VOCABULARY SET 21: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.1)
Vocabulary:
1. alternative (adj/n): thay thế
2. consume (v) consumption (n): tiêu th , sụ ử d ngụ
ố ớ ầ gì 3. demand for (collocation): nhu c u đ i v i cái
ệ ả su tấ 4. efficient (adj) efficiency (n): hi u qu , năng
5. exploit (v) exploitation (n): khai thác
ệ ạ ầ ồ ự nhiên) 6. fossil fuels (n): nhiên li u hóa th ch (bao g m than, bùn, d u thô và khí t
ả sinh ạ 7. generate (v): t o ra, phát ra, s n
8. hybrid (adj): lai t pạ
9. hybrid car (np): xe lai đi nệ
10. lower (v): làm gi mả đi
tệ đi nệ 11. thermal power station (np): nhà máy nhi
ổ ồ ữ ộ ớ lao , d d i, l n 12. tremendous (adj): kh ng l
ớ mông 13. vast (adj): to l n, mênh
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. high vehicle / must / take / alternative / route / because / low clearance / under / bridge.
2. propose / tidal barrage / would / generate / enough / electric / supply / between 60,0001 80,000 home.
3. jet / high fuel consumption / make / expensive / operate.
4. fair trade / measure / essential / stop / exploitation / small / thirdworld coffee farmer.
5. heart surgery / exact / tremendous / skill / concentration.
Task 2: Translate from Vietnamese to English
1. Nhiên li uệ hóa th chạ là d ngạ nhiên li uệ đ cượ hình thành từ quá trình tự nhiên, bao g mồ
than đá, d uầ ự nhiên. thô, khí t
ử ụ ệ ả ườ ệ ử ụ ả ơ ệ 2. S d ng xe lai đi n giúp b o v môi tr ng vì xe lai đi n s d ng ít xăng h n nên th i ra ít
khí th iả gây ệ ứ ơ hi u ng nhà kính h n.
ấ ế ạ ị ả ộ ầ ữ ứ ầ 3. Lãi su t ti ệ t ki m l i b gi m m t l n n a, đây là l n th 3 trong năm nay.
ộ ậ ủ ủ ữ ả ầ ồ ớ 4. Chính ph khó có kh năng đ ng ý v i yêu c u đ c l p c a nh ng k n i ẻ ổ lo n.ạ
ọ ầ ẫ ố ế ữ ữ ệ ệ 5. Nh ng phát hi n y h c g n đây đã d n l ạ ắ i đ n nh ng lo i v cxin hi u qu ả h n.ơ
Task 3: Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases
The world natural resources are consumed at an everincreased rate. What are the causes of this
situation?
What are the solutions?
The overconsumption of natural resources is emerging as a major topic of concern today. This
alarming trend is caused by a few factors, and it should be addressed by a number of definite actions.
The increasingly high level of 1 of natural resources could be ascribed to a number of causes. The most obvious reason is the 2 resources in developing countries, such as China and Brazil. The citizens of these countries are becoming increasingly wealthy, and they may now afford a . A clear example of this is living standard that is associated with a higher level of resource 3 the widespread use of cars among tens of millions of middleincome Chinese nationals, which may have contributed substantially to the burning of oil on a global scale. Besides, the overdependence on natural resources, such as 4 , is another significant reason to consider. In Vietnam, for example, the
in 6 power stations, in which a 7 amount of coal
majority of electricity is 5 is the burnt on a daily basis.
Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over8
products, such as 10
Earth's resources. The most practical measure at the moment is to reduce the demand for resources in developing countries.This cars, and selling these can be done by massproducing 9 items at a low price to citizens of these nations. If such a measure is implemented, these people may still benefit from better living standards without overconsuming natural resources. Besides, a more the reliance on natural resources by taking advantage of sustainable solution is to 11 12 sources. For instance, wind and tidal power in the Netherlands, nuclear power in Japan and solar power in the United States have all proven their 13 in energy production. These
forms of energy should be used in other parts of the world as well, to minimise the global dependence on fossil fuels.
To sum up, the overexploitation of natural resources derives from the strong demand in developing countries and the overreliance on these types of resources. Strong measures, such as reducing the aforementioned demand and making use of alternative energy sources, should be implemented to tackle this situation.
363 words, written by Tu Pham
Key:
Task 1:
1. High vehicles must take an alternative route because of low clearance under the bridge.
2. The proposed tidal barrage would generate enough electricity to supply between 60,000 and 80,000 homes.
3. The jet's high fuel consumption makes it expensive to operate.
4. Fair trade measures are essential to stop the exploitation of small Third World coffee farmers.
5. Heart surgery exacts tremendous skills and concentration.
Task 2: Answers may vary
1. Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes, including coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.
2. Using hybrid cars helps protect the environment in the way that hybrid cars use less gasoline, so they give off less emissions that cause the greenhouse effect.
3. Savings interest rates have been lowered again, which is the third time in the year.
4. The government is unlikely to agree to the rebels' demands for independence.
5. Recent medical discoveries are already pointing the way to more efficient vaccines.
Task 3
The overconsumption of natural resources is emerging as a major topic of concern today. This
alarming trend is caused by a few factors, and it should be addressed by a number of definite actions.
The increasingly high level of (1) exploitation of natural resources could be ascribed to a number of causes. The most obvious reason is the (2) tremendous demand for resources in developing countries, such as China and Brazil. The citizens of these countries are becoming increasingly wealthy, and they may now afford a living standard that is associated with a higher level of resource (3) consumption. A clear example of this is the widespread use of cars among tens of millions of middleincome Chinese nationals, which may have contributed substantially to the burning of oil on a global scale. Besides, the overdependence on natural resources, such as (4) fossil fuels, is another significant reason to consider. In Vietnam, for example, the majority of electricity is (5) generated in (6) thermal power stations, in which a (7) vast amount of coal is the burnt on a daily basis.
Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over(8) consuming Earth's resources. The most practical measure at the moment is to reduce the demand for resources in developing countries. This can be done by massproducing (9) energyefficient products, such as (10) hybrid cars, and selling these items at a low price to citizens of these nations. If such a measure is implemented, these people may still benefit from better living standards without overconsuming natural resources. Besides, a more sustainable solution is to (11) lower the reliance on natural resources by taking advantage of (12) alternative sources. For instance, wind and tidal power in the Netherlands, nuclear power in Japan and solar power in the United States have all proven their (13) efficiency in energy production. These forms of energy should be used in other parts of the world as well, to minimise the global dependence on fossil fuels.
To sum up, the overexploitation of natural resources derives from the strong demand in developing countries and the overreliance on these types of resources. Strong measures, such as reducing the aforementioned demand and making use of alternative energy sources, should be implemented to tackle this situation.
363 words, written by Tu Pham
