http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1894 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 1894-1899. Article ID: IJMET_10_03_192
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
STUDY OF SPECIFIC ENERGY IN ELASTIC
PHASE OF THE DIFFERENT METALLIC
MATERIALS: ALUMINIUM, COPPER AND
STEEL
H. Ouaomar
Industrial Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan
MoulaySlimane University,
BeniMellal, Morocco.
M. Lahlou and M. El Ghorba
Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National
Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, BP 8118 Oasis, Hassan II University,
Casablanca, Morocco
N. Mouhib
Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National
Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, BP 8118 Oasis, Hassan II University,
Casablanca, Morocco
ISEM/Higher Institute of Maritims Studies, Km 7 Road El Jadida Casablanca Morocco
ABSTRACT
Metallic materiels require a compromise of mechanical and energy characteristics
to achieve the desired functions. They often face aggressive conditions such as
mechanical vibration, heat stress, penetration of moisture or even abuse. These
conditions favor the appearance of more or less serious defects ranging from a simple
crack in the material.
However, To better predict their ruin, it is important to understand the mechanical
behavior of the materials and their damage mode depending on the type of load they
undergo and either the generated default. The reliability of materials is an important
concept to be regarded in estimating service life of materials.
For this, the present work aims to familiarize the mechanical behavior of different
materials, in our study we performed a comparison between the different specific
energies elastic phase of the elements of study.
H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1895 editor@iaeme.com
Thus, the aim of this paper is to study the mechanical behavior of aluminium and
copper materials used in electric cables and the P265GH steel material used in pressure
tank.
Keywords: aluminium; copper; reliability; P265GH steel; Electric cable; specific
energy.
Cite this Article H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib, Study of
Specific Energy in Elastic Phase of the Different Metallic Materials: Aluminium,
Copper and Steel, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,
10(3), 2019, pp. 1894-1899.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
Until now, metallic materials have experienced intrinsic modifications to adapt the mechanical,
physical and environmental constraints increasingly severe. The increase in high loads, aging
makes it increasingly important to be able to understand the mechanical behavior of different
materials and all its constituent elements.
The specific energy in elastic phase is a clean mechanical property of each material, it is
characterized by the intrinsic characteristics of the material: Young's modulus, yield strength
and bulk density. This energy has the ability of a material to withstand the mechanical stresses
faced without suffering irreversible damage.
The aim of our work is to treat the mechanical behavior of the different elements of study
while supporting our results with a comparative study between the different specific energies
elastic phase of the various materials.
The three studied samples are copper wire extracted from underground electric cable LV
U1000R2V and Aluminium wire extracted from underground electric cable LV H1XDVAS,and
P265GH steel material used in pressure tank industry.
Every conductor strand is made up of several wires wrapped in successive layers around a
central core wire. Thus, their wires require a detailed study because of the harmful effects of
their failure on the entire electrical system. The purpose of our work is to treat the results of
mechanical tests applied to aluminum copper and steel. All trials are conducted under the
guidelines prescribed by the appropriate standards for each type of test .
The aim of this paper is to analyse the mechanical behavior of three type of metallic
materials. A comparative study is conducted in order to review the various advantages and
disadvantages of each material [1].
2. EXPERIMENTATION
2.1. Specimens study
The Metallic materials that are the subject of our analysis are:- aluminium wire used in Cable
BT AS H1 XDV 3240 ALU + 95.- copper wire used in U1000 R2V cable 416.
- P265GH steel material used in pressure tank.
Study of Specific Energy in Elastic Phase of the Different Metallic Materials: Aluminium, Copper
and Steel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1896 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1 Schematic of aluminum wire specimen [2]
Figure 2 Schematic of copper wire specimen [3].
Figure 3 specimen of P265GH steel material [4].
2.2. Mechanical characterization
In order to characterize mechanically this material, a tensile test is applied to specimens
according to the standard.
Figure 4 Stress-strain curve of aluminum material
H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1897 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 5 Stress strain of P265GH steel material
Figure 6 Stress-strain curve of copper material
Different mechanical properties are summarized in the table 1.
Table 3 . Mechanical properties of aluminum wire and copper wire and steel material
Elastic stress
𝝈𝒆(MPa)
Breaking stress
𝝈𝒓(MPa)
Strain
𝜺(%)
Young
modulus
E(GPa)
Aluminium
wire
120
23
2.5
71
Copper wire
358
369
30
124
P265GH steel
320
460
35
210
Study of Specific Energy in Elastic Phase of the Different Metallic Materials: Aluminium, Copper
and Steel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1898 editor@iaeme.com
3. THEORETICAL STUDY
3.1. Calculating the specific energy in elastic phase
Energy of a system is the potential to perform work or produce heat. The specific energy in
elastic phase is the energy associated with the elastic deformation of a material[5]. The
absorption capacity and energy release per unit mass of a substance undergo elastic deformation
is expressed by the relationship [6]:
𝑤
𝑚= 𝜎2
2×𝜌×𝐸 in joule/kg
with
ρ: the density in kg / m3
E: Young modulus in MPa
σ: maximum stress in MPa
So for the different components of our cable we studied the results summarized in the
following table:
Table 2. Specify energy of different component:
Specify energy(J/Kg)
3.8
0.61
304
We note that the specific energy in the elastic phase of steel material is enormously
interesting in relation to copper and aluminum material, this difference is due to the importance
of mechanical and environmental constraints that faced the steel material and their essential
role conduction of electric current.
On the other hand, the aluminum and copper material are protected by two types of outer
sheath ,that’s mean their principal function is transmission of electric energy and not a
mechanical role like the steel material that need a high life time[7].
4. CONCLUSION
The constituent materials of the electric cables require a compromise of mechanical and
electrical characteristics to achieve the desired functions, that why aluminum and copper wire
don’t have a high specific energy, in the other hand ,the P265GH steel material used in pressure
tank need a strong mechanical characteristic and a high specific energy to achieve its hard
mission to protect environment and having a long life time.
REFERENCES
[1] H.Ouaomar, N.Mouhib, M.Lahlou, M. El Ghorba . “Mechanical behavior and statistical
study of aluminum wires belonging to low voltage underground electrical cable”
International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 06–10, 2015.
[2] ISO 6801-1 (International Organization for Standardization standard electrical cables).
[3] Norme française NF C 33-210 Câbles isolés basse tension souterrains pour les
branchements des abonnés.
[4] E606 / E606M - 12 ASTM Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing.