Đ C NG ÔN T P KI M TRA H C K IIỀ ƯƠ Ậ Ể Ọ Ỳ
MÔN TI NG ANH 8 Ế
A. Grammar
I. Phares of purpose: in order (not) to
so as to (not) to + infinitive : - > đc dùngượ ñeå dieãn taû 1 muïc
ñích.
Ex: 1/ I study English well. I want to communicate with foreigners.
I study English well to / in order to / so as to communicate with foreigners.
2/ She gets up late because she doesn’t want to go to school late.
She gets get up not to / in order not to / so as not to go to school late.
II. Can / Could / Will / Would + you + V . . . .? ( lôøi ñeà nghò, yeâu caàu)
Ex: - Would you like + to-inf . . . ? - Yes, please / No, thanks .
-Can I get you + V bare inf . . . ? - That would be nice.
-Will you have / Won’t you have . . . ? - No, thank you.
III . adjectives
1. ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE : It’s + adjective + to - V
- It’s dangerous to swim in that river. ( Bôi ôû con soâng ñoù thaät nguy hieåm.)
- It’s easy to learn English. ( Raát deã hoïc tieáng Anh. / Hoïc tieáng Anh raát deã.)
* Nh ng tính t th ng g p:ữ ừ ườ ặ
easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, lovely, interesting, nice, great…
=> It’s + adj + to V….. = To V .. + tobe + adj = V-ing.. + tobe + adj
2- ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN CLAUSE:
Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause ( that + S +v)
- They are delighted that you passed your exam. (Hoï raát vui khi baïn thi ñaäu.)
- He was happy that you remembered his birthday. ( OÂng aáy raát vui khi baïn nhôù sinh nhaät cuûa oâng
aáy.)
* Nhöõng Adjectives thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø:
happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry…
IV: The present perfect tense: thì hi n t i hoàn thànhệ ạ
1-Công th cứ: (+) S + have/ has + V3/ed................
(-) S + have / has + not + V3/ed...........
(?) Have/ Has + S + V3/ed.................?
-Yes, S + have/ has.
-No, S + have/ hasn’t.
2- Cách dung:
-Di n t 1 s vi c v a m i x y ra.ễ ả ự ệ ừ ớ ả
Ex: She has just arrived at the airport.
They have begun a new English class recently.
- Di n t s vi c x y ra không nh rõ th i gian.ễ ả ự ệ ả ớ ờ
Ex: I have already seen that play.
Have you ever been to New York?
He has not repaired his car yet?
- Di n t m t s vi c đã x y ra trong quá kh và còn liên quan đn hi n t iễ ả ộ ự ệ ả ứ ế ệ ạ
Ex: I have learned English since 2000.
I have learned English for 3 years.
3 – Các t đi kèm:ừ
Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to
the present, till now(cho t i bây gi ), all + my/ his/…. + life.ớ ờ
* V trí c a các t : ị ủ ừ - Just, never, ever, already đng ngay sau have/ has.ứ
- Yet, before đng cu i câu.ứ ố
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*Notes: yet: ch dùng trong câu ph đnh và câu h i. ỉ ủ ị ỏ
For + kho ng th i gian.ả ờ
Since + m c th i gian quá kh . ố ờ ở ứ
Never: mang nghĩa ph đnh.ủ ị
III. PASSIVE FORM : câu b đngị ộ
S + V + O
S + be + V3/ed +.... by+O
1.Simple present tense:
S + V-s,es + O
S + am/ is/ are + V3/ed + .... by+ O
Ex: The workers make the pens.
The pens are made by workers.
2.Sinple past tense:
S + V-ed + O
S + was / were V3/ed + .... by+ O
EX: I visited my grandparents last week.
My parents were visited last week.
3. Present perfect:
S + have/ has + V- pII + O
S + have/ has + been + V3/ed +....by+ O
Ex:They have built this house since last week.
This house has been built since last week
4.Model verbs: ( can, will, may, shall, should…)
S + modal + V + O
S + modal + be + V3/ed +....by+O
Ex:He can ride this bike.
This bike can be riden
IV: Present Participle Phrases(Ving) hi n t i phân t và Past Participle Phrases (V3/ed) quá kh phân ệ ạ ừ ứ
t :ừ
Có hai lo i Participle Phrases : ạPresent Participle Phrases và Past Participle Phrases.
a. Present Participle Phrases: di n t ý ch đng ho c đang làm gì. Thể ả ủ ộ ặ ngườ dùng v i ng iớ ườ
- The boy standing over there is Jack.
- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.
b. Past Participle Phrases: di n t ý b đng (Passive). ể ả ị ộ Th ng dùng v i ườ ớ đ v tồ ậ
- The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
- The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
2- C©u yªu cÇu vµ ®Ò nghÞ:
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Chuùng ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây ñeå ñöa ra 1 lôøi ñeà
nghò hoaëc yeâu caàu.
Löu yù ñoäng töø ñöùng sau mind phaûi ôû daïng V-ing (Gerund)
C«ng thøc: Do you mind +V-ing
Would you mind
- Do you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.)
- Would you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.)
* Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
-No, I don’t mind. - No, of course not.
-Not at all. - No problem.
* Neáu khoâng theå laøm theo yeâu caàu, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
-I’m sorry, I can’t. - I’m afraid, I can’t.
-I’m sorry, that is not possible.
Neáu muoán xin pheùp cho mình laøm chuyeän gì, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
C«ng thøc: Do you mind if I + V- inf ...... ?
Would you mind if I + V-2/ed ......... ?
-Do you mind if I open the window? (Toâi môû cöûa soå coù phieàn cho baïn khoâng?)
-Would you mind if I opened the window? (Toâi môû cöûa soå coù phieàn cho baïn khoâng?)
* Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
-No, I don’t mind. - No, of course not.
-Not at all. - No problem.
-Please do. - Please go ahead.
Neáu khoâng ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
- I’d prefer you didn’t.
- I’d rather you didn’t.
VI: Past progressive : Quá kh ti p di n ứ ế ễ
(+)S + was/ were + V-ing…
(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing…
(?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing...?
-Yes, S + was/ were.
-No, S + was/ were + not.
b-C¸ch dïng:
- DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.
- DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra th× hµnh ®éng kh¸c c¾t ngang.
Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV.
(hµnh ®éng nµo x¶y ra tríc: chia ë QKTD, hµnh ®éng x¶y ra sau: chia ë QK§ vµ ®i kÌm when)
- DiÔn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng cïng x¶y ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
Ex: While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper.
c-C¸c tõ ®i kÌm:
At 8 o’clock last night, at this time, last week/ month/ year, when + QKĐ, while.
* Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng chia ë th× tiÕp diÔn:
Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish…
->past progressive with WHEN : S + was/ were + V-ing . . . when + S + V2 / ed . . .
->past progressive with WHILE : S + V 2 / ED . . . + while + S + was / were + V-ing . . .
Di n t 2 hành đng x y ra song songễ ả ộ ả S + was/were + Ving. . . + while + S + was / were + V-
ing . . .
Ex: she was walking when we met her
The doorbell rang while Tom is watching TV
We were playing game while my mother was cooking
VII: Present continuous with always - Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi always: Mang ý nghÜa than
phiÒn, phàn nàn:
You are always getting up late in winter.
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Mai is always getting up late in winter.
S + am/ is / are + always + V ing
VII: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE
1. QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO- INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive
Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø: tell, show, point out, learn …
-He told me what to do.
-He showed us how to open the box.
-He pointed out where to get tickets.
2. VERB + TO-INFINITIVE
Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø:
start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, …
-I want to buy a new shirt.
-He decided to go home.
-They started to run.
3. COMPOUND WORDS: noun – V-ing
Haõy nhaän xeùt caùch thaønh laäp tónh töø keùp trong caùc ví duï sau:
- The people who love peace => The peace-loving people
- The story that breaks our heart => The heart-breaking story.
-
VII: REPORTED SPEECH
a.Commands, requests in Reported Speech: têng thuËt c©u yªu cÇu hoÆc ®Ò nghÞ
*Kh¼ng ®Þnh:
Tr c ti p: “Please, V + ……., + (Tên)” , S + said / told.ự ế
Gián ti p: S + told + O(tên) + to + V………..ế
EX: “Please wait for me, Mary”. Tom said
=>Tom told Mary to wait for him.
*Phñ ®Þnh:
Tr c ti pự ế : “Please, Don’t + V + ……., + (Tên)” , S + said / told.
Gián ti p: S + told + O(tên) + not + to + V………..ế
VD: “Don’t talk in class!” teacher said.
=> Teacher told the students not to talk in class.
b. Advice in Reported Speech: têng thuËt lêi khuyªn
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Miss Wilson said Tim should use this book.
Miss Wilson said Tim should get up earlier.
Miss Wilson said you should use that book.
Miss Wilson said you should get up earlier
*Cã thÓ tæng hîp thµnh b¶ng sau :
COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH
Imperatives Direct speech Indirect speech
Affirmative
Imperative
V1 + ……
Mike said to Henry, “Come in,
please.”
S+ told / asked O + to + V1 + ……
Mike told Mary to come in.
Negative
Imperative
Don’t + V1 + ……
"Don't play on the grass, boys,"
she said.
S+ told / asked O + not + to + V1 + …
She asked the boys not to play on the grass.
Requests
“Can/could/ may /might you...?”
“Could you close this door?”, said
Nam to me.
S+ told / asked O + to V1...
Nam asked / requested me to close that door.
Advice
“ You should / ought to +
V1….”
He said to his son,” You should
do your homework tonight.”
S+ told + O +(that) S+ should/ ought + to V1...
He told his son he should do his homework that night.
Direct speech Reported speech - Ngôi th nh t chuy n v ngôi ng i cùng nóiứ ấ ể ề ườ
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(I
he, she; me
him/ her; my
his, her )
- Ngôi th hai chuy n v ngôi ng i cùng ngheứ ể ề ườ
(you
I, we, he, she, they; you
me, us, him,
her, them; your
my...)
-Ngôi th ba không đi ngôiứ ổ (he/she/ it/ they)
This / These / Here
That / Those / There
Now/ Today/ Tonight
Then /That day /That night
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Next week / year
Last week / year
The next/ following day
The day before
The following week/ year
The previous week / year
c. Direct – reported speech : (C©u trùc tiÕp- C©u gi¸n tiÕp)
+ C©u trùc tiÕp: lµ c©u nãi ®îc thuËt l¹i ®óng nguyªn v¨n lêi cña ngêi nãi.
VD: Tom said, “I like reading books”.
* Note: c©u trùc tiÕp ®îc viÕt trong ngoÆc kÐp, vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi mÖnh ®Ò têng thuËt bëi dÊu phÈy.
+ C©u gi¸n tiÕp: lµ lêi nãi ®îc thuËt l¹i víi ý vµ tõ cña ngêi thuËt nhng vÉn gi÷ nguyªn ý.
VD: Tom said he liked reading books.
Note: C©u gi¸n tiÕp kh«ng bÞ ng¨n c¸ch bëi dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoÆc kÐp vµ lu«n tËn cïng b»ng dÊu
chÊm.
*Nh÷ng thay ®æi khi chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp :
-§æi ng«i, ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn theo quy t¾c.
1-§æi ng«i:
-Ng«i thø nhÊt: I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves ®îc ®æi theo ng«i cña chñ ng÷ ë
mÖnh ®Ò têng thuËt.
Tom said, “I like reading books”.
--> Tom said he liked reading books.
-Ng«i thø 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves ®îc ®æi theo ng«i cña t©n ng÷ cña mÖnh ®Ò têng
thuËt.
He said to me, “You can take my book”.
--> He said to me (that) I could take his book”.
Ng«i thø 2 ®îc ®æi thµnh ng«i thø 3 nÕu mÖnh ®Ò têng thuËt kh«ng cã t©n ng÷.
He said, “You can take my book”.
--> He said she could take his book”.
-Ng«i thø ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves gi÷ nguyªn
VD: Mai said, “They can’t finish their homework”.
--> Mai said they couldn’t finish their homework”.
2-§æi th×:
Khi chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp ta ph¶i lïi 1 th× :
Trùc tiÕp Gi¸n tiÕp
+HiÖn t¹i ®¬n (V1)
+HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn ( is/am/are+Ving)
+T¬ng lai : Will/ shall
+ must, has/have to
-->Qu¸ khø ®¬n (V2/ed)
-->Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn (was/were + Ving)
-->T¬ng lai trong qu¸ khø : Would/ should
→ had to
3-§æi tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn:
Trùc tiÕp Gi¸n tiÕp
This
These
Here
Now
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Next week/ month/ year
That
Those
There
Then/ at one/ immediately.
That day
That night
The next/ following day.
The following week/ month/ year.
* C¸c d¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp chuyÓn sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp:
1-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u ph¸t biÓu ( statements)
*C«ng thøc:
Trùc tiÕp: S + said (that) S + V
-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + said + (that) S + V(lïi 1 th×)
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