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TO-INFINITIVES / BARE INFINITIVES / GERUNDS
(Đng t nguyên m u có “to”, nguyên m u không “to”, danh đng t )ộ ừ ẫ ẫ ộ ừ
1. To-infinitive / Infinitive with to
* Đng t nguyên m u có to đc dùng làm:ộ ừ ẫ ượ
- Ch ng c a câu:ủ ữ ủ To become a famous singer is her dream.
- B ng cho ch ng :What I like is ổ ữ ủ ữ to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand.
- Tân ng c a đng t It was late, so we decided ữ ủ ộ ừ to take a taxi home.
- Tân ng c a tính t I’m pleased ữ ủ ừ to see you.
* V + to-inf
- hope: hy v ng- offer: đ ngh - expect: mong điọ ề ị ợ
- plan: lên k h ach- refuse: t ch i- want: mu nế ọ ừ ố ố
- promise: h a- pretend: gi v - fail: th t b i, h ngứ ả ờ ấ ạ ỏ
- attempt: c g ng, n l c- tend: có khuynh h ng- threaten: đe d aố ắ ỗ ự ướ ọ
- intend: đnh- seem: d ng nh - decide: quy t đnhị ườ ư ế ị
- manage: xoay s , c g ng - agree: đng ý- ask: yêu c uở ố ắ ồ ầ
- afford: đáp ng- arrange: s p x p- tell: b oứ ắ ế ả
- appear: hình nh - learn: h c/ h c cách- invite: m iư ọ ọ ờ
- would like- offer: cho, t ng, đ nghặ ề ị
* Trong các c u trúc:ấ
+ It takes / took + O + th i gian + to-infờ
+ ch m c đíchỉ ụ
+ b ng cho danh t ho c đi t : ổ ữ ừ ặ ạ ừ S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf
I have some letters to write.
Is there anything to eat?
+ It + be + adj + to-inf: th t … đ ..ậ ể
Ex: It is interesting to study English
+ S + be + adj + to-inf
Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.
+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf
+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf
+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf
Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
- Sau các t nghi v n: what, who, which, when, where, how,… ừ ấ (nh ng th ng không dùng sau why)ư ườ
Ex: I don’t know what to say.
* Note:
- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-infShe allowed me to use her pen.
- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ingShe didn’t allow smoking in her room
II. Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to
* V + O + bare inf
- let- make- had better- would rather
Note be + made + to-inf
- help + V1 / to-inf
- help + O + V1 / to-inf
- help + O + with + N
Ex: My brother helped me do my homework.
My brother helped me to do my homework.
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My brother helped me with my homework.
* Đng t ch giác quanộ ừ ỉ
- Các đng t ch tri giác: ộ ừ ỉ hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + V1
(ch s hoàn t t c a hành đng – nghe ho c th y toàn b s vi c di n ra)ỉ ự ấ ủ ộ ặ ấ ộ ự ệ ễ
Ex: I saw her get off the bus.
- Các đng t ch tri giác: ộ ừ ỉ hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + V-ing
(ch s vi c đang di n ra)ỉ ự ệ ễ
Ex: I smell something burning in the kitchen.
III. GERUND (V-ing)
* Danh đng t có th đc dùng làm:ộ ừ ể ượ
- Ch t c a câu:ủ ừ ủ Swimming is my favourite sport.
- B ng c a đng t :My hobby is ổ ữ ủ ộ ừ collecting stamps.
- Tân ng c a đng t :I enjoy ữ ủ ộ ừ traveling.
* V + V-ing
- mention: đ c p đn- quit: t b - risk: có nguy cề ậ ế ừ ỏ ơ
- fancy: thích- deny: ph nh n- involve: liên quanủ ậ
- detest: ghét- encourage: khích l - consider: xem xétệ
- imagine: t ng t ng- miss: b l - It is no use: không có íchưở ượ ỏ ỡ
- It is no good: không t t- postpone: hoãn l i- suggest: đ nghố ạ ề ị
- practice: luy n t p- finish- admit: th a nh nệ ậ ừ ậ
- avoid: tránh- mind: ng i- delay: hoãnạ
- hate: ghét
- waste / spend: lãng phí, b ra (th i gian, ti n b c)ỏ ờ ề ạ
- have difficulty / trouble: g p khó khăn/tr ng iặ ở ạ
- can’t help: không th khôngể
- can’t stand / can’t bear: không ch u đng n iị ự ỗ
- feel like: c m th y thíchả ấ
- look forward to: mong ch , mong điờ ợ
- It is (not) worth: đáng / không đáng
- keep / keep on: ti p t cế ụ
- be busy
- be used to / get used to
* Sau các liên t : ừafter, before, when, while, since,…
Ex: After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
* Sau các gi i t : ớ ừ on, in, at, with, about, from, to, without, ….
Ex: My sister is interested in listening to pop music.
IV. INFINITIVE OR GERUND (To-inf / V-ing)
1. Không thay đi nghĩa:ổ
- begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ing
Ex: It started to rain / raining.
2. Thay đi nghĩa:ổ
+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nh / quên/ nu i ti c vi c đã x y ra r i (trong quá kh )ớ ố ế ệ ả ồ ứ
+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nh / quên/ nu i ti c vi c ch a, s p x y ra (trong t ng lai)ớ ố ế ệ ƣ ắ ả ƣơ
Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
I remember meeting you some where but I can’t know your name.
Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday.
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+ stop + V-ing: d ng h n vi c gìừ ẳ ệ
+ stop + to-inf: d ng ….. đ …ừ ể
Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health.
On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper.
+ try + V-ing: thử
+ try + to-inf: c g ngố ắ
+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: c n đc (b đng)ầ ƣợ ị ộ
+ need + to-inf: c n (ch đng)ầ ủ ộ
Ex: I need to wash my car.
My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed.
+ C u trúc nh v :ấ ờ ả
S + have + O ng i + V1 + O v t ...ƣờ ậ
S + have + O v t + V3/-ed + (by + O ng i) ...ậ ƣờ
S + get + O ng i + to-inf + O v tƣờ ậ
S + get + O v t + V3/-ed + (by + O ng i)ậ ƣờ
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. Many young people are fond of -------------- football and other kinds of sports.
A. playB. to playC. playingD. played
2. They couldn’t help -------------- when they heard the little boy singing a love song.
A. laughingB. to laughC. laughD. laughed
3. Your house needs -------------- .
A. redecoratedB. redecoratingC. being redecoratedD. to redecorate
4. I remember -------------- them to play in my garden.
A. to allowB. allowC. allowingD. allowed
5. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid -------------- by
the supervisors?
A. to recognizeB. to be recognizedC. recognizingD. being
recognized
6. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather -------------- equally.
A. treatB. be treatedC. have treatedD. treating
7. Did you accuse Nam of -------------- a plate? Well, I saw him -------------- it off the table with his
elbow.
A. break/ knockB. breaking/ knocking C. to break/ to knockD. breaking/ knock
8. We found it very difficult -------------- with Gamma.
A. to workB. workC. workingD. worked
9. I can’t read when I am traveling. It makes me -------------- sick.
A. feelB. to feelC. feltD. feeling
10. I need -------------- what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me -------------- it?
A. to know/ to readB. know/ readC. to know/ readD. knowing/ read
11. I suggest -------------- some more mathematical puzzles.
A. doB. to doC. doingD. done
12. We regret -------------- you that we cannot approve your suggestion.
A. informB. to informC. informingD. informed
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13. The driver stopped -------------- a coffee because he felt sleepy.
A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. had
14. Have you ever considered -------------- a pharmacist?
A. becomeB. becomingC. to becomeD. became
15. You had better -------------- at home until you feel better.
A. stayingB. stayedC. to stayD. stay
16. I remember -------------- my mother said the grass in the garden needed --------------.
A. to hear/cuttingB. hear/cutC. heard/to cutD. hearing/ cutting
17. Peter sometimes help his sister --------------.
A. do homeworkB. to do homeworkC. with homeworkD. all are correct
18. I would rather -------------- at home than --------------out with you.
A. staying/goingB. to stay/ to goC. stay/goD. stayed/went
19. I would rather you --------------.
A. driveB. to driveC. droveD. driven
20. She didn’t say a word and left the room.
A. She left the room without saying a wordB. She leaving the room without saying a
word
C. She left the room saying a wordD. She left the room to say a word.
21. My father wanted me -------------- a pilot.
A. becomeB. to becomeC. becomingD. became
22. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy -------------- something.
A. writeB. writingC. to writeD. to writing
23. My teacher doesn’t allow us -------------- while he is explaining the lesson.
A. talkB. to talkC. talkingD. talked
24. We have plenty of time. We needn’t --------------
A. hurryB. to hurryC. hurryingD. hurried
25. I promised -------------- on time. I mustn’t -------------- late.
A. be/beB. to be/to beC. to be/ beD. be/to be
26. Mary and I are looking forward -------------- you.
A. of seeingB. for seeingC. to seeingD. to see
27. I’m sure that he knows -------------- this new machine.
A. to useB. usingC. how usingD. how to use
28. Psychiatrists and doctors have failed -------------- people not to drink.
A. to tellB. tellingC. tellD. told
29. The students are used to -------------- in the school library.
A. workingB. workC. to workD. worked
30. Our room needs -------------- up.
A. tidiedB. to tideC. tidyD. tidying
31. Mercury’s low gravity makes you -------------- very light in a spaceship.
A. feelB. feelingC. to feelD. felt
32. “ Was the test long?”. “ Yes, John was the only one -------------- it”
A. to finishB. finishingC. finishedD. finish
33. A lots of needs -------------- to the house before anyone can move in.
A. be doneB. doingC. to doD. done
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34. It is about time you -------------- harder for the next exam.
A. workedB. workingC. workD. to work
35. If he really doesn’t feel like ------------ now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air.
A. workB. to workC. workedD. working
TENSES (Thì)
1. Hi n t i đn (Simple present)ệ ạ ơ
S + V1/(s/es)
S + don’t / doesn’t + V1
Wh- + do / does + S + V1…?
- Dùng đ ch các hành đng thói quen, mang tính ch t l p đi l p l i.ể ỉ ộ ấ ặ ặ ạ
Ex: She usually gets up at 6 A.m.
- Dùng đ ch các s ki n và s th t hi n nhiên, chân lý.ể ỉ ự ệ ự ậ ể
Ex:Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade.
- hành đng trong t ng lai đc đa vào ch ng trình, k ho ch.ộ ươ ượ ư ươ ế ạ
Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th.
* D u hi u nh n bi t:ấ ệ ậ ế
every____ (every day, every week, every night,…..)
often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, as a rule……
twice a week, once a week….
2. Hi n t i ti p di n (Present progressive)ệ ạ ế ễ
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + am / is are + not + V-ing
Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing…?
- Dùng đ ch m t hành đng đang di n ra trong lúc nói.ể ỉ ộ ộ ễ
Ex: Listen! The bird is singing.
I am studying now.
- M t hành đng d ki n trong t ng lai g n đã đc s p x p xong.ộ ộ ự ế ươ ầ ượ ắ ế
Ex: They are playing tennis next week.
- V i ch ớ ữ always đ di n t m t hành đng th ng l p l i th ng xuyên, hay m t l i phàn nàn…ế ễ ả ộ ộ ườ ặ ạ ườ ộ ờ
Ex: He is always taking exams. He is always studying.
- Hai hành đng x y ra song song hi n t iộ ả ở ệ ạ
Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now.
- Hành d ng có tính ch t t m th iộ ấ ạ ờ
Ex: I often go to work by bus but today I am going by motorbike.
* D u hi u nh n bi t:ấ ệ ậ ế
- Câu b t đu b ng m t m nh l nh nh : ắ ầ ằ ộ ệ ệ ư Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent! Be quiet!....
ho c các c m t : ặ ụ ừ now, right now, at the moment, at the present, today, while, next…(ch ỉm tộ
d đnh)ự ị
3. Hi n t i hoàn thành (Present perfect):ệ ạ
S + have / has + V3/-ed
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed
Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…?
* Cách dùng:
- M t hành đng đã x y ra trong quá kh nh ng không có th i gian xác đnh.ộ ộ ả ứ ư ờ ị
Ex: I haven’t met him before.
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