http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 65 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 10, Issue 1, January-February 2019, pp. 65-82, Article ID: IJM_10_01_011
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=10&IType=1
Journal Impact Factor (2019): 9.6780 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
© IAEME Publication
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE OF EDUCATORS IN
LEBANESE FRENCH UNIVERSITY
Dr Kiran Das Naik Eslavath
Assistant Professor, Research and Strategic Studies
Lebanese French University, Iraq
Adnan Fadhil Khaleel
Assistant Professor, Director of Research and Strategic Studies
Lebanese French University, Iraq
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the quality of work life variables of educators in Lebanese
French university Erbil Kurdistan region of Iraq. This research study highlights the
quality of work life of educators under various dimensions. New Challenges can be
faced with educator’s nature of job role, work environment, Career Growth and
Development, General Well- Being in achieving organizational goals. This study helps
the educators to know the level of perception towards QWL and to enhance the same
by the educational administrators. Quality of Work Life is the essential concept of
favorable situations in a working environment. The Quality of Work Life facilitates
employee’s training opportunities, job satisfaction and working conditions. A better
Quality of Work Life improves the growth of the employee’s along with the
organization growth. The universe of the study includes 4 colleges educators located
within the Lebanese French university campus, i.e., college of engineering and
sciences, college of education and languages, college of law and international
relations and college of administration and economics. A sample of 50 respondents
was collected from the universe. The collected data after being coded were analyzed
using Statistical Package for Social sciences Research (SPSS) and various statistical
tests were applied based on hypotheses and matching variables. It shows Quality of
Work Life of Lebanese French University educators is in high level..
Keywords: Quality of Work Life, University Educators, Perception.
Cite this Article: Dr Kiran Das Naik Eslavath and Adnan Fadhil Khaleel, Quality of
work Life of Educators in Lebanese French University, International Journal of
Management, 10 (1), 2019, pp. 65-82.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=10&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
Quality of work life (QWL) refers to how an individual perceives his or her work life. It
encompasses various aspects of work life, i.e., educator’s nature of job role, work
environment, Career Growth and Development, General Well- Being. Thus it is a
Quality of work Life of Educators in Lebanese French University
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 66 editor@iaeme.com
multifaceted concept implying concern for the members of the university irrespective of the
level they belong to. It is a continuous process of changing and improving the work climate so
that the interface of people, technology and university makes for a more satisfying work
experience for educators and gives desired outcomes for the organization. Although a good
QWL helps all organizations to increase their performance/productivity irrespective of the
sector they belong to, yet for the organizations in the service sector, it is more important
because performance of the service organization is highly person-centric. A higher education
institution is one such organization and the purpose of such institution is to provide relevant,
accessible and quality education in cost effective manner. Performance of institutions in
higher education is greatly dependent on the performance of teachers. A teacher is an
instrument of transforming human resources into human capital. Teachers should experience
high levels of quality of work life in order to realize their full potential and become an asset to
the institution. Many researchers have explored QWL perceived by academia and its effects
on their motivational level, leadership behaviour, and labour turnover.
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Rochita Ganguly (2010) examined the QWL of university employees and the relationship
between quality of work life and job satisfaction. The researcher was very careful in data
collection. She considered literate and experienced persons who understand the significance
of questioner and fill up the data correctly. She designed the questioner in Bengali, a regional
language of employee for better understanding and thought flow. The results indicated that
the employees are not happy with the degree of autonomy, personal growth and superior
support. The employees were not satisfied with their job and unhappy with QWL of
university.
D. Kumar and J.M. Deo (2011) did a study to measure the effect of stress on quality of
work life of college teachers. They took 100 college teachers of universities of Bihar and
Jharkhand and studied their different perception of quality of work life. Findings exposed that
junior teachers had more stress than senior teachers. As well as female teachers were feeling
more stress in their job in comparison to male teachers.
Ayesha Tabassumb (2012) investigated QWL of employees in the private universities of
Bangladesh. She designed a 5-point Likert-scale structured questionnaire and collected the
data from the 72 fulltime faculty members among 11 private universities. She analyzed the
dimensions of quality of work life and its relationship with job satisfaction. This study
concluded that there is positive relationship between the dimensions of QWL and job
satisfaction. This study suggested to the management of the institutions that the policies
designed in such a way that QWL issues should be concerned. An improved QWL provides a
higher level of job satisfaction which in turn reduce faculty member turnover rate.
Seema Arif and Maryam Ilyas (2013) focused on quality of work life of private
universities in Lahore, Pakistan. They explored various dimensions of quality of work life
which affect life and the attitude of teachers. This quantitative study took 360 members of
university and analyzes their perception of QWL. This study also investigated the QWL
effects on employee commitment, engagement, job involvement and reputation of the
university. This research suggested that the perceived value of work, work climate, work-life
balance and satisfaction are the main factors which shaped the work attitude and also improve
employees work life.
Jain Bindu and Swami Yashik(2014) in their study divulged that QWL in Indian academic
sector is of low level. A planned change in the working environment is required to improve
QWL in academic sector. Training, redesign of work, workshops for knowledge enhancement
and personal growth, valuable participation in decision making, modification in promotion
Dr Kiran Das Naik Eslavath and Adnan Fadhil Khaleel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 67 editor@iaeme.com
scheme etc. are some of the ways through which we can improve QWL. Improved QWL is
beneficial for both the employee and institute so it’s the mutual responsibility of the two.
QWL of teachers at academic sector is below satisfaction and required attention and
implementation of effective measures to improvement it. The major issues regarding QWL in
academic sector are: i. Avenues for growth and development not satisfactory. ii. Promotional
aspects are not satisfactory. iii. Teacher’s participation in decision making is below
satisfaction. iv. Job security is there but Job satisfaction is missing. v. Job involvement is
lacking. Solutions: i. the level and number of designation regarding faculty should be
increased and it should be same at college and university level. ii. There must be transparency
and decisive role of teachers in decision making bodies of institution since teachers are not
only the part parcel the institution, but also the important instrument in the implementation of
different policies, rules and regulations. iii. Autonomy of the institution should be maintained
with respect to its various dimensions such as recruitment, selection, framing of general
polices, rules regulation etc. iv. Regular orientation/refresher courses, workshops, seminar,
symposium etc. should be organized for teachers up gradation on current trends, methods,
strategies, pedagogy of education. v. “Personality assessment test” for selection of new
faculty should be rigorously conducted. vi. The administration should organize health related
programmes for teachers in order to provide them better QWL.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Statement of the Problem
The present study deals with the quality of wok life of educators in Lebanese French
University. For evaluating the quality of wok life of educators, the researcher has chosen to
study at, Lebanese French University. The study assumes assessment of Nature of job, work
environment, communication, career growth and development and general wellbeing of the
educators in Lebanese French University. Therefore, the research problem has been stated as
the quality of wok life of educators in Lebanese French University.
3.2. Research Gap of the Study
Even though there are many research papers have been published on quality of work life. But
there are no studies available in particularly on quality of work life of educators in Lebanese
French University. So the researcher made an attempt to fill the research gap for studying
entitled the quality of wok life of educators in Lebanese French University.
3.3. Scope of the Study
The study is to know the opinions of the respondents about the quality of work life of the
educators in Lebanese French University. The scope of the study covered the areas of, Nature
of job, work environment, communication, career growth and development and general
wellbeing of the educators in Lebanese French University.
3.4. Objectives of the study
1. To study the nature of job of the Educators in LFU
2. To analyze the work environment of the educators in LFU
3. To survey how the educators feel about the communication in LFU
4. To examine the career growth and development of educators in LFU
5. To evaluate the General well-being of the Educators in LFU
Quality of work Life of Educators in Lebanese French University
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 68 editor@iaeme.com
3.5. Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an assumption to be tested. The statistical testing of hypothesis is the most
important technique in statistical inference. In attempting to reach decisions, it is used to
make assumptions about the population involved. Such assumptions which may or may not
be true are called statistical hypothesis and in general statement about the probability
distribution of the population. The hypothesis is made about the parameter but the only facts
available to estimate the true parameter are those provided by a sample. If the sample
statistics differ from hypothesis made about the population parameter, a decision must be
made as to whether or not this difference is significant, if it is to be rejected if not it must be
accepted.
Ho: there is no significant relationship between the quality of work life variables and Age.
H1: there is a significant relationship between quality of work life variables and Age
Ho: there is no significant relationship between quality of work life variables and marital
status
H2: there is a significant relationship between quality of work life variables and marital
status
Ho: there is no significant relationship between quality of work life variables and
Educational qualifications
H3: there is a significant relationship between quality of work life variables and Educational
qualifications
Ho: there is no significant relationship between quality of work life variables and position
in the university
H4: there is a significant relationship between quality of work life variables and position
in the university
Ho: there is no significant relationship between quality of work life variables and teaching
Experience
H5: there is a significant relationship between quality of work life variables and teaching
Experience
3.6. Methodology of the Study
Methodology of the study is a way to systematically solve the research problem. Application
of appropriate methods and adoption of scientific procedure is essential of systematic enquiry.
The present study uses different methods to analyze the data.
3.7. Study Area
The study area covers the quality of work life of the educators in Lebanese French University
2018-2019.
3.8. Method of the study
Application of appropriate method and adoption of scientific procedure is essential for any
systematic enquiry. This has an important bearing on the collection of reliable and accurate
information as well as on the outcome of the study. The present study uses a survey method.
3.9. Sampling Method and Sample Size
The researcher has used simple random sampling technique for the study. The universe and
sample size of the study is 65.
Dr Kiran Das Naik Eslavath and Adnan Fadhil Khaleel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 69 editor@iaeme.com
The universe constitutes the educators of Lebanese French University. The total universe
of the organization is 65 employees of various departments. The sample size taken from the
universe for the study is 76 % i.e. 50 respondents.
4. DATA COLLECTION
The data has been collected from employees of Lebanese French University. On the basis of
both primary and secondary data.
4.1. Primary Data
To fulfill the objectives and to test the hypothesis, primary data is collected from the
employees by using self-administered questionnaires.
4.2. Questionnaire
The questionnaire is often used as observational device for collecting personal data and
opinion it provides a way to collect personal information from respondents that may not be
readily obtainable using other methods. The instrument used under study has 25 questions
which were grouped into five variables. The questionnaire is divided into two. The first part
is demographic profile and the second part is Quality of work life which contains 5 variables
i.e., Nature of job, work environment, communication, career growth and development and
general wellbeing. Under each variable, there are sub-variables which have five statements
each. Questionnaire was framed in the Likert-5-point scale.
4.3. Processing of the data
The study quality of work life of educators in Lebanese French University is processed
through the qualitative and quantitative of the data.
4.4. Qualitative Data
Qualitative data is extremely varied in nature. It includes virtually any information that can be
captured that is not numerical in nature. The data was collected through structured
questionnaires.
4.5. Quantitative Data
Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical or
numerical analysis of data collected through questionnaires. Quantitative research focuses on
gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular
phenomenon.
4.6. Statistical Tools
For this study the researcher has used the Simple Frequency Distribution followed by
Descriptive Statistics - Mean, Standard Deviation, and One-Way ANOVA Test.
Part-1 Personal Data of the educators in Lebanese French University
Table 1.1 Age of the respondents
Sl.No
Age in years
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent %
1
Below 30
4
8%
8
8
2
30-40
33
66%
66
74
3
40-50
7
14%
14
80
4
Above
6
12%
12
26
Total
50
100
100
100