nen thjt cia ching cd mdu hing gidng nhu cd hii sahno, gid bdn eao. Cd hdi van an^
nhieu, miu sSc flijt nh?t, kem hip dan hom. Ngdy nay cdc co sd nudi cd hii vdn tiiuong phSj,
diu si dvmg ttitiro dn viSn cd bd sung bdt tdm cua hoJc cdc chit ting hgp nhu astaxanfliin yS
canthaxanthin de cai thidn mdu sic thit cia cd cho kit qud rit tit [3; 6]. 3. Sinhtrwdrng Cd hii vdn sinh tirong fliich hgp nhdt d nhiSt dp 12-18°C. Trong gidi hjn ndy, nhift' df cdng cao tdc dp sinh trudng cdng nhanh. 6 nhiSt dp 12°C cd 12, 24 vd 36 flidng tudiij-
trgng lugng tuong ing Id 100, 900 vd 2.500g. Vugt qud gidi han nhift dg trdn cd sinh hudif
ch|m l?i. Khi nhift df len qud 20°C chiic nang sinh ly cua<;d hi ic chi, khd ndng khdng bfnl'
gidm. Nhift dp 25°C trd len ca chit rit nhanh [2]. Tai Lam Ding nhift dd nude ao nudi dii'
dfng trong khodng 15-18°C nSn cd 1 nam tuii da cd flil dat 800-1.000 g. 4. Sinh san Khi mia ddng tdi, nhift df nude ha xudng cing Id lie tuyin sinh due cia cd bit daui
phdt triin m?nh. Nhift df thich hgp nhit dl tuyin sinh due phdt triin Id 5-13°C. Nhift d|
nude trSn 13°C tuyin sinh dye khdng phdt triin hodc phdt hien khdng binh thudng. Cd hfil
vto de tiling d nhift dp 2-13°C. Khi nhift do tdng len qud 13°C phdi thai phdt ti-ien khd^
binh thudng, ty If di hinh cao. Ngugc lai khi nhiet dd xuing din 0,5°C phdi thai cua no vW
phdt triin vd nd binh thudng nhung thdi gian ip keo ddi hon [3]. Cd hii vdn thudng dd vdo cdc thdng 3-8 d thugng nguin cdc sdng ving dn ddi. Cd e^j
ddo hi vd dd tring d ddy, mSi hi dd khodng 800-1.000 tiling. Tning nd sau 6-7 tudn. Cdhp
edi cd sic sinh sdn tuong dii khodng 1.000 tning/kg. Tning cd hdi cd mdu vdng nh^t ho0
vdng cam, dudng kinh 4-7 inm n^ng khodng 100 mg. Sau khi thy tinh 160 dd-ngdy xuat U^
diim mat, 320 df-ngdy thi nd nhung vin ndm d ddy, vd 600 df-n^dy thi boi len mdt nm^
Tull thg cia cd hii rainbow khodng 3-4 ndm, cd steelhead cd thi sdng din 6-8 nam [3]. Hi^
nay cd thi cho cd hii dd quanh ndm nhd nudi bdng hf thing nude tudn hodn, chi dfng diea!
khiin nhift dd vd thyi tinh bing phuong phdp nhdn t^o. II. QUA T R I NH DI N H^ VA K^T QUA NU6l T^I LAM DONG Trong thdi gian thdng 1 vd 2 ndm 2005 Vifn Nphidn ciu Nudi tring Thiy sdn 1 A
nhjp 2 lan vdi tdng si 50.000 tning cd diem mdt ti Phdn Lan dl nudi thi nghifm tai Sa Pa-
(Ldo cai), noi cd nhift df nude 8-12°C. Ket qud 95% si triing dd dp nd thdnh cdng vd uong;
g
ldn tfidnh cd giing cung cip cho mft si co sd nudi d miin Bic [5].
Thdng 4/2006, thuc hifn dl tdi nudi thi nghifm cd nude lanh cia Sd Ndng nghifp ^
Phdt ti-iln Ndng thdn tinh Lam Bing, Vifn Nghien cuu Nudi tiring Thiy sdn 111 da chuj^
1.700 cd giing ti Sapa vdo nudi t?i flidn Dai Chais, xa Klong Klanh, huyfn Lac Duong tio)^
Ldm Ding. Sau mdt nam thu dugc 1.500 cd thit cd 1,0-1,5 kg cung cip cho flu trudng Dd L?t|
Ti nam 2007, Vidn Nghidn cuu Nudi frlng Thiy san III ^ chi dfng nhdp hing^;
hoi ti Hoa Kj' vl dp nd thdnh cdng tai Da Lilt, ucmg ldn flidnh ca giing cung cip cho nhiiu o^
sd nudi tai Ldm Dong. Igg ' Vif N NOHIEN Cfla NdSl TRONG THQY SAN III. NHA TRAS i. Ve mdi trurfrng ao nudi Diiu kifn tit nhit dl cd hii vdn sinh frudng Id d nhift df 12-18°C vdi hdm lugt 7 mg/lit trd ldn. Tai Ldm Ding chi cd mft sd it dja dilmd ving cao 1.200 m tr* ldn, cd
Biidc suii tii ring nguydn sinh Id ddp ing dugc yiu ciu vl nhift df nude nhung hdm
dxy chi d?t 5-6 mg/llt (Bdng 1). $dng 1 - Lull lugng vd chi tidu chit lufng nu-dc suii cip cho ao null cua Trung tin
jighidn cdn ca nvdc lanh TSy nguydn (thdng 6/2008) Dl khdc phyc tinh trang thiiu nude vd hdm lugng dxy thip cac co sd nudi 6
Ding diu xSy dung hf thing ao nii tiip nhau theo kiiu bjc thang vdi df chdnh Ifdi
nude giiia cdc ao lien kl 30-50 cm dl tang khd ndng hda tan dxy nhung kit qud ciing 1
khd hon. Sl lifu bdng 2 cho thiy hdm lugng dxy tironjj hf thong ao cua Cdng ty Giaj
gidm diu dan ti nguin vdo (5,02 mg/1) cho din ao culi cing xd ra ngodi (3,57 mg/l).;
thdi hdm lugng NH3 cung tang ldn ti 0,023 mg/1 nguin vdo din mic dp nguy hiSm c
(0,276 mg/1) d ao euoi cing vd cong xd. Bang 2 - Chi tieu chat lagns nirdc hf thong ao nudi cd hii ciia cong ty Giang Ly
(flidng 6/2008) Do mat cdn bfcig giila ra$t df flid vd lugng nude cip vdo hd, flidm vdo dd d6n|
trong ao yiu khiin chit huu co ling dpng ngdy mft nhiiu, mdi trudng ddy ao xiu di \i
cd flmimg xuydn bj bfnh. Ddy Id tinh tr?ng pho biin d hiu hit cdc co so nudi cd hll tu 1
Ldm Ding Vifc dvta vdo nguin nude suii tvt nhidn cdn khd bj dfng nhit Id khi tidi mua
dye kdm flieo rac thdi ti ring nguyfn sinh dd vl. Nude dyo lam ldng dgng bin dit trei cd^gdy cdn trd hd hip din din nging dn, gidm smh frudng, trudng hgp ndng cd cd flil chit
Dieu ndy gay cdn trd cho qud ttinh nudi cd nhdt Id vl mia mua. Vdi lugng nude 06 h|n vd hdm lugng dxy thip mudn md rgng sdn xuit khdng cdcl
ndo khdc Id phdi si dymg cdng nghf nudi nude tuin hodn cd bl sung dxy. Muin vdy co so
nudi cd hll phdi tiip xic dugc vdi ngudn difn ludi In dinh vd kinh phi di dl ttiin khai cdM
nghf nudi mdi. 2. vl thi-c in nudi ca Din nay cdc CO sd nudi cd hll fliuomg phim d Ldm Ding vin phdi nhdp fliic ii
chuydn d^ng ti nude ngodi vdi gid cao (khodiig 40.000-45.000 dong/kg). Dl ha gid mua thdd
an cdc cdng ty phdi ehung nhau ddt mua vdi sl lugng dung cho cd ndm. Diiu ndy din din b^
Igi Id tiiic dn bj biin chit trong qua ttinh bdo qudn, nhit Id diiu kifn df dm cao d cdc tirai nnSj
cd, ldm gidm chat lugng thjt vd cd dl hi bfnh iihu hifn nay. Cdc chuydn gia Nga cdn cho ring'
fliic an nhdp cd hdm lugng lipid rit cao (25%) se ldm cd qud beo cdn ttd phdt ttiin tuyin sinli
dvc ndn khdng till ding de nudi cd bl me. Ndm 2009, Vifn Nghien ciu Nudi tting Thuy sdn III dd phii chi fliic' an vidn 14
nguydn lifu ttong nude, gidm ham lugng lipid cdn 10% ding dl nudi thi nghifm cd hoi hju
hi c6 800 g. Sau 1 thdng nudi thiy hdm lugng md nfi quan gidm di td rft, nhumg thjt cd khdng"
c6 mdu dd nhu nudi bdng thic an nhfp (Hinh 2). Hinh 2. Ngi quan ed nudi bdng thitc dn nhdp nhieu mS nhung thit do (A); Ndi quan ci
nudi bdng thiic dn tu che it md nhung thit trdng (B) Theo ddnh gid cia chuydn gia day id kit qua tit, cd thi ding thic dn ndy dl nudi-cd b
mp vd hfu bi. Niu ding dl nudi ca thit thi cd thd bl sung them caroteinoid dd cai thifn ma
sdc thjt cd. 3. vl san xuat cd giong Chi dpng sdn xudt va cung cip giing cho nhu cdu nudi tai ch8 Id nhifm vu dat ra ch
Trung tdm nghidn ciu cd nude l^nh Tdy Nguydn. Muin sdn xuit giing, trudc hit cin x^
dvmg ddn cd bd mp chit lugng tiidnh thyc tit. Cd hll nudi d Ldm Ding fliudng tiidnh flivic vii
thdng 9-12. Kit qud kiim tia sl cd dugc giii lai dl ldm cd mp tai Trung tdm Nghidn ciu 6
nude Ipih Tdy Nguydn cho thiy lugng chia tting vd kich fliudc tiling diu binh fliudng. V
mdt cdm quan cho fliiy co flil dung dl sinh sdn nhan t^io (Bdng 3). 168 Tuy nhidn, tiii nghifm flivi tinh nhdn tao cho sl tiling fliu dugc -via qua vdi 1 v
juc sin cd diu khdng cho kit qud. Theo kinh nghifm cia Trung Quic, neu nudi dudng I
liiu kifn nhift df binh qudn cd nam 16,0-17,5°C cd flil van thu dugc tiitag nhung 1
khdng thi thii tinh [4]. DI khdc phuc tinh ti-ang ndy trong flidi gian tdi can tidn han
lighifm ha nhift do ao nudi xuing dudi 16°C hodc t^o diiu kifn cho cd qua ddng nhdn 1
nhift df dudi 13°C thdi gian 1-3 thdng. >0,8 2000
>4,0
>50 2,15
5000
2593
4,5
51 Hifn nay, Trung tdm cd nude lanh Tay nguyen dd chpn ra dugc 86 ca edi 2 tuii, 1
logng 3-4 kg vd vao khodng 300 cd cai hau bi tten 1 hili, trgng lugng binh qudn 1,5 kg t
thvic lin diu. Ca 2 dan cd ndy se dugc si dyng dl sdn xuit cd gidng cung_cap cho nhi
nghi nudi cia dja phuong ding thdi thi nghifm sdn xuit tiling cd dd thvrc phdm.
Bdng 3 - Kit qud kiem tra chat lu-gng tru-ng dan ca hoi me t?i Trung tam Nghien clh
inrdc l?nh Tdy Nguyen (thdng 12/2008 - 3/2009) Bien Chi tieu TrisI
-TB SD Min flfng
Max Ti8u chi
cinfliii ^"sJ
TT
Nhdm I (ca 2 nam tuii) 1 Trgng iugng ca >0,8 0,03
203
156
0,07
1,29 0,96
1514
1226
3,9
•45 2000
>4,0
>50 1,39
4764
3503
4,9
55 1,98
4352
2201
4,4
a^l
1,21
2400
1900
4,4
52 Nhdm n (cd 1 nam tuoi)
1 Trgng lugng cd (kg)
2 Sue sinh san tuyf t doi (trung/con)
3 Sic sinh sdn tuang doi (trung/kg)
4 Dudng kinh tring (mm)
., 5 Trgng lugng tning (mg) Cd hii giing ding dl nudi thucmg phim hifn nay diu si dvmg cd todn edi hodc d
if i vi cho tic dd sinh trudng nhanh hifu qud kinh tl cao. Mft ttong nhOng phuong phd)
iuat cd giing todn edi Id cho giao phdi gitta cd edi genotype vdi cd dvtc phenotype. Mull
phdi cd ddn cd dire phenotype tao ra ti tring dd thvi tinh cd edi genotype. Thdng l/I
:huydn gia Nga dS giip Trung tdm Nghidn ciu cd Nude l?nh Tdy nguydn tiin hdnh i
Sormone smh due dvic (Methyl-testosterone) dd chuyin gidi tinh cho 8.000 tning cd hii
f^ nhdp ti Hoa ky. Kit qud dat ty If nd 90%, ty If sing cia cd bdt Id 72%. Sau 1,5 t
nudi frpng lugng binh qudn sd cd ndy dat 540 mg/con. Din thang 11/2009 thu dugc tli
1800 cd vdi ti-png lugng trung binh 350 g/con. Culi nam 2010 sd ca dvrc ndy se thdnh tiii
^ the tham gia sinh sdn. *! Van dl tieu thy san phim 't,
^?" I!™* '^^ '*''' ^^ """i ""^t hifn rit dugc hoan nghdnh tirdn thi trudng Da L
™nh phd Hd Chi Minh. Mft sd nhd hdng tiiudng bdn vdi gid rit cao (ttdn 350.000 dln(
W nhidn, do sdn lugng nudi tang ldn vd cd sit canh tranh gitta cd hdi tuoi song nfi dia v
» ddng lanh nhdp khiu vdi gid re han rit nhidu (4 USD/kg) ndn ngudi tidu ding dd qu
Phoi thudng chgn mua loai ndy. Do dd vide edi tidn ky thuat nudi, gidm chi phi cong thic an, ndng cao ty If sing vd tic df sinh trudng Id nhifm vy cin dugc quan tdm gidi qui
;'
nhim h$ gid sdn pMm. Thdi gian via qua sdn phim triing cd hdi chua dugc quan tdm ding mic. Cd 1
thuong phim hifn nay diu Id cd hii edi, khi d^it cS cd fliuong phim thirdng cd tring d g
do?in Ill-rV. Ngudi tidu ding khdng thich mua cd cd tring vi chit lugng flijt bj gidm. V
mia sinh sdn tivng lugng tring cd bdng 10-12% tiigng lugng cd. Niu dugc chi biin tl^
caviar dd dam bdo chit lugng dl bdn cho nha hang, khdch san sS Id mot nguon thu ldn. Nhu
tirdn thvic tl sdn phim ndy dd b) bd qua do chua cd bifn phdp tiip thi tit. Do dd, cin phi H
kf thu|t ldm caviar dd cho ngudi nudi vd tdng cudng tiip thi sdn phim ndy mft edch rfng ij T AI LI|;U THAM KHAO 1. Cadvrallader, P.L. and G.N. Backhouse, 1983. A guide to the freshwater fish of Victorii Government Printers. Melbourne. 249 p. 2. J^^BHK H.$., 2008. FeKOMeBsamiH H noacHemDi K HsipantHBaHHio ^opeiui; no FopuHHOBa Mapmia HjisHuqua rjiasuHM cuemiajmcT OTACJia cejn>xo3KOHcyjiLTHpoBHBi
(8611268-59-17: http://www.ikc-apk.kuban.ni/oteasli/rihovodstvo/170708rib.httn 3. FAO. O 2005-2009. -. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Text by Covi 1. G. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated 15 Junej
2005. [Cited 3 December 2009].
http://wwTV.fao.org/fisherv/culturedsnecies/Oncorhvnchus mvkiss/en#tcNA0078 4. HuangJuii,2001. Special valuable fish &inhig-Special Economic Animal Bieedmg Books/China Agricultural University Press.
http://sojnei2faou.eov.cn/mam v2 3/contentfiles/detail.iso?dpaiam^'iesaeritech&infoid=139M
5. Nguyin van TWn, 2005. Nudi cd hii vdn (OncAor)"'cAi«»i.)'*«i)d Vift Nam: nhOng| chi vd triin vpng vraw.viia5tgov.vn/.../51-
Nuoi%20ca%20Hoi%20van%20o%20VN.pdf 6. IIoHOMapdB C.B. H JlaryTKHHa JI.y., 2008. OepMcpcKoe pbtdoBoscTBo; MocKBa 200^ 343 cip. Tjiasa 1 l-KoMdHKHpoBaHHue Kopina wist pBi6oBO«Hoi $epMU. 7. Ridolfi, K. and K. Wehrly, 2006. "Oncoihynchus mykiss" (On-line), Anhnal Diveisity Web: Accessed June 29,2008 at
hllpV/animaldiversitviimmz.uniich.edu/site/accounts/infotmaaon/Oncorhvnchus mvkissJili 8. Spillman C.J., 1961. Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Feddration Fran9aise de Socidtds Naturelles, Tome 65. Paris. 303 p. 9. Walbaum, J. J., 1792. Petti Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema to
ichfliyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum chaiacteribus, specie
differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyoloi
pars III. Ant. Feidin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae [Greifswald]. Artedi Piscium [i-viii] + 1-
Reprint 1966 by J. Cramer. vifN HGHIEN cau MuSi TRdna tHflv SAN IU . NHA-nS 170 NGHIEN CUtJ THIET KE HE THONG NU6l CA T AM
CONG NGHIfP THEO HINH THtfC KHEP KIN TUAN HOAN Nguyin Thi Xuan Thu, Nguyin Quic An, Mai Duy Minh T 6M TAT Bdo cao chuySn de thufc dl tdi cdp nha nude: "Nghidn ciu cdng nghf, he thing thilt
bj ddng bf nudi cdc ddi tugng thiy sdn cd gid ttj kinh tl cao (nude nggt, ig man)". Ma sl:
KC.07.15/06-10, thyc hifn ti 4/2008-12/2010. Muc tidu cua dd tdi Id tao ra dugc cdng nghf
vd hf thong thiet bi ddng bg phuc vy nudi cdc ddi tugng thuy sdn cd gid tri cao. RESEARCH ON DESIGNING A CLOSED SYSTEM FOR
COMMERCIAL STURGEON AQUACULTURE Nguyen Thi Xuan Thu, Nguyen Quoc An, Mai Duy Minh ABSTRACT This report is part of the project result: "Research on technoiogies, synchronous
equiped systems for aquaculture ofthe high value fish m fresh, brackish and marine waters".
Project ID: KC.07.15/06-10, which is implemented from April, 2008 to December, 2010. The
aun of this project is to create technologies and synchronous equiped systems for cultivating
iiigh value fish species. I . M 6 D AU Cd tdm (Sturgeon) thugc hg Acipenseridae, cd nguon gic dn ddi. Cd tdm xuat hifn ttdn
trai dit khodng ban 100 trifu nam trudc vd hifn chia ldm 4 ching loai Ididc nhau gdm 25 lodi,
fone dd nudi phi biin Id cd tim Siberi, cd tim Nga, cd tim sao, cd tim lai beluga vd sterlet.
]Cd tdm chi gap d vung biin dn ddi vd fliudng gap tai Bde Dai Tdy Duong, Bic Thai Binh
fiitong, ving bien Caspian, biin Den, tai nhiiu sdng vd hi nhu sdng Delaware, Rhin,
.Garonne, Elbe, Volga, Danube vd ho Ladoga. Cd tdm id lodi di cu ndn chiing di chuyin nhiiu
y| dl thich nghi vdi cdc diiu kifn sinh thdi khdc nhau, vi flil cd tim dugc di nhdp vdo nhiiu
^lidc d chau Au, chdu My vd chdu A.
"•
Theo thing kd cia FAO till sdn lugng cd tdm gidm sit rit nhanh do vide khai thde cd
ldm fliyc phim vd liy tting den Caviar (ti 32.078 tin nam 1978 din ndm 2000 chi cdn 2.000
t^). Ti ndm 1997 hiu hit cdc lodi cd tim dd dugc lift vdo phy lye I vd phy luc 11 cua Cdng
WC SITES vd bit diu cd hifu luc ti 1/4/1998. Thda thuan ndy dd han chi nghidm ngjt vifc
Ithai tilde vd budn bdn cd tim. Nguin igi cd tim gidm sit dd kich thich nghi nudi cd tim cia
tKI gidi ttong thdi gian 10 ndm ttd lai ddy. Nghd nudi cd tdm dl sdn xuit caviar yd bdn tning
Sd fliy tinh ttd flidnh ngdnh kinh doanh hip c&i nhiiu nhd diu tu tirdn thi gidi, nhit Id d nhiing
nude cd tiim nang kinh tl vd ky thuft tidn tiin nhu Phdp, Die, Bi, My, Trung Quic,...
;
d Vift Nam, dl tdi thi nghifm di giong vd nudi cd tim Nga dugc thuc hifn diu tien
nfai 2000 tai Dd Lat do TS. Nguyen Qudc An, Vifn Nghien ciu NTTS III chi hi. Tuy nhien,
fiogui djnh cua SITES, nude Nga cim nghidm ngat vifc xuat tiling cd tdm ndn de tdi dd ding
?iii vi khdng nhap du-gc ttiing fliy tmh ve uong ip. Ndm 2003-2004, Vifn NCNTTS I thdng
qua du dn hgp tdc quic tl vdi Phin Lan da dua dugc hing cd tdm Siberi vd cd tam Nga vd
Siidi thi nghifm tji Sapa thdnh cdng. Nam 2005, mft sl gidng cd dd chuyin vdo nudi d Da yilS NGHI6N cau NUOI TRONG THUY SAN III - NHA TRANG TT9 Lat flidnh cdng, Id ca sd dl cdc doanh nghjdp md rfng qui md. Ndm 2007-2008, cdn|
tim Vift Nam da sdn xuat dugc gin 100 tin cd tim t^ Hi Tuyin Lam vd Da Nhim, i
nguon fliu ddng kl. Hifn nay, nhu ciu tidu thy cd tim fliuong pham titiiig nude khd ldn,
nghidn ciu phdt ttiin cdc loai hhih nudi mdi, djc bift nudi cdng nghifp dd tfn dyng
nude lanh vd difn tich nudi Id cin thidt. Nhttng lodi cd tim dd t hi nghifm nudi thdnh edng d Vift Nam la: 1. Ca tim Sterlet Tdn khoa hpc: Acipenser rulhenus (Lismaevis, IISS)
Tdn fling Anh: Sterlet Sturgeon Ngdnh;
Ldp:
Bg: Hg:
Giong:
Loai: ; Chord,
Actino
Acipei
Acipei
Acipen
A. ruth Hinh I. Cd tdm Sterlet (Trich ngudn:
http://upIoad.wikimedia.Org/wikimedia/commons/7/7
l/Acipencer_Ruthenus_Linnaeus_1758_sterlet.jpg) Lodi cd tim Sterlet sdng d biin Caspian, biin Den, Azov, Baltic,... di cu vdo d
nhu Volga, Da-nup dd sudi sdn hdng ndm. Cd tim Sterlet cd thi nang din 16 kg, ddi 1
125 cm, cd mdu xdm d mdt lung vd hoi vdng d mdt byng. Nguin thic in chi yiu ci!
ddng vft ddy nhu gidp xde, giun, iu tiring cdn h-ing, nhuyin thi. Cd cd tuii flip ti 22-2
Tuoi thdnh thyc cia cd edi tii 3-7 ndm vd cd due tii 5-12 ndm. Sic sinh sin ti 15.000-
tring/cd me. Thdi gian sinh sdn ti gitta thdng 4 din diu thdng 6 khi nhift dp nude da
ti 12-17°C. Cd tim Sterlet dugc ding dl tao con lai nhu: Sterlet x Beluga {Huso huso) = (Bester) Sterlet x Siberian [Russian {Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)]
Sterlet x Diamondback 2. Cd tim Nga Tdn khoa hgc: Acipencer gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833
Ten tidng Anh: Rusian Sturgeon Cd tdm Nga phdn bd chi yiu d Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Kazal
Romania, Russia, Thi Nhi Ky vd Ukraine. Lodi cd ndy cd thi ldn co 190 cm vd 113
tam Nga khdng the sinh sdn vd thdnh tiiyc sdm ndn ttong tu nhien quin ddn cia chi 180 nhd, dugc xip vdo sach dd thi gidi muc bdo dfng dd EN. Cd tim Nga Id lodi ldn, sing trong
ving bidn Den, Azov, va Caspian, de ttimg ttong sdng Mom ngdn va bang Hinh 2. Cd tdm Nga nudi tgi Lac Duang Ldm Dong
(cd 3 ndm ttili, trgng lugng 8 kg) ^3, Cd tiim Siberi Tdn khoa hpc: .4cipencer 6aera Brandt, 1833
Ten fling Anh: Siberian Sturgeon Hinh 5 Ca tdm Siberi nuoi tgi Lac Duang
Ldm Dong (ca 4,5 ndm tuoi, ngng 30kg) $nh 4. Cd tdm Siberi (Trich nguin:
§^://uploadwikimedia.orgAvikimedia/com
Plons/7/71/Acipencer_baeri_
~pandtJ833) 5;
T^i Vift Nam, cdc lodi cd nay dang dugc nudi ttong 2 loai hinh la ttong ao nude chdy
^ ling tten hi chia. C) cd 2 igai hinh, mft df nudi tiy thufc vdo ki'ch co vd lugng d xy hda
an tu nhidn ttong nude, cd flil dat 30 kg/m^. Diiu kifn mdi trudng nudi yeu cdu nhu sau: ;' Nhift df nude: 18-24°C, 'IIN NGHIEN CflU NU6l TR6NQ THAY SAN III - NHA TRANG ~ fgY" Hdm lugng dxy hda tan: >5 mg/l
Chit ddy cing, cd da sdi. Nghien ciu thilt kd hf thing nudi cdng nghifp cd tim dvra trdn vifc tinh toi
giua cdc yiu tl diu vdo vd cdc yiu to diu ra dl duy tii In djnh mdi trudng nudi, nl
df vd nang suit nudi ttdn mdt don vj difn tich Id ydu cau cin thiet hifn nay. n. CO sd TINH TOAN THifiT KJ6 H£ T H 6 NG N U 6I CA T AM CONG NO) 1. Mft s6 chi tieu k^ thuat t Nhift dd:15-25°C;
Ngudng chit thdi rin: 9/mg/l;
Ngudng amonia ting sd: 0,55 mg/l;
Ngudng dxy hda tan (dxy ttong ddng chdy ra khdi bl nudi cd): 7,5 mg/l;
Ngudng CO2: 10 mg/l;
Sdn lugng nudi: 3.000 kg cd/vy;
Tuan hodn nude 100%. 2. Tinh todn thong so thilt kl dua tren cac ydu ciu ky thu^t vd chi tieu mdi tnr Cdc thilt bj cin trang bj dl ddm bdo cdng nghf xi ly nude theo phuong pi
vd sinh hpc, kdm theo mft sd thilt bi khdc nhdm gidm cdng. lao dpng phd thdng
ngia dieh bdnh. Tham khdo theo phuong phdp cia Timmons et al., (2002) de tin
lugng ddng chdy, chpn lya bl ling, ydu cdu bl lgc sinh hgc vd bl loai CO2, chp
nudi. Cdc thdng so ve mdi trudng dugc tham khdo d httprZ/www.uni-aqua.coni/1
Quoc An (2008). 2. /. Luu toe ddng chdy Dua ttdn phuomg phdp cua Timmons et al., 2002 dl tinh todn. Tinh todn luu chdy tuin hodn (lit/phit) dl ddm bdo mdi trudng nudi cd tim theo tidu chuin: Nhiftdd:15-25°C
Chit flidi rin TSS: 8 mg/l
Amonia ting sd TAN: 0,8 mg/l
Oxy hda tan (dxy ttong ddng chdy ra khdi bl nudi cd): 6 mg/l
Khi C02: 30 mg/l
Hifu suit cia cdc bl xi ly nhu sau:
Thai chit thdi rdn: 70% (bl ldng vd tting lgc);
Ni to rat hda amonia: 70% (bl lgc sinh hgc- bd lgc cdt);
Thdi CO2: 70% (bl flidi CO2);
Khd ndng si dyng dxy bao hda: 70%; Ham lugng khl bdo hda trong bl nudi dugc tinh todn theo Henry (Colt, 198'! ' *2 Vif N NGHIEN c du NUOI TRONG THUY SAN III - B C=1000 k p X • 760 P = exp [A1+A2 (lOO/T) + A31n(T/100)
PDP= 10'; a= 2,880814-h/19748,2: h Id dp cao (m)
Pwv-Aoe"-"*"" A: Id cdc hdng sd, T la dd K: °C -1-273,15 Nhift dp vd dp cao d vung nudi (so vdi mat biin): 15-18°C, 1500 m. 2.2. Ham lupng O2 Si dung O2 ti binh dxy nguyen chit (100% dxy) dd cung cip O2 thi:
P = e[-58,38-1-85,80(100/291,15)+23,84 In291.15/100]= 0,0318.
PBP= 10^(2,880814-1500/19748,2 ]= 638,0544.
Pwv = Ao e"'""" ^=1,65x 10"' 2,73°'»"" ' ' " • "= 25,60
Vi hdm lugng dxy nguyen chit nen X = 1.
K= 1,42903 Ham lugng dxy bao hoa trong nude se la;
C = 1000 X 1,42903 x 0,0318 x 1 x (638,0544-25,60)/760 = 36,62 mg/Iit. He xu ly
C2 Be ca
c, Trong dieu kifn dxy d nguon nuoc rdi bl ca la 6 mg/l vd 70% oxy bao hoa dugc si j,,,
iJling, lugng dxy con lai ttong be nuoi cho ca su dung la: C2 "^Ci +TE (Cbaohoa - Cl)
= 6 + 0,7(36,62-6,0) = 27,434 mg/lit. . '
Trong dd C2 la ham Iugng mg/l d ddng ra khdi hf xi ly di vao bl nuoi ca, Ci Id ham
lugng mg/l d ddng di ra khoi bl nudi ca sau do di vao he xi ly. TE la hifu suit xi ly (khd
^hang chuydn hda amonia, kha nang loai bd CO2, khd nang tan dung O2 bdo hda). Lugng dxy ca vd vi khuan tidu thu theo lugng thic an cdng nghifp Id: 0,25 kg -^ 0,12 kg = 0,37 kg oxy/kg thuc an. Khdi lugng dxy can cho 200 kg thic an trong ngay: 0,37 kg x 200 x 10^ = 74 x 10^ Ap dvmg cdng thic cua Timmons et al., (2001)_dd tinh luu lugng nude cin dl duy tti .^g/ngdy. Luu Iugng nude can de duy tri ngudng dxy la:
74x10' /(27,434-6)=3452458,71 lit tuang duang khdang 2397 lit/phut.
f-3. Ham lugng CO2
ft;
|Sm lugng CO2 ttong he thong. Ndng dg CO2 ra khdi be xi ly: C2 (ra khdi bd lgc) = C, (vao bl Ipc) +- TE (Cbest - C,)
= 30 -f 0,7 (0,5-30) = 9,35 mg/lit
Hdm lugng C02 thai ra khi ca tieu tin 200 kg thic an la: 183 0,37 kg O2 tidu thy/1 kg fliic dn x 1.375 kg CO2 tao ra/1 kg O2 tidu fliu - 0,50875 kg
thic dn. Tdng lugng CO2 thdi ra trong ngdy khi cd dn 200 kg thic dn Id: 200 kg fliic dn x 0,50875 x 10'= 101.750.000 mg C02/ngdy
Luu lugng ddng chdy cdn Id: Q = 101.750.000/(30-9,35) = 4.927.360 lit/ngdy = 3.421 lit/phut. 2.4. Chit rdn hoa tan ting si TSS (mg/l): C2 = C|-(-TE(Cbest-Cl)
= 8+ 0,75(0-8) = 2 Tong sl chit thdi rdn khi cd dn 200 kg thic an thdi ra Id: 200 kg/ngdy x 0,25 kg TSS/kg tiiic dn x lO' = 50.000.000 mg TSS/ngai
Luu lugng nude cin Id: 50.000.000/(8-2) = 8.333.333 lit/ngdy = 5.787 lit/phit Z 5. Ni ta ting si TAN (mg/l): C2 = Cl + TE (Cbest-Cl) = 0,8 + 0,75(0-0,8) = 0,2 Lugng ni to ting thdi ra khi cd an 200 kg thic an hdm lugng 40% protein Id: 200 X 0,4 X 0,092 kg TAN/kg fliic an x lO' = 7360.000 mg/ngdv. Luu lugng nude cin Id: 7360.000/(0,8-0,2) = 12266667 lit/ngdy = 8515 lit/phut.^ Tham sl moi trirdng
O2
:CC^
TSS
TAN Yeu cau Imi Iugng ddng chdy (lit/phit)
2397
3421
5787
8515 III. CAU TRUC H(: THONG NU6l T U AN HOAN (CHU TRINH KIN) Cdc hang myc chi ydu trong hf thing nudi cd tuin hoan gdm: (1) BI nudi cd (2) Bd tdch lgc vd chia chit thai (3) BI lgc sinh hgc (4) Hd thing tdch CO2, cip dxy (5) Mdy bam cdp nude tudn hodn.
(6) Cdc tiiilt bj khdc nhu: hf fliing ndng nhift, hf flidng ldm mdt, hf tiling kl
bang tia eye tim hodc dzdn, hf thong chieu sdng, thilt bj kiim tta chit lugng nude,
thiet bi nay cd hay khdng sd phy thugc vao ydu ciu cy thd cia nhifm -vu sdn xu5 djt ra. Thi ty bd tti cdc h?ng myc cd thi dugc sdp xip tiieo so dl sau: So dd 1: Hf thing uong cd giing (kich cd cd ti 5-30cm): nguin nude dd du 184 VI|N NGHIEM CflU NUOl TR6NG THAY SAN III - NH/ phi hpp nhu cdu mdi hudng nudi cd dugc cip ti bl chia chdy ty dfng vdo hf thing bl nudi
:d. Biuong cd giing vd nudi giai doan I cd flil tich tu 3-10 m'/bl (tiiy cdng suit thilt kl)
luge ldp ddt ttong nhd dl In nhift, van thdo nude dat d ddy bl dugc nii vdo hf thing Ing
thodt nude vd dan ddn bl lgc ca hpc. Nude sau khi ipc tdch cdc chit thdi rin dugc chuyin qua
bl lgc sinh hgc. Mdy bom dugc si dyng dl bom nude ti bl Ipc sinh hpc qua mdy xi ly
UV/ozone vd binh Ipc flian boat tinh, binh tdch CO2 rii din bl chia dl tidp tuc chu tiinh kin. So do 2: Hf thing nudi cd fliuong phim (cd ti 30cm - kich fliudc fliuong phim 3
kg/con): ngudn nude da dugc xi li phi hgp nhu ciu mdi trudng nudi cd dugc cip ti bl chia
chdy ty dfng vdo hf thing bl nudi cd. Bl nudi xdy bang xi mdng cd dudng kliih 10m, eao
l,6-l,8m, xdy chim dudi dit Im. Ddy bl ldp hf thing thodt nude flidng ra be Ipc ca hpc
(trong lgc) dl tdch chit thdi rin, sau dd nude chdy ra ao xi ly sinh hpc. Ao cd difn rich 1000
in^ dugc ding ldm ao chia, ling vd ldm sach bdng phuang phdp sinh hgc (tting rau thiy canh
tpSn bl mdt); mot gdc ao cd hfc lgc eg hgc ldn vd nude dugc bom ti hgc lgc ldn bl lgc sinh
jipc, tdi bl khi CO2, cip O2 rii tdi bl chia dl tiip tyc chu trinh kin. SN NGHIEN can NUOI TR6NQ miiY SAN HI - NHA TRANG 185 So do 3: Hf thing nudi nude chdy: si dyng ao lot bat hodc ao cd ddy cing dd nudi cd
tim. Nguin nude cip vdo ao ti muong fliiy igi hodc ti dfp chia nude. Nude ti ao nudi chdy
vdo ao chia ldn cd nudi cdc loai cd trayin thing nhu cd me, trim, ttdi, rd phi, chep,... Trong hf
thong nudi ndy, nude thdi gidu dinh duong dugc thdi vdo ao nudi cdc lodi cd truydn flidng, giip
;idng ndng suit sinh hgc ao nudi vd tdng nguin thic dn cho cd. He thong nudi ndy than thifn vdi
mdi trudng vd bin vttng do khep kin chu trinh nudi bing phuang phdp sinh hpc. 1 2 2 2 2. Be Ipc sinh hpc
4. Mdy bcrm
6. Binh tach CO;; binh cap O;
8. Sudng dng thodt nude 1. Be Ipc CO hpc
3. Mdy UV/ozone
5. Bl chia
7. Bl uong
9. Budng ong cip nude 186 VI|N NQHIEN CtfU Na6l TRONQ THAY SAN III - [SIAI SOT do 2: Hf thong nuoi thuong phim tuin hodn kin SOT do 3: Hf thing nudi nude chdy kit hgp nudi cd tim vd ca truyin thing = Ao nu6i ca tam tang sdn Ao nuoi cd tim tang san ' ' Ac nuoi ca
truyen th6ng (r6 phi,
me, troi, trdm, chep) i ^ Ao nuoi ca tam tang sdn = Ao nuoi cA tim tang san 187 pN NOHieti ctfa Nu6i TR6NG TH6Y SAM HI - NHA TRAMG TAM TRONG CHU TRlNH KiN SI
lugng D^c tinh STT Ten h^ng myc Si diiaf
cScairc
T iy chg 1
2
3
4
5 40 X 10 hay 20 X 20 m^
10 x 10= 100 m^
5xl0m^
8 - I 2 m^
20 m' Nhd xirdn^
Difn tich de be nudi cd
Difn tich bl igc sinh hpc
Difn h'ch ddt may lam dxy
Phong dl may ozone
Phdng ldm viec/quan ii
Be cdc lo^i
Be uong cd bdng composite 6 V = 2001, 4001 va 3m' • 20 Be nudi thuang pham
Gieng khoan
Be nude gidng sjch + syc khl 7
8
9
10 Be cip nude
11 Be IQC CO hpc
12 Bl lgc sinh hpc
13 BlkhiCO; V = 50-100m'
Luu luong 30 m'/ngay
SOm'
50 m'
2-4m'
2-3 m'
9 m' Mdy bom cac loai
14 Mdy bom hut nude gidng
15 Mdy bam ndn cho Ipc ca hpc
16 Mdy bom cho bl Igc sinh hpc 3-5 m'/gid
4 -5 ahn
180-360 m'/gid Thiet bjdi kem 17 Mdy sdn xuat dxy
May nen khi
Mdy lanh
Binh chia khdng khi khd
Binh Igc than
Bf hip phy Nito
Binh chia dxy 101x71x120 cm, 320 kg
49x46x83 cm, 46 kg
60x60x201 cm, 140 kg
50x50x140 cm, 50 kg
90x75x225 cm, 370 kg
60x60x201 cm, 140kg
15 m'/gid . Cdc loji 18 Binh tam gidc trf n dxy
19 Bf khuyich tan dxy
20 Van vdi vd ong dan khi
Thilt bj khi trung Tuy chg 21 Mdy lam ozone
22 Hf ddn tia cyc tim 23 Binh Ipc hda hgc luu toe ddng chdy 1,2
mVphut
32,4 m' Tuy chg Thilt bj kiem tra mdi truing Ifl
2 V l j tl NGHlfiN Cfla NQOI T R 6 NG T H AY S AN I I I-4 24 May do dxy
25 MdydocdeydutlNH3,NO3,C02,H2S
Thiet bj kiim tra sinh trutog 26 Cdn difn ti
27 Thudc do Thilt bj cho an ty dong
Bf didu khien 188 1 Q 3.5 Tiy cdng suit may PhSuAhiing dyng thic an vd motor
Hf thong ong cap va thdat nuic
Hf thing cung cap khi
Mdyflilikhi
Mdy phat difn dy phdng
Mdy phdt difn JAMAHA 120 KVA 1 Cdc thiet bj chinh cia hf thing nudi cdng nghifp cd tim dugc md td nhu sau: 1. He thing bl Dd ddp ing cdng sudt nudi 3 tin/vy, sl Iugng bl uong vd nudi thucmg phim ydu ciu tli thiiu nhu sau: BI uong cd gidng: bl composite.
8 b l x 2 0 0 1;
5 bl 4001;
6 bl X 3000 1 (dudng kinh 2 m, cao 1,2 m). BI nudi cd thuong phim Thd tieh bl: 50 hoac 100 m^, hinh ttdn dd igi dyng ddng nude chdy cd hudng li
tam ldm sach thdnh bl
sl lugng: 2 hodc 4 bl 2. Hf thing xi-1^ nirdc tuan hodn If'. Hf thing xi ly nude vd lgc tudn hodn dugc thilt kl gdm Ing din nude thdi ti bl nudi
}^ bl lgc CO hgc dl tdch chit thdi rdn -^ be lgc sinh hpc -> he thing cip O2 vd khi CO2 ->
UV/ozone khi tring -» bmh Ipc hda hpc -> bl chia -> bl nudi. - BI Ipc CO hpc; dl qud trinh ldng cdc chit thdi rin, huyin phi hifu qud, bl hinh hgp
ihu nhft hpde hinh lap phuomg bdng vdt Hfu xi mang, gach djt chim hxmg nin dit phi hgp
^ tiinh thilt kl duy tti ddng chdy ttong bl nhi ban Im/phit (Midlen and Redding, 2000).
jCich thudc ill thilt kl phy thufc vdo luu tie nude tuin hodn vd difn tich thiet difn cdt ngang
jiidng gdc vdi ddng chdy. Hifu suit ldng 70%. Nudi 3.000 kg cd can 30 kg tiiic an cdng
nghifp dang 40% protein (1 % khii lugng than) thdi 7,5 kg TSS, cin difn rich thilt difn ngang
ciabd ling Id 1,2 m^. Bl tdch chit thdi rin hodc ttdng ipc dugc gin liln bl ling dl loai cac
chat thdi rdn kich thudc ldn.
- BI Ipc sinh hgc (khi NH3): thilt bj dl khi amonia tdng sl do ed thdi ra mdi trudng
f
li nudi. Trong hf tiling lgc khi amonia dfc tl dang NH3, NH4 thdnh NO3 (khdng dfc vdi cd)
(iid cdc vi sinh vft. Chgn hf Ipc eg hpc, co chit Id cdt tiid. Nudi 3.000 kg cd cin 30 kg thic
Sji cdng nghifp dang 40% protein (1% khii lugng flian) se cd 1,1 kg amonia ting sl thdi
S/ngdy vd nhu vfy cin flil rich bl lgc it nhit Id 2,3 m'. Gia tiiilt hifu suit lgc Id 0,75 trong
Siu kifn 0,5 kg amonia ting so/kg co chit dugc ni tg rat hda.. 189" ~ - Thidt bj khi CO2: ding dd loai bd CO2 do cd tiidi ra mdi tnrdng bl nudi. Vl co bdn
;
ciu tjo eia fliiit bj khi CO2 Id bl khi chia co chit (media) kit hgp syc khi mjnh. Co chi
"ldi CO2 dua vdo vifc tao ra cdc khodng khdng gian tting (cd khi hoac chan khdng) xen kd
Sifia cdc CO chit trong bi khi, CO2 dang khi sB fliodt khdi mdi ttudng nude di vdo cdc khodng
¥':
te NOHIPN cda NU6I TRONG THUY SAN III • NHA TRANG tting vd thodt ra mdi trudng khdng khi dudi sur h5 ttg cia ddng chdy, mdy tlj(
3.000 kg cd cdn 30 kg thic dn cdng nghifp d^mg 40% protein (1% khii lugng thi
kg CO2 flidi ra/ngdy vd nhu vay cin flil tich bl k hi it nhit Id 9,0 m'. Gid thiit hi
CO2 vdo khdng khl Id 0,75. - Thilt bj khi tring: ddn cyc tim khi vi khuin vd mgt sl tdc nhdn gSy
Nudi 3.000 kg ca bing hf thong nude hiin hodn 100% ciri luu tic ddng chdy 1,2
duy tri mdi trudng. Chgn UV cd khd ndng khi tring d vfn tdc nude ndy. - Thilt bj cung cip dxy: mdy sdn xuit dxy Gazcon cia Dan Mach cd Imi lu m'/h 3. Thiet bi cho an ty dfng Thilt bj Id hf thing gim phiu dvmg thic dn co khe hgp d phin ddy lidn;
thdng ddng md. Hf thing ddng md vfn hdnh bdng rulo guay. Si dyng motor di qi
nhim myc dieh khdng phy thufc vdo ngudn difn (khi mdt nguin difn hf thing vir
dugc). Bd diiu Ichiln ehung dugc lap ttinh sdn khdi lugng thic an vd thdi gian cl
thi thay dii cdc thdng sl trong qud trinh nudi. 4. Hd thing cip, thodt nirdc - Hd thing Injg thodt nude: gim Ing fliodt nude va hf thing muong fliu $oi dua vd bl lgc vd ao Idng ik xi ly. - Hf thing Ing cip nude: gim Ing din nude, hf thing van diiu chinh luu h (xem so dl bl hi hf thing). - Mdy bom: ding 1 mdy bom hit nude giing, 1 mdy bom ndn cho Ipc co hg
bom cho bl Ipc Smh hpc, cdng suit phi hgp vdi dung tich fliiit kl hf thing Ipc vd c - Mdy phdt difn dyr phdng: mdy ed cdng suit ldn du cho chay cdc tiiilt bj khi bj mit difn ludi. 5. Hd thong cung cip kh< - May sdn xuit dxy: dxy nguvdn chit dugc sdn xuit vd ndn vdo cdc bhih ndi
bmh cd hf tiidng van ding hd dl didu chinh lugng O2 cung cdp vdo bl nudi. Hdm
bdo hda ttong nude khi cung cip O2 nguyen chit tinh theo cdng fliic cia Timmon!
36,6 mg/l. - Hf flidng Ing dan khi: gim Ing din chinh vd cdc ong nhd .nil vdi dd bpt • bd nudi. - Da bgt: dl O2 hda fan tit ttong nude, dd bot cd dang one ddi 40cm, mil • = o dudi ddy bl nudi. 6. Hf thing kiem sodt mdi trudng v4 khing che nhift So - May do pH - Mdy do O2 - May do cdc yiu td gim DO, COD, CO2, NH3, NO2, NO3
- Mdy ldm Ijnh khing chi nhift dg. Si dyng cdc loai mdy do cd bdn ttdn flij hirdng, chgn Igai cd df chinh xde ci ' '" vi|N NGHIEN cau Nu6iTRONQ THAY SANni-J 'TAI LI$U THAM KHAO -'• taL^cL^s°AtiZp''r'°" 5 ." ^ "" ^P^™^8 As™'- 0™P=1 i° Muced Breeding of mmani,aips Asian Fishenes Science 17 (2004): 313-322 ^' ^ ^ w " " ! ! "" "?" ^ ° '! •"• ^"^ Eenemiaam, 2007. "Sttirgeon Aquaeulttue - Specialized
^ f "" °^ *^ ''''''"""' ^ 'i Al'^«'= S"™'^^^ Department, Florida
: CoooZtive F«
n w r ^ ' ^ ' ° u , ^ ^ ™ ° '' ''"'""'= ° " ° ° '' ^ 'i Agriculhual Sciences, University of
'"""" '^'^ °"^'"''" '°°'- ^'^" *^ -^^'S ^^^ «"^ « Sr
h W s K e lu '• pSblidi«f 2M'^'*r'es^°*"' '^™'''"™"»"^ management for aquaculture. Kluwer academic ^ ^nni'^""!'' ' ^ ^ ' *™ '^^ ^ " ^ *' °"^''* L-G- Noakes, Tom Rien & Martin Hochleitimer,
20U3. A nomnvasive technique for determinmg sex of live adiflt North American
sturgeons Envuonmental Biology of Fishes 68: 333-338. 5. npodjieuM nponsBOflCTBa HepHoii BKpu.-ww.nft.by OnydjiHKOBaHo: 08/01/2008, B 22 H. 27 MHH. ' 6. Timmons, M.B., J.M. Ebeling, F.W. Wheaton, S.T. Summerfelt, and B.J. Vinci., 2002 Recnoulating aquaculture systems. Cayuga Aqua Venhires, Ifliaca, NY. 7. UNIAQUA: http://www.uni-aqua.com/ 8. US Patent 6291010. "Process for obtaining sturgeon caviar analog,'and product tiius obtained" 4N NGHIEN CflU NUOl TRONQ THUY SAN III - NHA TRAMG 191 flOCIAO Di;c VA DAO I AO
[HUONG BAI HOC NHATKANG C(>.NG llA.A. XA IIQl CHU NCHLA \ I ET N \M
Bpcldp-Ty do - Hanh phuc" Sd: .,ii;/''/2009/QD-DHNT .\%i Trang. nguy ^r tlmij; i: luim 2til)'J Q U Y ET D I NH V/^• giao tig tiii luan van thac si mpi T R i r O NG T R U O NG BAI H OC NHA TRANG Can cu Quyit djnh sd 155/CP ngay 16/8/1966 cua Hdi ddng Chinh phu vl vide
llianh lap va quy djnh nhifm vu, quyin liaii cia Trirdng Thuy san nay la Tnrdng Dai hgc
Nha Triing: Cdn cu Quyit dinli si .153/200j/QD-TTg ngay 30/7/2003 cia Thii iirdng Chinh pliu v/v ban hdnh Bieu le trudng dai hoc; Cdn ci Quyit djnh sd 45/2008/QD-BGD&DT ngay 03/8/200S ciia Bf trudng Bf Giiio due & Dao tao vd vide ban hanh Quy chd dao tao trinh dd thac sT: can ci Quyit dinh sd I 2 0 8 / Q D - B ' H NT ngay 03/12/2007 cua Hieu trudng Tnrdng Dai hoc Nha Trang vl vifc cdng nhan hgc vidn trung tuyen cao hgc nam 2007; Xet dl nghj cua Trudng khoa Nudi trdng Thuy sdn vd Trudng phdng Dao tao Dal iipc - Sau Dai hgc, QUYET B I N H: fliiu 1. Giao cho hgc vidn Bach Trang Dung - ldp Cao hgc Nudi trdng thiy sdn
2007 - dl lai ludn van th^c si: "Nghidn ciVu thanh phin gidng lodi ki sinh triing len cd
Hdi Van {Oncorhynchus mylis) nudi tai Liim Ddng", thudc chuydn nganh: Nudi tidng
thiiy san, md sd: 60 62 70. thdi giaii thirc hien: ti 15/10/2009 din 15/05/2010. Can bd hudng ddn: PGS.TS Dd Thj Hda - Trudng Dai hoc Nha Trang. Diiu 2. Trudng khoa Nudi trdng Thuy san, Tnrdng phdng Ddo tao Dai hgc - Sau
Dai hpc, PGS.TS Dd Tlij Hoa vd hgc vidn Bach Trang Dung chiu trdch nhifm thi hdnh
Quyet dinh nay./. ^ HIEU TRUONG %.%«.%f,yj - Nhu dieu 2;
-LmiVT, DTDll&SDH. FhvlvcA-Mlus6:0I-SC NGAY Kinh g i i: Cyc Sd hihi tri tuf 2 4-01-~2oil I DATE 386 Nguyen Trai, Hd N fi i SO DON Ihu don dudi ddy ydu c iu Cyc Sd httu tti tuf xem xet i APL.No. onvdcap: D Bdng dfc quyen sdng chd H Bdng dfc quyin gidi phdp hiiu ich* Ngay nf p dan quoc te:
Ngay chpn Viet Nam (ndu co): ] Don nay dugc nf p trdn ca si dan PCT so;
mg b6 quoc te so: ngdy; TfcN SANG CHt
THI4T BI CHO CA AN TV'BQNG PHAN LO4I SANG CHE QUOC TE
(chi tiet din chi s6 hang thU- ba) S CHilOON (To chuc, c& nhSn yeu cSu chp Bang d^c quyen s4ng ch^giai ph^p h&u Ich) '§n day dii; Vien Nghien ciu nu6i tring Thdy san ill Ha chi; 33 DSng Tit, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
)i?ntho(i; 058 3831138 Fax; 058 3831846 Email: ts3@dng.vnn.vn ] Chu don ding thii Id tac gia sang che
JNgoiii chu dan khai tai myc nay cdn c6 nhihig chu don khac khai t^ii trang bd sung DAIDIfNCtlACHODO-N D ] li nguoi dai difn theo phdp luft cda chi don
1 IS to chiic djch vu dai difn si hihi cong nghi?p dirge uy quyen oija chCi dctn ] li ngu6i khac dugc uy quydn cua chu don E-mail: thuabmm@dng.vnn.vn '8n ily dil: Vien Nghidn ciiu nudi tring Thiiy san III
>ia chi; 33 Dang TM, Nha Trang, Khinh Hda
)i!ntho?i:0583831138 Fax; 0583831846 Q"e<= * h: Vift Nam •8n d^y du: Nguyin Thi Xuan Thu
liachi; 33 Dang Tit, Nha Trang, Khinh Hda
Fax;
««nlhD,i: 0913462161 Email; thuabmm@dng.vnn.vn iNjoii tic gia khai t»i muc nay con c6 nhihig tic gia khac khai lai ttang bo sung f IllO DON/D*! DI$N CUA C HC DON K* TEN ^^, 4L.- ,, chu don/d^i di§n cua chU don dinh diu "x" vio 6 vu6ng D neu cic thong tin ghi -1- Chil ihlch; Trong trang niy vi cic trang sau,
wcic 6 vuona Ii phU h9p. ® YftU CAU HUdNG QUYEN UV TlftN Ngay nf p don C H I D AN yt DON (CAC
LA C AN cum XAC BINH ""
So don ION)
YUTJ Tit
Nudcn^ X Theo don (cic don) diu tidn nf p tai Vift Nam
D Theo don (cdc don) nf p theo Cong u ic Paris
n Theo thoi thuan khic; CHUYtNDdlDON ^
VtV cAU T H AM DINH NOI DUNG
Q Ydu ciu tham djnh vdi thdi h?n binh thudng
thdng
D YSu ciu tham djnh nhanh, cy the Id 7| D| nghi chuyen th|nh don ding ky sang ch<
ciu cap Bang dgc quyen giii phip hihi ich neu g
khong dap i ng dieu kien ve ttinh df sdng tgo PHI, L$ PHI Sot Lo^i phi, If phi So doi tu^ng tinh phi
.jTd ilnr YCBHdfc lap" • trang JhA . hinh
.didm YCEHdOclgp
.diem YCBHdfc lap •^ Lf phi npp dan
U Le phi nf p don cho bin mo ti ti ttang t hi 6 ttd di
D 14 phi yeu c^u hircmg quyen ini ti6n
Sl Lg phi cong b6 dan
D Lg phi cong bo b6 sung tu hinh thu 2 trcr di
:^ Phi tra ciru phyc yyi tham djnh n6i dung
B-Phi thim djnh nfi dung
D L$ phi chuyen doi don lung tir (trucmg hgp npp qua buu dien ho|c chuyen khoan): TSne s6pM, liphfn^p theo San /d;
S6 Chung tir (t • CAC T AI L I EU CO TRONG DON ' KIEM TRA DANH MVC TAI (Danh cho cdn BQ nh^n dot _ Tcf khai, ^OTS\3. trapg x 2 bSn
Ban mo ta, bSng tieng Vi?t, gom-Airang x 2 ban
Chiing tii phi, le phi ti lieu toi thi^u:2 trang , g6m
trang
, g6m
trang TM lifu khdc:
D Ban torn t^t, bang tiSng
D BSn djch tieng ViSt, gom
D Gi4y uS quyen bang ti^ng
D ban djch tiing Viet, gom
D ban gdc
D ban sao ( D ban goc se nOp sau D hkn goc da nOp theo dem s6: ) ban D Tai lieu chumg minh quyen mi tien
D Ban sao dorn ddu tien, g6m
D Giay chuySn nhucmg quyin iru tiSn (niu thu huang tir ngueri khac) D Tai lieu xac nhan quyin dang ky (niu thy huang tijr ngudi khac)
D Co tai li6u bo tro khai t^ii trang bo sung CAM KET CUA CHU DO"N ^
T6i cam doan m
Khai^^_Nha Trang, ngay 5 thdng 12 ndm 2C '" 1 cua chii dan
I Trte&ng Trang b6 sung so; C.! C HC DON K H AC '' (NgoSi chi dem thtr nhdt da khai t^i trang dau tien) jday du: Nguyin Thj Xuin Thu Ichl; 33 Djng Tat, Nha Trang, Khinh Hoa jnthoai: 0913462161 Fax: 0438454319 Email; thuabmm@dng.vnn.vn . ;:hu don nay dong thai li tic gii sing ch^/giai phap hihi ich ] Co yeu cau cip Phd bin bing dfc quySn sang che/giai phip httu ich $ TAC GIA KHAC (Ngoai tac gii thii nhat da khai tai trang dSu tign) Quoc tich; Viet Nam Fen day du; Dinh Chi Thinh Dja chi; 10/22, Nguyin Thifn Thuft, Nha Trang, Khinh Hoa 3i?nth0!li; 0583831138 Fax; Email; CAC TAI LIEU KHAC (Khai chi Hit tirng hgi lai lieu: ten, sd trang..) ® CIlC DON/DAI DIEN C CA CHU DON K* TEN , , Td KHAI DANG KY , ^.
(Kem theo Thong tu so 01/2007/TT-BKHCN ngay 14 thang 2 nam 2007 cija Bo Khoa hoc va Cong nghe) JPhil luc A - Miu si: 01-SC I Kinh gii: Cue So hiu tri tuf NGAY I
DATE „
2 ** -3t- 201t 386 Nguyen Trai, Ha Nfi i„liu dim ducri day yeu cdu Cue So hiiu tri tue xem xet I SO DON
I A.°L.Mc,. don va cap: 11 Bang dfc quySn sang chS [2yBdng doc quySn giai phap hihi ich* D Don nay dugc nf p tren ca si dan PCT s6; Ngiy nop don qu6c te; - Cm% bo quoc tl so; ngdy: Ngiy chpn Vift Nam (neu co); ®
TEN S A NG CHE
Qiiy Trinh cang Nghj Nuoi Ca Tim Trong H$ ThSng Khep Kin Tuan PHAN LO*I SANG CH6 QU6C TE
(chi tiet dfin chi s6 hang thu ba) *' CHU BON
(T6 chllrc, ca nhin yeu ciu c^p B5ng d^c quyin sdng che/giai phdp h&u ich) Fax; 0583831846 Email; ntxthuria3@yahoo.com Ten diy dii; VIEN NGHIEN CtTU NUOI TRONG THUY S AN III
Dja chi; 33 Ding Tat, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
fiiSntho?!; 058.3831138
D Chii don d6ng thai la tic gii sing chi S Ngoai chi don khai tai muc nay con co nhiing chCl don Ichic khai tai trang b6 sung DAI DI$N COA CHU BON ® li nguii dai dien theo phip luit ciia chu don H la to chuc djch vy dai dien si hiu cong nghiep du'gc uy quyen cua chii don
D la nguoi khic dugc uy quyin ciia chu dan
TSn day dCi; Vien Nghien c iu nuoi trong thiiy sin III
Dja chi: 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang, Khinh Hoa
Di^nthoai; 058.3831138 Fax; 058.3831846 E-mail; ts3@dng.vnn.vn Quoc tich; Viet Nam Email; ntxthuria3@yahoo.com Tto diy du; Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu
Dja chi: 33 Dfng Tat, Nha Trang, Khinh Hoa
Bi|nthoai;09I3462I61 Fax: ;oai tic gii khai tai myc niy con co nhiing tic gia khic khai tai trang bo sung ' CHU BONIBj^l DI$N C(lA CHU DON KY TEN iv^ujf£^i. y^-^^^T^ Chii thich: Trong trang niy \h cdc trang sau, chii don/d^i difn cua chii don danh ddu "x" vao 6 vuong D neu cic thfing tii]
aUcacfiviiAnDlinhi'jhcm. - 1- ' YEU CAU HU"6iNG Q U Y £N UtJ TIEN CHI DAN Vfe ©ON (CAC BOfi)
LA CAN CLf BJ: XAC DINH NGAY UTJ TIE
Nude ng
Ngay nOp don
So dem X Theo dan (cac don) dau tien nop tsii Viet Nam
D Theo don (cac don) npp theo Cong uac Paris
D Theo thoa thuan khac: CHUYfeN D 6 I D ON © Y £U CAU THAM DINH N OI DUNG
^ Yeu c5u tham djnh vcri thai han binh thuong
thang
D Yeu cSu thSm dinh nhanh, cy th6 la )d D4 nghi chuy6n thgnh don dang k^ sang ch6
:au cap Bang doc, quyen g^ai phap nCru I'ch neu gii
khong dap u:ng dieu kien ve tnnh do sang tao PHJ, LE PHJ Loai phi, If phi ~sFTi So doi tirtfng tinh phi
.•,Adi"6m" YCBH doc lap' . trang . hinh
• diem YCBH dgc Igp
.diem YCBH dgc 1 D Le phi npp don
D Le phi npp don cho ban mo ta tur trang thu: 6 trg di
D L? phi yeu cau huang quyen uu tien
D Le phi cong b6 don
Q_L| phi cong b6 b6 sung tir hinh thu 2 trd dl
• Phi tra curu phuc vu tham dinh npi dung
D Phi tham djnh npi dung
D Le phi chuy6n doj dan Tj^ng sdphf, iephinPp theo Son la:
So chimg tir (tru-ong hgp npp qua buu dien hoSc chuyen khoan): CAC TAI LI$U C6 TRONG DON KIEM TRA DANH MVC TAI (Danh cho can bQ nhgn dm. Ta khai, ^6n\d trapg x 2 ban ,
Bdn mo ta, bang tieng Vi?t, gom^A-trang x 2 ban
Chung tur phi, le phi ti li$u toi thifu:,- trang Tdi li$u khdc:
D Ban torn tat, bSng tiSng
D Ban dieh tieng Viet, g6m
n Giay uy quySn b5ngti6ng , g6m
trang
, g6m
trang D ban djch tieng Viet, gom
D ban goc
D ban sao ( D ban goc sB nop sau Cin bp nhSn
(kyvcighifrohi ) D bdn goc da ngp theo dem s6: ban n Tai lieu ehung minh quy6n uu tien
n Ban sao dan ddu tien, g6m
D Giiy chuyen nhugng quySn uu tien (nSu thu huang tur ngirai khac) D Tai lieu xac nhan quy§n dang k^ (niu thu hudng tCr ngudi khac)
D Co tai lieu bo trg khai tai trang bo sung CAM KET CUA CH(l DON ^
Toi caiii doan mpi thong tin trong tcr khai tren day la trang thirc, diing su that va hoin toan chiu trichl
trirac phap Iuat. "rang, ngay 5 thang 12 nam 20. ciia chii don -.,~ .Mn Truing NGHIEN r" TR6NO, S°\THIJySANI Phu luc A - Mau so: 01-SC (tiep iheo) Trang b6 sung so: C[ CHU DCfN KHAC
(Ngo^i chij don thij nhit dS khai tai trang dau tien) W
I Ten diy dii: Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu Dja chi: 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Di?nlhoai: 0913462161 Fax; 0438454319 Email: thuabmm@dng.vnn.vn 0 Chii don nay dong thai la tac gia sing chl/giai phap hihi ich D Co yeu cau cap Pho ban bing doc quySn sang che/giai phap hQ-u ich ® TAC GIA KHAC (Ngoai tac gia thOr nhit da khai tai trang diu tien) Ten iky du: Nguyen Viet Thiiy Quoc tich: Viet Nam Fax: Email: thuy0032000(gyahoo,com Bia chi: 14 Ly Nam DS, Phuang 8, Da Lat
Bien ihoai; 0918525744
® CAC TAI LIEU KHAC (Ktiai chi tiet lung toai tat liew fen, so trang ) f CHU DON/DAI DIEN CUA CHU DON KY TEN /mft mdy lim lanh khdng khl di I09I tri df im vi hfp Igc cd than ho^ tinh di hip
phy hit diu md cdn sdt 1^ dugc thiit ki di igc khdng khl tiudc khi dua qua bf IQC
zeolite.
Cdng nghf sin xuit dxy bing phutmg ph^ IQC sd dyng Zeolite hifn nay di
dugrc phit tri^ nhu phttong phip hit chin khdng sau hfp IQC ggi li Vaaam
Swing Adsorption (VSA) vi ci hit lln dqr Pressure and Vacuum Swing
Adsorption (PVSA). Nhiing phuong ph^ niy cho hifu suit cao va cdng suit ldn
hon rit nhiiu lin phuong phip PSA. Tuy nhiin, trong nghi nudi thuy sin hifn nay
ngudi ta vin si dyng miy tfo dxy theo phuong phip PSA vi gii fliinh te, kit du
don giin phi hgrp vdi khi ning diu tu cua nhi sin xuit
13 Thiit b/ h^ thSng cung dp 6xy thao phuang phip PSA
Hf thing cung dp dxy flieo phuong phip PSA sf cd nhtlng thiit bj sau d^:
1. Miy ndn khdng khi (cd thi ch^y difn hofc diizen)
2. Miy lim Itmh di khi df im
3. Bf IQC khdng khl bao gdm bf IQC by! (tiSrl din 4 dp).
4. Binh chia khdng khi sau khi IQC.
5. Bd Igc zeolite (hay miy lim dxy).
6. Bhih chia d:Qr fliuin khiit.
So dd nguyin ly hf thdng cung c^ dxy flieo phucmg phip PSA dugc thi
hifn flieo hinh 1. So dd khdi cia hf thdng niy duQC flii hi^ d Unh 2.
M«|ii
FSrf TTTrTf J B O SU TT-TT-ff
1.3 Thiit Are va each lip
Cin ci vio gii ci vi yiu du cy thi ciia Vift Nam ching tdi lya chgn fliiit
b) cia nhi sin xuit Oxair Gas System Pty Ltd ciia Australia. Chi tiit kich thudc
thih ning vi yiu ciu lip (^ cia ting fliiit b) dUQC trinh biy d bing dudi diy:
Btaih
chia
Iditiig
khi
CTIOO
2,8
m'/phit
Ipbui
0,001
ppmdiu
Phinthir2 Thilt kl CM thi
Nhi sin xuit da chi t^o cic don nguyin theo hinh try ding nen giam tdi da
. difn tich khdng gian mi thiit bj chiim giii (hinh 3). Thim vio dd cic don nguyin
niy liin kit vdi nhau bing hf flidng dng din khi nin cd thi tuy y sip xip liin tyc
theo dudng thing ho$c theo khdng gian cy thi ncri lip miy.
Bing diiu khiin vi bf phfii ty dfng chuyin m^h chd yiu d$i t^ miy lim
dxy. Miy nin khi vi miy Il«nh lim khd khdng khi ho^t dfng theo chi df tv dfog
d$t tft cac don nguyin riing ri niy.
Khong khi
divao
Miy nin
khdngkU
Hfpifc ^
lliaahoft "™J8
Binh chia
IdUixy
Miy
IfnklAi
horiniriie
tfnh
^^
Bf Igc zeolite
(iuwrniylim
"^ ^^
Phin thip 3 Hvvng din lip d^t
1. Hf flidng cin d$t trong nhi cd nin cao rio thoing gid. Cic dom nguyin
yiu ciu dft eich xa tudng 0,3 m. Nin nhi dd bi tdng phing dim bio cho miy nin
vi miy l^nh chay khdng rung gift.
2. Thiit ki dng xi khi nito ra bin ngoii phdng d|t miy.
3. Noi liy khdng khl vio cin thoing ding, khdng cd by! bin. Niu cd thi
thiit ki riing dudng dng liy khdng Idii phia tiin gin trin nhi di trinh byi bin.
4. Noi liy dxy ra cin si dyng cic dng kin, gin noi si dyng.
3. l ip dft thiit bj phdng chiy vi chOa chiy theo yiu ciu cia nhi sin xuit
6. Cic thiit bi difn diu si dyi^ ciu dao ty dfng ding tiiu chuin
Phin thir 4 Nhu>ng diiu cin chQ y trong qui trinh
v|n hanh
1. Kiim tra thudng xuyin cic van an toin trong qui trinh ch^y miy.
2. Kiim tra hing ngiy ndng df dxy diu ra xem cd phi hgp vdi tiiu chuin
khdng. Sin lugmg dxy cd ding vdi fluit ki khing.
3. Djnh ky thay thi bd Igc than khi hit thdi gian si dyng di dim bio tudi
thg cia bf Igc zeolite.
4. Xi nude d bd phfn Igc nude (trudng hgrp miy khdng cd bf ty dfng xi).
5. Khdng ty dfng thio lip nhiing bd phin cia cic don nguyin.
6. Nin miui thim miy do ndng df dxy di kiim tra chit lugng diu ra.
<%
&
BAO CAO CHUYEN DE
Ngueri thuc hifn: KS. NgnySn VTnh Trnng
Theo hgp ding i&:
03/2008/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-10
Ngiy 1/07/2008
THUOC B £ T AI
Nghiin ciuctng nghf, hf thing thiit b| ding bf nuf i cic dii tugng thu^ tin ei gii
tii kinh ti aiKnirtc nggt, l{r mfn)
M A S 6: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Tnmg, 10/2008
BO N 6 NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRifiN N6NG T H 6N
Ngudi thi^ hifn: KS. Nguyin Vinh Trung
Theo hgp ding si:
03/2008/HD-DT KC.07.15/06-1D
Ngiy 1/07/2008
THUOC BE TAI
Nghi£n ciucSng nghf, hf thing thiit bj ding bf nudi cic dii tnyng thuf sin ci gii
tri hinh ti cao(niiit nggt, Ig mfn)
MAS6: KC.07.15/06-10
Nha Trang, 10/2008
IHUYfiT MINH BAN THlfiT KE BO K H U 6N SAN XUAT
LONG NU6l BAO NGir
L Ldng nudi bio ngu
1 - C^ cin cd di hinh thinh kiiu ding, kich fliudc ldng nudi:
-Mvic dieh: ding di nudi thuong phim bio ngu
-Mdi trudng nudi: Nude biin
-Didu kifn nudi: Thi nghifm nudi bio ngu trong bi xi ming vi nudi ldng treo
: Nhya PE ti trgng cao- PEHD
: miu den, bdng md
- YSu ciu phi hop dfc tinh sinh hgc cia bio ngu: cd chd cu tri vi fliufn Igri cho
vifc di chuyin, kiim mdi, ldng nudi phii dim bio cic yiu td di bio ngu smh
trudng vi phit triin.
-YSu ciu fliufn tifn cho ngudi sd dyng: dS ding trong kiim tra, vf sinh, vi chim
sdc cung dp flidc in.
-Ldng nudi dim bio cic tiiu chi: dom giin, de sd dyng, tiit kifm chi phi sin xuit.
2-Thiit ke kiiu ding Idng
a- Vft lifu ding di sin xuit cic Idng nudi
b- Miu sic
c- Hfaih ding kich thudc ldng cha nhf t:
: dai dOOmm x rf ng 400mm x cao I Khnm
4,5 mm
1,2kg
88 Id 010mm (t^i mit diy, mft
-Kich thudc
-Df diy bimg bhih cua sin phim
-Trgng Iugng sin phim
-L3 thoat nude, thdng khi
hdng ddi difn vdi cia thSm)
: cao 70mm x 12(hiun
-Cia cho thic in, vf smh
-Di tang difn tich mit bim cho vft nudi dn thiit ki tiiim cic tim vich
ngin cd djnh vudng gdc vdi mft diy di dim bio d§ kiim tra, vf smh, vi
syc khi. Sd Iugng tim ngin 90nnmx 90mm: 7tim
-Chin di t^i bin gdc ldng via lim di via cd tic dyng djnh vj cic ldng
khdng bj xd If ch khi chdng cic ldng lin vdi nhau.
-Lofu ldng chti nhft dugc thiit ki di nudi thd nghifm bio ngu trong bi
ximing nhim nghiin cdu vi diiu chinh di dua ra duQc cic dieu kifn nudi
hgp ly vi hifu qui nhit.
d- Hhih ding kich thudc ldng bdn:
-Kich fliudc
-Df
Dudng kinh 0IOmm
4,3 mm
0,8gkg
2213 010mm (t^i mft diy cia ldng)
^
t
H H
'
L = ^-
BQ NdNG NGHIEP VA P H AT TRigN NdNG THdN
VliN NGHIEN arU NUOl TRONG THUt SAN III
BAD GAG CHUYgN D£
Nghien ctru thilt kk cac loai be nuoi va hf th^ng cap thoat nude
cho nudi ca hdi, ca tim
Ngirdi thyc hifn: 1. KS. Nguyin Vin Nam
2. Th.S. Phan Ding Hing
Theo hgrp ding si:
10/200B/HB-DT KC.07,15/06-10
Ngiy 01/07/2008
Nghiin cdu cdng nghf, hf thdng thiit bi ddng bf nudi cic dii tirgmg thuy sin
c6 gii trj kinh ti cao(nirdc nggt, Igr mf n)
Nha Trang, thing 4/2009
BQ NdNG NGHIf P VA PNAT TRiiN NdNG THdN
VI^N NGHIEN am NUOl TRONG THUt SAN ill
BAG CAG CHUYiN Ot
NghiSn Clhi thiet ke cac Igai bi nuoi vk h$ thdng cap thdat nirdc
cho nudi ca hdi, ca tam
Ngu^i thy<: hifn: 1. KS. NguySn Vin Nam
2. Th.S. Phan Oing Hing
Theo hgrp ddng s6:
10/2008/HD-BT KC.07.15/06-10
Ngiy 01/07/2008
NghtOn cdu cdng nghf, hf thdng thiit bj ddng bf nudi cic ddi tuvng thuy sin
cd gii trj kinh ti cao{nir(K nggt, igr mf n)
Nha Trang, thing 4/2009
BQ NdNG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRI^N NdNG THdN
Nghidn eim thiet ke cac Igai be nudi va hf thdng cip thdat nvdc
cho nudi ca hoi, ca tam
Mddl^u
v
1/
Vn-A;™.
~\—r
4 ^^
\
m
in the Ncrlli Central Region"; Extension Bulletin. North
''' Cam and Garling (1993) - TroM Qdtwe
Certird Regional Aquaculture Center, U.S.D.A. Fact Sheet Series U108. 8pages
^' Brannon and Klontz (1989) - "The Idaho trout industry"; the Northwest Environmental Journal 5; 25 -
35.
^^Jlffrey M. Hilshaw, Gary Fornshell, Ron Kinnunen (2004) - "A profile qfihe Aquaculture of trout In the
United States "published by the USDA Rish Management Agency, Missisippi State University, April 2004.
Edwards, D.J. 1978. Salmon and trout farming inNorv/ay. Fish News Books, Ltd, Farnham, Surrey,
Engl, 195p.
^Ibrahim Okumus (2002) — "Rainbow trout ijrood slock management and seed production in Turkey;
Present praclics. Constraint tmd the Future"; Twktshjoumal of Fisheries and aquatic science 2; 41 - 56
VlfiN NGHlfeN Ctru NUOl TRONG THUt SAN HI
Tfn di tii: Nghien ciu cong nghf, hf thong thiet bj ding bg nuii cie dii tugng thuy
sin cd gii tr; kinh te eao (nude nggt, Ig, mf n)
Masiditii: KC.07.15/06-10
Nghign Cmi Thi^t Ki va Thuyit Minh Hf Th6ng Nu6i va Cac
Thiit Bi, Dyng Cy Nu6i Bao Ngu-
Chu nhifm de tai/dy in: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu
Ngudi chu tri Oufc hifn ehnyfn di: TS. Ph?m Hung Thing
Thugc CO quan/don vi: Tnidng D?i Hgc Nha Tiang
Nha Trang, 10/2008
I.. Quy trinh lip rap.
Cym tich-Igc.
d, Quy trinh sur dyng vi sua chiia:
Quy trinh si dyng.
Bao quan vi sua chira.
Hiring dan sur dyng.
2. T h i et bj sue k h i.
a, Quy trinh si dung bom chuyen nude chuyen dyng.
Chuin hi:
• Kiim tra ngudn dien 2 pha dam bao an toin. Dong dien phii dam bio dung
b, Xay dyng quy trinh bio dudng dieu chinh barm chuyen nirdc chuyen dyng.
c, Hu hdng thudng gap vi phutmg phip sua chira.
I-
*.
--
1
9/////////////////
BO NdNG NGBI|P V A ^ H AT jiaftN I«t&NG THdN
VltN NGHiftN CDtJ NUdl TRttNti THUt SAN m
BAO CAO CHUYEN
ttt
n. Phuorng phap nghien ciru
IU. K^t qua nghien cuu
3.1. So dl t§ng thi he thing nudi tuan hoan
Im' (Hinh 1.). Ngoii ra ttong he thdng nudi cdn ed mgt he thdng cin true ding
&
TT
O2-
IV. Thao lu|n
IV. Ket luan va kien nghj
V. Tai lieu tham khao
BO N 6 NG NGHEfP VA PHAT TRIAN NONG T H 6N
Vif N N G H I £N Cttf NUOI TRONG THUY SAN HI
Ten di tai: NghiSn cihi cdng nghf, hf th6ng thilt bj ddng bf nuoi cac
doi tiifrng thuy sin cd gia trj kinh tl cao (nude nggt, Ig, m^)
M& s6 dl tai: KC.07.15/06-10
BAO CAO CHUYEN Bt
NGHlfiN C(fU BfNH CA TAM, CA H 6I
Chi nhifm dl tii: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj XuSn Thu
Ngodi t h^ hifn chuySn dl: TS. Vo Thi Dung
Vifn NghiSn ciiru Nudi trong Thiy sin HI
Nha Trang 10/2008
BQ N 6 NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRifiN NONG T H 6N
V1$N NGHlfiN c u t; NUdi T R 6 NG THUt S AN HI
"Thilt ki hf thing cung cip igc \k xd ly nudrc phyc vy cho hf thing
nu6i c& tam cdng nghifp chu trinh kin"
Lfc c^
Glsng Mioan
hay ngu5n
RU^CSfCh o-
F
Ti=Tr TRrn'
\'L.
i ^l
%,
,
4 1
.1.. -
si
lugmg
Tai li^u tham Idiao
BAO CAO CHUYEN BE
TSn dl tai: NghiSn cin cong nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nuii cac
doi tugmg thuy sin cd gi^ trj kinh tl cao (nirdc nggt, Ig, mf n)
Ma so de tai: KC.07.15/06-10
NGHI£N c u ll B$NH CA TAM, CA H 6I
Chn nhifm dl tai: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu
Ngudi Oufc hifn chuySn dl: TS. V6 Thi Ddng
Vifn Nghien ciu Nuii tring Thuy san m
Nha Trang 10/2008
Myc Lye
LMdsAu
Miu ci nghidn ciu
X
1
Giii phiu tim KST nfi k^ smh
I
' '
Tieu b&nc6 dinh
' '
T
Chyp inh, vd, do kich thudc, dem KST
2.2.1. Phmrag phap n^iSn cAu thinh phan
,.
Thi phin ing smh hda
i
Nhufmgram
4
sii
chiing:
Nude
khdng qua
lgctuan
3.1.1.2. Thanh phan ky smh trung k^ sinh trSn ea hii nudi tai LSm Dong
Bf
:
3.1.13. B§c diem phin loyi, muc df nhilm vi nori ky sunh cua eic loai kf smh
tring di phit hifn trSn ci Hoi van nudi t^i Lim Ding:
a/. Loii Trichodina acuta
'«
12
3.1.2. Kit qui nghiSn cim ^y sinh trung k^ sinh
trSn ca tim nuii tyi Lam Song
3.1.2.1.Thu mSu
3.1.2.2. Ket qui nghlSn ciu ^sj smh trung trSn ci tim
it
20
Xay dyng mo Iiinh nuoi ca li^i van cong nglii^p
Mi si dl tii: KC.07.1S/D6-10
Xay dyng mo liinh nuoi ca hoi van cong ngliiep
Tin dl tiu NghiSn ciu cSng nghf, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nuoi cic dii tirgmg thuy
san cd gii tri kinh t& cao (nude nggt, Ig, mfn)
Mi si dl tii: KC.07.1S/06-10
B AO CAO CHUYEN Bt
XSy dyng mo Iiinh nuoi ca bhi vSn cSng ngliif p
Chi nhifm dl tiu PCS. TS. Nguyin Thi Xuin Thu
Ngudi thyc hifn chuySn dl: Nguyin Viit Thiy
Vifn NghiSn ciu Nudi tring Thiy sin HI
Nha Trang 11/2010
/ •-
X*
1
^
m
BO N 6 NG NGHIfP VA P H AT TRIEN N O NG T H ON
VlfiN NGHIEN c t iu NUOl T R O NG THUY S AN HI
TSn dl tai: NghiSn e iu cing nghe, hf thing thilt bj ding bf nuoi cic doi tugmg thu^
san cd gia trj kinh te cao (nude ngot, Ig, man)
M i s i d l t i i: KC.07.15/06-10
Chi nhifm dl tii/du an: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thj Xuan Thu
Ngudi chu tri thuc hifn chuySn de: Ths. LS Trung Ky
Thufc eo quan/don vj: Vifn NghiSn Cuu Nudi Trong Thuy San III
Nhihig ngudi phii hgp thyc hifn:
LKS.Lg Hoing Hai
2. KTV. Nguyin Van Nham
3. KTV. Nguyin Van Uin
Nha Trang, 2010
V. TM lifu tham khio
[1] Gordon, H. R. & Cook, P. World abalone supply, markets and priemg: historical,
VI$N NGHliN CtfU NU6l TRONG THtJY SAN HI
TSn dl tii: NghUn cim cdng nghf, hf th6ng thilt bj ding bf nudi cic
flii tofrng thdy sin c6 gii trj kinh tl cao (nnirc nggt, I7, m$n)
Mi si dl tii: KC.07.1S/06-10
BAO CAO CHUYfiN Dfe
NGHltN CtitJ Mtrc BO 6 NHIEM CHAT THAI RAN VA CHAT THAI
Htru CO Ttr c Ac H$ THONG NUOI VA BifN PHAP Xti" Li
Chfl nhifm dl tii: TS. Nguyin Thj Xuin Thu
NguM thyc hifn chuySn dl: Nguyin Tr^ng L^
Vifn NghiSn cdn Nudi tring Thfiy sin m
Nha Trang 09/2011)
Tin de til: NghiSn cim cing nghf, hf thing thiit hi ding bf nudi cic
il tuvng thiiy san c6 gii tri kinh tl cao (nudrc nggt, Igr, myn)
Mi si dl tii: KC.07.15/06-10
Chfl nhifm dl tii: TS. Nguyin Thj Xuin Thu
Ngudrl thyc hifn chuySn dl: Nguyin Trgng Lye
Vifn NghiSn ciu NuSi tring Thfiy sin IH
Nha Trang 09/2010
. 1. Chat thii rin vi hiia eo trong hf thing nudi edng nghifp ea hii
-•-rakhUbicj
*
^ e- *
•<' *
s*
•i*' •.* **
- i^ •# -^ •^
-^
Ngiy nuAlmA hinh
e
NgiynuAlmA hinli
VISN NGHI£N CtitJ NU6l TRONG THUt SAN HI
Bt TAI "NGHliN CCU C6NG NGHE, H? TH6NG THitT B| D6NG BO NU6I CAC
D6I TUgnvG THU* SAN C6 GIA TRI KINH T6 CAO"
Mi si dl tai: KC.07.1S/06-10
1. BAI B AO K H OA HQC DANG TAP CHI, TUYEN TAP
TRONG Nirdc VA QUOC TE
2. KfiT QUA THAM GIA D AO T ^O SAU D^I HQC
3. D A NG Ki GlAl P H AP HUtJ iCH
Nha Trang, 12/2010
WeiBhl, I
Length, cm
Group
Control
7.9 = 1.33
3.1-13.7
Variant i
1U.9±0.95
6.0-15.1
variant M
S.l=:0.47
6.2-10.0
9.3 ±0.29
7.3-10,2
8.8 = 0.33
7.5-lO.S
9.1 r 1.09
4.7-17.1
'
pig. 5. Anomalies in the structure of ovaries at maiuiity stage Miin iv^'o-year-old rainbow iroui Oncorhynchus myklu; (a) gonad
•. deTormaiion; ^) oocytes v^ilti a flctuous outline; (c) resorbing large oocvic and rcmainsofdesinincdsmaJl oocyies; (d) dark
;, • inchisions {/) in the cytoplasm ofoocvie ofthe period ol'picmcllogcnesis, (J) vacuolization of gonad stroma; (e) karvopicnosis.
'^\ Magnification: (b) ocular xlfl, objective x5; (c) ocular y 10, objcciive xl 0; (d, e) ocular x 10, objective x20.
30.
^of ""w*J
V
APN
ROGRAMME OF THE INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE
1
!
Or
14-16"C
IM4"C
0.0493'
0.0496'
^
*
r s -
* ^^
Limit deforestation, burning waste products, waste treatment, sanitation focus and develop
die use of clean fiieL
baplement a campaign of education information, advocacy to raise awareness about
climate change to mobilize all residential city working for tiie target reduction Minimum aiid
adapt to Oiniate Change, to ensure sustainable development.
Planting mangroves to protect the coast and the system dikes to avoid erosion by tides and
protect lands along rivers.
THE IMPACT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE FERFOKMANCE
OF RAINBOW TROUT (OATCOJHWCffKSAfl/jaSS) CULTURED
IN FLOWING WATER SYSTEM IN LAM DONG PROVINCE
Nguyen Viet Thig^, Tnm Van Tiaf, Mai Huy mnh', Ngtaen Thi Xuan Thu'
' Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 3, Nhatrang, Vietnam
' Ministry ofAgriailture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
e-mail: rmnhnuiiduy@yahoo.com
Jntroiucdon
Rainbow trout {Oncorhynchus myhs) are one of the economically important species,
introduced to Vietnam and their culture has been carded out in several places such as Lai Chau and
Lam Dong province. Hiese places have environmental conditions similar to lliose in tenqiezate areas
where native fish occurs. Because they are new, infonnation on suitable stocking densities for a
given stage particularly in Vietnam condition is of interest There are wide discrepancies in stocking
densities recommended for rainbow trout Rainbow trout should be maintained at 30-40 k^m^ for
getting good wel&re (Anon et al., 1996). According to North et al. (2006b), m water flawing
system, Ihey should be cultured at less dian SO kg/in^ Additionally, in wato- recirculation system,
&ey can be grown out at 80 kgftn' (Norfli et al, 2a06a) or hi^ier (Lefiancois et aL, 2001).
However, being cultured at high densities as 80 kg/m^ the fish are likely to be injured like erosion
causing reduction in growth and survival (North et aL, 20068). The stocking density suitable fas a
species depends on water quality management activities as well as inter-specific competition among
fish in a group (AlanSrS, BrannSs, 1996; Boujard et al., 2002; Ellis et aL, 2002). We asked the
question what stocking doisity is reasonable fin* rainbow trout cultured in Lam Dong province,
Vietnam.
I l is paper was to identify the suitable stocking densities for cultormg rainbow trout with
initial average size of 100 g/ind. for completion of technology for growing out in water
recirculation system, apart ofthe project "Research on Technology, Equipment Assembly for
Culture of Economically Important Species" No KC.07.15/06-10.
- 1 3 3-
- ^ 8 0 t n d J m3
120 indJita
SS"
1
_^^(r
y"^^"^
^;
Nv
N
1 »
t
5 75
•
^^
Conclusions
In the culture system where the water environmental parameters are maintained over critical
level, flie density (ind/m' and kg/m') still have effects on rainbow hout pei&roiance. For growing
out fish wifli initial average weight of approximately 100 up to 1000 g, flie initial stocking density
should be approximately 100 utd/m' and the densities should be maintained less than 70 kg/in'.
The cultuiists should be aware of lowering densities (kg/m') and mcrease inflow rates of
water to avoid erosion in fish.
Acfcnmvle^ments
The
idy was supported by flie national project No. KC.07/06-10.
References
Abbott J.C, Dill L.M. 1985. Patterns of aggressive attack in juvenile steelhead trout Salmo
airdneri II Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. V. 42. P. 1702-1706.
Alandrd A., Brdnnas E. 1996. Dominance in demand-feeding behaviour in Arctic charr and rainbow
trout: the effect of stocking daisity // Journal of Fish Biology. V. 48. P. 242-254.
Anon. 1996. Report on the Wel&re of Farmed Fish. Farm Animal Wel&re Council, Smbiton. 88 p.
Bi^ley MJ., Benlley B., Gall QA.E. 1994. A genetic evaluation of the mfluence of stockmg
density on die early growth of rainbow tixiut {Oncorl^nchus mykiss) II Aquaculture. -V. 121.
P. 313-326.
Bosakowski T., Wagner E.J., 1994. Assessment of fin erosion by comparison ofthe relative fin
length in hatchery and wild brown trout in Utah // Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences. V. 51. P. 636-641.
Boujard T., Labbi L., Aiqidrin B. 2002. Feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and growth of
rainbow trout in relation to stocking density and food accessibility // Aquaculture Research.
V. 33. P. 1233-1242.
Ellis T., North B.. Scot A.P., Branmge NJL, Porter M, Oadd, D. 2002. The relationships between
stocking density and welftre m farmed rambow Irout // Journal of Fish Biology. -V. 61.
P. 493-531.
Good C, Davidson J., Welsh C, Brazil B., Snekvik K.. Steven P. 2009. The nnpact of water
exchange rate on the health and performance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in
water redrculation aquaculture systems // Aquacultiire. V. 294. P. 80-85.
Jobling M 1995. Simple indices for the assessment of the influences of social environment on
growdi performance, exen)5)lified by studies on An:tic charr // Aquaculture Intemational.
V. 3. P. 60-65.
Lefrancois C, Claireaux G., Mercier C.e, Aubin J. 2001. Effect of density on the routine meta
bolic expenditure of firmed rambow tiralt Oncorhynchus mykiss 1/ Aquaculture. V. 195.
v if N NQHIEN cila NUfll T R O MQ T H OY SAN III - NHA TRAB!
in. N H P NG VAN Bt T 6N T.^1 VA HirdNG GiAi Q U Y AT
I
pH
t °C
NHj
(mgfl)
BOD
(mtID
DO
(melt)
- Lira luQrng
',
(m'lalt)
0,023
NOj
. (mim
0,000
2,06
5,15
18,5
200
0,
8,1
t°C
pH
NO2
(mg/l)
0,000
0,000
NH3
(mg/l)
0,023
0,057
Ngudn cap
H ll
Hi 2
POj
(mi/i.
0,110
0,16S
0,181
7,7
7,7
7,7
BOO
(mg/l)
2,30
2,78
2,45
DO
(mg/I)
5,02
4,76
4,21
0,000
0,127
0,184
2,08
21,1
21,3
20,5
20,4
20,3
0,000
0,000
0,167
0,173
0,000
0,19C
0,20!
0,22;
4,15
4,01
3,92
3,87
2,26
2,67
2,63
0,173
0,219
Hi 3
Hi 4
H is
Hi 6
Hi 7
20,3
20,5
20,7
7,7
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
0,261
3,84
2,15
0,242
0,000
0,000
7,2
3,74
0,28i
2,08
Hi 8
Hi 9
20,9
21,4
6,9
3,58
0,31:
2,39
0,265
0,276
0,000
0,000
Congxa
21,3
6,9
3,57
0,31;
2,40
0,276
0,000
HH NOHien cau MQOI TR6MG THflY SAN III - NHA TRAtlC
v if N NOHIEN Cila NUOl TRONQ THUY S AN III - NHA TRANO;
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3922
1570
4,0
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VIEN NGHIEN CtfU NUOI TRONG TH^Y S AN III. NHA'
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fe MOHI6N Cfla NUOI TRONG THUY SAN III - NHA TRANG
so B6 T 6 NG THt HE T H 6 NG
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Phu lye A
TC5 KHAI DANG KY
(Kem theo Thong tu so 01/2007/TT-BKHCN ngay 14 thang 2 nam 2007
cua Bp Khoa hpc va Cong nghf)
TOfKHAI
D A N G K Y S A N G C HE
2-2011-00015
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2-2011-00016
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