Ngữ pháp môn Tiếng Anh lớp 8

Ớ

Ữ

Ế NG PHÁP TI NG ANH L P 8

Ả Ụ Ừ Ỉ Ế

ủ ể

C M T CH K T QU : enough , too ể a/ enough ….to (đ …..đ có th ) S + V + adj / adv + enough (for O) + toV1 S + V + enough + N + toV1 Ex: My sister can’t get married because she is young.

____________________________________________ I didn’t buy a new computer because I didn’t have money. ____________________________________________

b/ too ….to (quá ….không th )ể

S + V + too + adj / adv (for O) + toV1 Ex: He is very short, so he can’t play basket ball. He is ___________________________________

The house is very expensive. We can’t buy it. The house _________________________________

Ề Ệ

Ả ế ỗ Ỉ Ế M NH Đ CH K T QU a/ so ….that (quá … đ n n i)

S+ V+ so + adj / adv + that + S + can’t / couldn’t / wouldn’t + V1 ……

Ex: 1. The coffee is very hot. I can’t drink it. The coffee ________________________________ 2. I couldn’t catch him because he ran very fast. He ran _____________________________________. ế ỗ b/ such …. that (quá … đ n n i)

S+ V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + can’t / couldn’t / wouldn’t + V1 ……

ế ừ ố ượ ừ ừ ề ế ặ s nhi u ho c danh t không đ m đ là danh t c

Note: không dùng a, an n u danh t Ex: 1. It is a cool day. We don’t need to turn on the air conditioner. It is _______________________we don’t need to turn on the air conditioner. 2. It is such a long homework that I can’t finish it in an hour. The homework is so ___________________________________________

3. The bag was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it. It is such ___________________________________________________ Note: ấ C u trúc enough và too: ế khác nhau thì dùng for + O ạ ừ ể ỉ ừ ướ ủ ừ + n u 2 ch t ử ụ + không s d ng các đ i t it, her, him, them đ ch danh t phía tr c

ả ấ ạ ừ ể ỉ ừ ướ it, her, him, them đ ch danh t ph i dùng đ i t phía tr c

ế ề ề it . c s nhi u: quá nhi u …

ượ ế ề c: quá nhi u …

ượ ố ế ề c s nhi u: quá ít ….

The house is very expensive. We can’t buy it. The house is too expensive for us to buy. C u trúc so và such: The house is so expensive that I can’t buy ượ ố so many + N đ m đ There are so many students that I can’t remember their name. so much + N không đ m đ I drank so much coffee that I couldn’t sleep. so few + N đ m đ There were so few people that they cancelled the meeting.

ượ ế c: quá ít….

so little + N không đ m đ He had so little money that he couldn’t buy that book.

Ả CÂU C M THÁN

What + (a / an) + adj + N! ừ ừ ố ặ ừ ế ượ là danh t s nhi u ho c danh t không đ m đ c

ế Note: không dùng a, an n u danh t What a lovely dress! What hot coffee! ề What an expensive car! What good students!

THÌ (TENSES) ẳ ị ệ ấ Thì Kh ng đ nh ủ ị Ph đ nh Nghi v nấ D u hi u

S + don’t/ doesn’t +V1 S+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t (Wh) + Do/Does + S + V1? ệ ạ i S+ V1 S + V(ses) (be): am is are Hi n t đ nơ Everyday, usually, never, often, sometimes, always, ... (Wh) + Am/Is/Are + S+…?

S + am/is/are + Ving i ễ S + am/is/are(not) +V ing Am/ Is/Are + S + V ing? ệ ạ Hi n t ế ti p di n Now, at the present, at the moment, at this time, Look! Listen!, Be careful!. Hurry up!

ệ ạ ế ữ ự ễ ệ ạ ơ S khác nhau gi a hi n t i đ n và hi n t i ti p di n

Present simple (HTĐ) ở ộ ộ ạ ườ ng xuyên: ệ ạ i

ờ ươ ị ạ ộ ứ ậ ớ ng ở ữ ạ

ự ậ ế ế ạ ầ ng lai g n: 1. Hành đ ng luôn luôn đúng, thói quen hi n t I work in New York. ể 2. Th i khoá bi u, l ch trình các ch trình The train for Hanoi leaves at 7.30 tonight. ể 3. S th t, chân lý hi n nhiên: It is hot in summer.

ễ ả ự s phàn nàn: Present progressive(HTTD) ờ 1. Hành đ ng có tính t m th i, không th (today, this week, this year...) I go to school by bike everyday but today I am walking. 2. Không dùng thì này v i các ho t đ ng nh n th c, tình ồ ạ see, think, believe, feel, ả c m, tình tr ng, s h u, t n t i: look, smell, taste, hear, have, be ươ ự ắ 3. K ho ch, s s p x p cho t She is arriving at 11 o’clock. ớ 4. Dùng kèm v i ALWAYS di n t He is always coming to class late.

ẳ ị ệ ấ Thì Kh ng đ nh ủ ị Ph đ nh Nghi v nấ D u hi u

ng lai S + am/ is/ are+ not + going to +V1 (Wh) + am/ Is/ Are + S+ going to +V1 ?

S+ will not + V1 (won’t)

S + am/ is/ are + going to +V1 S+ will + V1 (Wh) + Will + S + V1….? ng lai Tomorrow, tonight, soon, next, someday, in the future ươ T g n ầ ươ T đ nơ

ữ ươ ự ươ ơ S khác nhau gi a t ầ ng lai g n và t ng lai đ n

ươ ầ ươ ơ Intended future (T ng lai g n) Future simple (T ng lai đ n)

ượ ự ướ ế ắ ị ẽ ả ộ c d tính, s p x p tr c khi ở ự ị ướ ng lai không có d đ nh tr c: ị 1. Ý đ nh đã đ nói: I am going to visit New York this summer. 1. Ý đ nh có ngay khi nói hay hành đ ng s x y ra ươ t The phone is ringing. I will answer it. He will come here tomorrow. ắ ự ế ề ộ ể ọ ờ ứ ươ ứ ệ ạ ắ ự 2. D đoán ch c ch n d a vào căn c hi n t i: There are a lot of clouds. I think it is going to rain. i h a, hy v ng, phát bi u v m t hành ng lai: (think, promise, hope, 2. Ý ki n, l ộ đ ng trong t expect, sure, ….)

Wait here and I will get you a drink. I think you will pass the exam.

ẳ ị ệ ấ Thì Kh ng đ nh ủ ị Ph đ nh Nghi v nấ D u hi u

ệ ạ i ố ả S + have / has +V3 S + have / has + not + V3 (Wh) + have / has + S + V3 ?

Hi n t hoàn thành

S + was / were S + wasn’t / weren’t

Quá kh ứ đ n ơ Since + m c th/g For + kho ng th/g Ever, never, already, so far, just, up to now, lately, recently, yet, how long, this is the first time/the second time, several times, before, Yesterday, ago, in + th/g QK, last …, It’s time / It’s high time ế (đã đ n lúc) S + didn’t + V1 (Wh) + was / were + S ….? (Wh) + did + S + V1 …?

S + V2/ed ữ ệ ạ ứ ơ ự S khác nhau gi a hi n t i hoàn thành và quá kh đ n

ệ ạ i hoàn thành) ế ộ Past simple (Quá kh đ n) ấ ứ ơ ứ ạ ộ ờ ể i th i đi m xác ệ ạ Present Perfect (Hi n t ả ể ả i và có th x y ra trong t ng lai ứ 1. Hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh kéo dài đ n ươ hi n t I have learnt English since 2008. ả 1. Hành đ ng x y ra và ch m d t t ứ ị đ nh trong quá kh It rained a lot yesterday.

ớ ả ừ ộ ộ

2. Hành đ ng v a m i x y ra She has just written a letter. ứ 2. M t thói quen trong quá kh . I often walked to school when I was a pupil.

ộ ổ ứ ả

3. Chu i hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh He opened the door, entered the house, turned on the light and went to the room.

ẳ ị ệ ấ Thì Kh ng đ nh ủ ị Ph đ nh Nghi v nấ D u hi u

S + hadn’t + V3/ed

ờ While, when, at that time, at ứ + gi quá kh , S + was / were + not + Ving (Wh) + was / were + S + Ving ? ế ễ Quá kh ứ ti p di n

Before, after, when, by, by the time, for, (Wh) + had + S + V3/ed …? S + was / were + Ving S + had + V3/ed Quá kh ứ hoàn thành

ứ ế ủ ứ ễ Cách dùng c a quá kh ti p di n và quá kh hoàn thành

ễ ứ

ộ Past progressive (Quá kh ti p di n) ể ứ ế ộ ạ ả ộ ờ i m t th i đi m c m t hành đ ng khác ị ộ ờ

ả 1. Hành đ ng đang x y ra t ứ xác đ nh trong quá kh . I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock last night. Past perfect (Quá kh hoàn thành) ộ ướ ộ 1. Hành đ ng x y ra tr ứ ể ướ ặ ho c tr c m t th i đi m trong quá kh By 9 pm yesterday, I had finished all my work. Before you came, she had left for London.

ộ ứ

2. Hai hành đ ng song song trong quá kh Last night, she was reading a book while her brother was watching TV.

Ề Ờ Ợ Ữ Ệ Ệ Ề HÒA H P THÌ GI A M NH Đ CHÍNH VÀ M NH Đ TH I GIAN

ề ờ M nh đ th i gian ề M nh đ chính

ươ ệ ệ ạ i Hi n t Quá khứ T ng lai

ộ ố

ệ ệ ạ i Hi n t Quá khứ ệ ạ i Hi n t ợ ứ M t s công th c hòa h p thì S + QKĐ + after / as soon as + S + QKHT S + QKHT + before / by/ by the time + S + QKĐ QKTD + while + QKTD QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD HTHT + since + QKĐ QKĐ + since then + HTHT TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ

1/ I will wait here until she (come) back. 2/ Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister games. 3/ I (work) here since I (graduate). 4/ Before she (have) dinner, she (write) letter 5/ I (go) to bed after I (finish) my work.

Đ I T PH N THÂN ạ ừ ả Đ i t ph n thân s h u ừ (tr Túc từ ộ (sau đ ng t ) Tính t (tr

Ạ Ừ Ả Ch tủ ừ ướ ộ c đ ng )ừ I You He / She / It We You They Me You Him / her / it Us You Them ừ ở ữ s h u ướ c danh )ừ t My Your His / her / its Our Your Their Myself Yourself Himself / herself / it self Ourselves Yourselves Themselves ạ ừ ở ữ Đ i t (dùng thay danh )ừ t Mine Yours His / hers / its Ours Yours Theirs

Ế Ế Ừ Ộ

ễ ả ộ ắ ắ m t suy đoán i: Ở ệ ạ may / might + V1: có lẽ, di n t không ch c ch n

Đ NG T KHI M KHUY T * may / might hi n t I phone him but no one answers. He ______________ (be) out. 4

ở ứ ủ ễ ả ộ ự ắ , không dùng quá kh

ượ ộ ch quan m t s c m đoán m t s b t bu c có tính ễ ả ộ ự ấ c phép, di n t

ầ ủ ộ

ầ ượ ị ộ c (b đ ng)

ứ ắ ệ khách quan , dùng trong quá kh (had to + V1), hi n ễ ả ề ươ ộ đi u b t bu c có tính ng lai (will have to + V1)

ễ ả ộ ể ả m t kh năng

* must / mustn’t must + V1: ph iả , di n t mustn’t + V1: không đ Ex: I haven’t phone Ann for years. I ____________ (phone) her tonight. Visitors _____________ (feed) the animals in the zoos. * need / needn’t need + to V1: c n (ch đ ng) need + Ving = need + to be V3/ed: c n đ needn’t + V1 = don’t have to + V1: không c n ầ Ex: My car is very dirty. It needs ____________ (wash). My car is dirty. I need ________________ (wash) it. The car is not very dirty. You needn’t ______________ (wash) it. * should / shouldn’t should + V1 = ought to + V1 = had better + V1: nên shouldn’t + V1: không nên Ex: If you want to pass the final exam, you ______________ (study) hard. You _____________ (smoke). It is harmful. * have to + V1: ph i,ả di n t ạ t i (have / has to + V1) và t Ex: Children _____________ (wear) uniform when going to school. Yesterday, I felt very ill. I ________________ (see) the doctor. * can / can’t can + V1: có th , di n t can’t + V1: không thể Ex: She can swim but she can’t play tennis.

Ỉ Ờ Ớ Ừ I T CH TH I GIAN (Prepositions of time)

ứ ờ (at 7 o’clock, at the weekend, …)

ướ c, tr

c khi ở ữ gi a GI in + năm, mùa, th kế ỷ on + th , ngày tháng at + gi after: sau, sau khi ướ before: tr between …and ….:

ừ ứ ữ

ẳ ị

USED TO 1. used to + V1: (đã t ng), thói quen trong quá kh , mà nay không còn n a. Kh ng đ nh: S + used to + V1 He used to live here. ủ ị Ph đ nh: S + didn’t + use to + V1 He didn’t use to smoke. ấ Nghi v n: Did + S + use to + V1? Did he use to smoke? ớ ở ớ 2. S + be used to / get used to + Ving / N: quen v i / tr nên quen v i ….. I am used to getting up early.

Ứ Ữ Ạ Ỉ TR NG NG CH CÁCH TH C

adj + ly  adv ứ Ch c năng:

ộ ng: S + V + adv

ữ ợ ộ ừ ộ và đ ng t chính: be + adv + V3/ed have / has + adv + V3/ed

ướ ấ ứ c d u ph y: adv, S + V + O ừ ườ sau đ ng t th He ran quickly. ừ gi a tr đ ng t The house was completely repaired. ẩ ầ đ ng đ u câu, tr Luckily, we won the game. ộ ố ạ M t s tr ng t ắ b t quy t c

fast  fast

ầ

ộ ấ ả ớ ầ ư ừ ấ Good  well late  late (tr , mu n) ễ hard  hard (v t v , chăm ch ) ỉ Bad  badly lately: m i đây, g n đây hardly: h u nh không

ậ ở ế ổ Ậ NG THU T ừ ườ ộ t ng thu t thì quá khứ thì khi đ i sang câu gián ti p ta đ i ổ ngôi, thì và tr ng ạ

ƯỜ CÂU T ế N u đ ng t ngữ.

ổ ự ứ ướ ộ ậ c đ ng t ừ ườ t ng thu t 1/ Cách đ i ngôi: Ngôi th nh t ổ ứ ấ (I, We, me, my, us, our): đ i d a vào ch tủ ừ đ ng tr ổ ứ (said/ told), th

→ → ườ ng đ i thành ngôi th ba. → I We he / she they→ me us → them→ him / her my our his / her their

ự ứ ậ a vào ừ ườ t (you _ you_ your): đ i dổ Ngôi th haiứ túc từ đ ng sau đ ng t ữ ng thu t (said/ told) ổ nguyên, không đ i ộ Ngôi th baứ (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): gi

ổ 2/ Cách đ i thì:

ự ế Tr c ti p Gián ti pế

HTĐ V1 /Vs(es) HTTD – am / is / are + Ving HTHT – have / has + V3 HTHTTD – have / has been +Ving QKĐ – V2 / ed QKTD – was / were + Ving TLĐ – will + V1 Must + V1 QKĐ – V2 / Ved QKTD – was / were + Ving QKHT – had + V3 QKHTTD had been + Ving QKHT – had + V3 QKHTTD – had been +Ving TL trong QK would + V1 had to + V1

ổ ừ ỉ ờ ơ ố 3/ Cách đ i các tr ng t ch th i gian và n i ch n:

ạ ự ế Tr c ti p Gián ti pế

today/ tonight yesterday last month tomorrow next month here now ago this these that day/ that night the day before/ the previous day the month before / the previous month the following day/ the next day / the day after the following month / the next month / the month after there then before that those

ổ ệ ệ ẳ ị 4/ Đ i câu m nh l nh kh ng đ nh:

S + V + O: “Please + V1 ….”

S + V + O: “Can + S + V1 …”

ủ ị ổ ệ  S + told + O + to V1 … ệ 5/ Đ i câu m nh l nh ph đ nh:

S + V + O: “Please + don’t + V1 ….”

 S + told + O + not to V1 …

a/ She said: “I am doing my homework.” ______________________________________________ b/ “Please help me do my homework, Hoa.” he said. ______________________________________________ c/ “Can you lend me your bike”, John said to Mary. ______________________________________________ d/ My brother said to me: “You should try to study English hard.”

______________________________________________ e/ Tom said to her: “I will give you this book tomorrow.”

Ộ

Ừ GERUNDS (DANH Đ NG T ) ượ ừ ộ (Ving) đ c dùng: Danh đ ng t ộ ụ ừ 1/ Sau các c m đ ng t ớ ở ớ be used to / get used to:

quen v i, tr nên quen v i mong đ iợ không th ch u đ c ợ ể ị ượ i ích gì

ậ ộ b n r n ị có giá tr ấ ả c m th y thích

ề ấ

look forward to : can’t stand = can bear: It’s no use / it’s no good : không có l be busy : be worth : feel like : ớ ừ ( on, at, about, from, to, without …) 2/ Sau các gi i t ừ 3/ Sau các đ ng tộ mind : finish : deny : enjoy : ưở ượ ng t ng )

( th y phi n ) ( hoàn thành ) ố ả ( ch i c i ) ( thích thú ) (xem nh )ư ( hình dung ,t ậ ừ ( th a nh n ) ự ậ ( th c t p ) consider : imagine : admit : practice : continue : avoid : detest : keep : miss : appreciate : postpone : dislike ế ụ ( ti p t c ) ( tránh ) ( ghét ) ế ụ ( ti p t c ) ỏ ỡ ỏ ,b xót ) (b l ọ ( coi tr ng ,đánh giá cao ) ( trì hoãn ) (không thích)

COMPARISON: SO SÁNH

ư ố

like as + adj/adv + as (not) as + adj/adv + as the same as (not) the same as different from như b ngằ không b ngằ gi ng nh không gi ngố khác v iớ

S + be + as / so + adj + as …. ườ ng + as / so + adv + as…

The primary school is not as big as a secondary school. My birthday is the same as her birthday. Your idea is different from mine. 1. So sánh b ng:ằ S + V th Ex: She studies __________________ (well) as her close friend. Her bike is _______________________ (good) as her sister’s one.

2. So sánh không b ngằ : S + V + not + so/ as +adj/ adv + as …. Ex. She is ………. (tall) ………… her sister.

ừ ắ ừ ng n

3. So sánh h nơ ạ / tr ng t Tính t S + V + adj / adv + er + than….

ừ Ex: She drives ______________ (fast) than her sister does. Tính t dài :

ạ ừ / tr ng t S + V + more + adj / adv + than …

Ex: She drives _______________ (carefully) than her sister does. She is _________________ (careful) than her sister is.

ừ ừ ắ S + V + the + adj / adv + est + …..

ừ ừ dài: ạ / tr ng t S + V + the most + adj / adv + …..

ệ

ặ

4. So sánh nh tấ ạ Tính t ng n / tr ng t Ex: She drives ______________ (fast) in her family. She is ________________ (tall) in her family. Tính t Ex: She drives _______________ (carefully) in her family. She is _________________ (careful) in her family. ạ * Các d ng đ c bi

Adj / adv So sánh h nơ So sánh nh tấ t)ố

ế ượ c: ít

ượ Good / well (t Bad / badly (x u)ấ Many / much (nhi u)ề Little + N không đ m đ Far (xa) ế Few + N đ m đ c: ít better worse more less farther/further fewer best worst most least farthest/ furthest fewest

Ỉ Ụ Ừ Ụ C M T CH M C ĐÍCH

to ẳ ị Kh ng đ nh: S +V + in order to + V1 (đ ) ể

so as to Ex: I try to study (pass) ________________my next exam.

He does morning exercises regularly (improve) ______________his heath.

ể S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1 (đ không) ủ ị Ph đ nh: Ex: I get up early in order not to be late for school.

ố ố / θ / , t , dz, ọ ọ ọ ữ ữ ữ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM S/ES ớ * đ c thành âm ớ * đ c thành âm ớ * đ c thành âm ừ /s/ v i nh ng t có âm cu i là / p, f, k, t, ∫ ∫ ừ có âm cu i là / /iz/ v i nh ng t s, z, ạ ợ ườ ng h p còn l i /z/ v i nh ng tr

∫ ∫ θ / , t , ọ ọ ọ ữ ữ ữ t, d / p, f, k, s, ạ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED * đ c thành âm * đ c thành âm * đ c thành âm / i ố ừ ớ có âm cu i là / /id/ v i nh ng t ớ ố ừ có âm cu i là / /t/ v i nh ng t ợ ườ ớ ng h p còn l d/ v i nh ng tr

ị ộ PASSIVE VOICE (Câu b đ ng)

Ể Ổ Ừ Ủ Ộ Ị Ộ 1. CÁCH CHUY N Đ I T CÂU CH Đ NG SANG CÂU B Đ NG

Active: S + V + O

Passive: S + BE + V3/ed + BY + O

Ể Ổ Ộ Ố Ừ Ủ Ộ Ứ 2. CÁCH CHUY N Đ I HÌNH TH C Đ NG T C A M T S THÌ

THÌ Ủ Ộ CH Đ NG Ị Ộ B Đ NG

ễ

ừ ệ ạ ơ Hi n t i đ n ệ ạ ế ễ Hi n t i ti p di n ệ ạ Hi n t i hoàn thành ứ ơ Quá kh đ n ứ ế Quá kh ti p di n ứ Quá kh hoàn thành ươ ơ ng lai đ n T ế ộ Đ ng t ế khi m khuy t Am / is / are + V3 Am / is / are + being + V3 Have / has been + V3 Was / were + V3 Was / were + being + V3 Had been + V3 Will / shall + be + V3 Can / may / should / ….+ V3 V1 / Vs(es) am / is / are + Ving Have / has + V3 V2 / Ved Was / were + Ving Had + V3 Will + V1 can / may / should / must / have to / might / be going to + V1

ướ c by + O ữ ỉ ơ ữ ỉ ờ

ừ ủ ị ổ ạ ph đ nh (no one, nobody, ) thì đ i sang d ng ị ộ ố ứ ạ tr ng ng ch n i ch n đ ng tr ứ ạ tr ng ng ch th i gian đ ng sau by + O ủ ộ ủ ừ ế trong câu ch đ ng là các t n u ch t ủ ủ ị ph đ nh c a câu b đ ng

Ấ C U TRÚC ể ậ th t …đ …

It’s + adj + to V1 …  Ving …+ is + adj … S + be + adj + that + S + V + O

Ex: It’s difficult to learn English. I am happy to receive your letter.

She was pleased that you came to your birthday party.

Ừ Ừ

ứ ể ư ộ ừ ứ ( ( (đ ng sau ừ Ved) có th đóng vi trò nh m t tính t

ủ ộ ị ộ ừ Ving) và quá kh phân t ừ c danh t ) ườ ừ : th ng dùng miêu t ừ ườ ng dùng miêu t th ả v tậ , mang ý ch đ ng iườ , mang ý b đ ng ả ng Ệ Ạ Ứ HI N T I PHÂN T VÀ QUÁ KH PHÂN T (ing and –ed participles) ệ ạ i phân t Hi n t ướ ứ to be, đ ng tr ệ ạ i phân t Hi n t ứ Quá kh phân t Ex: The book is very interesting. I’m interested in reading it.

ừ ứ ộ ố ệ ạ ặ ng g p ừ ườ th và quá kh phân t ạ

ứ ấ excited exciting chán, dở hào h ng, ph n

interested amused interesting amusing ị ứ thú v , h ng thú ồ ườ i, vui bu n c

* M t s hi n t i phân t Ex: suprise surprised surprising ng c nhiên 1. bore bored boring 2. excite kh iở 3. interest 4. amuse nh nộ 5. disappoint 6. tire disappointing tired disapponited tiring ấ ọ th t v ng ỏ ệ m t m i

Ệ Ế Ớ HI N T I TI P DI N DÙNG V I ALWAYS

Ễ Ạ S + be + always + Ving … Ex: He is always coming to class late.

Ừ DANH T GHÉP N + Ving ricecooking firemaking flowerarranging

Ế Ớ CÂU H I GIÁN TI P V I IF / WHETHER

ế ỏ Ỏ S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O Nga asked me if / whether I knew the film Titanic. (Nga h i tôi tôi có bi t phim Titanic hay không)

Ẫ Ừ Ộ

: ừ glad , happy , ready ……..

ấ

ấ ừ ớ ừ (không dùng v i t why)

ộ ố ộ ừ Đ NG T NGUYÊN M U CÓ TO : (toV1) Sau các tính t S+ BE + ADJ + toV1 Ex: It’s difficult to do that exercise. Trong c u trúc : IT + TAKES/ TOOK + O + th/g + toV1 Ex : It took him fifteen minutes to walk to school Sau nghi v n t What , who ,how where …….. I don’t know where to park my car. Sau m t s đ ng t

learn : (h c)ọ ự ị ạ ế

ch i )

ế

ướ ố c mu n) plan :( d d nh , có k ho ch ) want : ( mu n ) ố ừ ố refuse: ( t ấ ạ fail : ( th t b i ) determine ( quy t tâm ) decide (quy t đ nh) hope (hy v ng)ọ ế ị mean: ( có nghĩa, có ý) promise: ( h a )ứ ồ agree : ( đ ng ý ) ố ắ attempt : ( c g ng) ị ẩ prepare: ( chu n b ) ở ố ắ manage (c g ng, xoay tr ) invite (m i)ờ wish (

ướ ự ị ng) tend (có xu h ị intend (có ý đ nh, d đ nh)

Ừ Ấ

Ộ

Ắ

Ả

B NG KÊ Đ NG T B T QUI T C

ừ Nguyên m uẫ Quá khứ ứ Quá kh phân t Nghĩa ở ị ượ , b đ c

ạ i

c ụ ượ ọ

ả

ượ ấ ấ c

ở

ọ

n, tr n, gi u ụ ầ

ạ ắ be beat become begin bite blow break bring build burn buy catch choose come cost cut do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forget get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lead was, were beat became began bit blew broke brought built burnt bought caught chose came cost cut did drew dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forget got gave went grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew led been beaten become begun bit, bitten blown broken brought built burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut done drawn dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten got, gotten given gone grown hung had heard hid, hidden hit held hurt kept known led Thì, là, Đánh Thành,tr nênở ắ ầ B t đ u C nắ Th iổ ỡ ẻ Làm v , b gãy ạ i, đem l Mang l Xây d ngự ố Đ t cháy Mua ắ B t, ch p đ ự L a ch n Đ nế ị Tr giá C tắ Làm Kéo, vẽ ộ ơ M , m ng U ngố ư Đ a, lái xe Ăn Ngã, r i, téơ Nuôi cho ăn ấ C m th y ế Đánh , chi n đ u Tìm th y, đ Bay Quên ượ Đ c, tr nên Cho Đi ớ L n lên, m c Treo Có Nghe Ẩ ấ ố ạ Đ ng ch m ữ ổ ứ ch c , t C m gi Làm đau, làm h i ạ ữ Gi t ế Bi ẫ D n d t, lãnh đ o

ạ

ấ

ể ặ ậ

ấ

ấ ắ

lay learn leave lend let lie lose make mean meet pay put read ride ring rise run say see sell send set sing sit sleep smell speak spell spend stand steal sweep swim take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear laid learnt left lent let lay lost made meant met paid put read rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent set sang sat slept smelt spoke spelt spent stood stole swept swam took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore laid learnt left lent let lain lost made meant met paid put read ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent set sung sat slept smelt spoken spelt spent stood stolen swept swum taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn ể ứ ể ặ Đ , đ t, đ tr ng ượ ọ c tin H c, đ ỏ ỏ ạ ờ B l i, r i kh i Cho vay ể Đ cho, cho phép N mằ ấ ấ M t, đánh m t ế ạ Làm, ch t o ố Có nghĩ, mu n nói G p ặ ả ề Tr ti n ể Đ t, đặ Đ cọ ự ưỡ C i (ng a, xe đ p) Rung chuông, reo ọ M c lên Ch yạ Nói ấ Th y, nhìn th y Bán G iử Đ , đ t, l p nên Hát Ng i ồ Ng ủ ử Ng i th y Nói Đánh v n ầ Tiêu xài, trãi qua Đ ng ứ ộ Ăn tr m, l y c p Quét ơ ộ B i l L y ấ D y ạ Làm rách, xé ả ể ạ Nói, k l i, b o Nghĩ, suy nghĩ Ném, quăng, v t ứ Hi u ể ứ ỉ Th c t nh ặ M c, mang

Ậ Ừ Ừ

Ạ THÀNH L P T , T LO I

ế ừ ạ ậ

ậ ố ậ ừ: danh t ừ ườ th ng có các h u t sau: lo i: t danh t

ỉ ườ ) i ỉ ườ ) i ỉ ườ ) i

t t 1. Cách nh n bi ế a. Cánh nh n bi tion / ation ment ence / ance ness er (ch ng or (ch ng ist (ch ng age ship ậ ế ừ: tính t ng có các h u t sau: b. Cánh nh n bi t tính t

ful ủ ị less (nghĩa ph đ nh) ộ ề (noun) al (thu c v ) ous ive ic able ậ ế invention, information development, instrument difference, importance happiness, business teacher, worker, writer, singer inventor, actor physicist, biologist teenage, marriage friendship, championship ậ ố ừ ườ th useful, helpful, beautiful homeless, careless natural, agricultural dangerous, famous expensive, active electric, economic fashionable, comfortable ạ ừ: tr ng t ng có h u t ừ ườ th ậ ố LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, ạ t tr ng t

ừ ặ ệ ầ đ c bi c . Cánh nh n bi carelessly, recently ... L u ý:ư

ầ lately (adv): g n đây

ấ ả ự ỉ ư ầ hardly (adv): h u nh không ứ ộ ố ừ ạ ớ t c n ghi nh : ỏ ố t well (adv): gi i, t ậ ễ late (adv): tr , ch m fast (adv): nhanh hard (adv): tích c c, v t v , chăm ch lo i: 2. Ch c năng c a m t s t ừ ộ ố ạ M t s tr ng t good (a) late (a) fast (a) hard (a) ủ (Noun) a. Danh t

ừ (adj + N) They are interesting books.

He is a student. These flowers are beautiful. She needs some water.

ừ Sau tính t Sau ạ ừ a /an / the : m o t ừ ỉ ị ch đ nh: t this, that, these, those, every, each, … ừ ỉ ố ượ many, some, few, little, several ... ng: ch s l t ừ ở ữ my, his, her, your, our, their, its… s h u: tính t ạ ộ Sau ngo i đ ng t c nầ O) (V

Sau gi ớ ừ i t (prep. + N)

ướ c V

chia thì (N làm ch t )ủ ừ Tr Sau enough (enough + N) She buys books. She meets a lot of people. He talked about the story yesterday. He is interested in music. The main has just arrived. I don’t have enough money to buy that house. ừ b. Tính t (Adj)

ướ This is an interesting books. Tr c N (Adj + N)

Sau TO BE Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem …

ạ ừ Sau tr ng t (adv + adj)

ướ c enough (be + adj + enough) ấ

I am tired. It becomes hot. She feels sad. It is extremely cold. I’m terribly sorry. She is very beautiful. That house is too small. The house isn’t large enough. She was so angry that she can’t speak. My new car is blue.

Sau too ( be + too + adj) Tr Trong c u trúc: be + so + adj + that A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + Noun ừ ạ c. Tr ng t (Adv)

ngườ

c Adj

ẩ c ướ d u ph y ấ

ấ

ướ He drove carefully. I meet an extremely handsome man. She has already finished the job. Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party. They walked too slowly to catch the bus. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. You should write clearly enough for every body to read. Sau V th ướ Tr ữ ụ Gi a c m V ho cặ tr ầ Đ u câu Sau too V + too + adv Trong c u trúc V + so + adv + that c enough V + adv + enough Tr

ị ẳ dùng:

ợ ợ

ồ ủ ị

ẳ ị

ệ ạ ơ

ứ ơ

ệ ạ ứ ơ ổ

Ộ Ố Ấ M T S C U TRÚC KHÁC ụ ọ ố 1. L i nói ph h a: ộ ồ a. Đ ng ý theo m t câu kh ng đ nh, S + V tr + too. So + V tr + S. dùng: b. Đ ng ý theo câu ph đ nh, ợ ủ ị S + V tr (ph đ nh) + either. ợ Neither + V tr (kh ng đ nh) + S. 2. Would you mind / Do you mind + Ving ….? Do you mind if I + V (Hi n t i đ n)….? Would you mind if I + V (Quá kh đ n) ….? 3. Đ i thì quá kh đ n sang hi n t i hoàn thành

ờ

ủ ị

ệ ạ ờ

ờ ứ ơ ờ ứ ơ ứ ơ S + last + V quá kh đ n + th i gian + ago. S + V hi n t i hoàn thành (ph đ nh) + for + th i gian It’s + th i gian + since + S + last + V quá kh đ n. The last time + S + V quá kh đ n + was + th i gian + ago.

Ex: I last went to Dalat nine years ago. I It The ẳ ị

This is the first time + S + HTHT kh ng đ nh S + HTHT never + before

Ex: This is the first time I have visited Hanoi. I

ừ

ườ i + spend + time + Ving…

4. used to KĐ: S + used to + V1 (đã t ng)ừ PĐ: S + didn’t use to + V1 (không t ng)ừ NV: Did + S + use to + V1 ..? (có t ng ….không) 5. be used to / get used to + Ving: quen v iớ 6. It takes / took + O + time + toinf…. 7. S ng It took me twenty minutes to do this test.  I spent ……………………………………………………………….