GRAMMAR ENGLISH 9 ( HKII)
Unit 6: The environment
1. Adjectives and adverbs:
a. Tính t b nghĩa cho danh t và đng t :ừ ổ ừ ộ ừ
Ex: He is a good teacher.
Ex: He is tall.
b. Tr ng t b nghĩa cho b t c lo i t nào ngoài tr danh t và đi t .ạ ừ ổ ấ ứ ạ ừ ừ ừ ạ ừ
Ex: My teacher teaches well.
Ex: She speaks English very well.
Ex: I couldn’t come simply because I was ill.
Ex: It is a very interesting book.
2. Adverb clause of reason: ( m nh đ tr ng ng ch lý do)ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ
M nh đ tr ng ng ch lý do b t đu as, since, because.ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ắ ầ
Ex: As you weren’t there, I left a message.
Ex: I stayed home because it was raining.
Ex: Since I have no money, I can’t buy a new car.
3. Adjective + that clause:
That clause đc dùng v i tính l ch c m xúc ho c s ch c ch n . Tính t th ng đc theo sau b i ượ ớ ừ ỉ ả ặ ự ắ ắ ừ ườ ượ ở
that clause g m: ồafraid, angry, bad, certain, dissappointed, glad, grateful, happy, helpful, hopeful,
important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong.
Ex: I’m afraid that I can’t come tomorrow.
Ex: We’re pleased that you passed.
Ex: I’m sorry that he failed.
4. Conditional sentence type 1 ( Đi u ki n có th x y ra hi n t i ho c t ng lai)ề ệ ể ả ở ệ ạ ặ ươ
If clause Main clause
Present simple S+ will/may/can + V+ O
EX: If you do your best, you can pass the exam.
Ex: If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
Ex: If you do not hurry, you may miss the train.
Unit 7: Saving energy
1. Connectives: and , but, because, or , so, therefore, however.
Dùng đ n i ho c liên k t nh ng t , c m t ho c câu v i nhau.ể ố ặ ế ữ ừ ụ ừ ặ ớ
EX: My hobbies are playing soccer and listening to music.
EX; I want other car but I have no money.
EX: I failed in my exam because I didn’t study.
EX: Would you like tea or coffee?
EX: It’s raining , so I’ll stay home and read.
EX: I passed the test, therefore, my parents took me to the circus.
EX: I feel sleepy, however, I must finish the report.
2. Phrasal verbs: ( C m đng t )ụ ộ ừ
a. Turn off # turn on:
Ex: I forgot to turn off the light when I went out.
Ex: I Turn on the light! It’s dark in here.
b. Loofk for:
Ex: What are you looking for?
c. Look after:
Ex: Who will look after the garden when you’re on vacation?
d. Go on:
Ex: If you go on doing that, you’ll be punished.
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3. Making suggestions: ( Đa ra l i yêu c u)ư ờ ầ
a. Suggest + V-ing:
Ex: I suggest taking the children to the zoo.
b. Suggest + that + S + should
Ex: I suggest that you should speak English in class.
Unit 8: Celebrations
1. Relative clauses ( m nh đ liên h )ệ ề ệ
M nh đ liên h mang ch c năng c a tính t nên còn đc g i là m nh đ tính t .ệ ề ệ ứ ủ ừ ượ ọ ệ ề ừ
+ m nh đ tính t b t đu b ng Who:ệ ề ừ ắ ầ ằ
Who thay th cho t ch ng i đng tr c nó và làm ế ừ ỉ ườ ứ ướ ch tủ ừ trong m nh đ liên hệ ề ệ
EX: The woman who wears a hat is my mother.
+ m nh đ tính t b t đu b ng Whom:ệ ề ừ ắ ầ ằ
Whom thay th cho t ch ng i đng tr c nó và làm ế ừ ỉ ườ ứ ướ túc từ trong m nh đ ph .ệ ề ụ
EX: My mother is the person whom I always think of
EX: The man whom she visits is very famous.
+ Which có th làm ch ng ho c túc t trong m nh đ liên h .ể ủ ữ ặ ừ ệ ề ệ
* m nh đ liên h b t đu b ng ch t Which :ệ ề ệ ắ ầ ằ ủ ừ
Which thay th cho t ch v t đng tr c nó và ế ừ ỉ ậ ứ ướ làm ch tủ ừ trong m nh đ liên h .ệ ề ệ
EX: The book which is on the table is my teacher’s .
* m nh đ liên h b t đu b ng tân ng which:ệ ề ệ ắ ầ ằ ữ
Which thay th cho t ch v t đng tr c nó và ế ừ ỉ ậ ứ ướ làm túc từ trong m nh đ liên h .ệ ề ệ
EX: The bicycle which you are looking at is mine.
+ Who, whom, which có th thay th b ng THAT đ làm ch t ho c túc t trong m nh đ liên h .ể ế ằ ể ủ ừ ặ ừ ệ ề ệ
EX: The girl that lives opposite my house is very pretty.
EX: This is the teacher that we admire.
EX: The men (whom) we met yesterday are actors.
EX: Thevegetables(which) you bought are fresh.
Ex: That is the man from whom I borrowed the car.
Xác đnhịXác đnh, không xác đnhị ị
SUBJECT Ng iườ that Who
V tậWhich
OBJECT Ng iườ (that) Whom
V tậWhich
POSSESSIVE Ng iườ whose Whose
V tậWhose/ of which Whose/ of which
Đi t liên h n m trong m nh đ không h n đnh ( non-defining) gi a 2 d u ph y. Đi v i ạ ừ ệ ằ ệ ề ạ ị ữ ấ ẩ ố ớ
m nh đ này, ta không dùng that.ệ ề
EX: Minh, who likes to tell jokes, is my close friend.
( không th thay who b ng that)ể ằ
2. Adverb clauses of concession: ( m nh đ tr ng ng ch s nh ng b )ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ự ượ ộ
M nh đ tr ng ng ch s nh ng b b t đu b ng though, even though, although.ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ự ượ ộ ắ ầ ằ
Ex: She won prize, though I hadn’t expected it.
Ex: I like him even though he can be ennoying.
Ex: Although she had entered the contest for fun, she won first prize.
Unit 9: Natural Disasters
1. Relative clauses: M nh đ liên h .ệ ề ệ
* Ph i dùng “that” trong các tr ng h p sau: ả ườ ợ
+ sau ti n h n h p :( mixed antecedent)ề ỗ ợ
Ex: The girl and flowers that he painted were vivid( sinh đng)ộ
Ex: I saw the men and women and cattle that went to the field.
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+ Sau tính t c c c p( superlative) và the first, the last, the only, the very….)ừ ự ấ
Ex: You are the very person that I have been looking for.
Ex: He was the only man that could enter her house.
Ex: She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.
+ Sau các đi t b t đnh ( indefinite pronouns) nh all, nothing, anything, nobody, much, little….ạ ừ ấ ị ư
Ex: I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she.
Ex: Has he eaten all that I gave?
* không đc dùng “that” trong các tr ng h p sau:ượ ườ ợ
+ Đi t liên h có gi i t đng tr c:ạ ừ ệ ớ ừ ứ ướ
Ex: The house in which I live is my father’s.
+ M nh đ liên h không h n đnh ( non-defining clause )ệ ề ệ ạ ị
Ex: Viet Nam, which is in the South- East Asia, exports rice.
Unit 10: Life on other planet.
1. Modal verbs with IF
a. Conditional sentence type 1 ( Đi u ki n có th x y ra hi n t i ho c t ng lai)ề ệ ể ả ở ệ ạ ặ ươ
If clause Main clause
Present simple S+ will/may/can + V+ O
EX: If you do your best, you can pass the exam.
Ex: If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
Ex: If you do not hurry, you may miss the train.
b. Conditional sentence type 2 ( Đi u ki n không có th c ho c không th x y ra hi n t i )ề ệ ự ặ ể ả ở ệ ạ
If clause Main clause
Past simple S+ would/might/could + V+ O
Ex: If I were you, I could help him.
Ex: If I had money, I might give it to him.
Ex: If I were a bird, I would be a dove.
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