The antibiotics

This is an insider's account of 50 years of genetic studies of the soil-inhabiting microbes that produce most of the antibiotics used to treat infections, as well as anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and immunosuppressant drugs. The book begins by describing how these microbes - the actinomycetes - were discovered in the latter part of the nineteenth century, but remained a 'Cinderella' group until, in the 1940s, they shot to prominence with the discovery of streptomycin, the first effective treatment for tuberculosis and only the second antibiotic after penicillin to become a medical marvel.

261p transang5 30-10-2012 72 24   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Trichoderma viride cellulase induces resistance to the antibiotic pore-forming peptide alamethicin associated with changes in the plasma membrane lipid composition of tobacco BY-2 cells

13p panasonic02 14-12-2011 53 9   Download

Hospitals, by their very nature, are dangerous places. Sick and infected patients are clustered together in one institution, often in close proximity to those who are immunosuppressed due to recent surgery, chemotherapy or transplantation. Contact between these various patient groups is easily achieved via the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs), use of shared equipment or the hospital’s air handling system.

0p thienbinh1311 13-12-2012 33 5   Download

UDP-N-acetylglucosamineenolpyruvyl transferase (MurA), catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, involving the transfer of the intactenolpyruvyl moiety from phosphoenolpyruvate to the 3¢-hydroxyl group of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPNAG). The enzyme is irreversibly inhibited by the antibiotic fosfomycin. The inactivation is caused by alkylation of a highly conserved cysteine residue (C115) that participates in the binding of phos-phoenolpyruvate.

9p dell39 03-04-2013 24 2   Download

Mấy ngày nay bạn bị cái nhọt ở tay hành, đau nhức quá. Đi bác sĩ, bác sĩ biên cái toa cho bạn dùng trụ sinh (còn gọi kháng sinh). Trước khi đưa viên thuốc vào miệng, bạn tò mò nhìn ngắm viên thuốc be bé. Đời là trường tranh đấu, khắp nơi đều bãi chiến trường. Đúng đấy, chiến tranh đang xảy ra ngay ở chỗ tay bạn có cái nhọt. Cơ thể bạn đang huy động súng ống, xe tăng, bộ binh đến để bao vây quân thù vi trùng, bảo vệ cơ thể bạn. (Nếu cái nhọt có...

5p candysweet 28-09-2009 173 19   Download

Tham khảo sách 'antibiotic resistant bacteria – a continuous challenge in the new millennium edited by marina pana', y tế - sức khoẻ, y học thường thức phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả

586p xumxaxumxit 10-04-2013 60 9   Download

For more than two decades, Bank of America has aspired to environmental leadership in the financial services sector. In 2007, we announced a 10-year, $20 billion business initiative to address climate change through our lending, investing, products and services, and our own operations. This initiative is far more than doing good for its own sake — it has proven to be a long-term, compelling business opportunity for our clients, our company and our shareholders.

0p machuavo 19-01-2013 33 6   Download

In resolution WHA63.14, the World Health Assembly urges Member States to identify the most suitable policy approach given national circumstances, and to develop new policies or strengthen those existing that aim to reduce the impact on children of marketing of foods high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, free sugars, or salt. This section proposes steps that may facilitate the policy development process. Firstly, it is advisable for Member States to seek consensus across government on the need for policy development.

62p dangsuynghi 15-03-2013 24 6   Download

Basidiomycetes constitute a natural source of biologically active metabolites. Many basidiomycetes have been classified by the National Cancer Institute of the United States as antitumor agents exhibiting an immunomodulatory activity.1 The therapeutic activity is mainly related to polysaccharides or protein-bound polysaccharides, such as glucans, heterogalactans, and glucanproteins, which are present either in the mycelium or in the fruit body.2–6 Among these polysaccharides are b-D-glucans, which are of particular interest because of their pharmacological properties.

6p the_eye_1991 18-09-2012 28 5   Download

European society and the European economy do not yet exploit the full potential for resource efficiency. Much recyclable waste is either exported or sent to landfill. A lack of long-term frameworks holds back planning and investment, most obviously on a climate and energy framework beyond 2020, but also on long term sustainable use of key resources such as air, soil, energy, water, fish and biomass. At the same time, such frameworks can help to galvanise the innovation needed to exploit the potential of the transition to a low-carbon economy in areas like transport, energy and agriculture....

18p lenh_hoi_xung 01-03-2013 15 5   Download

We ¯nd that when the hypothetical benchmarks are recognized as being unavailable for investment, there need not exist close substitutes for them in the universe of mutual funds. For an investor who believes completely in the accuracy of the Fama-French model and precludes managerial skill, the perceived maximum Sharpe ratio is only 66 percent of what could be achieved by direct investment in that model's benchmarks. For a believer in the Carhart four-factor model, the corresponding value is 54 percent.

56p thangbienthai 22-11-2012 26 4   Download

As the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has pointed out, it has become increasingly important to look beyond the traditional earnings and economic value effects and assess indirect interest rate effects as well. Taking a broader view of the potential earnings impact of changing interest rates, banks also need to take into consideration the growing share of (interest-sensitive) fee- based fi nancial services (loan servicing, asset securitization programs, pay- ments etc.).

49p taisaovanchuavo 23-01-2013 19 4   Download

The best practice today is to read data into the SAS environment for processing. For highly repeatable processes, this might not be efficient because it takes time to transfer the data and resources are used to temporarily store in the SAS environment. In some cases, the results of the SAS processing must be transferred back to the DBMS for final storage, which further increases the cost. Addressing this challenge can result in improved resource utilization and enable companies to answer business questions more quickly. ...

10p yasuyidol 02-04-2013 24 4   Download

Adjunctive treatments may reduce morbidity and mortality and include dexamethasone for bacterial meningitis; intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for TSS and necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A Streptococcus; low-dose hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone for septic shock; and drotrecogin alfa (activated), also known as recombinant human activated protein C, for meningococcemia and severe sepsis.

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 37 3   Download

For the last 60 or so years the chemotherapy of bacterial infections has been dominated by natural products and their semi-synthetic variants. Although the term antibiotic was initially used exclusively to describe those anti-bacterials of natural or semi-synthetic origin, it has become broadened in common usage to include antibacterial agents of purely synthetic origin as well. The emphasis of this chapter will be on the discovery of novel prototype structures that represent the different classes of antibiotic e.g.

0p thienbinh1311 13-12-2012 16 3   Download

The second set of assumptions is contained in the firm’s marketing model. This contains managers’ analysis of which customers the firm can most profitably target and knowledge about what their wants are. It also contains the analysis of the competition: what strategies competitors are likely to follow, what their strengths and weaknesses are, and what capabilities are needed to create a competitive advantage. Next is the operations model, which contains the analysis of the best way to structure the firm’s value chain to produce and deliver products and service to customers.

70p lenh_hoi_xung 21-02-2013 21 3   Download

A database is any collection of related data. The files on your hard drive and the piles of paper on your desk all count as databases. What distinguishes a relational data- base from other kinds of databases is the mechanism by which the database is orga- nized—the way the data is modeled. A relational database is a collection of data organized in accordance with the relational model to suit a specific purpose. Relational principles are based on the mathematical concepts developed by Dr. E. F.

43p nhacsihuytuan 13-04-2013 23 3   Download

Many of the policies and other factors underlying poverty and environmental degradation are likewise closely linked. They originate in policies and governance structures at the local, sectoral, national and even international levels. Too often, inappropriate policy and regulatory frameworks prevent the poor- most notably women- from developing their capabilities and productive potential, and protecting the natural resource base on which they depend.

62p tieuyeuquai456 05-10-2012 20 2   Download

Much attention has increasingly been paid on safety, health and environmental issues, not only in industry but also in the university. Small scale experiments are safer in lowering the risk of chemical contact, more environmentally friendly, produce less waste and gain many other benefits. Although several universities are familiar with small scale chemistry and some universities have operated small scale chemistry laboratories successfully, several other universities have not yet adopted these practices, particularly for organic chemistry laboratory.

37p ut_hai_can 29-12-2012 19 2   Download

The metallo-b-lactamase (MBL) GOB-1 was expressed via a T7 expression system in Escherichia coliBL21(DE3). The MBL was purified to homoge-neity and shown to exhibit a broad substrate profile, hydrolyzing all the tested b-lactam compounds efficiently.

12p cosis54 05-01-2013 16 2   Download