ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN FARM ANIMALS

In the kidney, the Th2-mediated response is characterized by formation of immune complexes and deposition in the glomerulus, which is usually followed by complement activation. On the other hand, the Th1-mediated response is characterized by infiltration of circulating mononuclear cells and crescent formation. Both responses are capable of releasing mediators that are responsible for functional and structural changes as seen in primary glomerular diseases. Importantly, these apparently discrepant mechanisms of immune reactions, the Th1 and Th2 responses, are not always mutually exclusive and operate in a coordinated manner in glomerular injury, depending on etiology and pathological stages....