11
electron electron electron
n có n
Obitan (AO) s 1 2 p 3 6 d 5 10 f 7 14
12
Nguyên lí Pau–li:
VD:
Sai
– –
–
2p2
2p3
2s2
2s2
1s2
1s2
VD: C (Z = 6) N (Z = 7):
1
1 Chú ý
(A (C (B (D
2 không
(A
(B
(C (D
3
(A) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s … (C) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d … (B) 1s 2s 2p 3s 4s 3p 3d … (D) 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d …
4
(A) 2. (B) 6. (C) 10. (D) 14.
5 Chú ý (A) s. (B) p. (C) d. (D) f.
là 2n2
6
(A) 9. (B) 18. (C) 6. (D) 3.
7
(A) 2p. (B) 3f. (C) 4d. không (D) 5s.
8
(A) 2d. (B) 3d. (C) 1p. (D) 2f.
2
à
o
i
l e ctronv c 3d r t
n e s 4
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p …
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p
VD1:
Z = 6: 1s22s22p2.
Z = 20: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2.
Z = 22: 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2.
VD2:
2Z N 82 Z 26
2Z N 22 N 30
22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
X là Fe.
VD3:
– – 1s và 2s
1s22s2; 1s22s22p1; 1s22s22p2; 1s22s22p3; 1s22s22p4; 1s22s22p5; 1s22s22p6
3
44s2
94s2
5 (bán bão hòa) và d10 (bão hòa)
Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
.
64s2
VD: Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
. phi kim.
1, 2, 3 electron 5, 6, 7 electron 4 electron
phi kim.
8 electron .
9
(A) 1s22s22p63s23p3. (B) 1s22s22p63s23p1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s13p2. (D) 1s22s22p63s23p2.
A
(A) 1s22s22p63s23p5. (B) 1s22s22p63s23p3.
(C) 1s22s22p63s23p4. (D) 1s22s22p63s23p2.
B
(A) [Ar]3d94s2. (B) [Ar]3d84s2.
(C) [Ar]3d104s2. (D) [Ar]3d104s1.
C
(A) [Ar]3d44s2. (B) [Ar]3d54s2.
(C) [Ar]3d54s1. (D) [Ar]3d7.
D
(A) [Ar]3d54s2 và [Ar]3d74s2. (B) [Ar]3d44s2 và [Ar]3d74s2.
(C) [Ar]3d54s1 và [Ar]3d9. (D) [Ar]3d54s1 và [Ar]3d74s2.
4
E
(A) 1s22s22p1. (B) 1s22s22p63s2.
(C) 1s22s22p63s1. (C) 1s22s22p63s2.
F
(A) 1s22s22p63s23p5. (B) 1s22s22p63s23p1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s23p2. (D) 1s22s22p63s2.
G
(A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4.
1 là (A) 1.
H
(B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4.
2 là
I
(A) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10.
J
(A) 1s22s22p5. (B) 1s22s22p6.
(C) 1s22s22p63s2. (D) 1s22s22p63s23p3.
K
(A) 1s22s22p63s2. (B) 1s22s22p63s1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s23p1. (D) 1s22s22p5.
L
(B (D (A (C
M
là 4p5
(A) 80. (B) 81. (C) 82. (D) 96.
5
+, Cl–, Ca2+.
VD4:
Cl (Z = 17), Ca (Z = 20).
– Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1 Na+: 1s22s22p6
– Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5 Cl–: 1s22s22p63s23p6
2+, Fe2+
– Ca (Z = 20): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Ca2+: 1s22s22p63s23p6
VD5: Fe (Z = 26).
– Cu (Z = 29): 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 Cu2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d9
+
+
6
– Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
+: 1s22s22p6
22s22p63s1
(A) 10. (B) 11. (C) 22. (D) 23.
2+ và Cr3+
N
(A) [Ar]3d9 và [Ar]3d14s2. (B) [Ar]3d74s2 và [Ar]3d3.
(C) [Ar]3d9 và [Ar]3d3. (D) [Ar]3d74s2 và [Ar]3d14s2.
6
22s22p6?
O
(A) Mg2+, Na+, F– (B) Ca2+, K+, Cl–.
(C) Ca2+, K+, F– (D) Mg2+, K+, Cl–. Chú ý
+, Y–
22s22p6 là:
P
O (Z=8), F (Z=9), Ne (Z=10), Na (Z=11), Mg (Z=12), Al (Z=13), S (Z=16), Cl (Z = 17), Ar (Z = 18), K (Z = 19), Ca (Z=20).
(A) Na+, Cl– (B) Li+, F–, Ne.
(C) Na+, F– (D) K+, Cl–, Ar.
23p6.
Q Cation R+ và Y–
(A) [Ne]3s23p5 và [Ar]4s1. (B) [Ne]4s1 và [Ne]3s23p5.
5
(C) [Ar]4s1 và [Ne]3s23p5. (D) [Ar]3s23p5 và [Ne]4s1.
R Ion R3+
(A) [Ar]3d54s24p1. (B) [Ar]3d9.
3+
(C) [Ar]3d64s2. (D) [Ar]3d8.
S
(A) [Ar]3d54s1. (B) [Ar]3d64s2.
(C) [Ar]3d64s1. (D) [Ar]3d34s2.
7
– 1AO; p – 3AO, d – 5AO, f – 7AO.
VD7: Cl (Z = 17) và Fe (Z = 26).
– Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
– Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
VD8:
– C (Z = 6): 1s22s22p2
C có 2
1s2 2s2 2p2
– P (Z = 15): 1s22s22p63s23p3
P có 3
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
T
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
8
U
(B) (A)
(D) (C)
V
(A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4.
(B) 2 và 1. (D) 1 và 1. W và Ca (Z = 20) là (A) 1 và 2. (C) 1 và 0.
X
(B) O và Ca. (D) O và S. (A) He và C. (C) Mg và S.
Y
(A) Fe. (B) Al. (C) P. (D) Cr.
Z
(A) 5. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4.
9
Câu 1 Câu D Câu P C D C
2 E Q B C C
3 F R C B C
4 G S C C B
5 H T B C A
6 I U B C D
7 J V B C A
8 K W B D C
9 L X B B D
A M Y A A D
B N Z D C D
C O B A
10
