BO GIAO DVC VA DAO TAO TRlioNG 141 HQC THANG LONG —o0o-
CHUYEN DE TOT NGHIEP
NGHIEN CiJ'U S1 ANH HUtING CUA CHUAN HANG VA GIAO THit DiNH TUYEN TRONG MANET
: ThS. Hosing Thong Minh : Trio Van Tuin : A14325 : Tin vien thong
Gilo vien htrang din Sinh vien thvc hien Ma sinh vien Chuyen nganh
HA NOI — 2013
BANG THUAT Naos WET TAT •
Chit tieng Viet Chit dAy di
Chit vitt tit
Djnh tuyen theo lien ket Associativity-Based Routing ABR
Bao then Acknowledgement ACK
MANET On-Demand Distance Vector AODV
giao thirc dinh tuyen vector khoang each theo yeu ciu MANET
Diem truy c#p Access point AP
Trim g6c Base station BS
T6c dO bit c6 dinh Constant Bit Rate CBR
Dich Destination DEST
Giao thtic ciu hinh host gong Dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP
Destination sequenced distance vector Djnh tuyen vector khoang ach DSDV
tan tu den dich
Dinh tuyen nguen gong Dynamic source routing DSR
Dynamic MANET On-demand DYMO
Frequency division multiple access FDMA
Da truy cop phin chia theo song
NhOn ding Identifcation Id
Hec vien Id su dien va dien ter IEEE
Institute of electrical and electronics engineers
Trung gian Intermediate IN
Internet protocol IP
Ming cyc be Local area network LAN
Media access control MAC
Dieu khien truy c$p dtemg tuyen
Ming di dOng khong dAy dry MANET Mobile MANET network
Trion Van Tuan -A14325
Eden
Mobile IP
MIP
.
Optimized Link State Routing (cid:9)
OLSR
Dinh tuyin bang thai lien kit eel uu
Personal digital assistant
PDA
May trq ljr ca Sian dung kr di* so
Chat luqng djch Ai
Quality of service
QoS
Remote Procedure Call
RPC
NgutIon
Source
SRC
Dieu khiin ding suit truyen
Transmission power control
TCP
Thai gian sting
Time to Live
TTL
Mang xe cer MANET
Vehicular MANET Network
VANET
Mang khong day cyc 130
Wireless local area network
WLAN
Tr/dn Van Tuan-A14325
MUC LV C
TONG QUAN VE MANET (cid:9) CHIJONG 1. (cid:9) 3 3 1.1 Mir dAu (cid:9)
3 1.2 !Choi niem (cid:9)
5 1.3 DSc Sin (cid:9)
5 1.4 frog dyng (cid:9)
5 Dich Vi4 khan cap (cid:9) 1.4.1 (cid:9)
6 Hof nghi (cid:9) 1.4.2 (cid:9)
7 Home Networking (cid:9) 1.4.3 (cid:9)
7 Mang ca nhan (PAN) (cid:9) 1.4.4 (cid:9)
8 (cid:9) He Mang nhang (embeded system) 1.4.5 (cid:9)
8 (cid:9) Mpg xe ca (vehicular network) 1.4.6 (cid:9)
9 Mang cam &in (sensor network) (cid:9) 1.4.7 (cid:9)
9 1.5 Nhftng thich thtc dti voi MANET (cid:9)
9 Chi phi cho viec su dung tan so (cid:9) 1.5.1 (cid:9)
9 Ca chi truy Map (cid:9) 1.5.2 (cid:9)
10 (cid:9) Dinh tuyin va chuyin Hip gal tin trong MANET 1.5.3 (cid:9)
10 Hieu quci sti dyng nguan nu& (cid:9) 1.5.4 (cid:9)
10 Ric tinh TCP (cid:9) 1.5.5 (cid:9)
11 (cid:9) Chat lticmg dich vy (QoS) 1.5.6 (cid:9)
11 Tinh an toan va bao mdt (cid:9) 1.5.7 (cid:9)
DJNH TUYEN TRONG MANET (cid:9) CHUOrNG 2. (cid:9) 13 13 2.1 Giao they dinh tuytn a diin (cid:9) 13 (cid:9) Dinh tuyin clya tren trong dull lien kit 2.1.1 (cid:9)
14 Dinh tuyin dya tren vector lchoang each (cid:9) 2.1.2 (cid:9)
14 2.2 Giao that dinh tuytn cho MANET (cid:9)
14 Cac yeu cats chung (cid:9) 2.2.1 (cid:9)
17 Phan logi (cid:9) 2.2.2 (cid:9)
17 (cid:9) Dinh tuyin theo bang, dinh tuyin theo yeu cau va dinh tuyin lai 2.2.3 (cid:9)
19 (cid:9) Cau true va phan ba tten trinh dinh tuyin 2.2.4 (cid:9)
Trdn Van Tuan-A 14325
(cid:9) (cid:9) (cid:9) (cid:9)
21 2.3 Optimized link state routing (OLSR) (cid:9)
21 2.3.1 (cid:9)
23 Bdu chpn Multipoint relay (cid:9) Truytin ba ban tin di*J'u khan topo (Topology control) (cid:9) 2.3.2 (cid:9)
23 Tinh toem tuyin (cid:9) 2.3.3 (cid:9)
23 2.4 Dynamic source routing (DSR) (cid:9)
23 Dinh tuyin ngudn (cid:9) 2.4.1 (cid:9)
24 Khom pha tuyin (cid:9) 2.4.2 (cid:9)
26 Duy tri tuyin (cid:9) 2.4.3 (cid:9)
28 2.5 Ad hoc on- demand distance vector routing (AODV) (cid:9)
29 Kham pha tuyin (cid:9) 2.5.1 (cid:9)
30 Thiit lap tuyin during ngwac (cid:9) 2.5.2 (cid:9)
31 Thiit lap tuyezn dyeing thuan (cid:9) 2.5.3 (cid:9)
32 Quin 13i bang dinh tuyin (cid:9) 2.5.4 (cid:9)
33 Cap nhat during &It tuyin (cid:9) 2.5.5 (cid:9)
33 2.6 Dynamic manet on- demand (DYMO) (cid:9)
CHUONG 3. (cid:9) TRONG MO PRONG M3NG MANET (cid:9)
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN BONG 37 37 37 3.1 Thong só Minh gill giao they MANET (cid:9) Thong so dank gia chit luring (cid:9) 3.1.1 (cid:9)
38 Thong so ;rich ban (cid:9) 11.2 (cid:9)
39 40 3.2.1 (cid:9)
40 3.2 Mo hinh di chuyin ma phong MANET (cid:9) Mo hinh di chuyin ngeru nhien (cid:9) MO hinh di chuyin Throng ngifu nhien vol von tac khong dal (cid:9) 3.2.2 (cid:9)
40 MO hinh di chuyin Random Waypoint (cid:9) 3.2.3 (cid:9)
41 MO hinh di chuyin Throng ngeiu nhien (cid:9) 3.2.4 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUVNG CiJA CHUONG 4. (cid:9) AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++ (cid:9)
44 44 4.1 GM thitu chung omnet++ (cid:9)
44 fling quern v*J Omnet++ (cid:9) 4.1.1 (cid:9)
47 Sa dung OMNeT++ (cid:9) 4.1.2 (cid:9)
51 4.2 M6 phi:mg (cid:9)
51 Khai tgo mo phong (cid:9) 4.2.1 (cid:9)
52 Mat so hinh anh mO phang (cid:9) 4.2.2 (cid:9)
Tran Van Tuin-A14325
(cid:9) (cid:9)
55 Kit qua mó phong ofic giao thir Binh tuyin MANET (cid:9) 4.2.3 (cid:9)
57 Dcinh gib va kit huin (cid:9) 4.2.4 (cid:9)
ICET LUAN (cid:9) 58 59 CHVONG 5. (cid:9) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO (cid:9)
Trcin VIM Tucin-A 14325
MIJC LIJC HINH ANH
4
6 Hinh 1.1 sMo hinh mo to khai niem MANET (cid:9) Hinh 1.2 Ung dung cho cac djch vp ldpin cap khi c6 thien tai (cid:9)
6 Hinh 1.3 ling dung trong cac hei nghj (cid:9)
7 With 1.4 Ung dung cho home networking (cid:9)
8
9
15
17
21 Hinh 1.5 fling dung cho mpg cit nhin (cid:9) Hinh 1.6 Ung dung cho mang xe c0 (cid:9) Hinh 2.1 He tqa de ca ban me tit SA tremg MANET (cid:9) Hirsh 2.2 Phan logi cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET (cid:9) Hinh 2.3 Quit trinh phat tan lan ban tin quitng ba (cid:9)
22
24
27 With 2.4 Biu chqn MPR (cid:9) Hinh 2.5 Kham phi tuyen trong DSR (cid:9) Hitt 2.6 Duy tri tuyen, nut C khong the chuyen tiep to A den E qua (cid:9)
31 HIM 2.7 Thiet lop tuyen dtrang di ngtrqc (cid:9)
32 Hinh 2.8 Thiet lop tuyin throng thu$n (cid:9)
34 HIM 2.9 Sv khic nhau gifts AODV vi DYMO (cid:9)
41
41
46 Hitt 3.1 M8 hinh di chuyen Random Waypoint (cid:9) Hinh 3.2 MO hinh di chuyen hating nglu nhien (cid:9) With 4.1 Cie module dan giro vi ket hqp (cid:9)
47
53 HIM 4.2 Cac ket not (cid:9) Hinh 4.3 Qua trinh girl ban tin RREQ curt DYMO (cid:9)
54
54
55 Hinh 4.4 Qui trinh giri ban tin RREP cita DYMO (cid:9) Hinh 4.5 Qua trinh gui gel tin da lieu cua DYMO (cid:9) Hinh 4.6 Qua trinh giri ACK bao nhon ciut DYMO (cid:9)
56
al& (cid:9)
Hinh 4.7 Th8ng Immg dau cu6i - (cid:9)
Man Van Tulin -A14325
LEI NOI DAU
Cling vai str gia tang nhanh chOng ye s6 luqng cling nhu cong nghe ctia cic thiet bj di dOng keo then nhu ciu ctia ngtrai sir dung ding nghe khong day ngiy cling cao va da dung. Vi vay de dip (mg dugs xu the do, mang thong tin khong day ngity nay phii girth vac tang trich Ian han la gill quyet yin de ve Iuu lucmg da phuang lien, toe dO
cao, chit luqng ngiy cling phii tot han.
Song song vai you ciu h6 trq da phuang tien vii chit lucmg dich vti (QoS) dim bio, cfic cong nghe giao tiep kh8ng day khic nhau da xuit hien, MANET la mOt kieu mang thong tin khong day firth hoat. DO IA tip him ctia hai hay nhieu thiet bj duqc trang bi khi nang not mang vi truyen thong khong day. Cic thiet bj de co the giao flip vai cic nut mpg khic ngay lip tirc trong Wing phii sang hay mOt thiet bj khong day khic ben ngoiti vai dieu kien c6 cic not trang gian de chuyen tiep thOng tin tir nut nguOn den nut dich. MANET c6 kha rang tv t6 chat vi thich nghi, !chi da hlnh thanh co the bj gill tan bit cu 10c nio m8 khong can den bit cir sv quirt trj he thOng Mo. MANET c6 nhieu clang khic nhau vi c6 the di chuyen, dung dOc lop hay not mpg. Cic nut mang c6 the phit hien sv c6 met curt cic thiet bi khic trong gill v8 tuyen vi thirc hien sv bit tay can thiet de cho phep truyen thong, chia se thong tin vi dich vv. TopO cfra mpg thong tin thy bien thay doi dOng do cic thiet bj khong bj ring buOc vio mOt vi tri cv the nen viec truy nhep phuang tien tip trang. Giao thirc djnh tuyen phiti giim Iuu luqng dieu khien, don gitin tinh town dubng djnh tuyen. Chinh vi the giao thirc dinh tuyen dOng vai fro quan tang trong von luinh MANET.
Chuyen li tong quan ve ban giao thirc dinh tuyen trong MANET, dinh gii thOng luqng cua cic giao thirc da dva ten cong m8 phOng OMNET-H-. Do thei gian cling nhu trinh dO con han chi, chuyen de kh8ng trinh khoi nhang thieu sat, em rat mong Whin duqc y kien deng gOp tir cac thiy co vi cic ban.
Em xin chart thanh cam an tit Holing Trong Minh, ngtrai da dinh hueng,
huang din vi chi bio em hob thinh chuyen de nay.
HA N0i, thing 7 nom 2013
Sinh Vitt
1
Trion Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
Tribi Van Tulin
TOM TAT CHUYEN DE
MANET la met ding nghe Mu dung trong mang kh8ng day. Cling nghe nay cho phep cat nit mang giao tiep trac tiep veri nhau bang cach sir dung may thu phat vo tuyen ma khong can ce ca sb ha ding c6 djnh. Day li mot dac tnmg rieng coca MANET so yeti cac mang truyen thong train day nhu mang cellular hay mpg LAN khong day khi 6 d6 cac nit giao tiep vOl nhau thong qua tram gec (Base Station). Tuy MANET phai del mat vai met se thtich thirc nhu giai han pham vi truyen din, vin de tram An, mat gel do 161 cluing truyen, sa chuyen dOng cita dm nut mpg lam thay dOi tuyen cluing, sv ring buOc ye bang th8ng vi fling luqng. Giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc sir dung de Itham phi tuyen giffa cac nit giip cho viec giao tiep trong mang de ding han. Mac dfch chinh curt mot giao thirc djnh thy& trong MANET la thitt Ilp tuyen cluing chinh xac va hi'e'u qua giCra cac c. p not. Chuyen de dua ra ding quan ve bent giao thirc djnh tuyen: DYMO, DSR, AODV, OLSR, sir dung cling cu ma phong OMNET++ vi danh gia tre diu cuOi curt cac giao thic nay dva tren cac thong se d#t
ra.
Origin dl gam 5 droning
• Chuang 1: Wing quan ve MANET
• Chuang 2: Dinh tuyen trong MANET • Chuang 3: Thong s6 dimh gia vi m8 hinh chuyen dOng trong mo phong
MANET
• Chuang 4: MO phong va &nth gia thong luqng curt OLSR, AODV, DSR va
DYMO bang OMNET++
• Chuang 5: KM lutin
2
Trim Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
CHUCING 1. TONG QUAN Vt MANET
Chuang nay trinh bay cac khai niem tong quan nit& ve MANET, cac img dyng trong nhieu Huh vcre cutjc song cua MANET. Dting thtri, de cOp den cac thach thirc ma MANET dang phai 461 mot.
1.1 Mit diu
Mang may tinh to lau da ter thank mot phiin khong the thieu d6i veri nhieu
nhu vyt din sting, xa hOi. Tir cac hg thling mang eye bO den he thong mpg town (cid:9) Internet, mang may tinh dim mpi ngutri tren the gieri den gAn nhau hon. MOi ngtan duqc tiep can voi mot ngu6n th8ng tin, tri thirc phong
Xa hOi phat trien, con ngoai von dung kh8ng ngimg, mot ngueri ket noi vao mpg bin cap vet l5/ thi viec di chuyen mem hp se bi han che. Nhu cau clOt ra lit vita ket n6i, vita c6 the di chuyen 6 bit dr tin mot each dun gib. Dieu nay khien cho ngluth cling nghiep mang khong day c6 tiem Ming phat trien mph me.
MANET let mot kieu mang khong day rat linh hoot. N6 11 top hqp elm hai hay nhieu thiet bi doge trang bi khi Ming n6i mang va truyen thong khong day. Cac thiet bi nhu vOy c6 the giao tiep yen tit ca thiet bi mang Ichic ngay kip tut trong dai vo tuyen (yang phit sang, pham vi ma thiet bi mang 46 nhon biet duqc) hay mot thiet bi vo tuyen khic nAm ngotli dai vet' tuyen cua chin vai dieu kien c6 cac node trung gian de chuyen tiep th'Ong tin ter node ngu'6'n den node dich. Thiet bi ho trq MANET da clang va sir dyng kha ph6 bien nhu laptop, dien thoai di dOng Internet. Vi co nhieu uu the vuqt trOi va nhittng thach thirc can gilti quyet, ngity nay MANET da va dang duqc nghien ciru trien khai titbit conga mot s6 ntrac ma ph6 bien la MANET dk biet hau ich trong cac Ung dung nhu khic phyc tham hpa thien nhien, qu6c phong, y te, hOi nghi nen c6 xu huang (mg dyng rung tai tren the giai.
1.2 Kluli nitm
MANET la to hqp cum cac node di dOng duqc ket n6i vtri nhau bing cac lien kit khong day, cac node to do di chuyen nen kien true mang ce the thay 461 lien tic ma khong dy dofin duqc. Moi node mang c6 mot giao dien vo tuyen giao tiep ved cac node mang khac thong qua sang vo tuyen hok hang ngoai. Cac mang nay kitting dung bit cir stir he; trq ca s6 ha tang mang c6 dinh hay chiu str quirt li t#p trung nao. Day la mot dOc diem rieng biet cum MANET so vai cac mang khong day truy'en th6ng: mang chia mang WLAN, trong do cac node (cac thue bao di dung) lien lac veri nhau thong qua
3
tram vo tuyen ca 56.
Triin Viin Tuin-A14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
Ilinh 1.1 sMo hinh mb lib khcii niem MANET
Trong MANET kh8ng ton tai khii niem quirt ly top trung. N6 dim bito mang se khong hi s$p vi truing hqp nit mpg di chuyen ra ngoai khoting truyen din ctia cac nut mong khac. Nut mong co the ra vao bat cu lac nio. Do khoang truyen din dm nut mang lit han cht nen chfing trao deri thong tin bang phuong phap truyen gen tin qua nhieu btrerc (Multihops). De lam duce dieu nay, thi tat ca ale nut mang phai ce khi nang chuyin tiep gen tin den nut mong khic, do voy tat ca cac nut mong trong MANET c6 the hoot dOng nhtr may tram vi router. Nut mong co the bao gam met router va met may tram lien ket yen nhau. MOt router thus hien cac giao thirc dinh tuyen, may tram
di Ong c6 dia chi IP.
MANET cling ci khi niing thqc hien thay dOi ve cAu hinh mang va khic phtic str c6 cua nut mpg thong qua till' tuc cau hinh Ini mpg. Vi du: Neu nut mang rbi Mei mang se gay ra six ceo lien ket, nut mang bi anti huerng ea the yeu au duimg dinh tuyen va van de se duqc giii quyet. Dieu nay se gay ra tre tren mang, tuy nhien yea
nguai sir dung MANET yin hoot dOng binh thuong.
MANET c6 nhieu uu diem cim mong truyen thong vo tuyen thong thutmg: lien ket gifts cac nut mang duqc hinh Wirth ngay khi chimg nim trong khoimg truyen din cim nhau.
4
Tran Van Turin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
1.3 D#c diem
MANET thuimg duqc mo to c6 cau truc mang they dii do stir thay doi vi tri dui cac nut mpg. Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen c6 ca the tv phat hien cac thay d6i ve djnh tuyen thong qua cac thultt town (firth tuyen thong thueng nhu vector Idioang cach vi tang thai cac lien ket. MOt &lc diem !chic cila cac net mang trong MANET: bj ON han ve kha nang dm CPU, X) nher, dung lizong pin va bang thong. Khi niing Itrong sir dung bj gitri han ;coo theo gi6i han ve khi &Mg truyen din. Thiel N truy nhop, men truing vo tuyen cling co cac d#c diem d(ic biet ma ngu&i this& k'e can km tam khi dim ra cac giao they djnh tuyen cho MANET. Vi du: cac lien ket mot chi'eu, no St hien trong trutmg hqp 2 nut mpg c6 cong sulk phat khic nhau nen co khoing truyen din khic nhau, chi cho phip mot nut mpg nghe net mpg Ida. Lien kit mot chieu chi co trong MANET, khong ton tai trong mang ti bao. Sir dung phucmg phip djnh tuyen nhieu buck thi cac nut mang co the tiet kiem duqc Wing luting phit ra.
1.4 (rug dyng
MANET duqc Ong dung cho hOi thio, Ong dung trong quail sv. N6 cling dirge sir dung cho trutmg hqp trien khai ca so ha tang mang la kW) khan. Vi khich hang co the chia se tep tin de lieu o gm bay, sinh vien trao doi thong tin yeti nhau trong tiet hnc... Khi may tinh di dOng giao tiep th8ng qua giao di'en mpg LAN vo tuyein, thi nhom cac may tinh de hlnh thinh MANET, khi de may tinh co the truy tulip Internet,
tai nguyen tren mang filar may in, may scan...
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1.4.1 Dick vg Min dip
Trdn Van TuAn-A 14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
Binh 1.2 Ong dung cho chc dick vy khan dip kid cif thien tai
cin ca Au ket hop cha ate Whin
Bit 14 diu khi cep truerng hop khan *thy ra (cid:9)
vien ciru ha. Gill phi, thong thubng la dung thiet bj v8 tuyen. Tuy nhien, khi co so hg ding bj hang holk kh8ng cbn host dung thl gill phip Ih gl? MANET chink lh chu trit Iii nhanh nhAt va pha hop nhAt. Dieu nay co the kheing nghia v6i khu vtrc ton that nho, tuy nhien voi than hoe thien nhien c6 khu vtrc anh huerng tan phi rang letn, viec lien lac nit quan tong nen MANET tr6 thanh gill phip httu ich.
1.4.2 MY nglei
Trong hOi ngh1, hOi thho an trao 461 thong tin gifts chc dui bieu hap v6i hOi nghj khic. Day la mOt nhu eau lbn trong thin dpi phis trim nhanh vi thong tin nhu hien nay, khi ml gill phip homenetwork chua that so sin sang. Gill phip hien tgi la sir dung clic mpg c6 son cho ate dal bieu them do tuy nhien ne co 40 tre lam, vi du gill phip Mobile IP . VI MANET la gill phip chi& uu the.
HInh L3 ling dung trong ctic h¢i nghi
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Train Van Tucin-A14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
1.4.3 Home Networking
1(0 rang au hien dien caa may tinh xich toy yr] Ong dung klgong day lam nhu au ve home network tang coo. Viec sfr dung ky thuit al* MANET cho phap Chung ur au hinh va hinh thinh mang, diet' nay tien lqi cho ca ngubi khOng that au am hieu ye mpg cling nhu gam thurc chi phi cho xity dung thief ke mpg. Han rata, neu to ce nhu au sir dung may tinh 6 dog so, trutmg huc thi kh6i lirqng thong tin quirt mpg giant xutong ro rat
de r MO ernes
OD Mongol (cid:9) seas11n 1
11/4V Computer 2
Computer .1 toe vssa
PrIntst 1:1
lc\ awn (cid:9)
dtempustalkT. 3
Sin11111.01
Computer
•
ErderteMswent Consoles
Rink 1.4 Ong dung cho home networking
1.4.4 Myng cd Wain (PAN)
6 thtri dpi thong tin till 1 ngubi an mang then nhieu c8ng cu h8 trq cho Ong viec (dien thaii, Palm. . .) khi chang duqc lien kit v6i nhau hlnh thanh mpg a nhan PAN thi a) rang mang lai Mau tien ich han cho ngubi sit dung. PAN Li mpg di gang do con ngubi klgong the ng6i yen melt cht3, tuy nhiin khi kit neoi vai ming PAN khic can trq glop ala MANET.
7 Trim Van Tan -A1432.5 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
Binh 1.5 Ong dm cho wing ai Man
1.4.5 Hi thing nkung (anbetkd system)
Ngly cling c6 nhieu may mac can kit n6i yen nheng vat xung quash Uri then nhu au cos MANET. No c6 the la d6 choi co kith !ging kit a& mpg, twang tic duqc vbi home network de tim kiim (lit lieu ben Internet hock c6 the kit n6i vai din thoai, c6 the dieu chinh volume cutt TV khi c6 cuOc gqi din... dip (mg nhiiu nhu ciu cM
ngueri sil dung.
1.4.6 Ming xe 4 (vehicular network)
VANET (Vehicular MANET Network) goi la mpg xe cO MANET, la he thing
ming khong can co se ha tang, dugs tao thinh tfr oic phuong tien xe c0 luu thong tree
dirtmg. Ch(mg duqc trang bi thiit bi thu phat di c6 the lien lac, chin se vi trap d6i
thong tin vii nhau gieng Whir mat nut trong MANET. Thong tin trao d6i trong ming VANET bao gem thong tin ye luu luvng xe cO, doh trang ket xe, tai nail giro thong, nguy lam can trinh va al nhang djch vy thong thiriong nhu djch vq da phuong lien,
Internet ..
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Triin Vein Tucin-A14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN MANET
Binh 1.6 Ong dung cho wing xe
1.4.7 Mang cdm biin (sensor network)
Mang cam Men khong day la met ung dung then hlnh mkt MANET. Hien nay di c6 nhdmg gain tam ding ice cho sit phit tan kilo man nay, chit yeti li trong gain sit, cong an, tinh bio, kilo c6 hqc, nghien citu dia I. . . Cic bit cim Wen c6 the to kich thtroc nho nhung kha Laing truyin thong va luu tri tuong &Si tot. Trong quail sit di dung nhing may m6c hien dal nhung kich a gin nhu hat bui nen Ai phuong nit khe phit hien vi phi hay chimg.
Trong Huh Arc y te, ale b0 cam bien cho ph6p giant sit lien tuc thong tin lieu chum ire MI song. Trong tong nghe thuc phim, k9 thuot ship cam bien duqc ip dung de gum sit chit Itrqng to the gitip ngin mitt cic sin phim khong chit yeu citu nth tang mirk thou min cho khich hang. Trong ding nghiep, the bit cam biota to the giim xic dinh chit luqng dit tr8ng vi dO im, chimg ding ce the phit hien cic hqp chit kink. Ngoii ra, cic b0 cam Wen ding duqc sus dung rang trong th8ng tin thin ties vi
moi trutmg.
1.5 Nhttng thick thin 661 vet MANET L5.1 C7s1 phi cho vifc drag this se
taw het the MANET this nghiem hien nay du dna tea bang tin ISM. De ngin ngira nhilu, MANET phii host dung qua met so dii phi cu the No d6, duqc cep phit. Ph6 tin khong chi duqc cAp phit vi giim sit chot the ml con cin phai dtrqc frit phi.
1.5.2 Co chi tray nk#p
9
Thin Van Tuitn-A 14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
Khong gitmg nhu mang to bao, trong MANET khong co sir dieu khien tip trung va dOng bo toim cvc. Do d6 cac phucmg phap da truy nh#p truyen thong nhu TDMA vi FDMA khong con thich hop nut Ngosi ra, nhieu giao thirc dieu khien truy nh#p phuong tien MAC (Media Access Control) cling khong giai quyet dirge sir di dOng elm aft mang. Do v#y, cac icy thuot 1#p ljch trinh vi djnh thin de h6 thy QoS gip nhieu kh6
khan.
Trong MANET, do cimg mOt phuong tien truyen thong dirge chia se boi nhieu ben tham gia nen dal tic truy nhkip den kenh chung phai dugc thvc hien theo kieu phan bo nh6 sir h6 trg cua giao thirc MAC. Giao thirc MAC phai tinh den truy nh#p kenh trong khi dOng than phiti tint' duce sq xung dOt vOi cac nut Ian c#n. Do va'y, khi firth toast thiet ki cac giao thirc MAC cho MANET phai tinh den khi riling di chuy'en, van de du cu& An va cac van de lien quan khic.
1.5.3 Dfrth tuyin vd chuyln flip gdi tin trong MANET
13#c tinh dOng cim MANET gay ra sq thay den thtemg xuyen va kh6 dorin try& cua topo mang, lam tang do kh6 va dO phirc tap de djnh tuyen gifts cac nut di dOng. Nhieu giao thirc vi thuot toan djnh tuyen di dirge de xutit cho MANET, thy nhien mai giao thirc lai co mot hart the rieng. Do vf)y, nghien ciru ve cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET la mOt van de rat quan trong.
1.5.4 Hiss cud sir dung nguein nuoi
HAu het cac giao thirc trong mang hien nay khong quan tarn den fieu ton niing lircmg nguon nuoi vi ciic may chic vi ciic b0 tinh tuyen thubng duct gia djnh la tinh va dugc cap nguon tir ngu6n dien chinh. Tuy nhien, cac thiet bi di dOng hau het dugc cap nguon ti nguon nag dOc lip. Kg thulit nguiln nuoi vim thirimg di chin hun so yen ky thuat vi xis ly. Thai gian cap nguon dm pin loyi tot nhu Li-ionh hien nay cling chi ttii da tir 2 den 3 gib (hien nay da co mOt se• laptop co thbi gian sir dung len den 8h, tuy nhien gia thinh van con kha cao). Sv gi6i hart than gian hog dong nhu the mai len tinh can thiet phai bao ten tot nguon nuoi. Difc biet, din yen MANET, do cac this& bi di ding phai thirc hien vai tr6 cim ca he thOng diu can (twang tic ngueri dimg khi thvc hien cac img dung nguai dimg) lim vai tr6 cua mOt he thing trung gian (chuyen tiep gei tin) nen se tieu ton niing lin:mg nguon nuoi mOt cach dang ke, d#c biet la cac nut trung gian.
1.5.5 Dr tittle TCP
10 Trail Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TONG QUAN VE MANET
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) la met giao thirc cutn-cuSi duqc thiet ke phvc vv viec dieu khien nghen va dieu khien luting trong mang. TCP la met giao thirc huffing lien ket nen can c6 met giai doan thiet lop ket not uu tien cho viec truyen dtY lieu. Ket not bi loci be khi viec truyen da lieu hoin think. Val intend hien nay, giao thirc mang IP li phi ket not nen an co met giao thirc truyen din luremg ket not ding tin coy qua met giao thirc mang khong tin coy. Tuy nhien, TCP gii sir ring cic nut trong tuyen la tinh nen viec dieu khien nghen vi dieu khien luting chi duqc thvc hien cic nut ngu6n vi dich.
TCP dip vio viec do dac thin gian thin trinh-RTT (Round Trip Time) vi mirc ton tht gel de ket luon la cif) nghen mach xiy ra trong mang hay khong. TCP kh8ng the phiin biet duqc sq co tinh di Ong vi skr nghen mang. Cic nut chuyen dieing trong met kit not c6 the giy ten thAt gel vi liun cho RTT dii hon. Do voy, an co met so cii lien de bio dim ring giao thirc any& din thvc hien tot ma thong inh larding den thong ligmg truytn thong cu6i-cu6i.
1.5.6 Club lufmg dick vp (QoS)
Khi nang cung cap QoS cua met mang phv thuec vio cic dk tinh ben trong cfia toin be the thinh phin mang, tir cic lien ket truyen phit den tang MAC vi tang mpg. Cic ket not khong day c6 niing hp thip vi hay thay doi, ti le 18i cao. Cic topo mpg Ii deng vi c6 tY le mat goi cao. Cic giao thirc MAC dip tren truy nhOp ngiu nhien khong he toy QoS.
Cic giao thirc MAC QoS giii guy& van de ve xung det phtrang tien, h6 trq truyen thong unicast tin coy, vi cung cap viec dq trey tai nguyen cho cic luu Itripg thou gian thvc trong mei twang kh8ng day phin tin. Riit nhieu cic giao thirc MAC vi cic cii tien dirge de xuat de cung cap viec dim bio QoS cho luu Itopg thed gian thvc trong mei truang khong day phin tin bao gem giao thirc GAMA/PR vi co the xung
det BB.
1.5.7 Tinh an loin vd bdo mkt
11
Tr4n Van Tudn-A14325 (cid:9)
M6i truing vo tuyen trong MANET la "mei ngon bdo be" cho cic cuec dui cong ma° dank do dAc tinh quing bi ciut no. Cic giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET can c6 ho trq tinh nAng xic thvc, mA him de ning cao tinh an toin, hien ntig cua mpg.
TONG QUAN VE MANET
TONG KET
Chuang nay da trinh bay nhang ly thuyet tong quan ve MANET. Trong MANET, topo ming thuang xuyen thay &Si. Do vay, cac giao thfrc djnh tuyen trong MANET can giii quyet stir di chuytn cfia nut, ring buijc rang lugng, bang thong.
Trion Van Tuan-A14325 (cid:9)
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DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
CHUONG 2. DINH TUYEN TRONG MANET
D#c tinh dOng cua MANET gay ra str thay d6i thutong xuyen va kh6 down twee cua topo mpg, lam tang dg kh6 va do. phirc top de djnh tuyen giaa cac nut di &Ong. Nhieu giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc dua ra, toy nhien, chimg van gap phai mOt s6 han chi that djnh. Chucmg nay trinh bay 4 loci giao thee trong MANET: OLSR, AODV, DSR
va DYMO.
2.1 Giao thee djnh tuyin d diin
Hien nay, cac giao thirc djnh tuyen dua ra vei MANET deu dqa tren mOt giao thirc djnh tuyen c6 dien lam thuot town ca ban. Do de, viec tim hien nghien cuu the hoot dOng cc ban dm cac giao thee nay IA het sire can thiet.
Giao thirc c6 dien nhu: djnh tuyen theo vector khoang each, djnh tuyen theo
tong thai lien ket da duqc se clung tir rat lau vi da ter nen rat quen thuOc. Tuy cac giao thee nay chi thich hop cho eau tree mpg firth, hoot dOng hieu qua er MANET c6 toe dO di chuyen thap, cau true mong it thay deti. Ngoiti ra, giao thirc nay hoot (long phv thuOc vAo ban tin dieu Ichien djnh tuyen, nen yeti 56 Itumg nut mong tang, you cau trao d6i gifts cac net mong tang len, thong tin cep nhot djnh tuyen km, chimg se tieu ton bang thong, nting ltrong va CPU. Bei vi hai loci giao thirc djnh tuyen tren duy tri djnh tuyen den tat ca cac nut mong, net khong quan tam nut mong c6 tham gia truyen thong tin trong mong toi moi then diem hay khong. Hon nfta, giao thtic djnh tuyen co dien rang butjc lien ket phai la hai chieu, nen an c6 nhUng cai thien nhAt djnh cho thong tin vo tuyen not chung vi MANET nal rieng.
2.1.1 Dinh tuyin Ara tat hating thdi lien kit
Phucmg phap djnh tuyen dva tren tong thai lien ket dua tren gia dm mei lien ket (cost) va net mong phiti duy tri cau tnic mpg hart chinh vei tham s6 nay. Tham s6 "gia" se duce cap nh(it bang each mai not mong se gin thong tin quang bit mOt each lien tic "gia" cua cac lien ket xuat phat tir ne tai tat ca the nut mong khac sir dung thuot town flooding. Mei net mong khi then duce cac thong tin nay se cep nh(it cau trite mong va sir dung thuot town tim duting di ngiin nhat de chon nut mpg tiep theo cho &rang djnh tuyen den nut mpg khfic. Lien ket c6 the c6 gia khong chink xac do nhieu nguyen nhan nhu tre dtamg truyen, sr phan tach cua mong. . . Cac eau hinh mong thay d61 c6 the hinh thanh djnh tuyen khep kin (loop), toy nhien, dirtmg djnh tuyen kieu nay c6 th6i gian tan toi ngin vi chCmg se hi x6a ngay khi ban tin da di qua
13
toan bo mong.
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DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
2.1.2 Dinh tuyin Ara trill vector Hooting each
Phuang phap nay djnh thy& dqa ten vector khoitng each, ce cei tien ham so v6i phuang phip djnh tuyen dua tren tang the*, lien ket: mtii nut mpg chi giam sat gie dui lien ket xuit phat tir nO, ve khong queng be thong tin den tit ce nut mang; ne giri queng be deu On den nut lien earth thong tin ve khoimg each ngin nhAt tin nut khec trong mang. Nut mang khec khi nhon duce thong tin nay se tinh town Iii bang dinh tuyen thong qua thuk toan tim throng di ngin nhit.
Giao thirc nay hoot dOng hieu qui hon, don glen hon va yeu eau it by nha hit frit hon. Song, ne ce the sinh ra dutmg djnh tuyen 1chap kin ce thbi gian rim t i thay d6i dei non khk nhau, vi bang djnh tuyen c6 the xiy dung tir th8ng tin di ton tai lau qua
tren mang (khong duqc c#p nhk).
2.2 Giao that Malt tuyin cho MANET
2.2.1 Clic yiu ciu cluing
►
Do cac nut trong MANET luon di dung vit c6 nhien d#c tinh khk biet nen khong the ep dung cac giao thk dinh tuyen thong thutmg. Cac MANET thirtmg dirge dfic trtmg bai mOt topo dOng do cac net di chuyen lam thay doi vi tri vitt 19 dm chimg. DOi yen MANET, giao thirc djnh tuyen dOng to ra hieu qui ve phu hqp hon cac phuong phap djnh tuyen dye tren vecto khoeng each vi tang thai lien ket. Thach thirc trong viec thiet ke cac giao thin djnh tuyen le khi 'ing cop nhot duqc mire di dOng ciut nut mang. Chich mire di dOng nay le nguyen nhen lam thay doi thin by eau trim topo dui mang. Mgt not di clOng thutmg bj gitii hart bin kite nking xi! Iy cita CPU, dung ltrqng luu try, cong suit nguen ve dei thong.
M8i trutmg troy cop, moi trutmg v8 tuyen cong co nhOng thuOc firth dkic biet ci
phei chit y khi duet ke cac giao thirc cho MANET. Vi dy cac duong truyen vo Ming. Nhing &Ong truyen nay xuit hien khi hai nut ce tiding det khic nhau ve cho phep chi mOt nut nghe duce nut kia. Nhung chimg cling c6 the xuit hien do nhieu tir min truting xung quanh. Da ch#ng trong mai Huang vo tuyen c6 the gay ra Wing ich cong suit truyen ve tang ich cong suit do mOi quan he can bk hai gifta veng phu sting ve cong suit phat ra. Bing each su dung da chking, cac nut c6 the truyen cac gei tin di sir dung
cong suit ra thip.
Hinh 2.1 M8 to cac true ca ben c6 the sir dung de dOe to m8i throng MANET. True &Au tien le so cac irk trong mang. True thfr hai le tic dO ma tai d6 topo inking thay d6i. True thir ba le tai hru luqng trong mpg. Khi moi twang di chuyen tir gOc
14 Tran Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
Hinh 2.1 He ton da ca ban me ki moi inning MANET
dm 3 trnc, van de djnh tuyen tit nen Ic.h6 khan han. Tang se nut, tang tee do thay dig topo (nghia IA tang filth di dOng ciut nut), hoac tang tai Itru luqng mong muen tren mang la thich thirc dei v6i cac giao thin trong MANET.
You cau dei voi mOt giao thirc djnh tuyen cho MANET la gi? Sau day la mOt se
you cau quan trong:
• Hoot dong phan tan: Giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET phai II giao thirc phan tan yeu cau dO tin c#y cao. Do cat nut 11 di dOng nen giao attic djnh
tuyen t#p trung la khong phe hqp. M8i nut mong phai dii th8ng minh de t4to
cite quytt djnh djnh tuyen ml dung cac net lan
• Khong lap yang: De fling cao chat Itrqng hoot dOng, giao thirc djnh tuyen can dam bito dubng djnh duqc cung cap khong bj lap yang, dieu nay se lam
gram Ian phi bang thong vi cong sat tieu hao cua CPU.
• Sir dung cac sieu (cid:9)
Tat ca cac giao thirc hien cto deu gia djnh rang tic nut di dOng lit c6 ding cac dac firth dua tren ban chat elm mong ttr t6 chirc la tip
hqp tint tic net ngang hang. Mac di► dieu nay c6 the clang trong mOt se
truing hqp, tuy nhien, c6 truing hqp ma 6 de mong ca cac nut c6 bang
thong cao, ngu6n nu8i On djnh, lien ket khong day tee dQ cao han so vol cac nut khac. Cac not nhu v#y duqc gqi II cac sieu nat. Cac mang t‘r t6 chile
trong truing hqp nay thutmg c6 cau frac 2 mac: vimg backbone vit vimg
Than Van Tuetn-A 14325 (cid:9)
15
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
phy. Wing backbone bao g6m cac sidu nut. Them vio d6 cac sieu nut
thuang duqc gia djnh IA c& de di chuyin thiip han cac not thuang de duy tri
su 6n djnh cita backbone. Ctic nut thtrang khong can co quyet djnh djnh
tuyen.
• Hoot dOng dua tren yeu au: Tel thieu hoa phial thong tin dieu khien trong mang, giao thirc djnh tuyen thuOc nhOm djnh tuyen theo yeu cAu co the dap
img duqc dieu nay. NO chi tim dtdmg khi can thiet vi khong quang bi thong
tin dieu khien lien tic.
• Tinh tien phong (proactive): Trong mOt se twang hqp, tre km do host dOng tinh tien
dip ten yen cAu IA khong chip nhon duac. Do d6 phai sit dung (cid:9) phong neu tai nguyen ctia mang (ye m*t giai thong) niun trong khoang cho
phdp.
• H6 trq cac lien ket met chieu: Mai twang vo tuyen ce the la nguyen nhan hinh thanh cac lien ket theo mOt huang. Sir dung kieu lien ket nay va kieu
lien ket hai chieu se ding cao hien nang ciut giao thirc (Unit tuyen.
• Bao met: M6i truang vo tuyen rat de 131 tilt cong, khai thic thong tin, do d6 ma hOa vi chug thuc la cach bito mot thong thutmg nhAt duqc ap dung hien
nay. Win de la viec phan 134 cac kh6a va cac not trong MANET.
Nat mang trong MANET co the IA may tinh xach tay • Bao tom nang (cid:9)
hay loci client nho gqn khk nhtr PDA thtrimg co gi6i hin ve thai gian sir
dung caa pin, nen can c6 chi de cher (standby mode) de tiet kiem nang
luqng. Do do, giao thirc djnh tuyen sir dung an he trq the dO char caa nut
mang.
• Nhieu duang djnh tuyen: Nhim giam se Ian tac dOng do str thay d6i ve cAu tnic mpg va khi nhieu duang djnh tuyen bi nghen. Neu nhu met duang
djnh tuyen khong sir dung duqc ngra thi met duang djnh tuyen khk co the
thay the. Nhu vety, giao thus khang an khai tao lai tha tic tim dtrong.
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DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
• HO trq QoS: Co nhiEu loci QoS can duqc str h6 trq cua cac giao thirc djnh
tuyen, no phi thuOc vim raw dich cogs mang; ching han, 116 trq luu ltrqng
thin gian thqc...
2.2.2 Ph& loci
De so sich vi phan tich cac giao thirc djnh tuyen cho MANET, cac phuong thirc phan loai hqp l5/ 11 rat quan trqng. Cac phuong thirc phan loai giap cho cac nhl nghien cuu vi cac nha this& ke hieu doge nhang dac mrng khic nhau va mOi quan hg gita cac giao thuc. Cac dac trung nay chit yeu lien quan den viec tap him thong tin djnh tuyen, den vai tit ma met nut co the dim nhan trong qui trinh dinh tuyen.
2.2.3 Dinh tuyin theo beteg, 4nIs tuyin Ono yht eiju vd t nh tuyin lai
Met trong nhang phuong thftc ph6 bien nhat de pain loai cac giao fink dinh
tuyen cho mang MANET la clua tren viec thong tin dinh tuyEn dirge tap hqp va doge
duy tri nhu the nao boi cac nut di dOng. Sir ding phuong thirc nay, cac giao thirc Binh
tuyen cho manh MANET doge phan chia nhu With 2.2.
Ciao thee AMY tayia tress MANET
Minh 2.2 Phan loci cac giao Mac djnh tuyin trong MANET
• Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang (table-driven): Trong phuong phip djnh tuyen theo bang, cac node trong mang MANET lien tic dinh gia cac tuyen tot cac node de duy tri tinh Wong thich, cop nhat cfm th8ng tin djnh tuyen. djnh tuyen ngay lop Vi v4y, nits node nguiin co the dua ra molt dtrbng
(cid:9) tire !chi can. Trong cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang, tat ca cac node can duy tri th8ng tin ye cau hinh mpg. Khi eau hinh mang thay riot, cac cop 17 Trap? Van Turin-A 14325
. DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
nhat dirge truyen Ian trong mang nhiim thong bao st ir thay doi. Flau het cac
giao tithe djnh tuyen theo bang deu ke thira vi siza doi dac tinh tucmg thick
tir cac thuot toan chon throng din ngin nhat trong cac mpg hilu tuyen
truyen th6ng. Cac thuat tan (filth tuyen theo bang ducrc sir dung cho cac
node cap nhot trang thai mpg vit duy tri tuyen bit ke c6 hit lucmg hay
khong. Vi v$y, tieu de thong tin de duy tri cau hinh mang d6i veri cac giao
thirc nay thtrimg la 16n. MOt so giao thirc djnh tuyen dien hinh theo bang
trong MANET Giao thirc djnh tuyen khong day WRP (Wireless
Routing Protocol), djnh tuyen vector khoang each tan tu dich DSDV (Destination Sequence Distance Vector), djnh tuyen trang thai ten tin lien ket
OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), djnh tuyen trang thai gee rung
(fisheye (Fisheye State Routing).
• Cfic giao thirc djnh tuyen theo yeu au (on-demand): Trong phurcmg phip
djnh tuyen theo yeu au, cac dtrimg din dirge tim kiem chi khi can thiet,
host dOng tim tuyen bao gom ca tha tic the djnh tuyen. Thu tic tim tuyen
ket thitc khi mOt tuyen khong dirge tim they hoc khong c6 tuyin khi dung
sau khi xac minh tan WO tap holm v1 tuyen. Trong mang MANET, cac tuyen
hoot dung c6 the ngimg do tinh di dOng ciut node.VI vay, thong tin duy tri
tuyen la tOi quan trong d6i yea ac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo yeu au. So veil
cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang, cac giao thirc djnh tuyen then you au
thuang co tieu de trao d6i thong tin djnh tuyen nhO bun. VI voy, ve mat nguyen tic, cac giao thirc nay a kha nang mer tong tot ham d6i v6i ac giao
thirc djnh tuyen theo bang. Tuy nhien, van de Ian nhit ciut cac giao thire
djnh tuyen theo you au la tre" do tim kiem tuyen tram khi chuyen tiep th8ng tin dO. lieu. Vi du ye mOt so giao thirc djnh tuyen theo you cau glint giao
thirc djnh tuyen nguin dOng DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), giao thirc
djnh tuyen vector khoitng each theo yeu au AODV (Ad hoc On- demand
Distance Vector routing) vi giao thin djnh tuyen theo thir to tam thai
TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm).
18 Tran Van Tuan-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
• Cac giao thirc djnh tuyin lai (hybrid) duqc de xuit de ktt hqp uu diem cim 2
logi giao thirc tren va khic phgc cac nhtrqc diem Gila chimg. Thong thuimg,
cac giao thirc lai duqc trien khai trong mpg ci ciu trim phan cap. Cfic giao
thirc dinh tuyen theo bang va theo yeu au duqc trien khai trong cac cap
thich hqp. MOt si vi dv ve giao thirc dinh tuyen lai ghep: giao thirc djnh
tuyen vimg ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol), giao thirc djnh tuyen tong thai
lien ket dua tren vimg ZHLS (Zone-based Hierarchical Link State routing)
va giao thirc djnh tuyen mmig thy bi'en lai HARP (Hybrid Ad hoc Routing
Protocol), v.v...
2.2.4 Ceu Ink vd plain be din &ink 4nk hryin
MOt phuong thirc phan logi khac la dua tren vai tre co the ce cim nut trong ea cher' djnh tuyen. Trong giao thirc dinh tuyen ding 130, tit ca cac nut di (long c6 cling vai tri va chirc Ming. WRP, DSR, AODV va DSDV la nhftng vi dv v'e djnh tuyen ding 130. Ck giao thin nay thuting gia djnh ring ciu tnic mpg la phing. Trong mOt giao thfic djnh tuyen bit ding be, mOt se nut dam nhon vai tr6 quan 19 va eh& nang khk nhau. Thuat toan phan tan duqc sir dung de km chop dm nut (tic biet nay. Trong mOt so truing hqp, cac phuong phap djnh tuyen bit ding 130 gin lien v6i ciu trOc mpg phan clip de de clang t6 chirc vi quail 19 cac nut. Cac giao thirc dinh tuyen bit ding bt) co the duqc phan chia dip tren viec to chirc cac nut di (Jong, chirc Ming dinh tuyen va quart 19 duqc thuc hien nhu the nao. Theo di, cac giao thirc djnh tuyen bit ding 130 trong MANET duqc chia thanh djnh tuyan phan cap theo vimg, dinh tuyen phan cap theo nh6m va djnh tuyen theo nut lei.
Trong cac giao Mire djnh tuyen theo Wmg, cac thuit toan xay dung Wing khk nhau duce trien khai cho viec to chirc nut; vi dv, mOt so thuat town xay dung vimg sir dung thong tin vi tri dja 19. Khai thac hien qua vier phan chia wing se giam duqc ding ke tieu de de duy tri th8ng tin dinh tuyen. Cac nut di dOng trong cimg met Wing biet dtremg den cac nut khac se co chi phi nh6 han so v6i viec duy tri thong tin dinh tuyen ten tat ca cac nut trong Man mpg. MOt s6 nut hogt (long nhu la gateway va dam then truyen thong lien Wing. ZRP va ZHLS la hai giao thin djnh tuyen theo Wing cho MANET.
Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo thorn sir citing thuot Mart xay dung nh6m cho viec bAu chon truing nhem (cluster-head). Cac nut di dOng duce thorn thanh cac thorn,
19 Trim Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
tnrang nh6m d6ng vai trb quan 15, thanh vien va dam nh#n chic nang djnh tuyen. Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR) limOt vi du caa dinh tuyen theo them.
Trong ale giao thirc djnh tuyen theo nut lei, cac not dac biet duqc tv dOng lva chqn de gip thinh 1 backbone trong mpg. Cac nut "backbone" dam nhk cac vai fro dac biet, nhu la xay dung va theo dbi dtrimg djnh tuyen, quang ba g6i tin dft lieu. Core-Extraction Distributed MANET Routing (CEDAR) la min vi du dien hinh cos
lo3i djnh tuyen nay.
2.2.4.1 Khai this cic metric lining cho dinh thy&
Cac metric sir dung cho viec xay dung tuyen duong c6 the duqc sir dung de phan loci cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET. GAn nhu mqi giao thirc djnh tuyen cho MANET sir dung "s6 chking" lam metric. Neu c6 nhieu tuyen duong c6 sin, tuyen nao ce s6 chking nho nhAt se duqc lva chip. Neu tit ca cic lien ket khong day c6 cimg xic suit I6i thi dtrimg djnh tuyen ngAn se On djnh han dui ng djnh tuyen dai va 0 the giam tieu de luu lucmg, giant xung dOt gei tin. Tuy nhien, gia (firth ce cimg xac sulk 16i 0 the khong tin tai trong MANET. Theo d6, str On djnh lien ket phai duqc can nhic trong pha xay clung tuyen &rang. Vi du, Associatively Based Routing (ARB) va Signal-Based Routing (SSR) duqc de xuAt de sir dung str On djnh lien ket va dO mph tin hieu nhu 11 mOt metric cho dinh tuyen.
V6i su ph6 bien cita din toan di dOng, mOt s6 ung dung di dOng ce the co cac yeu cAu QoS khac nhau. De dap img cac you cAu nay, cac metric QoS Wang 1mg len duqc sir dung cho viec djnh tuyen vi chuyin tiep goi tin trong MANET. Giong nhu mpg c6 day, cic giao thirc dinh tuyen QoS cho MANET ce the sir dung cac metric, nhu la bang thong, tre, tre jitter, ti le 16i gel tin va chi phi. Vi du, bang thong va dO 6n dinh lien ket duqc sir dung trong CEDAR lam metric cho viec xay dung tuyen dutmg.
2.2.4.2 iforc luryng topo, dich, vj tri cho djnh tuyen
Trong mOt giao thirc dinh tuyin theo topo cho MANET, cac nut tap hqp thong tin topo mpg cho viec djnh tuyen. Ngoai cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo topo, mOt s6 giao thirc djnh tuyen theo dich duqc de xuAt cho MANET. Trong cac giao thirc nay, mOt nut chi can biet next-hop tren dui ng dinh tuyen khi chuyen tiep gei tin ten dich. Vi du, DSR la giao thirc dinh tuyen theo topo va AODV, DSDV la giao thirc djnh tuyen theo dich. Viec sin ce caa he thAng dinh v1 toll) cAu (GPS) ho#c cac he thting djnh vi ttrcmg ducmg cho phep cac nut di dOng truy nhap thong tin vi tri dia 1S , mOt each a clang. Trong cac giao that djnh tuyen theo vi tri, mei quan he ve vi tri gift cac
20 Tran Van Tucin-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
nut chuyen tiep g6i tin va nut dich, ding v6i sir di chuyen cua nut, c6 the duqc sir dung trong ca quit trinh khiun pha tuyen va chuyen tier) goi tin. Location Aided Routing (LAR) vi Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM) la cac giao thirc dinh tuyen theo vj tri cho MANET.
Sau day la mOt s6 giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc de xtuit cho MANET.
2.3 Optimized link state routing (OLSR)
OLSR la giao thirc dinh tuyen theo bang va la mOt stir ten tru cim giao thirc tying thai lien ket c6 dien, hoin toan thich hqp cho mung di dOng MANET. OLSR tot thieu hoa tieu de dinh tuyen bang each chi sir dung cac not duqc chun de" phat trim Ian luu luqng dieu khien, duqc gui 11 Chuyen tiep da diem MPR (Multipoint Relay). K9 thu$t nay giam thing ke so lucong you au truyen lui de phat trim lan mOt ban tin tai tft ca cac not trong mpg.
2.3.1 Bits chpn Multipoint relay
Hinh 23 Qua trinh phat tran lan bcin tin awing bet
MPR la de t6i thieu hos overhead khi phat thin Ian ban tin trong mung bang caich giam Si, lan truyen lui trong ding mOt vimg. Mtn not trong mung lira chqn mOt top hqp cac not hang x6m trvc tiep ciut ne de lam MPR. Hang xOm coa not A ma khong dim trong tip hqp MPR ciut A c6 the nhOn vi xir ly cac bin tin quing ba nhtmg khong the truyen cac bin tin quang hi nhon duqc dr A.
Tran Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
21
INNH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
Mai nut Iva chon tip hqp MPR tir than hang xOm tnrc tiep (one-hop) caa ne. Tip hqp MPR cua nut A, ki hieu la MPR(A), la tip con caa tip hqp cac hang xOm tnrc tiep dm A, phai thaa man nhung dieu kien sau: mai nut trong hang xOm hai buec (two-hop) caa A phai c6 met lien ket trot tiep den MPR(A). Tip hqp MPR cang nh6 thi tieu de luu Wong dieu khien caa giao thirc djnh tuyen cimg nh6. Mai nut phai duy tri thong tin ve tip hqp hang xOm ma chimg chon lam MPR. T$p hop nay goi la "MPR selector set" dm mat Ma.
Hinh 2.4 Bdu chpn MPR
Trong OLSR, mOi nut truyen bin tin Hello djnh ky (vi dv met giay mat ban tin) tren mOi giao dien caa nat. Mvc dick chinh cua ban tin Hello cho phop mai nut ce the kham pha tuyen tnrc tiep tOi hang x6m caa no. Ban tin Hello dugc quang ba tang chOng met (hop-by-hop) va phiti Icheng dugc truyen truec do. Ban tin Hello bao gam ten caa nut khoi too, hang xOm tnrc tiep ma mit khei to truyen ban tin kham pha, va cac nut ma nut khoi to chon lam MPRs. Khi met nut nghe thAy ban tin Hello, n6 kiem tra lieu ban tin de ce phii dugc phut sinh tir hang xem mei hay khong, va neu dung, nut se cop nhOt vao danh such hang x6m ttuc tiep cita nut. Ban tin Hello rid quan tong trong viec ha trg khai niem MPR. Mai nut kiem tra ban tin Hello thin dugc tir hang xOm caa ne de xem n6 lieu c6 dugc Iva chon lam MPR cua bit kt hang xOm nao Musing. Neu vay, nut se phut tan Ian cac c#p nh#t djnh tuyen dugc phut sinh tir cue hang xOm ma da chon ne la MPR. Mai nut cling c6 the kham phi lieu ck nut c6 la hang xem hai birec tir ban tin Hello, bei vi danh such ck hang xOm hai bulk dA dugc liet ke trong ban tin Hello dm net hang thin trim tiep cua no. Mai nut Iva chon MPR
22
Trcin Van Tuan-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
tren cc so hang xem hai bu6c, do vfty mil hang xem hai butc phai nh#n duqc ban tin
MPR.
2.3.2 Truyin bb bin tin ilidu Hain topo (Topology control)
Ban tin dieu Ichien topo duqc truyen di voi mvc dich cung cap cho m6i net trong mang cac th8ng tin lien ket trang thai day de de cho phdp tinh toan duqc tuyen duang.
2.3.3 rink todn tuyIn
Th8ng tin trang thai lien ket dua ra duqc thvc hien thong qua trao d6i djnh ky cac ban tin, cling giting nhu eau hinh giao dien cea cac not, bang djnh tuyin elm mOi net
co the duce tinh toan.
2.4 Dynamic source routing (DSR)
Giao thee dinh tuyen ngu6n clang DSR la giao tittle dinh tuyen don gian va hieu qua. Giao thee nay duqc thi'et ke de sir ding trong the MANET v8 tuyen da chting c6 the da di chuyen cao cua cac net. Cac net nay ph6i hqp vdi nhau de chuyen fitly the goi tin. Do v#y goi tin co the duce chuyen den cac net khong nom trong vimg phe sang cea chinh net do. Khi cac net trong mpg di chuyen, tham gia hoc rei khoi mang thi toan b0 cac the we djnh tuyen duce )(tic dinh va duy tri mat each tv dOng beci giao thin djnh tuyen DSR.
DSR bao gam 2 cc the cc bitn: Kham pha tuyen (Route Discovery) va Duy tri tuyen (Route Maintenance). Kham pha tuyen va Duy tri tuyen host dOng horin toan
theo you eau.
2.4.1 Dinh tuyin nguin
DSR phat hien vi sir clang cac tuyen ngu6n. Net girl tin se phai nom three toan b0 thOng tin ve trinh tv sip xep dm cite elAing (vi tri the nit) cea mang tai mat not dich. Mtn gel tin duqc djnh tuyEn se mang thong tin ve danh sach cac ching nay trong tieu de. U'u diem quan tong cart the toe dinh tuyen ngulin la the net trung gian khong an phat duy tri viec cap nhk thong tin dinh tuyen ;chi chuyen titp cac gel tin bai vi ban than cac g6i di mang thong tin quytt djnh viec dinh tuyen (danh sach day di cac nit theo trinh tn ma gai phai di qua).
Viec t$p hop thong tin ve topo mang tai net nguon ciut mot gin cho phep not ngulin phan phat cac gei tin met each hieu qua trong mang. Dieu nay rat thich hqp vai viec quan ly tai nguyen trong MANET.
23
Mein Van Tutin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DiNH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
Giao thirc djnh thy& dra ten the tuyen ngu6n con c6 them 2 lqi ich. Thir ni t, giao that c45 the chimg mirth duqc met each don gian tinh Ichong lip yang bei vi tuyen nguian duqc sir dung dieu Mien djnh tuyen the goi. Thir hai, moi fiver' nguen lit met ban ke ski ve met throng truyen cv the, tin coy de truyen the thong tin qua mang.
DSR sir dung cac thy& nguon vi mOi gei duqc djnh my& dva tren met tuyen nguen Icharn phi duce, thy nhien nhUng cai thien gAn day deli yen DSR da cho phip hiu het the goi tin khong phai mang theo phi!' tieu de chira thong tin diry du ve tuyen nguen.
2.4.2 Khans pith tuyin
Kham pha tuyen duce thvc hien bang.each phat bin Ian yeu cau qua mon de tim kiem melt tuyen toi dich nit° db. Trong dung don gian nhit, not nguen A muen kham pha met tuyen tai nut dich D thi A se phat quang bi goi tin Yeu cAu tuyen RREQ va goi nay tiep tuc duqc quang ba beri cac not tnmg gian cho den khi no den dirge not dich D. Trong cu the nay, nhitu t6i tru hos duce sir dung de giOi Nut tin s6 vit phom vi ctia cite Kham phi tuyen.
Khi met nut S muen girl met goi tin den D, dau tien no se at vito phisn tieu de caa goi tin d6 met tuyen ngu6n trong de chi ra thb to ciut cac chin ma g6i tin se phiti di qua. Thong thuang, nut S se dot duet met tuyen nguen thick hop thong qua vies tim kiem trong Be nha tuyen cita n6 the tuyen di biet fru& day. Tuy nhien nets khong tim ditty tuyen nao trong Be nh6 tuyen, ne se khei to alit tut Tim kitm tuyen dOng de tim ra met tuyen ngu6n tai D. Trong hiding bp nay to gqi not S la flat nguen con not D la not dich trong thu tvc Khim pha tuyen.
Trubc khi khei too met g6i tin RREQ, not nguiin chen met nhon clang yeu au
(Request_id) dOt trong g6i tin RREQ. C(Ip
A "A" A "A, B" A "A, B, C" A "A, B, C, D"
I id=2 I id=2 I id=2 I id=2
+
+ + (cid:9)
+ + (cid:9)
+ + (cid:9)
+ (cid:9)
+ + (cid:9)
C I---->1 D I---->1 E I
+ +----+
+ + (cid:9)
B (cid:9) + + (cid:9)
+ + (cid:9)
A (cid:9) + (cid:9)
I
I (cid:9)
I (cid:9)
V V v v
Ifinh 2.5 Kham phci tuyin trong DSR
24
Trion Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
Hilt 2.5 mirth hip qua trinh Kham pha tuyen don gian, nut A co ging khim phi tuyen tai nut E. De kheri dau Kham phi tuyen, A truyen met tin bao RREQ. M6i tin bao RREQ than dang not nguan vi dich cita Khim phi tuyen. Nhan don yeu cau duqc xac djnh boi nut nguen ciut Yeu au. Met RREQ bao gem met ban ghi danh sach dia chi ctia tong nut trong gian ma tin bao RREQ da di qua. Gil tri ban du ctia ban ghi tuyen la met danh &etch tong.
Khi met nut nhan duqc ban tin RREQ nay (vi du nhu not B trong vi du), neu no la dich ciut Kham phi tuyen, no se giri loi ban tin Tra leri tuyen RREP tai kheri to cita Kham phi tuyen, chuyen ban copy ciut ban ghi tuyen duqc Ong den tir RREQ; khi nut nguon Tilton duqc RREP, n6 cat gift tuyen nay trong Be rifles tuyen a sir dung khi girl cac goi tin tiep theo tai dfch nay.
Mot khic, nett met nut nhon RREQ ma da then duqc met ban tin RREQ khic tir nut nguen, mang theo nhihtg nhan dong yeu du va dia chi dich giemg nhau hok neu dia chi rieng cita nut nay da nim trong bao do tuyen dui RREQ, n6 se tir chei You cau. Neu Ming, nut nay se gin dia chi rieng cita n6 vao ban ghi tuyen trong ban tin RREQ va tiep tic quang bi net. Trong vi du, nut B se quang ba ban tin RREQ, no se duqc than 6 nut C, nut C va nth D ding voy, ne se broadcast Yeu cau, ket qua la copy dui You du se duqc nhan beri nut E.
Trong viec ban tin RREP ter 10 nut nguen trong the tuc Kham phi tuyen, citing hon nut E tra liri not A trong hinh 2.5, nut E se kiem tra Be nher tuyen ciut no xem lieu co met tuyen ngtrqc vat nut A, va neu tim duqc no se sir chmg tuyen nay lam tuyen nguen de phan phat cac goi tin bao gem ca gel RREP. Neu khong tim duqc met tuyen nguqc trer 10 A, E co the thuc hien thit tuc Kham phi tuyen tir no tai A. De tranh khit nang quay loi vo han co the cita dc Khim phi tuyen, no se chen ban tin RREP vao chinh ban tin RREQ cita n6 del ved nut A. Sir dung co chat nay n6 ding co kha nitng cOng theo cac goi dO lieu nho khic vi du nhu gei TCP SYN tren met ban tin RREQ. Nut E con c6 the dao vi tri sip xep ciut cac cheng trong ban ghi tuyen vi sir dung tuyen da dao vi tri nay nhu met tuyen nguen del veri cac gei tin mang ban tin RREP ciut chinh nO.
Khi kheri too met Kham phi tuyen, nut dang giri se gift loi ban sao ctia pi% tin ban tau trong be nher dem nOi be (Send Buffer) gqi la bi) dem girl. Ngoai ra Send Buffer dm chira cac ban sao dut cac goi tin kh8ng truyen di &Km do chua tim ra met tuyen nguen teri dich. MOi goi trong Send Buffer duchy gan cho met than uteri gian chi ra thin gian chimg ton tai trong Buffer va goi tin se bj teal be sau khi thin gian luu loi trong 25 Trein Van Tufin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
Send Buffer qua han; de Send Buffer khong bj trim, ki thuOt FIFO hoac ki thujt Wang ducmg !chic ce the ducat sir ding de truyen cic g6i tin d6 di fru& khi chin het han.
Trong truemg hop gig tin con Itru lot trong Send Buffer ma chua truyen di duqc thi thinh thoang nut mpg loi thiet lop mai tha We Khitm phi tuyen thy theo dja chi dich cita cic gel Tuy nhien, tan suit khai too cic Kham phi tuyen mdi can phai duqc giai han do ce the xay ra truing hop dich cita thit ttic khiti too tuyEn dif thay va khong the tai duqc. Tren thvc ter', do gi6i han ve phom vi truyen din vo tuyen va sv di chuyen elm cic nut trong mang nen nhieu khi eau frac mang bi phan manh, nghia la khong c6 dui tv sap xep dm cic chAng ma qua do gOi tin duqc chuyen tiep tai dich. Kieu phin mitnh nhu voy co the hiem gip hoac phi') Bien thy thuOc vao kieu di chuyen va mot dO ciut cic nut trong mong.
Trong thaw hqp vii mai gOi tin, mOt this tve Kham phi tuyen duqc khai too thi mOt so 16n the gOi RREQ khong frau ich duqc truyen tir nut nay tai tat ca cic nut khac trong mang. De giam phan phv trOi tieu de do cic Khiun phi tuyEn tree ngtr&i to phai gidi han tan mat Bei too cic Khim phi tuyen tir mot nth bat ki den cimg mOt dich. Nat chi duqc phep khai too Khim phi tuyen mai sau khi dqi het khoang then gian t6i thieu can thiet de co the thiet Icy thu tvc Kham phi tuyen mai.
Tir ket qua cos viOc kiem tra ban sao the tuyen nguan ghi duqc, thuot toan Khim phi tuyen dit ngAn chOn duqc viOc cic RREQ trong mong. DO la mOt thuOc tinh hieu chinh quan tong va lit nguyen nhan too ra thuOc tinh khong lip yang cita DSR. Sir dtmg cic nh(in (long yeu cAu la mOt tOi uu don giin khi de cic RREQ ban dill' triti rung hudng ra phia ngoai so vii not nguOn va rut bat sit the gOi RREQ bao quanh lx) khai too.
2.4.3 Duy tri tuyin
26 Trion Van Twin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
E
D
ROUTE ERROR
ROUTE ERROR a (cid:9)
a ROUTE ERROR
CDD
(cid:9)
ACK
ACK
Hinh 2.6 Duy tri tuyin, nat C khong thi chuyin step sir A din E qua
lien kit tea buck nhay slip theo D cua no
Khi gin hoitc chuyen tiep mot geoi tin tai dich D nao d6 su dung tuyen nguon, mai nut se co nhiem vg giam sat va khing dinh rang goi tin d6 di den duce ch•ng tiep theo tren tuyen ngulin hay chua; gei tin se duqc truyen liti (sau mot sit lin cho phep) cho tai khi nut nay nhfut duqc khing dinh rang no dA den duqc nut tiep theo. Vi dg truang hqp duqc minh hqa trong hinh 2.6: nut A girl mOt gei tin tai E sir dung mOt tuyen nguon th6ng qua the nut trung gian B, C vi D. Trong trubng hqp nay nut A chill trach nhiem ve viec nhon gei tin a not B, nut B chju trach nhiem viec nhon g6i tin a nut C, nut C Igi chju trach nhiem ve viec nh#n gei tin a nut D, vi tin nhu the den nut Si cling nut D phiti chju trach nhiem ve viec nh#n gen tin 6 net E. Trong nhieu twang hqp khing dinh viec nhOrt gei tin kh8ng inh htemg gi d6i Arai giao thirc DSR do thuc to day la met phAn cua cac thin tuc lap MAC.
Neu ca the nay kh6ng ton tai vi sin co a cac nut thi khi d6 nut gin tin se dimg mOt bit th8ng tin trong phan tieu de cfia gel tin de you au mOt phtic dip tir not tiep theo th6ng qua phAn mem d#c biet trong DSR. Thong thu?Ing phtic dip qua phAn mem nay duqc truyen trvc tiep ten nut girl tin. Tuy nhien neu dubng lien kit gitta hai nut lit lien kit don htrang thi phitc dip nay co the phai di qua at nhieu chang khic nhau de quay lai not gin tin
Neu gal tin duqc truyen Igi qua mOt s6 chOng va vtrqt qua s .0 1A'n cvc dai cho phep ma van chua nh#n duqc khing dinh tir nut tiep theo, nut nay se gin ban tin brio 16i tuyen RERR quay ter Igi net di gin ban tin ban ditu de xic minh tuyen bi loi tin nut nao. Vi dg trong hinh 2.6 tren : neu nut C khong the truyen tin din nut D tiep theo, C se girl ban tin RERR ve nut A va ttr?mg trinh ring tuyen tir C den 13 bi dirt. Khi de A 27 Than Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
se xoa duang lien ket bj thi nay khei b0 nha tuyen cita no. Viec truyen lui bin tin ban tau bay gia la nhiem Ng' vi chirc ning cM cic thu kw lap cao han nhu TCP. Trong twang hqp phii girl Iii gel tin tai chinh dich E vi neu trong hi) nha tuyen cita nut A co met tuyen khic tai E (vi du tir cac bin tin tri IM tuyen tir cic thit tic khan phi tuyen truerc d6 hoic la tir viec nghe 16m duqc the th8ng tin djnh tuyen tir cic ged tin khic) thi no se giri ngay gen tin sa dung tuyen mai do. Neu kh8ng no se thuc hien mOt this tic khim phi tuyen mai tai dich E nal tren
2.5 Ad hoc on- demand distance vector routing (AODV)
AODV cho phep djnh tuyen nhieu buck gifts the nut mung de thiet lop vi duy tri MANET. AODV dip tren thuit town vector khoing each nhung thuOc lo3i djnh thy& theo you ciu, no chi yeu cau &rang djnh tuyen khi can thiet. Thuit toin djnh tuyen AODV khi phi hqp cho au hinh mang dOng. AODV dint is cac tuyen khong 1:4 lip ngay ca khi no dang sira cic lien ket 16i. Bai vi giao thirc nay khong you au quing bi tuyen djnh ky tren thin mpg, nen yeu ciu toin be bang th8ng co sin cho mOt nut di dOng thuc chit lit thip han so veil cic giao thirc khic, nhang giao thirc yeu ciu quing
bi.
AODV sir dung lien ket Qs& ximg gifts the hing xam. G6i tin kb:sing di theo tuyen dubng gifts de nut khi mOt trong nhang not de khong nghe duqc tir cite mit khic. Nhang nut khong nim tren cac tuyen duerng hoot dOng; chting se khong duy tri bit al th8ng tin djnh tuyen nio cling nhu khong tham gia vio bit ky su trao deoi bang djnh tuyen djnh ky nio. Han naa, meat nut khong phii khim phi vi duy tri mOt tuyen tai nut khic cho tai khi hai nut an giao tiep yeti nhau, trir khi nut do thing vai fro nhu mOt tram chuyen tiep trung gian de duy tri ket not giita hai nut khic . Khi mot ket nos cac be dm nut di dOng dirge thiet lip, mai nut co the nhon thiy cac nut khic trong vimg Ian con ciut no bAng mOt vii ki thuit, bao Own quing bi cue be cic ban tin Hello. Bing djnh tuyen ciut cac not trong yang lin On duqc tuo ra toi uu thiti gian dip img Uri vai su di chuyen cac N.) vi cung cap then gian dap img nhanh cho the yeu au thitt lop tuyen mai.
Ate tieu chant caa thuit toin AODV:
• Giri broadcast the gei tin khim phi tuyen khi an thiet. • Phan biet gifta phit hien-quin 19 ket not cac be trong Wing lin con vai duy tri
topo mpg chung.
28 Trein Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
• Quang ba thong tin ve su thay d6i ket n6i cpc b0 tai cac nut hang x6m ma thuc
su an thong tin.
AODV sir dung mOt ca the Itham phi tuyen yea su chi bien ciut thuAt toan DSR. Thay vi djnh tuyin ngu6n, AODV tin ttremg vao sq thiet lop dOng cac entry trong Bang djnh tuyen a cac nut trung gian.
AODV sir dung s6 thir tit a nut mang dich de &op cho tuyen du?mg lain cop nhOt va khong hlnh thanh dtrimg djnh tuy6'n khtp kin. Han n&a, AODV cling h6 trq djnh tuyen multicast va giai (my& duce yin de dem via hgn trong thu#t tofu) Bellman Ford.
2.5.1 flat pith tuyin
Qua trinh ICham phi tuyen duqc Icheri tao bit cir khi nao mOt nut ngulin mu6n giao tiep v6i cac nut mang khac nhung no l3i kW:mg co th8ng tin djnh tuyEn trong Bang djnh tuy6n cua no. Mai nut duy tri hai b0 dem: s6 thir tq nut va broadcast ID. Nut ngu6n kheri tao Kham phi tuyen bing cach quiing ba gal tin RREQ toi hang x6m dm no.
RREQ chira cac truang sau:
hop_cnt>
Trong do:
source_addr: dia chi ngu6n
source sequence: s6 thir ur ngu6n
broadcast_id: dinh danh cua RREQ
dest_addr: dia chi dich
dest sequence: s6 thir tu dich
hop_cnt : 56 chang
C#p duce xic dinh duy nhit Arai m6i ban tin
RREQ. broadcast_id duqc ting len khi nut ngu6n kheri tao mot RREQ meri. Mai nut
hang )(am khi nhan duqc ban tin RREQ se giri lai mOt bim tin RREP tai nut ngu6n neu
no biet mOt tuyen tai dich, hoc tiep tuc quang ba ban tin RREQ toi not hang x6m sau
khi tin hop_cnt. Chu y ring miSi nut co the nhon duqc nhieu ban sao cua cimg mOt
RREQ tir cac hang x6m. Khi mOt nut trung gian nhon duqc mot RREQ, neu no di
29
Trait Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
nhin RREQ voi cang broadcast_id vi dia chi dich, nO se loii b6 RREQ do vi kheng
chuyen tier) gei tin de naa. Neu met nut khong the dip img duqc RREQ, no se theo
dOi cic thong tin sau de thiet lip tuyen dubng nguqc cling filer thiet lip tuyen dubng
thuin de (kith cho vier truyen gel tin RREP.
• Dia chi IP dich
• Dia chi IP nguin
• Broadcast ID
• Thai gian het han ciut entry tuyen dubng nguqc
• S6 the tit cua net nguin
2.5.2 That lip tuyin dwang ngupt
CO hai s6 the to duqc chira trong met bin tin RREQ: s6 thir to nguan vi s6 thir
to dich cu6i cimg duqc hi& boi ngu6n. SO the ttr nguin duqc sir dung de duy tri thong
tin mei ve tuyen dubng nguqc tOi nguin, vi s6 the to dich chi ra ring tuyen dubng teri
dich phii men nhu the nio de ne co the duqc chip nhon beri nguin. Khi ban tin RREQ
duqc girl tir nut ngu6n toi cic net dich khic nhau, no se ttr ding thiet lip cic tuyin
dubng nguqc tir tit ci cic nut d6 tel net nguin. De thiet lop tuyen throng ngunt, mOi
net phii ghi 13i dia chi ciut hing xom mi tir de no nhin duce bin sao diu den ale
RREQ. Cic entry tuyen dubng nguqc duqc duy tri trong khoing thin gian vim de de
bin tin RREQ co the truyen tren mang vi tri lbi 131 tel nut girl.
Trein Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
30
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
D
..........
i
S ii (cid:9)
•••
oft
•, (cid:9)
•
Minh 2.7 Thilt 14p tuyin dttemg di ngtipc
2.5.3 Thih l(Ip tuyin &Ong Mu&
Cu6i cling, ban tin RREQ s8 den duqc mOt nut biet duqc tuyen tai not dich. Diu
tien, nut nhin duqc ban tin RREQ se kiem tra de chic chin ring ban tin RREQ di
duqc Win tren met lien ket hai chieu. Neu mOt not trung gian co mOt entry tuyen ten
dich yeu ciu, no so sanh se thfriu dich trong entry tuyen cila chinh no vai so thin tkr
dich trong ban tin RREQ de xac dinh xem tuyen do co dung duqc hay khong. Neu so
thin tlr dich trong ban tin RREQ Ian han, nut trung gian se khong sir dung tuyen trong
bang entry tuyen cum no de dap ling RREQ. Khi do, flat trung gian se tiep tuc quang ba
RREQ. Cac nut trung gian chi Ira 16i khi s6 thir to dich trong bang entry cila no len
ham so vai trong bin tin RREQ. Neu nut Ming gian co met tuyen hien hanh tel nut
dich va nen ban tin RREQ nay chua duqc futon truck do, nut se geri unicast mOt ban tin
RREP tai hang x6m ma tit de no nhan duqc RREQ.
MOt ban tin RREP chira cac thong tin sau:
Tran Van Tulin-A14325 (cid:9)
Trong khi met pal tin quang ba tel mOt nut co tuyen tel dich, mOt tuyen dubng
ngtrqc duqc thief Ilip toi nut ngu6n ctia goi tin RREQ. Khi RREP fret 10i not ngu'611,
mai nut dqc theo tuyen dtremg thiet lop met con tra thuan tel nut ma tit d6 RREP den,
cap nhat thong tin timeout cho cac entry tel nut ngu6n va not dich, ghi lai s6 thin tu
dich mai nhit cho tuyen duqc yeu eau. Thiet lop tuyen duang thuan khi RREP tin not
31
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
dich D ten nut nguein S. Net khong nim tren tuyen duce xac djnh bed RREP se het han
sau ACTIVE ROUTE_TIMEOUT (3000ms) va se x6a con tro nguqc.
D
.
I
S
Hinh 2.8 Thiit hrip tuyin duemg thu4n
MOt net nhan RREP se truyen RREP dau tien ve nut ngu'on. Neu met nit nhan
nhieu hon met RREP, net se cap nhat thong tin djnh tuyen cua no va truyen RREP chi
khi RREP c6 so thin ti,r dich lem han hoac bang RREP truOc de yen met se chAng nhc)
hat. NO se loai be) het cac RREP khitc ma ne than duce. Dieu nay giarn s6 luqng ban
tin RREP truyen teri net nguon long then dam bito ring thong tin djnh tuyen lit nhanh
va mei that. NUt ngulin co the truyen dtt lieu ngay sau khi titian duqc RREP dau tien
va sau de ce the cap nhat thong tin dinh tuyen neu no bac duce met tuyen mai tot hon.
2.5.4 Qudn II bang grin tuyIn
Gin lien yeti cac entry tuyen &Ong nguqc la met be dem then gian, duqc gqi la
"be dem thin gian het han RREQ". Mac dich ctia N dem theri gian nay li de thank toe
nhitng entry tuyen dubng nguqc tir nhitng net khong nfim tren tuyen duemg tir nguen
dich.
Thai gian het han phµ thutic vim kich thuOc ctia MANET. MOt thong se quan
tong khac gin ved entry djnh tuyen lit thin gian timeout cum citc tuyen dang duqc luu
gift, hay then gian ma sau de tuyen dui:mg nay coi nhtr het hieu Iye. Trong mtii entry
Bang djnh tuyen, dja chi cilia nut hang xOm ma gen tin di qua de den dich cling duqc
duy tri. MOt net duqc coi IA host dOng den vOi dich do khi no tao ra hay chuyen tiep it
32
Trion Van Tutin-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
'that mOt gel tin tai dich do trong khoang thEri gian timeout. Thong tin nay duqc duy tri
de tat ca cac nut nguan c6 the duqc thong bio khi c6 mOt lien ket bi dirt. Mil nut duy
tri mOt entry cho moi dich can den. Mai entry chi:a cac th6ng tin sau:
- Dich
Next hop
S6 chang
S6 this ty dich
Cac hang )(Om can host dOng cho dich do
Thai gian het hart cho entry bang djnh tuyen
Mai khi mOt entry tuyen duqc dung de truyen gei tin du lieu tir ngutin toi dich,
timeout cho entry do se duqc reset tai thai gian hien tai cong them timeout. Neu meat
tuyen moi duqc you cau cho mOt nut di dOng, cac nut di dOng so simh so this ty dich
cua tuyen moi yeti tuyen hien tai. Neu so this to tuyen moi cao ham, no se duct chon,
nail bang nhau thi tuyen moi se duqc chop khi c6 metric nho han (s6 chang it han) toi
dich.
2.5.5 CO nit& &tang djnh tuyin
Khi mOt net mang phat hien dtrong djnh tuyen den nut ben canh khong host
dOng, no se x6a trong bang djnh tuyen va giri mOt ban tin Lien ket hong RERR.
AODV sir dung danh sach nut mpg ben quill con hoot dOng di ghi nit nut mang
dang sir dung dttng djnh tuyen trong bang dinh tuyen. Nut mang nhan duqc ban tin
nay cling se lap lai qua trinh giri ban tin. Cuoi cling ban tin cling den duqc girl den tat
ca nut mang di lien quan, tir do chimg c6 the dimg viec girl thong tin hoac yeu eau
du?mg djnh tuyen mei thong qua ban tin RREQ.
2.6 Dynamic manet on- demand (DYMO)
DYMO IA giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang min nhat, hien van dang duqc phat
trien boi MANET trong IETF. DYMO c6 the coi la sy ket hqp cua AODV va DSR.
Muc tieu cua no la thiet ke don gian, giam thieu you au he thong, don gian hem viec
thyc thi giao thtic. Meat mat, DYMO cling sir dyng s6 this ti,r de dam bao tranh lap
tuyen, mat khac, DYMO dua ra cac dac tinh mei nhu la thyc hien tinh toan tuyen
dutmg. Ben canh thong tin tuyen throng ve mOt myc tieu duqc yeu au, mOt nut cling
duqc thOng tin ve tat ca cac nut trong gian clam tren mOt tuyen dtrong mai kham
pha duqc. Day la mOt khic biet co ban gigra DYMO va AODV, trong do thi AODV chi
33
Trion Van Tulin-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
tao ra entry bang djnh tuyen cho nut dich va nut next-hop, con DYMO thi Itru trfr
tuyen throng cho mOi nut trung gian. Dieu nay duqc the hien qua hinh 2.9.
AODV
DYMO
Rink 2.9 Su khdc nhau gitta AODV va DYMO
Khi sir dying AODV, mot nut A chi biet &Ong ten B va D sau khi You eau tuyen
duce dap (mg. Trong DYMO, nit A cimg biet a duang ten C. DYMO co the thiet lop
ve duy tri cac tuyen duang unicast trong cac kjch ban mang 11Pv4 va IPv6 bing cach sir
clang ca the sau:
• Nhim phat hien mot tuyen men den mot nit dich, mot nit gin mot ban tin You
au tuyen RREQ tai tit ca hang Vim trong pham vi truyen sing cita no. Dieu
nay cling nhOn duqc bing cach girl bitn tin ten 1 dja chi multicast cvc bo rieng.
Khi mot nit trung gian nhon duqc mot RREQ no thiet lop tuyen dtrimg ten tit a
cac nut ma g6i tin de di qua. Sau di nit se gin (ha chi ciut chinh no vim ban tin
va truyen ban tin tai tat ca cac nut Ian an. Bing cach nay thi RREQ duqc
quang be mot each hileu qua ten mang va cuoi cling lit den dich cern no.
• Dich dap ling RREQ bing cach giri unicast mot ben tin Tra loi RREP tr .& ve nit
ma no ma tir do no nhOn duqc RREQ. Cling nhtr trong qua trinh quang ba
RREQ, nit nay lai gin dja chi cis no va ghi chi tit ca ac thong tin djnh tuyen
co trong RREP. Cling voi th8ng tin djnh tuyen a co duqc fru& do khi chuyen
flip RREQ tuang ling, nit trung gian co kha Wing giri RREP tra ve nit nguen
cua RREQ. Nit nay cling se biet ducm tuytn du?mg ten nit dich duqc yeu au,
cling nhu la clueing teri mqi not trung gian, va nguqc lai.
34
Trim Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
35
Met nut trung gian ding c6 the too ra RREP neu nhu no hitt tuyen dutmg tai
dich. DE phan img tot vtri mpg co mirc dO di chuyen cao, cac lien ket tren tuyen
dutmg da biet &Km co the duqc theo doi, bang each sir dung giao thirc nhOn Met hang
xOm (Neighboehood Discovery Protocol) ho#c kitm tra phan hoNi Tilton duqc a tang
data link. MOt he thiing ding co the Iva chip khong b#t firth nang theo dbi, dun gian
chi x6a cac tuyen kh8ng con hoot dOng. Khi !net nut phat hien lien ket 161, no se gni
met bin tin RERR de th8ng bao c6 tit ca cac nut Ian con, thong bio cho chimg biet ve
tat ca cac tuyen di dirt.
Triin Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
TONG KET
Qua viec nghie'n ciru mOt s6 giao that trong MANET to c6 the thAy rang chua c6
giao that nio c6 dAy dpi cac tinh 'tang va kh8ng the khing dinh giao thac nao la thi uu
cho MANET. Tuy ration, chac nAng chinh cua cat giao thtic la tun duct throng di tei
dich, kh8ng phai dutmg ngAn nhat hay dubng t6i uu nhAt duct dap Ong.
36 Tr an Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUAN DONG MANET
CHUONG 3. THONG SO DANN GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN HONG
THONG MO PHONG M4NG MANET
Nhu da trinh bay 6 chtrang 2, giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET deu tap trung
giii quyet van de vi khai niem (Ric trung cuff mei trueng vo tuyen. Nhung giao thirc
nit° lit tot nhit, phi hqp nhat? NO phi) thuOc vao ciu tic vi thuOc tinh eta mpg, mot
dO nut mang, mut dO di chuyen dm nit mang, kick cb m8i trueng, kieu di chuyen ctia
cac nut ming...
3.1 Thong so Minh gia giao thee MANET
C6 hai thong sit de dinh gii: thong so dinh gii chit lugng vi thong so kjch bin.
3.1.1 Thfing sA think gill chit luting
Clic thong sO nay dugc se din de dua ra chinh xac nhftng gi xity ra trong qui
trinh m8 phang va cung cap cac thong tin c6 gia tri ve cac giao thirc djnh tuyen. Do
do, n6 danh dugc nhieu su quan tarn khi nghien min giao thirc djnh tuyen m8 phi:mg.
3.1.1.1 TS, le gni nh$n dirge
Dinh nghia: TS/ ig gti nh$n dugc R D la tjt giaa sO goi nhen dugc bin nit dich
(PR) va sO gti dugc giri di tir 16p img dung cis nut nguan (PO-
RD = PR /PS (CT 3. 1)
giao thirc djnh tuyen host Ong tot phai co gii tri RD cao do kha Wing
ton ding bang thong vo tuyen la rat quan Wing. Thong so nay phan anh tj/ Ig goi tin bj
mat, mat dO hoan chinh vi dung din cita giao thec djnh tuyen.
3.1.1.2 Tri tir din cuii din du cu6i
Dinh ngida: Tre tir dAu cuOi an du cuoi Ia thei gian ma gti tin truyen tat mang
tir not ngueon den nit dich. NO bao gtm nhieu gia tri nho tren mang: tre bO dem, tre
chuyen tiep gti tin 6 nut trung gian, tre truyen din vi thei gian de truyen lai gti tin
(trong trueng hqp g6i tin bj mat). CO the tinh thei gian tre then hai cach:
Idea), = Tm — T a,„d (CT 3.2)
Hoc: Today = T buffer + Trebly + TPrep + Tresend (CT 3.3)
nghia: Trong man gin vo tuyen khong co QoS thi gia trj tre phu thuOc vao
giao thirc djnh tuyin. Met thong so quan Wing Ia thtri gian tre trong be OM, tic Ia gti
tin dugc luu gift trong bO am khi chua c6 dubng dinh tuyen an dich Wu& khi bj htly.
Neu nhu nit mang dot thin gian 16n thi it gel tin tren mang bi hity, nhung cling co
37
Trdn Van Tuan-A14325 (cid:9)
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO H1NH CHUYEN BONG MANET
Dinh nghia: thong luqng 11 ti le giga s6 gni tin dg lieu duqc truyen tren met don
nghia tre trung binh trong mpg cling tang len. Va ngtrei thiet ke hg th6ng se quyet
dinh: ty le gni hay be thlip hay thin gian tre, dieu nay lien quan den gia tri tre dau cu6i
den du cu6i.
3.1.1.3 Thong hriyng ter din cu6i den din cu6i
vi thei gian.
nghia: Khi bang thong sin co ten mong di biet, thi trong mo phong bang
thong thin sir c6 dirge IA bao nhieu? Th8ng s6 thong luqng T se cho biet bang th8ng
thuc sir khi mo phong vi co the cho they sq hieu qua cue giao thirc djnh tuyen o mire
de nao. Khi thong luqng trung binh cao nghia la bang thong dinti cho dinh tuyen la it,
khi d6 giao thirc dinh tuyen hoot dOng Mt.
3.1.1.4 Phin tai thong tin djnh tuyin
Dinh nghia: la ti le gifts gin tin djnh tuyen duqc giri di veri s6 gni der lieu duqc
giri tai dich.
nghia: TM thong tin dinh tuyen la met thong so quan trim veri MANET, no
cling cho biet hieu Wing se dung bang thong cira giao thirc dinh tuyen: bao nhieu bang
th8ng duqc sir dung cho ban tin djnh tuyen, bao nhieu bang thong dugc sir dung cho
cac g6i tin dit lieu. Phan tai djnh tuyen tong giao thee djnh tuyen theo yeu au thong
thirong IA len do n6 phai girl ban tin cop nhOt dinh Icy ten tom mpg. Truong hqp 15 ,
tuyen, chi et' gni tin dg lieu duqc truyen ten m(mg; tuy
twang la kheing c6 ban tin djnh
nhien, neu kh8ng co giao thee djnh tuyen thi Ichong the trier khai thqc M.
3.1.2 Thong si kich bon
Cac thong s6 kjch ban duqc tinh toim tir de lieu du van cue m8 phong, hale co
the la bien dau vao (vi du nhu thin gian tom thing). NO khong phu thuOc vio giao thee
djnh tuyen hoc qua trinh m8 pilling ding nhu de thong s6 danh gia chAt luqng ma to
nghien cuu 6 ten. NO cung cap sir so sinh th#t &act giga cac giao thirc.
3.1.2.1 Thong s6 di chuyen.
Bulk 1: tinh khoang each trung binh cue cac nut x vOi cac nut ;Mc trong mong
ti*xdist(nicai)
t = T, theo Gong thirc: duqc ewe hien a cac thai diem t=0, t= 0 + X, t-41 + 2X, (cid:9)
Ax(t) = Er=
(CT 3. 4)
Tran Van Tua'n-A14325 (cid:9)
38
THONG S6 DANH GIA VA MO MINH CHUYEN DONG MANET
Bulk 2: Tinh di chuyen cua nut x theo cong thirc:
mx = L. t=.01Ax(e —Ax(t+M)
(CT 3.5)
T — At
Btrac 3: Tinh thong se di chuyen cho ca kjch ban:
(CT 3.6)
Mob = 211M1 (cid:9)
n
MS Id
Tin bib
Dist(n„, ny)t Khoing each gift nut X vi nut Y a thtri diem t
S6 nut mang n
i Chi s6
Khoing each trung binh gift the nut x yeti the nut khac a thai diem t Ax(t)
Di chuyen trung binh ciut nut x yeti the nut trong thai gian m8 phong M„
Thai gian m8 phong T
Bulk thbi gian m8 phong At
Di chuyen trong town b0 kjch bin [m/s] Mod
Bang 3.1 Bang cdc ban trong thong se; di chuyin
3.1.2.2 Thai gian tam clang
Th6i gian tarn dimg lit mOt hien du vio coa m8 phong. Khi sir dung nth mOt
thong s6 danh gia, thai gian tam dung can tet ca cac nut trong m8 phong dugc sir dung
de do kiem thong set chuyen dOng. Khi gilt trj trung binh tang Ion thi oat mang cang It
di chuyen trong mang.
3.2 MO hinh di chuyen m6 pheng MANET
Trong MANET, nut mang di chuyen tir vj tri nay den vj tri khac, nen khe khan
khi tim ra mo hinh di chuyen c6 the cho m8 phi:mg. De c6 the mo phong giao thtic dinh
tuyen thi can phai c6 su phit trien va sir dung "mo hinh di chuyen" cho nut mang, do
d6 viec xac dinh mo hinh di chuyen la rat quan tong.
39
Train Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
THONG-SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN DONG MANET
Mo hinh di chuyen you au phat mo to di chuyen dm nut mang giting nhu trong
thirc te, can co sir thay d6i ve hi:Ong va Mc dO di chuyen trong nhang khoing thin gian
hop 15, . Chic chin nut mang thoc khong the di chuyen theo throng thing veri toc dO
kh8ng d6i trong su6t qua trinh me phong. Von Mc co the thay d6i va giam den 0,
Wang to hu6ng di chuyen cling se thay d6i.
Co rat nhieu m8 hinh ap ding cho MANET, co the Prong (mg v6i timg ngtt canh
kich ban mo phong, trong gi6i han chuyen dO de cop mOt s6 mo hinh tieu Neu.
3.2.1 MO kink di chuyin ngiu nisi&
M8 hinh di chuyen ngau nhien la m8 hinh di chuyen dun gian dira tren hueng vi
van Mc nglu nhien, trong de vin toc va hu6ng hien tai dui hai hay nhieu nut mang
hoan Wan dtjc 10p yeti gia tq c0 cua chimg. Do do, mo hinh se phai doi mOt vol hien
tuong thong gi6ng thoc tee: dimg dot ng0t, co Ong quay nhqn, dubmg di chuyen quanh
co hoan totin ngiu nhien. De khic phyc van de nay, nguiri to co the thay doi m8 hinh
bing cach filth toan vkin ttic hay htnfmg di chuyen hok ca hai.
3.2.2 MO kink di chuyin intong nglu SIM val via tic Mang it&
Day IA mo hinh sfra d6i call m8 hinh di chuyen new nhien nhung dam Ho tit ca
nut mang duqc gin cho mOt yen Mc nhu nhau trong at& qua trinh me phong. Sau khi
huffing chqn mOt cach ngau nhien trong khoing (0, 2n), ck not bit dau di chuyEn. Kid
gip bien cua khu virc me phong, n6 nay kh6i bien yen mOt gec xac dinh b6i huong
den, ck nut di chuyen theo dtremg m6i.
3.2.3 MO kink di chuyin Random Waypoint
40
Triin Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
THONG S6 DANH GIANA MO HINH CHUYEN DONG MANET
Hinh 3.1 MO hinh di chuyin Random Waypoint
MS hinh nay c6 sir clang thin gian tam dung khi thay d6i huang va von t6c. Hai
hay nhieu nut mpg b mOt vi tri trong mOt kholing thbi gian (thbi gian tam dimg). Khi
het thin gian tam dung, nut mpg chon ngiu nhien Vain t6c trong khoing (0, maxspeed)
3.2.4 MO Midi di chuyln hirong ng&u nhi?n
laser iffiffor
'co
500
n
Natant
400
300
200
100
nrela 110
no.Srb.
*Sat
Sara Tel
talbsb**-1
0
300
250
200
100
150
0
so
Hinh 3.2 MO hinh di chuyin Song ngdu nhien
Thin Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
41
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH.CHUYEN HONG MANET
MO hinh nay khiic phuc nhirqc diem ciia m8 hinh Random Waypoint, do cac nut
trong mo hinh Random Waypoint thubng chop cac dich men va xic suAt chip dusting
la trung tam khu vtrc mo phong hoac dtrong di qua trung tam khu Arc mo phong. !Chi
cite nut mang co xu huong hOi tp, phan tin. . . trong m8 hinh di chuyen huang new
nhien, cac nut chon Wang thay vi chin dich, sau de no di chuyen theo huemg de den
bien elm khu vue mo phong, ngay khi den bien no dung Iii trong mOt khoiling thin gian
va chin hirerng khic (0, 180°) va tiAp tuc qui trinh .
Trion Van Tua n-A 14325 (cid:9)
42
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN DON.G MANET
TONG KET
Viec lva chip cac thong s64 danh gia giao thirc va mo hinh di chuyen la rat quart
tong. Thong qua cac thong s6 do, ta co the dinh gia &roc diem mph cling nhu diem
yeu dm mOt giao thirc mang. Qua do, ta co the Iva chin dugc giao thirc phi' hop cho
nhUng gia thiet vi yeu ciu at ra.
Tra'n Van Tulin-A14325 (cid:9)
43
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG WONG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET++
CHVONG 4. MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LONG CUA AODV,
OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET -i-F
Chuang nay se &en thieu ve cling co de mo phong giao thirc dinh tuyen mang Ad
hoc, m8 phimg the giao thirc dinh tuyen, gib thiet (tau vao cho qua trinh m8 pheing.
K'et qua m6 pheing ve danh gia, ket luon.
4.1 Gi6i thieu thong ve omnet++
4.1.1 Ting quan vi Omnet++
4.1.1.1 Omnet ++ la gi ?
OMNeT++ la viet tit cim corn tir Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++.
OMNeT++ la m'Ot img dong cung cap cho nguiri sir citing m8i truing de tien hart mo
pheong hoot Ong cim mang. Moc dich chinh cua img (long la me pheng hoot dOng cna
mang thong tin, toy nhien do tinh ph6 cjp vi link hoot dm n6, OMNeT++ cOn duqc sir
dong trong nhieu filth we Ichac nhu m8 phimg cat hg tilting thong tin phirc top, the
mang kieu hang doi (queing networks) hay the lden true phan cirng...
OMNeT++ cung cap sin the thimh phan tucmg img yeti the m8 hinh than te. Cac
thinh phan nay (dm duqc goi la the module) duqc lop trinh theo nem nga C++, sau
duqc t#p hop lai thanh nhemg thanh plan hay nhing m8 hinh l•fm han bang mOt
neon ngit boc cao (NED).OMNeT++ h6 to giao dien do hoa, tucmg (mg yen cat mo
hinh ciu tree trio ne &Ong thiri phan nhan mo phimg (simulation kernel) va the module
caa OMNeT++ ding rat a clang nhimg vao tong clic (mg dung khk.
4.1.1.2 Cie thAnh phin chinh cis OMNeT++
Trong OMNeT++ c6 ck Minh phan chinh sau:
(cid:226) Thu vien phin nhan mo phemg (simulation kernel)
(cid:226) Trinh bi'en dich cho nem net m8 to tinh tong (topology description
language) - NED (nedc)
(cid:226) Trinh bien tip d6 hoa (graphical network editor) cho cac file NED
(GNED)
(cid:226) Giao dien d6 hoa thoc hien m8 phi:mg, cac lien ket ben tong cac file
thoc hien m8 pheng (Tkenv)
(cid:226) Giao dien ding thoc hien mo ph6ng (Cmdenv)
(cid:226) Cong co (giao dien (16 hoa) ve do thj ket qua vector 6 du ra (Plove)
44 Trcin Van Twin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNED-F
(cid:226) Cong cu (giao dien d8 hqa) mo to ket qua vo huemg 6 dau ra (Scalars)
Cong cu tai lieu h6a cac mo hinh
> Ck tien ich khac
> Cac tai lieu huang dan, cac vi du mo ph6ng...
4.1.1.3 tang dyng
OMNeT++ 11 met c8ng cu me phimg cac hoot dOng mpg bang cac module
duqc thiet ke huetng dal tuqng. OMNeT++ thuting duce sir dung trong cac img dung
chit yeil nhu:
(cid:226) MO hinh boat dOng cim cac mang thong tin
(cid:226) MO hinh giao thirc
> MO hinh h6a cac mang kieu hang dqi
(cid:226) MO hinh hem cac he thOng da b0 vi xi: ly (multiprocessor) hoc cac he
thring phan ding theo cac m8 hinh phan tan !chic (distributed hardware systems)
> Danh gia kien Irk phin ding
> Dinh gia hieu qua hot dOng cim cac he' thong phtic tap...
4.1.1.4 MO hinh trong OMNeT++
MOt mO !firth trong OMNeT++ bao gam cac module 'Ong nhau cO au trim Oki
cap. DO sau ciut cac module 16ng nhau li khong gieri han, dieu nay cho phip ngutri sir
dung cO the bieu dien cac au trim logic dm cac he thong trong thuc to bang cac cau
true m0 hinh. Cac module trao &Si thong tin veri nhau thong qua viec giri cac message.
Ck message nay cO the cO eau trite phirc tap tiny y. Cac module c6 the giri cac
message nay theo hai each, mOt lit giri true tiep toi dia chi nhan, hai la giri di theo mOt
dutmg dan duce dinh sin, thong qua cac ding va cac ket nti.
Cac module co the co cac tham 56 dui rieng nit. Cac tham s6 nay e6 the duqc sir
dung a chinh sirs de thutic tinh dm module vi de bieu dien cho topology cim mo
hinh.
Cac module a mirc thap nit& trong eau trim phan cap deng gel cac thuk tinh.
Cac module nay duqc coi la cac module dun gian, vfl chimg duqc lap trinh trong non
ngft C++ bang each sir dung cite thu vien me ph6ng.
MOt mo hinh trong OMNeT++ chin cac module !Ong nhau cO eau tit phan cap,
trao dal thong tin vat nhau bang each giri cac message. Mai mo hinh nay thuemg bieu
45 Trion Van Twin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LONG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET++
dien cho met he th8ng mang. Module mire cao nhat trong cau trim phan cap dirge En
la module he th6ng. Module nay c6 the chira cac module con, cac module con ding ce
the chira cac module con cim ri'eng no. De thu phan cap d6i v6i cac module la Ichong
gi6i han, dieu nay cho phep ngutri sir dung c6 the de ding bleu dien met au trim logic
dm met he thong trong thue to bing cAu true phan cap cim OMNeT++.
CAu tree dm m8 hill!' ea the dugc m8 to bang nem no/ NED cim OMNeT++
module dun grin
module he thong (cid:9)
Hinh 4.1 Ccic module don gicin va kit hop
Cac module ce the chfra nhieu module con va dtrqc goi la module ket hqp. Cac
module don gian la the module c6 cap thip nhAt trong cAu trim phan cap. Cac module
don gian china tic thu$t town ciut m8 hinh. Ngubi sir dung then khai cac module don
gian bang nem ngft C++, sir dung et thu vien m8 phong cim OMNeT++.
Cac module trao doi thong tin bang vies girl cac message. Trong time re, message
c6 dung khung (frame) hok lit cac goi tin (packet) dirge truyen di trong mang. Cac
message c6 the c6 cAu trite phirc tap thy Sr. Cac module don gian co the girl cite
message di met each true tier) den vi tri nhon hooc girl di theo met duOng din djnh sin
thong qua cac ctng (gates) va cac lien ket (links).
Cac ding (gates) la cac citing vio, ra cfm cac module. Message duce girl di qua
cac c6ng ra va duqc nhan vito thong qua cac ming vac).
Moi ket not (connection) hay con goi lit lien ket (link) duce to ben trong met
mire don trong cAu true phan cap cim cac module: ben trong met module ket hqp, met
ket n6i co the doge tiro ra giDa cac ding tuong img cim hai module con, hoc gifts
citing cim module con v6i cOng dm module ket hqp.
Trim Van Tunn-A 14325 (cid:9)
46
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LONG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET++
module cha
moduk con kit nit vdi module du
module can kit nal vdi nhau (cid:9)
Wink 4.2 Ccic kit ndi
Tuong img vai cau true phan cap Cuff met mo hinh, cac message thuang di
chuyen qua met loot cac ket not vai diem bit du va ket thic la cac module don gian.
Tap cac kit not di tir met module don gihn va den met module don gian duqc gQi la
route.
4.1.2 Sri. dyng OMNeT++
4.1.2.1 Xey dyng vA ditty thir cac ma hinh ma phong
a. Met mo hinh OMNeT++ bao gem flitting phlin sau
> Ngon ngt/ m8 ta topology — NED (file c6 phtin mer reng .ned): me to ciu
true caa module voi cac tham so, cac tong... Cac file.ned co the duqc viat bing
bit kt be soon thao hoic bit ky 130 soon thao hc:4c sir dung chuong trinh GNED
c6 trong OMNeT++
> Dinh nghia ciu tritc cita cac message (the file c6 phan ma reng .msg):
Ngtreri sir dung c6 the dinh nghia rat nhieu kieu message va them cac truCmg du
lieu cho thing. OMNeT++ se dich nheng dinh nghia nay sang cac lap C++ day
> Ma ngulin caa cac module don gian. Day la cac file C++ vai phlin ma
Ong la .h hoc .cc.
b. He thong m8 phong cung cap cho ta cac thanh phan sau
> Phan nhan mo phong. Phan nay chtia code de quart lY qua trinh mo
phong va cac thu vien 16p mo phong. NO duqc viet bing C++, duce bien dich va
duqc dit cling dung vai cac file thu vien (cac file co phan ma reng la .a hoic
> Giao dien ngutri sir dung. Giao dien nay duqc sir dung ;chi that hien qua
trinh mo phong, too su a clang cho qua trinh sira 161, bieu dien (demonstration)
47
Trdn Van Tudn-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG COA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET+F
ho0c khi thuc hien and phong theo tong khoi (batch execution of simulations). C6
mOt vai kieu giao dien trong OMNeT++, tat ca deu duqc viet bring C++, duqc
bien djch va dat ding nhau trong the thu vien (cac file c6 phan ma rOng la .a
hoac .lib)
c. Thuc hien mo phtmg va phan tich ket qua
Cac chuang trinh thut hien mo phong (the simulation executable) la cac chuang
trinh dOc lap, tire la n6 c6 the chay tren cac may khac kh8ng cai OMNeT++ hay
cac file mo hinh tuang ling. Kid chuang trinh khoi dong, n6 bat deu doc file cau hinh
(thong thutmg la file omnetpp.ini). File nay china the thiet lap dieu 'Nen nhieu qua
trinh mo phong, trong trutmg hqp don gian that la the qua trinh mo phong nay se
duqc thuc hien Ian Itrqt boi mOt chuang trinh m8 phong (simulation program).
Diu ra ciut qua trinh mo phong la cac file dry lieu. Cac file nay c6 the IA cac file
vector, cac file v8 hating hoc cac file ciut ngutri sir dung. OMNeT++ cung cap mOt
clang cm doi hqa Plove de xem va vd ra nOi dung ciut cac file vector. Tuy nhien chimg to
cling nen hieu ring kh6 ma c6 the xir 15t day dit the file ket qua ma chi (king rieng
OMNeT++, cac file nay deu la cac file c6 djnh dung de c6 the doc duqc bai cac gal xi'
15/ toan hoc ciut cac chuang trinh nhu Matlab hay Octave, hoac ce the duqc dua vito
tinh cua cac chuang trinh nhu OpenOffice Calc, Gnumeric hay Microsoft Excel. Tit
ca cac chuang trinh nay deu ce chirc nang chuyen dung trong viec phan tich so h6a, vd
bieu dien (visualization) vuqt qua kha nang cita OMNeT++.
Cac file vo hutmg cang co the duqc bieu dien bang cac cong cu Scalar. NO ce the
vd duqc cac bieu do, cac do thi dua vio tap hqp cac toa dO (x, y) va ce the xuat da lieu
vao clipboard de c6 the sir dung trong cac chuang trinh khac nham dua nhang phan
tich chi tiet hon.
d. Giao dien ngutd sir dtmg
Muc dich chinh ciut giao dien ngubi sir dung la the nicirng phin phirc tup ben
trong cau trim cita cac m8 hinh dtd voi ngtrtri sir dung, de (icing dieu khien qua trinh mo
phOng, va cho phep ngutri sir dung co Itha fling thay dOi cac bien hay cac did tutmg
ben trong cua mo hinh. Dieu nay la rat quan tong dot vai pha phat trien va sire loi
trong du an. Giao dien ced hoa cling co the duqc sir dung de trinh dien hoot dOng cita
and hinh.
Cling mOt mo hinh ngutri sir dung ce the trin nhieu giao dien khac nhau ma
khong can phai thay did gi trong cac file mo hinh. Ngutri sir dung c6 the kiem thin va
48 Trei'n Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUKING CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET4--F
sira 18i rat d thing qua giao diEn do hos, cu6i cling c6 the choy ne dva tren met giao
dien don giin va nhanh chOng c6 hO trq thvc hien theo khEi (batch execution)
e. Cac thu vien► thanh phin
Cac kieu module co the dugc luu toi nhang vi tri dOc Igp vol chi; ma chin thvc
skr duqc sir dung. DOc diem nay cung cap cho ngtreci sir dung kha nhem cac kiEu
module loi vgi nhau va to ta cac thu vien thimh phin.
f. Cac chuong trinh m6 phong clOc !Op
Cac chuong trinh thvc hien qua trinh mo phong c6 the dirge Itru loi nhiau lin,
!thong phu thuOc vao cac mo hinh, sir dung cling molt thitt lop cho cac module dun
Wan. Nguti sir dung c6 the chi ra trong file ciu hinh m8 hinh nao se dirge choy. Dieu
nay to !chi nang cho ngubi sir dung ce the xi), dung nheng chuong trinh thvc hien
Ign bao gEm nhiEu qui trinh mo phong, vi phan ph6i ng nhu mOt cong cy mo phong
dOc lip. Kha nal% linh hoot dm non ngii m8 ta topology cling hO trq cho hut:mg tiEp
can nay.
Nhu (la trinh bay 6 phis ma du, met he thEng mong m8 phong trong OMNeT++
4.1.2.2 Chyy de ling dyng trong OMNeT++
gEm cac thanh phin sau:
(cid:226) Cac file.ned m8 ta topo mong.
(cid:226) Cic file c6 phin mg rong .msg chira khai bao the message.
(cid:226) Cac file C++ (c6 phin mg ring la .cc trong UNIX hoItc .cpp trong
Windows)
Qua trinh xay dung mOt chuong trinh mo phong
(cid:226) Diu tien, dich cac file NED va cac file message thinh C++, sir dyng
NED compiler (nedc) va message compiler (opp_msgc).
(cid:226) Qua trinh tiep theo giEng nhu hien dich ma nguEn C/C++
file.o. 3 Trong Linux: cac file .cc (cid:9)
3 Trong Windows: cac file .cpp —n file .obj.
3 Sau d6 tat ca cac file tre'n se duqc lien keit (link) yeti cac thu vier
can thiet de to thanh file .exe.
Cu the ta can phai lien ket voi cac thu vien sau:
Trek; Van Tucin-A 14325 (cid:9)
49
M6 PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET4-1-
(cid:226) Phan nhan mo ph:mg dugc gqi lit sim_std (nhu cac file libsim_std.a,
(cid:226) Giao dien nguiyi dimg: cung cap thu vin m8i tru?tng (file libenvir.a, etc)
sim_std. lib, etc)
va cac tien ich tkenv va cmdenv (libtkenv.a, libcmdenv.a, etc). Ck file .o (hok
.obj) phai dugc lien ket ten thu vin mai truang cling yeti hok tkenv hokic
cmdenv.
Hinh 4.3 cho chimg ta hinh anh qua trinh xir ly khi mo hinh dirge xay dung vi
hoot dOng
*.ned la cac file mo to topo mang cling nhu cau trim ciut cac modul, n6 sir dung
nein ngft NED (Nework Description), la nem ngft chuyen bier clung rieng cho
OmNet++. Su phat trien tiep theo cos NED lit GNED (Graphic NED) liun cho viec me
ta topo mpg dirge titre quan han bAng mach ding cac cong cu do hog de m8 ta. Cac
file ned sau d6 dugc NEDC (NED compiler) djch sang code C++ de mo ta cau tree
mpg sang nem ngft C++ dual clang file *_.cc.
Cac file xii ly cilia cac simple moduls la phiin cot lei khi via chuang trinh m8
phang vi dugc vitt bang non ngft C++ bang mach ke Mira cac lap co sin dm
OmNet++, ngued vi'et trien khai cac hoot dOng cim mang nhu djnh tuyen, Xif Ii gal tin
den vi di, xac dinh hanh vi cim cac simple modul dugc me to trong *.ned khi c6 sr
kien xay ra veri n6....
Thu vien lei cim chuang trinh mo pheng dirge cung cap bai OmNet++, no bao
gem eat nhieu cac lap vi cac ham c6 sin phuc vu cho chuang trinh me phong nhu cac
lap cSimplemodul, cMessage. . . , cac him ngAu nhien... Thu vin giao dien nguai
ding cung cap giao dien cho Chuang trinh m8 phong. OmNet++ yen cac phien ban gat)
day sir dung hai kieu giao dien lit giao dien dung lenh cmd (command) va giao dien de
hofi dva tren tcl/tIc. Giao dien de hog rat true quan nen dugc tra dung han. Sau khi djch
va lien ket ta dugc met chuang With mo pheing dva tren nen OmNet++.
File omnetpp.ini de kheri dOng cac gia tti can thiet. omnetpp.ini do ngtrai lop
trinh viet, n6 rat quan tong de chgy met chucmg trinh mo phong vai cac tham so dugc
thay del de c6 dirge ket qua thong ke mong muen.
50
CuOi cling la cac file ket qua bao gem file *.vec lit cac file vector, no IA cac Bien
thay dei theo than gian trong qua trinh me phOng, gia tri cim bien va theri gian ttrcmg
ling dugc luu vao file nay. Trong qua trinh viet code se xac dinh bien nao dugc luu.
Triin Van Tudn-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET++
File *.sna phuc vu cho qua trinh sira 161. File *.sca (scalar file) Itru cac gia try' thong ke
c6 duqc sau khi ket th6c mo phong, vi du nhu se cuOc gqi da thut hien s6 cuOc gqi hi
tir ch6i... De xi: Ii ket quit th6ng ke dat duqc, to co the viel mOt chuong trinh nhe hoac
sir dung cac cong cu co sin. OmNet++ cung cap chuong trinh Plove de ye cac file
/ *.a
Thu vin giao dien
ngubi clang (cid:9)
cur 19 dm
le modules
Thu vien 161 dui chuang
With m6 phong *Jib /
*.a
File mo to
.
A (cid:9)
eau true
mpg
NEDC comp ingi
File mo ti eau true mang
sau khi dieht_n.ce
•
compi ing
•
Linking
Chuang trinh m6
phong
File dm hinh
Omnetop.ini
Choy chuong trinh
File ket qua
*.vec, *.sna, *.sca
Hinh 4.3 Luqc d6 xay dung va chay mOt chuong trinh mo phong
(cid:9) I
OMNeT++
*.vec, con doi vei cac file *.sca to co the dimg *It chuong trinh tinh town bat ki.
4.2 MO piping
51
4.2.1 Khdi Igo trid phdng
Trion Van Tucin-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PRONG VA DANH GIA,THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET++
Trong tit ca cic kjch bin me pheng, chuyen de sir dung mo hinh di chuyen
Random Waypoint yeti cac thong se sau:
• Van t6c toi da speed.: 6 bit kY thin diem nio van tee cO giA tri ngau nhien
trong khoang [0, speed.].
• SO nut mang: giA tri nay khong thay dei trong town be qua trinh me phong,
chuyen de sir dung 25 nut mung trong kich ban mo phong.
• Kich ce mei truing mo pheng: chuyen de sir dung khu sruc mo pheng
500x500m cho town be kich ban m8 phong.
• Thai gian mo phong : 300s cho tat cal kjch bim mo
• Thai gian tam dimg: thay dei yen cac gia tri 0, 100, 200, 300.
4.2.2 mot a kink dnh md pining
Sau day IA tan to cac qua trinh cua DYMO: Kit phi tuyen bAng cach giri
RREQ, giri bin tin RREP, girl g8i tin de lieu, vi giri ACK bio nhan.
Tnr6c khi giri gal tin tan met dich, mot nut se kiem tra trong BO nher tuyen Cult ne
c6 tuyen tea dich de hay khong. Neu khong cO, n6 se giri bin tin RREQ de Kham phi
tuyen (hinh 4.4).
52
Trion Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
M6 PRONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET-H-
Binh 4.3 Qua irinh gui Mtn tin RREQ can DYMO
Cac net nh$n thrqc bin tin RREQ, neu nut d61i dich hoec biet mot tuyen diking
tai dich, ne se pH Ini ban tin RREP vi nguen (hinh 4.5)
53
Trtin Vern Tan -A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET+-F
Hinh 4.4 Qua irinh gtii ban tin RREP So DYMO
Nhu Sy, nirt ngu6n dit c6 met tuyen tei dick vh n6 thuc hien qua trinh gin gni tin
dft lieu hinh (hlnh 4.6).
Hinh 4.5 Qua frith gii got tin dit lieu cia DYMO
54
Trion Vern Tutin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CI:JA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET4-1-
Nit (Itch then duqc g6i tin &it lieu, n6 se gig ACK tei nit ngu6n de the then n6
dil then duvc g6i til nut ngu8n (hInh 4.7).
Minh 4.6 Qua winh gzii ACK &Jo nluAn nia DYMO
4.2.3 Kit ca nth pining clic giao Mt dink tayin MANET
Kjch bin li met phiin rift quan trong trong m8 phOng, 6 day chuyen de dua ra 4
gia tri cAn do cho thbi gian tam dUng cos not mang: 0, 100, 200, 300. TWA gian tam
dUng bang 0, nit mang chuyen den lien Mc; thbi gian tam ding bang 300, nut mpg
cot nhu dung yen (khfing chuyin dOng). Clic nit bit dim giri g6i tin dit lieu sau 60s
(man KA tu)•
(cid:9) 55
TM?: Von Tuin -A14325
MO PRONG VA DANH G1A THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET-H-
GM tri
Then se
250m
Phan) vi tiny& din
54Mbps (802. 11g) Bang thong
300s Thai gian ma phang
500m x 500m Kich dunk mai Mating ma phang
CBR Lag I= hrqng
4 packet's T6c da gfri gni tin
512 bytes Kich thug gni tin
25 S6 not
5 S6 nguiln gni gni tin
20m/s
Tic dO t6i da
Bong 4.1 Bong thong so &kith gill ditng trong nu5 phdng
4.2.3.1 Thong hnyng din cm& - din cu&
TIIROUGHPUT
0.7
•
0.6
0.5
I 0.4
I 0.3
y
0.2
0.1
a 'Noe
re -•11-
3n: —B-
. OUR .0•400a
.
. (cid:9)
0
300
250 (cid:9)
zoo (cid:9)
100 (cid:9)
0
so (cid:9)
in (cid:9)
pan-11510(0)
JBnh 4.7 Ming itrong dein cud! - dJu cudi
56
Train Van Tudin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUGNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA
DYMO BANG OMNET++
Qua bieu de th8ng luqng to nhan thtty thong Itryng tS , lg thu'an yeti gen
(cid:226) Th8ng luqng cua DYMO la cao nhat do DYMO la giao that djnh tuyen hoot
nhan.
dOng theo you cliu hoGc theo bang dieu khien, la sy t6i tat cua DSR vi AODV.
Khi cac nut mang chuyen Ong lien toc, thong luqng cia DYMO van rat cao
(cid:226) Khi 'TICK de di chuyen tang (giiun pausetime) thi th8ng luqng dm 3 giao thic
DSR, AODV, OLSR giim rb ret vein mile giam Wang dtrcmg nhau. Trong khi
di thi DYMO the hien di:cc sv On djnh ciut minh khi ci thong luqng khi cao.
OLSR co thong luqng cao hon AODV vi DSR
4.2.4 Minh gill in) kit luOn
(cid:226) Thong luqng cua OLSR cao han AODV vi DSR vi OLSR ci the dip ung khi
topo mang thay d6i, no cho phep khim phi tuyen nhanh chong ten cic hang
xim vi cic MPR cis chin de thitt lop ket not veri cic nut khac
Trong mei tru?mg kich cer trung binh vi so luqng nut nh6, khi m#t dg di chuyen,
hay ilk dg phit gen Ling dttn thi DYMO la giao thic hoot den khi An djnh khi ci if lg
gen nha'n cao hon so veri cic giao tithe khic. Tuy nhien, theo met s6 kit qui nghien
ciru cho they DYMO Iii to ra khi nhieu bin tin djnh tuyen so vai AODV vi DSR. Do
viy, khong the khang djnh DYMO la met giao thic tei tru.
57
Trtin Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
Hien nay chua co met giao thic nio c6 the dip ting day du yeu can veri met giao
thic djnh Wyatt trong MANET. Cac giao attic can dtrqc cii tien han Tao de co the dap
Crng duqc cho MANET ding than he) trq multicast, QoS, bao mat_
!CET LUAN
CHUtING 5. ICET LUAN
MANET hien dang tham gia vao mQi met dm cu(ic sting vi him hgn se phat then
monk me trong Prong lai. Do Ii met phan ding nghe dm mang khOng day nen
MANET duoc thira huemg nhieu uu diem dm mpg khong day hien nay vi long thoi
ding co nhOng uu the dee biet ma cAc mpg khac khong co. Chuyen deli sv thin then
tong quan ve MANET. Ngoai ra, chuyen de ding Cep trung vao nghien elm cac giao
that djnh tuyen MANET hien nay, cv the 11 him giao thirc DYMO, DSR, AODV,
OLSR. DOng thoi sit dog ding cv m8 pheing OMNET++ de phan tich dart gia chit
Itromg giao that djnh tuyen MANET (DYMO, DSR, AODV, OLSR). Qua do, chung to
they duqc the moth vi Nut the cue tang lovi giao thirc; kh8ng co giao that nao dap
irng du tieu chuan MANET ve met QoS, bito met.
MANET van con IA met cong nghe mei trong vii nem gim day 6 Viet Nam vi
chua co !Mien ket qua thir ng,hiem, danh gift ve no. Do de, viec tham gia rat hart che,
veri ngueri nghien elm chi co each dimg m8 pheng. Chinh vi voy, djnh Wong phat tri'e'n
cila em la ngoAi viec nghien tiro li thuyet, se tim hien situ han ve ding cv me pherng
OMNET++ de co ket qui me pheng chinh 'the va day do. D'Ong then em se di situ tim
hieu ve kha nang trien khai MANET vao thvc tien tai Viet Nam. Trong tuang lai, em
mong mu& se tiep toe nghien eau ve van de nay ding nhu phat then mer rOng no.
Cling do thoi gian nghien dm nen kh8ng tranh khai thieu set, em rat mong then
ducm sv nhon xet, demg gap y kien dia the they co trong be mon ding nhu trong khoa
de chuyen de cua em duce holm thien hen nth.
MOt Ian naa em xin char thath dun an they Hoang Trong Minh da nhiet tinh
twang clan, chi brio vA djnh htremg cho em thvc hien thanh cong chuyen de.
HA N0i, thing 7 nam 2013.
Sinh vien
Trap Van Tuan
58
Trim Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TAI LIEU THAM ICHAD
TAI LitU•THAM KHAO
[1] Subir Kumar Sarkar, T G Basavaraju, C Puttamadappa, "MANET Mobile
Wireless Network Principles, protocols, and Applications", Auerbach Publications,
2007.
[2] Amitabh Mishra, "Security and quality of service in MANET wireless
networks", Cambridge University Press, 2008.
[3] Prasant Mohapatra and Srikanth Krishnamurthy, "MANET network
Technologies and Protocols", Spinger Science and Business Media, 2005.
[4] Michel Barbeau and Evangelos Kranakis, "Principles of MANET
networking", Wiley, 2007.
June 15, [5] Krishna Gorantala, "Routing Protocols in Mobile MANET network",
2006.
[6] Jabson Andres, " Metric in MANET networks", Master thesis, 2000.
[7] Narendra Singh Yadav and R. P. Yadav, "The Effects of Speed on the
Performance of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Network".
[8] Azzedine Boukerche, "Algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile
MANET network", Wiley, 2009.
[9] A. Boukerche, "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for MANET
Wireless Networks", Mobile Networks and Applications, 9, pp. 333 -342, 2004.
[10] Samir R. Das, "Performance Comparison of Two On -demand Routing
Protocols for MANET Networks", Division of Computer Science The University of
Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, TX 78249-066 U. S. A.
[11] Sehrish Abrejo, Asadullah Shah, Kamran Khowaja, Asma Ansari Pakistan
"Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols using Scenario Based Mobility Models",
Department of Computer Science Isra University, Hyderabad.
[12] Ashwini Kumar Pandey, "Study of MANET Routing Protocols by Simulation
Experiments", Department of Computer Science Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville MAY 2004
59 Tran Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TAI Lieu TRAM KHAO
[13] Farooq Anjum and Petros Mouchtaris, "Security- for wireless MANET
networks" , Wiley, 2007
[14] Georgios Koltsidas and Fotini -Niovi Pavlidou, "Single -path and Multipath
Routing Algorithms for Mobile MANET Networks", Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
[15] S. Gowrishankar, T. G. Basavaraju, M. Singh, Subir Kumar Sarkar ,
"Scenario based Performance Analysis of AODV and OLSR in Mobile MANET
Networks", Jadavpur University, Acharya Institute of Technology India
[16] http://tools. ietf. org/html/draft-ietf-manet-aodv-09
[17] http://tools. ietf. org/html/draft-ietf-manet-dymo-17
[18] http://hipercom. inria. fr/olsr/draft-ietf-manet-olsr-11 . txt
[19] http://www. ietf. org/proceedings/04mar/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09 . txt
60 Tr/2n Van Twin-A 14325 (cid:9)
hop_cnt>
Trong do:
source_addr: dia chi ngu6n
source sequence: s6 thir ur ngu6n
broadcast_id: dinh danh cua RREQ
dest_addr: dia chi dich
dest sequence: s6 thir tu dich
hop_cnt : 56 chang
C#p duce xic dinh duy nhit Arai m6i ban tin
RREQ. broadcast_id duqc ting len khi nut ngu6n kheri tao mot RREQ meri. Mai nut
hang )(am khi nhan duqc ban tin RREQ se giri lai mOt bim tin RREP tai nut ngu6n neu
no biet mOt tuyen tai dich, hoc tiep tuc quang ba ban tin RREQ toi not hang x6m sau
khi tin hop_cnt. Chu y ring miSi nut co the nhon duqc nhieu ban sao cua cimg mOt
RREQ tir cac hang x6m. Khi mOt nut trung gian nhon duqc mot RREQ, neu no di
29
Trait Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
nhin RREQ voi cang broadcast_id vi dia chi dich, nO se loii b6 RREQ do vi kheng chuyen tier) gei tin de naa. Neu met nut khong the dip img duqc RREQ, no se theo dOi cic thong tin sau de thiet lip tuyen dubng nguqc cling filer thiet lip tuyen dubng thuin de (kith cho vier truyen gel tin RREP.
• Dia chi IP dich
• Dia chi IP nguin
• Broadcast ID
• Thai gian het han ciut entry tuyen dubng nguqc
• S6 the tit cua net nguin
2.5.2 That lip tuyin dwang ngupt
CO hai s6 the to duqc chira trong met bin tin RREQ: s6 thir to nguan vi s6 thir to dich cu6i cimg duqc hi& boi ngu6n. SO the ttr nguin duqc sir dung de duy tri thong tin mei ve tuyen dubng nguqc tOi nguin, vi s6 the to dich chi ra ring tuyen dubng teri dich phii men nhu the nio de ne co the duqc chip nhon beri nguin. Khi ban tin RREQ duqc girl tir nut ngu6n toi cic net dich khic nhau, no se ttr ding thiet lip cic tuyin dubng nguqc tir tit ci cic nut d6 tel net nguin. De thiet lop tuyen throng ngunt, mOi net phii ghi 13i dia chi ciut hing xom mi tir de no nhin duce bin sao diu den ale RREQ. Cic entry tuyen dubng nguqc duqc duy tri trong khoing thin gian vim de de bin tin RREQ co the truyen tren mang vi tri lbi 131 tel nut girl.
Trein Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
30
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
D
..........
i
S ii (cid:9)
•••
oft
•, (cid:9) •
Minh 2.7 Thilt 14p tuyin dttemg di ngtipc
2.5.3 Thih l(Ip tuyin &Ong Mu&
Cu6i cling, ban tin RREQ s8 den duqc mOt nut biet duqc tuyen tai not dich. Diu tien, nut nhin duqc ban tin RREQ se kiem tra de chic chin ring ban tin RREQ di duqc Win tren met lien ket hai chieu. Neu mOt not trung gian co mOt entry tuyen ten dich yeu ciu, no so sanh se thfriu dich trong entry tuyen cila chinh no vai so thin tkr dich trong ban tin RREQ de xac dinh xem tuyen do co dung duqc hay khong. Neu so thin tlr dich trong ban tin RREQ Ian han, nut trung gian se khong sir dung tuyen trong bang entry tuyen cum no de dap ling RREQ. Khi do, flat trung gian se tiep tuc quang ba RREQ. Cac nut trung gian chi Ira 16i khi s6 thir to dich trong bang entry cila no len ham so vai trong bin tin RREQ. Neu nut Ming gian co met tuyen hien hanh tel nut dich va nen ban tin RREQ nay chua duqc futon truck do, nut se geri unicast mOt ban tin RREP tai hang x6m ma tit de no nhan duqc RREQ.
MOt ban tin RREP chira cac thong tin sau:
Tran Van Tulin-A14325 (cid:9)
Trong khi met pal tin quang ba tel mOt nut co tuyen tel dich, mOt tuyen dubng ngtrqc duqc thief Ilip toi nut ngu6n ctia goi tin RREQ. Khi RREP fret 10i not ngu'611, mai nut dqc theo tuyen dtremg thiet lop met con tra thuan tel nut ma tit d6 RREP den, cap nhat thong tin timeout cho cac entry tel nut ngu6n va not dich, ghi lai s6 thin tu dich mai nhit cho tuyen duqc yeu eau. Thiet lop tuyen duang thuan khi RREP tin not 31
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
dich D ten nut nguein S. Net khong nim tren tuyen duce xac djnh bed RREP se het han
sau ACTIVE ROUTE_TIMEOUT (3000ms) va se x6a con tro nguqc.
D
.
I
S
Hinh 2.8 Thiit hrip tuyin duemg thu4n
MOt net nhan RREP se truyen RREP dau tien ve nut ngu'on. Neu met nit nhan
nhieu hon met RREP, net se cap nhat thong tin djnh tuyen cua no va truyen RREP chi
khi RREP c6 so thin ti,r dich lem han hoac bang RREP truOc de yen met se chAng nhc)
hat. NO se loai be) het cac RREP khitc ma ne than duce. Dieu nay giarn s6 luqng ban
tin RREP truyen teri net nguon long then dam bito ring thong tin djnh tuyen lit nhanh
va mei that. NUt ngulin co the truyen dtt lieu ngay sau khi titian duqc RREP dau tien
va sau de ce the cap nhat thong tin dinh tuyen neu no bac duce met tuyen mai tot hon.
2.5.4 Qudn II bang grin tuyIn
Gin lien yeti cac entry tuyen &Ong nguqc la met be dem then gian, duqc gqi la
"be dem thin gian het han RREQ". Mac dich ctia N dem theri gian nay li de thank toe
nhitng entry tuyen dubng nguqc tir nhitng net khong nfim tren tuyen duemg tir nguen
dich.
Thai gian het han phµ thutic vim kich thuOc ctia MANET. MOt thong se quan
tong khac gin ved entry djnh tuyen lit thin gian timeout cum citc tuyen dang duqc luu
gift, hay then gian ma sau de tuyen dui:mg nay coi nhtr het hieu Iye. Trong mtii entry
Bang djnh tuyen, dja chi cilia nut hang xOm ma gen tin di qua de den dich cling duqc
duy tri. MOt net duqc coi IA host dOng den vOi dich do khi no tao ra hay chuyen tiep it
32
Trion Van Tutin-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
'that mOt gel tin tai dich do trong khoang thEri gian timeout. Thong tin nay duqc duy tri de tat ca cac nut nguan c6 the duqc thong bio khi c6 mOt lien ket bi dirt. Mil nut duy tri mOt entry cho moi dich can den. Mai entry chi:a cac th6ng tin sau:
- Dich
Next hop
S6 chang
S6 this ty dich
Cac hang )(Om can host dOng cho dich do
Thai gian het hart cho entry bang djnh tuyen
Mai khi mOt entry tuyen duqc dung de truyen gei tin du lieu tir ngutin toi dich, timeout cho entry do se duqc reset tai thai gian hien tai cong them timeout. Neu meat tuyen moi duqc you cau cho mOt nut di dOng, cac nut di dOng so simh so this ty dich cua tuyen moi yeti tuyen hien tai. Neu so this to tuyen moi cao ham, no se duct chon, nail bang nhau thi tuyen moi se duqc chop khi c6 metric nho han (s6 chang it han) toi dich.
2.5.5 CO nit& &tang djnh tuyin
Khi mOt net mang phat hien dtrong djnh tuyen den nut ben canh khong host dOng, no se x6a trong bang djnh tuyen va giri mOt ban tin Lien ket hong RERR. AODV sir dung danh sach nut mpg ben quill con hoot dOng di ghi nit nut mang dang sir dung dttng djnh tuyen trong bang dinh tuyen. Nut mang nhan duqc ban tin nay cling se lap lai qua trinh giri ban tin. Cuoi cling ban tin cling den duqc girl den tat ca nut mang di lien quan, tir do chimg c6 the dimg viec girl thong tin hoac yeu eau du?mg djnh tuyen mei thong qua ban tin RREQ.
2.6 Dynamic manet on- demand (DYMO)
DYMO IA giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang min nhat, hien van dang duqc phat trien boi MANET trong IETF. DYMO c6 the coi la sy ket hqp cua AODV va DSR. Muc tieu cua no la thiet ke don gian, giam thieu you au he thong, don gian hem viec thyc thi giao thtic. Meat mat, DYMO cling sir dyng s6 this ti,r de dam bao tranh lap tuyen, mat khac, DYMO dua ra cac dac tinh mei nhu la thyc hien tinh toan tuyen dutmg. Ben canh thong tin tuyen throng ve mOt myc tieu duqc yeu au, mOt nut cling duqc thOng tin ve tat ca cac nut trong gian clam tren mOt tuyen dtrong mai kham pha duqc. Day la mOt khic biet co ban gigra DYMO va AODV, trong do thi AODV chi 33
Trion Van Tulin-A14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
tao ra entry bang djnh tuyen cho nut dich va nut next-hop, con DYMO thi Itru trfr tuyen throng cho mOi nut trung gian. Dieu nay duqc the hien qua hinh 2.9.
AODV
DYMO
Rink 2.9 Su khdc nhau gitta AODV va DYMO Khi sir dying AODV, mot nut A chi biet &Ong ten B va D sau khi You eau tuyen duce dap (mg. Trong DYMO, nit A cimg biet a duang ten C. DYMO co the thiet lop ve duy tri cac tuyen duang unicast trong cac kjch ban mang 11Pv4 va IPv6 bing cach sir
clang ca the sau:
• Nhim phat hien mot tuyen men den mot nit dich, mot nit gin mot ban tin You
au tuyen RREQ tai tit ca hang Vim trong pham vi truyen sing cita no. Dieu
nay cling nhOn duqc bing cach girl bitn tin ten 1 dja chi multicast cvc bo rieng.
Khi mot nit trung gian nhon duqc mot RREQ no thiet lop tuyen dtrimg ten tit a
cac nut ma g6i tin de di qua. Sau di nit se gin (ha chi ciut chinh no vim ban tin
va truyen ban tin tai tat ca cac nut Ian an. Bing cach nay thi RREQ duqc
quang be mot each hileu qua ten mang va cuoi cling lit den dich cern no.
• Dich dap ling RREQ bing cach giri unicast mot ben tin Tra loi RREP tr .& ve nit ma no ma tir do no nhOn duqc RREQ. Cling nhtr trong qua trinh quang ba
RREQ, nit nay lai gin dja chi cis no va ghi chi tit ca ac thong tin djnh tuyen co trong RREP. Cling voi th8ng tin djnh tuyen a co duqc fru& do khi chuyen flip RREQ tuang ling, nit trung gian co kha Wing giri RREP tra ve nit nguen cua RREQ. Nit nay cling se biet ducm tuytn du?mg ten nit dich duqc yeu au,
cling nhu la clueing teri mqi not trung gian, va nguqc lai.
34
Trim Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
35
Met nut trung gian ding c6 the too ra RREP neu nhu no hitt tuyen dutmg tai dich. DE phan img tot vtri mpg co mirc dO di chuyen cao, cac lien ket tren tuyen dutmg da biet &Km co the duqc theo doi, bang each sir dung giao thirc nhOn Met hang xOm (Neighboehood Discovery Protocol) ho#c kitm tra phan hoNi Tilton duqc a tang data link. MOt he thiing ding co the Iva chip khong b#t firth nang theo dbi, dun gian chi x6a cac tuyen kh8ng con hoot dOng. Khi !net nut phat hien lien ket 161, no se gni met bin tin RERR de th8ng bao c6 tit ca cac nut Ian con, thong bio cho chimg biet ve tat ca cac tuyen di dirt.
Triin Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET
TONG KET
Qua viec nghie'n ciru mOt s6 giao that trong MANET to c6 the thAy rang chua c6 giao that nio c6 dAy dpi cac tinh 'tang va kh8ng the khing dinh giao thac nao la thi uu cho MANET. Tuy ration, chac nAng chinh cua cat giao thtic la tun duct throng di tei dich, kh8ng phai dutmg ngAn nhat hay dubng t6i uu nhAt duct dap Ong.
36 Tr an Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUAN DONG MANET
CHUONG 3. THONG SO DANN GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN HONG
THONG MO PHONG M4NG MANET
Nhu da trinh bay 6 chtrang 2, giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET deu tap trung giii quyet van de vi khai niem (Ric trung cuff mei trueng vo tuyen. Nhung giao thirc nit° lit tot nhit, phi hqp nhat? NO phi) thuOc vao ciu tic vi thuOc tinh eta mpg, mot dO nut mang, mut dO di chuyen dm nit mang, kick cb m8i trueng, kieu di chuyen ctia
cac nut ming...
3.1 Thong so Minh gia giao thee MANET
C6 hai thong sit de dinh gii: thong so dinh gii chit lugng vi thong so kjch bin.
3.1.1 Thfing sA think gill chit luting
Clic thong sO nay dugc se din de dua ra chinh xac nhftng gi xity ra trong qui trinh m8 phang va cung cap cac thong tin c6 gia tri ve cac giao thirc djnh tuyen. Do do, n6 danh dugc nhieu su quan tarn khi nghien min giao thirc djnh tuyen m8 phi:mg. 3.1.1.1 TS, le gni nh$n dirge
Dinh nghia: TS/ ig gti nh$n dugc R D la tjt giaa sO goi nhen dugc bin nit dich
(PR) va sO gti dugc giri di tir 16p img dung cis nut nguan (PO-
RD = PR /PS (CT 3. 1)
giao thirc djnh tuyen host Ong tot phai co gii tri RD cao do kha Wing ton ding bang thong vo tuyen la rat quan Wing. Thong so nay phan anh tj/ Ig goi tin bj mat, mat dO hoan chinh vi dung din cita giao thec djnh tuyen.
3.1.1.2 Tri tir din cuii din du cu6i
Dinh ngida: Tre tir dAu cuOi an du cuoi Ia thei gian ma gti tin truyen tat mang tir not ngueon den nit dich. NO bao gtm nhieu gia tri nho tren mang: tre bO dem, tre chuyen tiep gti tin 6 nut trung gian, tre truyen din vi thei gian de truyen lai gti tin (trong trueng hqp g6i tin bj mat). CO the tinh thei gian tre then hai cach:
Idea), = Tm — T a,„d (CT 3.2)
Hoc: Today = T buffer + Trebly + TPrep + Tresend (CT 3.3)
nghia: Trong man gin vo tuyen khong co QoS thi gia trj tre phu thuOc vao giao thirc djnh tuyin. Met thong so quan Wing Ia thtri gian tre trong be OM, tic Ia gti tin dugc luu gift trong bO am khi chua c6 dubng dinh tuyen an dich Wu& khi bj htly. Neu nhu nit mang dot thin gian 16n thi it gel tin tren mang bi hity, nhung cling co
37
Trdn Van Tuan-A14325 (cid:9)
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO H1NH CHUYEN BONG MANET
Dinh nghia: thong luqng 11 ti le giga s6 gni tin dg lieu duqc truyen tren met don
nghia tre trung binh trong mpg cling tang len. Va ngtrei thiet ke hg th6ng se quyet dinh: ty le gni hay be thlip hay thin gian tre, dieu nay lien quan den gia tri tre dau cu6i den du cu6i. 3.1.1.3 Thong hriyng ter din cu6i den din cu6i
vi thei gian.
nghia: Khi bang thong sin co ten mong di biet, thi trong mo phong bang thong thin sir c6 dirge IA bao nhieu? Th8ng s6 thong luqng T se cho biet bang th8ng thuc sir khi mo phong vi co the cho they sq hieu qua cue giao thirc djnh tuyen o mire de nao. Khi thong luqng trung binh cao nghia la bang thong dinti cho dinh tuyen la it, khi d6 giao thirc dinh tuyen hoot dOng Mt.
3.1.1.4 Phin tai thong tin djnh tuyin
Dinh nghia: la ti le gifts gin tin djnh tuyen duqc giri di veri s6 gni der lieu duqc
giri tai dich.
nghia: TM thong tin dinh tuyen la met thong so quan trim veri MANET, no cling cho biet hieu Wing se dung bang thong cira giao thirc dinh tuyen: bao nhieu bang th8ng duqc sir dung cho ban tin djnh tuyen, bao nhieu bang thong dugc sir dung cho cac g6i tin dit lieu. Phan tai djnh tuyen tong giao thee djnh tuyen theo yeu au thong thirong IA len do n6 phai girl ban tin cop nhOt dinh Icy ten tom mpg. Truong hqp 15 , tuyen, chi et' gni tin dg lieu duqc truyen ten m(mg; tuy twang la kheing c6 ban tin djnh
nhien, neu kh8ng co giao thee djnh tuyen thi Ichong the trier khai thqc M.
3.1.2 Thong si kich bon
Cac thong s6 kjch ban duqc tinh toim tir de lieu du van cue m8 phong, hale co the la bien dau vao (vi du nhu thin gian tom thing). NO khong phu thuOc vio giao thee djnh tuyen hoc qua trinh m8 pilling ding nhu de thong s6 danh gia chAt luqng ma to nghien cuu 6 ten. NO cung cap sir so sinh th#t &act giga cac giao thirc. 3.1.2.1 Thong s6 di chuyen.
Bulk 1: tinh khoang each trung binh cue cac nut x vOi cac nut ;Mc trong mong
ti*xdist(nicai)
t = T, theo Gong thirc: duqc ewe hien a cac thai diem t=0, t= 0 + X, t-41 + 2X, (cid:9)
Ax(t) = Er=
(CT 3. 4)
Tran Van Tua'n-A14325 (cid:9)
38
THONG S6 DANH GIA VA MO MINH CHUYEN DONG MANET
Bulk 2: Tinh di chuyen cua nut x theo cong thirc:
mx = L. t=.01Ax(e —Ax(t+M)
(CT 3.5)
T — At
Btrac 3: Tinh thong se di chuyen cho ca kjch ban:
(CT 3.6)
Mob = 211M1 (cid:9)
n
MS Id
Tin bib
Dist(n„, ny)t Khoing each gift nut X vi nut Y a thtri diem t
S6 nut mang n
i Chi s6
Khoing each trung binh gift the nut x yeti the nut khac a thai diem t Ax(t)
Di chuyen trung binh ciut nut x yeti the nut trong thai gian m8 phong M„
Thai gian m8 phong T
Bulk thbi gian m8 phong At
Di chuyen trong town b0 kjch bin [m/s] Mod
Bang 3.1 Bang cdc ban trong thong se; di chuyin
3.1.2.2 Thai gian tam clang
Th6i gian tarn dimg lit mOt hien du vio coa m8 phong. Khi sir dung nth mOt thong s6 danh gia, thai gian tam dung can tet ca cac nut trong m8 phong dugc sir dung de do kiem thong set chuyen dOng. Khi gilt trj trung binh tang Ion thi oat mang cang It
di chuyen trong mang.
3.2 MO hinh di chuyen m6 pheng MANET
Trong MANET, nut mang di chuyen tir vj tri nay den vj tri khac, nen khe khan khi tim ra mo hinh di chuyen c6 the cho m8 phi:mg. De c6 the mo phong giao thtic dinh tuyen thi can phai c6 su phit trien va sir dung "mo hinh di chuyen" cho nut mang, do d6 viec xac dinh mo hinh di chuyen la rat quan tong.
39
Train Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
THONG-SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN DONG MANET
Mo hinh di chuyen you au phat mo to di chuyen dm nut mang giting nhu trong thirc te, can co sir thay d6i ve hi:Ong va Mc dO di chuyen trong nhang khoing thin gian hop 15, . Chic chin nut mang thoc khong the di chuyen theo throng thing veri toc dO kh8ng d6i trong su6t qua trinh me phong. Von Mc co the thay d6i va giam den 0, Wang to hu6ng di chuyen cling se thay d6i.
Co rat nhieu m8 hinh ap ding cho MANET, co the Prong (mg v6i timg ngtt canh
kich ban mo phong, trong gi6i han chuyen dO de cop mOt s6 mo hinh tieu Neu.
3.2.1 MO kink di chuyin ngiu nisi&
M8 hinh di chuyen ngau nhien la m8 hinh di chuyen dun gian dira tren hueng vi van Mc nglu nhien, trong de vin toc va hu6ng hien tai dui hai hay nhieu nut mang hoan Wan dtjc 10p yeti gia tq c0 cua chimg. Do do, mo hinh se phai doi mOt vol hien tuong thong gi6ng thoc tee: dimg dot ng0t, co Ong quay nhqn, dubmg di chuyen quanh co hoan totin ngiu nhien. De khic phyc van de nay, nguiri to co the thay doi m8 hinh bing cach filth toan vkin ttic hay htnfmg di chuyen hok ca hai.
3.2.2 MO kink di chuyin intong nglu SIM val via tic Mang it&
Day IA mo hinh sfra d6i call m8 hinh di chuyen new nhien nhung dam Ho tit ca nut mang duqc gin cho mOt yen Mc nhu nhau trong at& qua trinh me phong. Sau khi huffing chqn mOt cach ngau nhien trong khoing (0, 2n), ck not bit dau di chuyEn. Kid gip bien cua khu virc me phong, n6 nay kh6i bien yen mOt gec xac dinh b6i huong den, ck nut di chuyen theo dtremg m6i.
3.2.3 MO kink di chuyin Random Waypoint
40
Triin Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
THONG S6 DANH GIANA MO HINH CHUYEN DONG MANET
Hinh 3.1 MO hinh di chuyin Random Waypoint
MS hinh nay c6 sir clang thin gian tam dung khi thay d6i huang va von t6c. Hai hay nhieu nut mpg b mOt vi tri trong mOt kholing thbi gian (thbi gian tam dimg). Khi het thin gian tam dung, nut mpg chon ngiu nhien Vain t6c trong khoing (0, maxspeed)
3.2.4 MO Midi di chuyln hirong ng&u nhi?n
laser iffiffor
'co
500
n
Natant
400
300
200
100
nrela 110 no.Srb. *Sat Sara Tel talbsb**-1
0
300
250
200
100
150
0
so
Hinh 3.2 MO hinh di chuyin Song ngdu nhien
Thin Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
41
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH.CHUYEN HONG MANET
MO hinh nay khiic phuc nhirqc diem ciia m8 hinh Random Waypoint, do cac nut trong mo hinh Random Waypoint thubng chop cac dich men va xic suAt chip dusting la trung tam khu vtrc mo phong hoac dtrong di qua trung tam khu Arc mo phong. !Chi cite nut mang co xu huong hOi tp, phan tin. . . trong m8 hinh di chuyen huang new nhien, cac nut chon Wang thay vi chin dich, sau de no di chuyen theo huemg de den bien elm khu vue mo phong, ngay khi den bien no dung Iii trong mOt khoiling thin gian va chin hirerng khic (0, 180°) va tiAp tuc qui trinh .
Trion Van Tua n-A 14325 (cid:9)
42
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN DON.G MANET
TONG KET
Viec lva chip cac thong s64 danh gia giao thirc va mo hinh di chuyen la rat quart tong. Thong qua cac thong s6 do, ta co the dinh gia &roc diem mph cling nhu diem yeu dm mOt giao thirc mang. Qua do, ta co the Iva chin dugc giao thirc phi' hop cho
nhUng gia thiet vi yeu ciu at ra.
Tra'n Van Tulin-A14325 (cid:9)
43
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG WONG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++
CHVONG 4. MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LONG CUA AODV,
OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET -i-F
Chuang nay se &en thieu ve cling co de mo phong giao thirc dinh tuyen mang Ad hoc, m8 phimg the giao thirc dinh tuyen, gib thiet (tau vao cho qua trinh m8 pheing. K'et qua m6 pheing ve danh gia, ket luon.
4.1 Gi6i thieu thong ve omnet++
4.1.1 Ting quan vi Omnet++
4.1.1.1 Omnet ++ la gi ?
OMNeT++ la viet tit cim corn tir Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++. OMNeT++ la m'Ot img dong cung cap cho nguiri sir citing m8i truing de tien hart mo pheong hoot Ong cim mang. Moc dich chinh cua img (long la me pheng hoot dOng cna mang thong tin, toy nhien do tinh ph6 cjp vi link hoot dm n6, OMNeT++ cOn duqc sir dong trong nhieu filth we Ichac nhu m8 phimg cat hg tilting thong tin phirc top, the mang kieu hang doi (queing networks) hay the lden true phan cirng...
OMNeT++ cung cap sin the thimh phan tucmg img yeti the m8 hinh than te. Cac thinh phan nay (dm duqc goi la the module) duqc lop trinh theo nem nga C++, sau duqc t#p hop lai thanh nhemg thanh plan hay nhing m8 hinh l•fm han bang mOt neon ngit boc cao (NED).OMNeT++ h6 to giao dien do hoa, tucmg (mg yen cat mo hinh ciu tree trio ne &Ong thiri phan nhan mo phimg (simulation kernel) va the module caa OMNeT++ ding rat a clang nhimg vao tong clic (mg dung khk. 4.1.1.2 Cie thAnh phin chinh cis OMNeT++
Trong OMNeT++ c6 ck Minh phan chinh sau:
(cid:226) Thu vien phin nhan mo phemg (simulation kernel)
(cid:226) Trinh bi'en dich cho nem net m8 to tinh tong (topology description
language) - NED (nedc)
(cid:226) Trinh bien tip d6 hoa (graphical network editor) cho cac file NED
(GNED)
(cid:226) Giao dien d6 hoa thoc hien m8 phi:mg, cac lien ket ben tong cac file
thoc hien m8 pheng (Tkenv)
(cid:226) Giao dien ding thoc hien mo ph6ng (Cmdenv)
(cid:226) Cong co (giao dien (16 hoa) ve do thj ket qua vector 6 du ra (Plove)
44 Trcin Van Twin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNED-F
(cid:226) Cong cu (giao dien d8 hqa) mo to ket qua vo huemg 6 dau ra (Scalars)
Cong cu tai lieu h6a cac mo hinh
> Ck tien ich khac
> Cac tai lieu huang dan, cac vi du mo ph6ng...
4.1.1.3 tang dyng
OMNeT++ 11 met c8ng cu me phimg cac hoot dOng mpg bang cac module duqc thiet ke huetng dal tuqng. OMNeT++ thuting duce sir dung trong cac img dung chit yeil nhu:
(cid:226) MO hinh boat dOng cim cac mang thong tin
(cid:226) MO hinh giao thirc
> MO hinh h6a cac mang kieu hang dqi
(cid:226) MO hinh hem cac he thOng da b0 vi xi: ly (multiprocessor) hoc cac he
thring phan ding theo cac m8 hinh phan tan !chic (distributed hardware systems)
> Danh gia kien Irk phin ding
> Dinh gia hieu qua hot dOng cim cac he' thong phtic tap...
4.1.1.4 MO hinh trong OMNeT++
MOt mO !firth trong OMNeT++ bao gam cac module 'Ong nhau cO au trim Oki cap. DO sau ciut cac module 16ng nhau li khong gieri han, dieu nay cho phip ngutri sir dung cO the bieu dien cac au trim logic dm cac he thong trong thuc to bang cac cau true m0 hinh. Cac module trao &Si thong tin veri nhau thong qua viec giri cac message. Ck message nay cO the cO eau trite phirc tap tiny y. Cac module c6 the giri cac message nay theo hai each, mOt lit giri true tiep toi dia chi nhan, hai la giri di theo mOt dutmg dan duce dinh sin, thong qua cac ding va cac ket nti.
Cac module co the co cac tham 56 dui rieng nit. Cac tham s6 nay e6 the duqc sir dung a chinh sirs de thutic tinh dm module vi de bieu dien cho topology cim mo hinh.
Cac module a mirc thap nit& trong eau trim phan cap deng gel cac thuk tinh. Cac module nay duqc coi la cac module dun gian, vfl chimg duqc lap trinh trong non ngft C++ bang each sir dung cite thu vien me ph6ng.
MOt mo hinh trong OMNeT++ chin cac module !Ong nhau cO eau tit phan cap, trao dal thong tin vat nhau bang each giri cac message. Mai mo hinh nay thuemg bieu
45 Trion Van Twin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LONG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++ dien cho met he th8ng mang. Module mire cao nhat trong cau trim phan cap dirge En la module he th6ng. Module nay c6 the chira cac module con, cac module con ding ce the chira cac module con cim ri'eng no. De thu phan cap d6i v6i cac module la Ichong gi6i han, dieu nay cho phep ngutri sir dung c6 the de ding bleu dien met au trim logic dm met he thong trong thue to bing cAu true phan cap cim OMNeT++.
CAu tree dm m8 hill!' ea the dugc m8 to bang nem no/ NED cim OMNeT++
module dun grin
module he thong (cid:9)
Hinh 4.1 Ccic module don gicin va kit hop
Cac module ce the chfra nhieu module con va dtrqc goi la module ket hqp. Cac module don gian la the module c6 cap thip nhAt trong cAu trim phan cap. Cac module don gian china tic thu$t town ciut m8 hinh. Ngubi sir dung then khai cac module don gian bang nem ngft C++, sir dung et thu vien m8 phong cim OMNeT++.
Cac module trao doi thong tin bang vies girl cac message. Trong time re, message c6 dung khung (frame) hok lit cac goi tin (packet) dirge truyen di trong mang. Cac message c6 the c6 cAu trite phirc tap thy Sr. Cac module don gian co the girl cite message di met each true tier) den vi tri nhon hooc girl di theo met duOng din djnh sin thong qua cac ctng (gates) va cac lien ket (links).
Cac ding (gates) la cac citing vio, ra cfm cac module. Message duce girl di qua
cac c6ng ra va duqc nhan vito thong qua cac ming vac).
Moi ket not (connection) hay con goi lit lien ket (link) duce to ben trong met mire don trong cAu true phan cap cim cac module: ben trong met module ket hqp, met ket n6i co the doge tiro ra giDa cac ding tuong img cim hai module con, hoc gifts citing cim module con v6i cOng dm module ket hqp.
Trim Van Tunn-A 14325 (cid:9)
46
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LONG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++
module cha
moduk con kit nit vdi module du
module can kit nal vdi nhau (cid:9)
Wink 4.2 Ccic kit ndi Tuong img vai cau true phan cap Cuff met mo hinh, cac message thuang di chuyen qua met loot cac ket not vai diem bit du va ket thic la cac module don gian. Tap cac kit not di tir met module don gihn va den met module don gian duqc gQi la
route. 4.1.2 Sri. dyng OMNeT++
4.1.2.1 Xey dyng vA ditty thir cac ma hinh ma phong
a. Met mo hinh OMNeT++ bao gem flitting phlin sau
> Ngon ngt/ m8 ta topology — NED (file c6 phtin mer reng .ned): me to ciu true caa module voi cac tham so, cac tong... Cac file.ned co the duqc viat bing
bit kt be soon thao hoic bit ky 130 soon thao hc:4c sir dung chuong trinh GNED
c6 trong OMNeT++
> Dinh nghia ciu tritc cita cac message (the file c6 phan ma reng .msg): Ngtreri sir dung c6 the dinh nghia rat nhieu kieu message va them cac truCmg du lieu cho thing. OMNeT++ se dich nheng dinh nghia nay sang cac lap C++ day
> Ma ngulin caa cac module don gian. Day la cac file C++ vai phlin ma
Ong la .h hoc .cc.
b. He thong m8 phong cung cap cho ta cac thanh phan sau
> Phan nhan mo phong. Phan nay chtia code de quart lY qua trinh mo
phong va cac thu vien 16p mo phong. NO duqc viet bing C++, duce bien dich va
duqc dit cling dung vai cac file thu vien (cac file co phan ma reng la .a hoic
> Giao dien ngutri sir dung. Giao dien nay duqc sir dung ;chi that hien qua trinh mo phong, too su a clang cho qua trinh sira 161, bieu dien (demonstration)
47
Trdn Van Tudn-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG COA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET+F
ho0c khi thuc hien and phong theo tong khoi (batch execution of simulations). C6 mOt vai kieu giao dien trong OMNeT++, tat ca deu duqc viet bring C++, duqc
bien djch va dat ding nhau trong the thu vien (cac file c6 phan ma rOng la .a
hoac .lib)
c. Thuc hien mo phtmg va phan tich ket qua
Cac chuang trinh thut hien mo phong (the simulation executable) la cac chuang trinh dOc lap, tire la n6 c6 the chay tren cac may khac kh8ng cai OMNeT++ hay cac file mo hinh tuang ling. Kid chuang trinh khoi dong, n6 bat deu doc file cau hinh (thong thutmg la file omnetpp.ini). File nay china the thiet lap dieu 'Nen nhieu qua trinh mo phong, trong trutmg hqp don gian that la the qua trinh mo phong nay se duqc thuc hien Ian Itrqt boi mOt chuang trinh m8 phong (simulation program).
Diu ra ciut qua trinh mo phong la cac file dry lieu. Cac file nay c6 the IA cac file vector, cac file v8 hating hoc cac file ciut ngutri sir dung. OMNeT++ cung cap mOt clang cm doi hqa Plove de xem va vd ra nOi dung ciut cac file vector. Tuy nhien chimg to cling nen hieu ring kh6 ma c6 the xir 15t day dit the file ket qua ma chi (king rieng OMNeT++, cac file nay deu la cac file c6 djnh dung de c6 the doc duqc bai cac gal xi' 15/ toan hoc ciut cac chuang trinh nhu Matlab hay Octave, hoac ce the duqc dua vito tinh cua cac chuang trinh nhu OpenOffice Calc, Gnumeric hay Microsoft Excel. Tit ca cac chuang trinh nay deu ce chirc nang chuyen dung trong viec phan tich so h6a, vd bieu dien (visualization) vuqt qua kha nang cita OMNeT++.
Cac file vo hutmg cang co the duqc bieu dien bang cac cong cu Scalar. NO ce the vd duqc cac bieu do, cac do thi dua vio tap hqp cac toa dO (x, y) va ce the xuat da lieu vao clipboard de c6 the sir dung trong cac chuang trinh khac nham dua nhang phan tich chi tiet hon.
d. Giao dien ngutd sir dtmg
Muc dich chinh ciut giao dien ngubi sir dung la the nicirng phin phirc tup ben trong cau trim cita cac m8 hinh dtd voi ngtrtri sir dung, de (icing dieu khien qua trinh mo phOng, va cho phep ngutri sir dung co Itha fling thay dOi cac bien hay cac did tutmg ben trong cua mo hinh. Dieu nay la rat quan tong dot vai pha phat trien va sire loi trong du an. Giao dien ced hoa cling co the duqc sir dung de trinh dien hoot dOng cita
and hinh.
Cling mOt mo hinh ngutri sir dung ce the trin nhieu giao dien khac nhau ma khong can phai thay did gi trong cac file mo hinh. Ngutri sir dung c6 the kiem thin va
48 Trei'n Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUKING CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET4--F
sira 18i rat d thing qua giao diEn do hos, cu6i cling c6 the choy ne dva tren met giao dien don giin va nhanh chOng c6 hO trq thvc hien theo khEi (batch execution)
e. Cac thu vien► thanh phin Cac kieu module co the dugc luu toi nhang vi tri dOc Igp vol chi; ma chin thvc skr duqc sir dung. DOc diem nay cung cap cho ngtreci sir dung kha nhem cac kiEu module loi vgi nhau va to ta cac thu vien thimh phin.
f. Cac chuong trinh m6 phong clOc !Op
Cac chuong trinh thvc hien qua trinh mo phong c6 the dirge Itru loi nhiau lin, !thong phu thuOc vao cac mo hinh, sir dung cling molt thitt lop cho cac module dun Wan. Nguti sir dung c6 the chi ra trong file ciu hinh m8 hinh nao se dirge choy. Dieu nay to !chi nang cho ngubi sir dung ce the xi), dung nheng chuong trinh thvc hien Ign bao gEm nhiEu qui trinh mo phong, vi phan ph6i ng nhu mOt cong cy mo phong dOc lip. Kha nal% linh hoot dm non ngii m8 ta topology cling hO trq cho hut:mg tiEp
can nay.
Nhu (la trinh bay 6 phis ma du, met he thEng mong m8 phong trong OMNeT++
4.1.2.2 Chyy de ling dyng trong OMNeT++
gEm cac thanh phin sau:
(cid:226) Cac file.ned m8 ta topo mong.
(cid:226) Cic file c6 phin mg rong .msg chira khai bao the message.
(cid:226) Cac file C++ (c6 phin mg ring la .cc trong UNIX hoItc .cpp trong
Windows)
Qua trinh xay dung mOt chuong trinh mo phong
(cid:226) Diu tien, dich cac file NED va cac file message thinh C++, sir dyng
NED compiler (nedc) va message compiler (opp_msgc).
(cid:226) Qua trinh tiep theo giEng nhu hien dich ma nguEn C/C++
file.o. 3 Trong Linux: cac file .cc (cid:9)
3 Trong Windows: cac file .cpp —n file .obj.
3 Sau d6 tat ca cac file tre'n se duqc lien keit (link) yeti cac thu vier
can thiet de to thanh file .exe.
Cu the ta can phai lien ket voi cac thu vien sau:
Trek; Van Tucin-A 14325 (cid:9)
49
M6 PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET4-1-
(cid:226) Phan nhan mo ph:mg dugc gqi lit sim_std (nhu cac file libsim_std.a,
(cid:226) Giao dien nguiyi dimg: cung cap thu vin m8i tru?tng (file libenvir.a, etc)
sim_std. lib, etc)
va cac tien ich tkenv va cmdenv (libtkenv.a, libcmdenv.a, etc). Ck file .o (hok
.obj) phai dugc lien ket ten thu vin mai truang cling yeti hok tkenv hokic
cmdenv.
Hinh 4.3 cho chimg ta hinh anh qua trinh xir ly khi mo hinh dirge xay dung vi
hoot dOng
*.ned la cac file mo to topo mang cling nhu cau trim ciut cac modul, n6 sir dung nein ngft NED (Nework Description), la nem ngft chuyen bier clung rieng cho OmNet++. Su phat trien tiep theo cos NED lit GNED (Graphic NED) liun cho viec me ta topo mpg dirge titre quan han bAng mach ding cac cong cu do hog de m8 ta. Cac file ned sau d6 dugc NEDC (NED compiler) djch sang code C++ de mo ta cau tree mpg sang nem ngft C++ dual clang file *_.cc.
Cac file xii ly cilia cac simple moduls la phiin cot lei khi via chuang trinh m8 phang vi dugc vitt bang non ngft C++ bang mach ke Mira cac lap co sin dm OmNet++, ngued vi'et trien khai cac hoot dOng cim mang nhu djnh tuyen, Xif Ii gal tin den vi di, xac dinh hanh vi cim cac simple modul dugc me to trong *.ned khi c6 sr
kien xay ra veri n6....
Thu vien lei cim chuang trinh mo pheng dirge cung cap bai OmNet++, no bao gem eat nhieu cac lap vi cac ham c6 sin phuc vu cho chuang trinh me phong nhu cac lap cSimplemodul, cMessage. . . , cac him ngAu nhien... Thu vin giao dien nguai ding cung cap giao dien cho Chuang trinh m8 phong. OmNet++ yen cac phien ban gat) day sir dung hai kieu giao dien lit giao dien dung lenh cmd (command) va giao dien de hofi dva tren tcl/tIc. Giao dien de hog rat true quan nen dugc tra dung han. Sau khi djch va lien ket ta dugc met chuang With mo pheing dva tren nen OmNet++.
File omnetpp.ini de kheri dOng cac gia tti can thiet. omnetpp.ini do ngtrai lop trinh viet, n6 rat quan tong de chgy met chucmg trinh mo phong vai cac tham so dugc thay del de c6 dirge ket qua thong ke mong muen.
50
CuOi cling la cac file ket qua bao gem file *.vec lit cac file vector, no IA cac Bien thay dei theo than gian trong qua trinh me phOng, gia tri cim bien va theri gian ttrcmg ling dugc luu vao file nay. Trong qua trinh viet code se xac dinh bien nao dugc luu.
Triin Van Tudn-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++ File *.sna phuc vu cho qua trinh sira 161. File *.sca (scalar file) Itru cac gia try' thong ke c6 duqc sau khi ket th6c mo phong, vi du nhu se cuOc gqi da thut hien s6 cuOc gqi hi tir ch6i... De xi: Ii ket quit th6ng ke dat duqc, to co the viel mOt chuong trinh nhe hoac sir dung cac cong cu co sin. OmNet++ cung cap chuong trinh Plove de ye cac file
/ *.a
Thu vin giao dien ngubi clang (cid:9)
cur 19 dm le modules
Thu vien 161 dui chuang With m6 phong *Jib / *.a
File mo to . A (cid:9) eau true mpg
NEDC comp ingi
File mo ti eau true mang sau khi dieht_n.ce
• compi ing
• Linking
Chuang trinh m6 phong
File dm hinh Omnetop.ini
Choy chuong trinh
File ket qua
*.vec, *.sna, *.sca
Hinh 4.3 Luqc d6 xay dung va chay mOt chuong trinh mo phong
(cid:9) I
OMNeT++
*.vec, con doi vei cac file *.sca to co the dimg *It chuong trinh tinh town bat ki.
4.2 MO piping
51
4.2.1 Khdi Igo trid phdng
Trion Van Tucin-A 14325 (cid:9)
MO PRONG VA DANH GIA,THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++
Trong tit ca cic kjch bin me pheng, chuyen de sir dung mo hinh di chuyen
Random Waypoint yeti cac thong se sau:
• Van t6c toi da speed.: 6 bit kY thin diem nio van tee cO giA tri ngau nhien
trong khoang [0, speed.].
• SO nut mang: giA tri nay khong thay dei trong town be qua trinh me phong,
chuyen de sir dung 25 nut mung trong kich ban mo phong.
• Kich ce mei truing mo pheng: chuyen de sir dung khu sruc mo pheng
500x500m cho town be kich ban m8 phong.
• Thai gian mo phong : 300s cho tat cal kjch bim mo
• Thai gian tam dimg: thay dei yen cac gia tri 0, 100, 200, 300.
4.2.2 mot a kink dnh md pining
Sau day IA tan to cac qua trinh cua DYMO: Kit phi tuyen bAng cach giri
RREQ, giri bin tin RREP, girl g8i tin de lieu, vi giri ACK bio nhan.
Tnr6c khi giri gal tin tan met dich, mot nut se kiem tra trong BO nher tuyen Cult ne c6 tuyen tea dich de hay khong. Neu khong cO, n6 se giri bin tin RREQ de Kham phi tuyen (hinh 4.4).
52
Trion Van Tuan-A 14325 (cid:9)
M6 PRONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET-H-
Binh 4.3 Qua irinh gui Mtn tin RREQ can DYMO Cac net nh$n thrqc bin tin RREQ, neu nut d61i dich hoec biet mot tuyen diking
tai dich, ne se pH Ini ban tin RREP vi nguen (hinh 4.5)
53
Trtin Vern Tan -A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET+-F
Hinh 4.4 Qua irinh gtii ban tin RREP So DYMO
Nhu Sy, nirt ngu6n dit c6 met tuyen tei dick vh n6 thuc hien qua trinh gin gni tin
dft lieu hinh (hlnh 4.6).
Hinh 4.5 Qua frith gii got tin dit lieu cia DYMO
54
Trion Vern Tutin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUQNG CI:JA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET4-1-
Nit (Itch then duqc g6i tin &it lieu, n6 se gig ACK tei nit ngu6n de the then n6
dil then duvc g6i til nut ngu8n (hInh 4.7).
Minh 4.6 Qua winh gzii ACK &Jo nluAn nia DYMO
4.2.3 Kit ca nth pining clic giao Mt dink tayin MANET
Kjch bin li met phiin rift quan trong trong m8 phOng, 6 day chuyen de dua ra 4 gia tri cAn do cho thbi gian tam dUng cos not mang: 0, 100, 200, 300. TWA gian tam dUng bang 0, nit mang chuyen den lien Mc; thbi gian tam ding bang 300, nut mpg cot nhu dung yen (khfing chuyin dOng). Clic nit bit dim giri g6i tin dit lieu sau 60s
(man KA tu)•
(cid:9) 55
TM?: Von Tuin -A14325
MO PRONG VA DANH G1A THONG LUQNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET-H-
GM tri
Then se
250m
Phan) vi tiny& din
54Mbps (802. 11g) Bang thong
300s Thai gian ma phang
500m x 500m Kich dunk mai Mating ma phang
CBR Lag I= hrqng
4 packet's T6c da gfri gni tin
512 bytes Kich thug gni tin
25 S6 not
5 S6 nguiln gni gni tin
20m/s
Tic dO t6i da
Bong 4.1 Bong thong so &kith gill ditng trong nu5 phdng
4.2.3.1 Thong hnyng din cm& - din cu&
TIIROUGHPUT
0.7
•
0.6
0.5
I 0.4
I 0.3
y
0.2
0.1
a 'Noe re -•11- 3n: —B- . OUR .0•400a
.
. (cid:9)
0
300
250 (cid:9)
zoo (cid:9)
100 (cid:9)
0
so (cid:9)
in (cid:9) pan-11510(0)
JBnh 4.7 Ming itrong dein cud! - dJu cudi
56
Train Van Tudin-A14325 (cid:9)
MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUGNG CUA AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++
Qua bieu de th8ng luqng
(cid:226) Th8ng luqng cua DYMO la cao nhat do DYMO la giao that djnh tuyen hoot
nhan.
dOng theo you cliu hoGc theo bang dieu khien, la sy t6i tat cua DSR vi AODV. Khi cac nut mang chuyen Ong lien toc, thong luqng cia DYMO van rat cao
(cid:226) Khi 'TICK de di chuyen tang (giiun pausetime) thi th8ng luqng dm 3 giao thic DSR, AODV, OLSR giim rb ret vein mile giam Wang dtrcmg nhau. Trong khi di thi DYMO the hien di:cc sv On djnh ciut minh khi ci thong luqng khi cao. OLSR co thong luqng cao hon AODV vi DSR
4.2.4 Minh gill in) kit luOn
(cid:226) Thong luqng cua OLSR cao han AODV vi DSR vi OLSR ci the dip ung khi topo mang thay d6i, no cho phep khim phi tuyen nhanh chong ten cic hang xim vi cic MPR cis chin de thitt lop ket not veri cic nut khac
Trong mei tru?mg kich cer trung binh vi so luqng nut nh6, khi m#t dg di chuyen, hay ilk dg phit gen Ling dttn thi DYMO la giao thic hoot den khi An djnh khi ci if lg gen nha'n cao hon so veri cic giao tithe khic. Tuy nhien, theo met s6 kit qui nghien ciru cho they DYMO Iii to ra khi nhieu bin tin djnh tuyen so vai AODV vi DSR. Do viy, khong the khang djnh DYMO la met giao thic tei tru.
57
Trtin Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
Hien nay chua co met giao thic nio c6 the dip ting day du yeu can veri met giao thic djnh Wyatt trong MANET. Cac giao attic can dtrqc cii tien han Tao de co the dap Crng duqc cho MANET ding than he) trq multicast, QoS, bao mat_
!CET LUAN
CHUtING 5. ICET LUAN
MANET hien dang tham gia vao mQi met dm cu(ic sting vi him hgn se phat then monk me trong Prong lai. Do Ii met phan ding nghe dm mang khOng day nen MANET duoc thira huemg nhieu uu diem dm mpg khong day hien nay vi long thoi ding co nhOng uu the dee biet ma cAc mpg khac khong co. Chuyen deli sv thin then tong quan ve MANET. Ngoai ra, chuyen de ding Cep trung vao nghien elm cac giao that djnh tuyen MANET hien nay, cv the 11 him giao thirc DYMO, DSR, AODV, OLSR. DOng thoi sit dog ding cv m8 pheing OMNET++ de phan tich dart gia chit Itromg giao that djnh tuyen MANET (DYMO, DSR, AODV, OLSR). Qua do, chung to they duqc the moth vi Nut the cue tang lovi giao thirc; kh8ng co giao that nao dap irng du tieu chuan MANET ve met QoS, bito met.
MANET van con IA met cong nghe mei trong vii nem gim day 6 Viet Nam vi chua co !Mien ket qua thir ng,hiem, danh gift ve no. Do de, viec tham gia rat hart che, veri ngueri nghien elm chi co each dimg m8 pheng. Chinh vi voy, djnh Wong phat tri'e'n cila em la ngoAi viec nghien tiro li thuyet, se tim hien situ han ve ding cv me pherng OMNET++ de co ket qui me pheng chinh 'the va day do. D'Ong then em se di situ tim hieu ve kha nang trien khai MANET vao thvc tien tai Viet Nam. Trong tuang lai, em mong mu& se tiep toe nghien eau ve van de nay ding nhu phat then mer rOng no.
Cling do thoi gian nghien dm nen kh8ng tranh khai thieu set, em rat mong then ducm sv nhon xet, demg gap y kien dia the they co trong be mon ding nhu trong khoa de chuyen de cua em duce holm thien hen nth.
MOt Ian naa em xin char thath dun an they Hoang Trong Minh da nhiet tinh
twang clan, chi brio vA djnh htremg cho em thvc hien thanh cong chuyen de.
HA N0i, thing 7 nam 2013.
Sinh vien
Trap Van Tuan
58
Trim Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TAI LIEU THAM ICHAD
TAI LitU•THAM KHAO
[1] Subir Kumar Sarkar, T G Basavaraju, C Puttamadappa, "MANET Mobile Wireless Network Principles, protocols, and Applications", Auerbach Publications,
2007.
[2] Amitabh Mishra, "Security and quality of service in MANET wireless
networks", Cambridge University Press, 2008.
[3] Prasant Mohapatra and Srikanth Krishnamurthy, "MANET network
Technologies and Protocols", Spinger Science and Business Media, 2005.
[4] Michel Barbeau and Evangelos Kranakis, "Principles of MANET
networking", Wiley, 2007.
June 15, [5] Krishna Gorantala, "Routing Protocols in Mobile MANET network",
2006.
[6] Jabson Andres, " Metric in MANET networks", Master thesis, 2000.
[7] Narendra Singh Yadav and R. P. Yadav, "The Effects of Speed on the
Performance of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Network".
[8] Azzedine Boukerche, "Algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile
MANET network", Wiley, 2009.
[9] A. Boukerche, "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for MANET
Wireless Networks", Mobile Networks and Applications, 9, pp. 333 -342, 2004.
[10] Samir R. Das, "Performance Comparison of Two On -demand Routing Protocols for MANET Networks", Division of Computer Science The University of
Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, TX 78249-066 U. S. A.
[11] Sehrish Abrejo, Asadullah Shah, Kamran Khowaja, Asma Ansari Pakistan
"Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols using Scenario Based Mobility Models",
Department of Computer Science Isra University, Hyderabad.
[12] Ashwini Kumar Pandey, "Study of MANET Routing Protocols by Simulation
Experiments", Department of Computer Science Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville MAY 2004
59 Tran Van Tulin-A 14325 (cid:9)
TAI Lieu TRAM KHAO
[13] Farooq Anjum and Petros Mouchtaris, "Security- for wireless MANET
networks" , Wiley, 2007
[14] Georgios Koltsidas and Fotini -Niovi Pavlidou, "Single -path and Multipath Routing Algorithms for Mobile MANET Networks", Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
[15] S. Gowrishankar, T. G. Basavaraju, M. Singh, Subir Kumar Sarkar ,
"Scenario based Performance Analysis of AODV and OLSR in Mobile MANET
Networks", Jadavpur University, Acharya Institute of Technology India
[16] http://tools. ietf. org/html/draft-ietf-manet-aodv-09
[17] http://tools. ietf. org/html/draft-ietf-manet-dymo-17
[18] http://hipercom. inria. fr/olsr/draft-ietf-manet-olsr-11 . txt
[19] http://www. ietf. org/proceedings/04mar/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09 . txt
60 Tr/2n Van Twin-A 14325 (cid:9)
