Summary of PhD Thesis in Biology: Study on the effects of LED on some physiological characteristics, yield and quality of hydroponic cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Objectives of the study: Determination of technical parameters such as variety, nutrition, EC, pH, planting density and harvest time, which are suitable for growth, quality of spinach grown on recirculating hydroponic systems. From there, evaluation the effects of using artificial light (luminescence spectrum and light intensity) on the growth, yield and quality of spinach grown on recirculating hydroponic systems indoor.