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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: " Cytokinin activity in Citrus seedlings colonized by mycorrhizal fungi"

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp Original article đề tài: Cytokinin activity in Citrus seedlings colonized by mycorrhizal fungi...

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  1. Cytokinin activity in Citrus seedlings colonized by mycorrhizal fungi R.K. Dixon* School of Forestry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A. Thaxt. (Gerd. and Trappe) and G. mosseae Introduction (Nichol. and Gerd.) were used to inoculate seedlings using methods described by Bethen- falvay and Yoder (1981).Plants were grown in a The level of cytokinin-like substances is glasshouse for 105 d under previously de- greater in the leaves of the vesicu- scribed culture conditions (Menge et al., 1978). lar-arbuscular mycorrhizal monocotyledon Following harvest, seedling dry weight and Bouteloua gracilis compared to non- vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of mycorrhizal plants (Allen et aL, 1980). inoculated and non-inoculated plants were This increase may be associated with measured. Seedling leaf subsamples were ana- lyzed for phosphorus content (Menge et aL, colonization of roots by vesicular-arbus- 1978). cular mycorrhizal fungi or the result of Leaf samples were collected for cytokinin improved mineral nutrition (Van Staden analysis before final harvest of seedlings. The and Davey, 1979). The objectives of this partially purified cytokinin extracts of fully ex- research were to: 1 ) establish the pres- panded leaves were separated by high perform- liquid chromatography using procedures ence of cytokinins in leaves of Citrus ance described by Horg;an and Kramers (1979). jambhiri Lush. seedlings inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; and 2) isolate cytokinins with demon- strated biological activity. Results All C. jambhiri seedlings inoculated with fungal symbionts exhibited abundant vesi- Materials and Methods cular-arbuscular mycorrhizal development after 105 d. Control seedlings were non- Five vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mycorrhizal. Inoculation of Citrus seed- including Glomus caledonium (Nicol. and lings with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhi- Gerd.), G. epigaeum (Dan and Trappe), G. etu- nicatum (Becker and Gerd.), G. fasciculatum zal fungi significantly influenced total dry * ’ Present address: Environmental Research Present Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, U.S.A.
  2. weight and phosphorus content of leaves. Seedlings inoculated with G. caledonium, G. fasciculatum and G. mosseae were significantly larger than the non-inoculated control plants. Similarly, leaf phosphorus levels were significantly greater in the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal seed- lings compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. vesicular-arbuscular Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased cytokinin activity in leaves of C. jambhiri. Colonization by G. fasciculatum and G. mosseae resulted in a significant increase in seedling leaf cytokinin activity. Several cytokinins, including zeatin and zeatin riboside, were detected in seedling leaves. Discussion and Conclusion These results demonstrate the presence of cytokinins in leaves of C. jambhiri. Endogenous cytokinin activity in C. jamb- hiri leaves has not been reported pre- viously. The cytokinin activity in leaves may be attributable to acropetal transport from roots and/or regulation to cytokinin oxidase enzymes (Van Staden and Davey, 1979). This study established significant in cytokinin activity in leaves at- changes tributable to colonization of seedlings with different vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts. Changes in cytokinin-like activ- ity in leaves of other Citrus species due to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal coloni- zation was also reported by Edriss et al. (1984). The significantly greater cytokinin activity in the leaves of vesicular-arbuscu- lar mycorrhizal C. jambhiri, relative to non- mycorrhizal seedlings, is consistent with the report of zeatin and zeatin riboside production by mycorrhizal fungi in vitro (Barea and Azcon-Aguilar, 1982).
  3. infected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. I. Elevated cytokinin activity of seedlings Cytokinin increases in host plant. Can J. Bot. inoculated with G. fasciculatum and G. 58,271-274 mosseae was associated with concomitant Barea J.M. & Azcon-Aguilar C. (1982) Produc- improvements in total dry weight, phos- tion of plant growth regulating substances by phorus nutrition and vesicular-arbuscular the vesicular-aibuscular mycorrhizal fungus mycorrhizal colonization. A minimum level Glomus mosseae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43, of phosphorus nutrition is requisite for 810-8133 cytokinin activity. Significant improvements Bethenfalvay G.l_. & Yoder J.F. (1981) The gly- cine-Glumus-rhizobium symbiosis. Physio/. in the growth and phosphorus nutri- Plant. 52, 141-14.5 tion of other Citrus species due to vesicu- Edriss M.H., Davis R.M. & Burger D.W. (1984) lar-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on cytokinin pro- have been reported (Menge et al., 1978). duction in sour orange. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. Cytokinins may facilitate phosphorus utili- 109,587-590 zation and affect cell growth by attracting R. & Kramers M.R. (1979) High perfor- Horgan nutrients to developing tissue (Van Staden liquid chromatography of cytokinins J. mance and Davey, 1979). Chromatogr. 173, 263-270 Menge J.A., Lab!!nauskas C.K., Johnson E.L.V. Platt R.G. (1978) Partial substitution of & fertilization in mycorrhizal fungi for phosphorus the greenhouse culture of Citrus. Soil Sci. Am. References J. 42, 926-930 Van Staden J. & Davey J.E. (1979) The synthe- Allen M.F., Moore T.S. & Christensen M. (1980) sis, transport, and metabolism of endogenous Phytohormone changes in Bouteloua gracilis cytokinins. Plant Cell Environ. 2, 93-106
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