PUBLIC SPEAKING PUBLIC SPEAKING
Instructor: Nguyen Thi Hoai Minh,M.A Nguyen Thi Hoai Minh,M.A.. Instructor: minh.nth@ou.edu.vn Email: minh.nth@ou.edu.vn Email:
What is public speaking?
Speaking to a group of audience
A form of interpersonal communication
Delivering structured and intentional speeches
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/
Characteristics of Effective Public Speakers
Have good ideas
Well organize and express their ideas
Deliver the message well
Adapt themselves to the audience
Manage time well
…
Common problems of speaking publicly
Lack of confidence Lack of practice Boring topics Poor preparation Lack of presentation skills Different types of listeners Ill management of postures and gestures …
COURSE OBJECTIVES
After this course, you’ll be able to…
… speak in front of the class with
confidence;
… choose a good topic for your
presentation;
… prepare a good outline for your
presentation
… improve your presentation skills
EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE INTERPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
We communicate interpersonally when we…
… exchange messages:
o express opinions o ask and answer questions o express how we feel o talk about we like and dislike o say about what we want and don’t want o …
Effects of interpersonal communication
Success communication mutual understanding feeling good
Communication fails misunderstanding feeling angry, confused or upset
Avoiding misunderstanding
Asking for clarification (determining what
certain words mean)
Clarifying the speaker’s intention
(determining the message)
Interpersonal communication styles
a. The speaker expects his rights to
1. Aggressive
be respected and respect the rights of listeners.
b. The speaker imposes an
2. Submissive
impression that his opinions and feelings are more important than others’.
3. Assertive
c. The speaker provides the
Joseph Wolpe. M.D.
impression that he considers himself inferior to others.
IMPROMPTU IMPROMPTU SPEECHES SPEECHES
“Thinking on your feet”
It means… …being able to organize one’s ideas quickly… …and speak about a subject
without advance preparation. IMPROMPTU SPEECH.
Impromptu speeches Examples
Answering questions
Giving opinions
Sharing knowledge about something
…
Impromptu speeches – Techniques
Elaborating your answers– giving more details to
extend your responses to a question
be wellinformed (frequent reading & listening)
be in the search of areas of interests
Impromptu speeches – Techniques Outlining your ideas – choosing an
Time
ProblemSolution
Location
CauseEffect EffectCause Related subtopics AdvantagesDisadvantages
organizational pattern. PastPresentFuture
Impromptu speeches – Practice
• The best of friends
• Great communicators
• Technology
• The first impression
• (your own topic)
SELF-INTRODUCTION SELF-INTRODUCTION SPEECHES SPEECHES
Purposes of selfintroduction speech
To get people to know you
To become less distant to strangers
To become more confident
To get started for your speech
….
What do we put into our selfintroduction speech?
Something about yourself: your childhood, family,
qualification, work , etc.
Your experiences
Your opinions, attitudes toward something
Your concerns or fears
…
How to organize a selfintroduction speech
Two basic methods:
o Picture story
o Speech preparation worksheet
PRESENTATION SKILLS PRESENTATION SKILLS
Food for thought Food for thought
Most people are frequently more “ “Most people are frequently more influenced by what they see than what influenced by what they see than what they hear” they hear”
Paulette Dale,2000 Paulette Dale,2000
What does it mean to you? What does it mean to you?
IMPROVING YOUR “LOOK” IMPROVING YOUR “LOOK”
postures postures
eye contact eye contact
facial expressions facial expressions
movement movement
gestures gestures
Posture Posture
is the position in which you hold “… is the position in which you hold “… your body when standing, sitting, etc.” your body when standing, sitting, etc.”
Eye contact Eye contact
look look
do not look do not look
As we deliver a speech, we … As we deliver a speech, we …
our listeners directly in the eyes. … … our listeners directly in the eyes.
Which is more true for you? Which is more true for you?
Good eye contact means… Good eye contact means…
shifting your focus to and from a “… shifting your focus to and from a “…
Paulette Dale, 2000 Paulette Dale, 2000
person’s eyes.” person’s eyes.”
This shows that… This shows that… you are open and honest • … … you are open and honest you are confident in yourself • … … you are confident in yourself you know your topic well • … … you know your topic well
Facial expressions Facial expressions
Lenny Laskowski Lenny Laskowski
What does it mean to you? Give examples. What does it mean to you? Give examples.
facial expressions are often the key “…“…facial expressions are often the key determinant of the meaning behind the determinant of the meaning behind the message.” message.”
Facial expressions- 6 tips Facial expressions- 6 tips
Be yourself. Be yourself. Do not overdo it. Do not overdo it. Create different moods. Create different moods. Think about what you are saying. Think about what you are saying. Smile before you begin. Smile before you begin. Practice in front of the mirror. Practice in front of the mirror.
http://www.ljlseminars.com/facial.htm http://www.ljlseminars.com/facial.htm
Movement Movement
Avoid…Avoid… twirling strands of hair with fingers twirling strands of hair with fingers fiddling with jewelry fiddling with jewelry pushing slipping eyeglasses up pushing slipping eyeglasses up hiding hands in pockets hiding hands in pockets jingling your keys jingling your keys standing frozen in one place standing frozen in one place
Gestures Gestures
Make gestures a part of your language. Make gestures a part of your language.
Gestures arise from the content of the talk. Gestures arise from the content of the talk.
The bigger is the audience, the bigger are The bigger is the audience, the bigger are the gestures the gestures
Gestures should be high enough. Gestures should be high enough.
IMPROVING YOUR “SOUND” IMPROVING YOUR “SOUND”
clear
– volume, rate, rhythm, pitch, clear – volume, rate, rhythm, pitch, pronunciation pronunciation
brief
– short words & sentences brief – short words & sentences
Get enough practice for what we’re saying Get enough practice for what we’re saying to be … to be …
CHOOSING CHOOSING YOUR TOPICS YOUR TOPICS
Techniques
Brainstorming
Listening and reading
Scanning lists and indexes
…
some general categories of topics
An life-long experience
A special skill
A topic that you know well or interested in
A report of survey results
A “hot” topic
A controversial issue
…
SPEECHMAKING SPEECHMAKING PROCESS PROCESS
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
How many parts are in a typical speech?
Which part should we prepare first?
Step 1: Prepare the Body
Brainstorm a list of subtopics
Narrow down your list of subtopics
Order your subtopics logically
Step 2: Prepare the Conclusion
A summary of main points
Final remark to end the speech (a memorable statement, an open question, etc.)
Step 3: Prepare the Introduction
An attention-getting opener (a “hook”)
– Telling a brief story
– Asking a question
– Shocking audience with a startling fact/quote
A preview of the body
TYPES OF SPEECHES TYPES OF SPEECHES
Types of Speeches
Informative speeches – to present
information to an audience
Persuasive speeches – to convince others to change feelings, beliefs, or behaviors
6 steps of preparation
Informative speech
Persuasive speech
1. Determining purpose
1. Analyzing audience
2. Choosing topic
2. Choosing topic
3. Analyzing audience
3. Narrowing topic
4. Gathering information
4. Gathering information
5. Preparing visual aids
5. Preparing visual aids
6. Organizing speech
6. Organizing speech
BASIC STEPS OF BASIC STEPS OF PREPARATION FOR A PREPARATION FOR A SPEECH SPEECH
1. ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE
Two approaches:
Informative speech: Demographic
Persuasive speech: Attitudinal
Age range
Sex distribution
Occupation(s)
Economic Level(s)
General background
Demographic Analysis of Audience (for Informative Speech)
Demographic Analysis of Audience
observing
asking questions about them
making inferences from their appearance
o Informal
Designing a brief questionnaire
o Formal
Attitudes – your likes and dislikes
Beliefs – feelings that something is
true/real
Values – concepts of good and bad,
right and wrong
Attitudinal Analysis of Audience (for Persuasive Speech)
Attitudinal Analysis of Audience
from the group of audience
o Informal – interviewing some people
to get their opinions about the topic
o Formal – conducting a survey
2. GATHERING INFORMATION
Where do we look for the materials for our
speech?
Within yourself: what you know
Outside yourself:
Interviews Library and Internet search
3. PREPARING VISUAL AIDS
What are visual aids?
Preparing Visual Aids
Why are visual aids helpful?
They help…
the speaker get organized
the audience to understand the
information
the audience remember the speech
4. ORGANIZING YOUR SPEECH
