Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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Reported speech (Câu tường thuật)
ĐTNX ( S)
O ( sau V )
TTSH + N
I
me
my
We
us
our
You
you
your
They
them
their
He
him
his
She
her
her
It
it
its
* Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại ý của người nói
* Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, để đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật => ta dùng
động từ giới thiệu là “ said” hoặc “told” và đổi BA yếu tố chính là : THÌ, NGÔI , TRẠNG NGỮ
I. THÌ ( lùi xuống 1 thì )
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
1. Hiện tại đơn
V/ Vs/ Ves / am / is / are / don’t + V1 / doesn’t V1
=> Quá khứ đơn
V2 / Ved / was / were / didn’t + V
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn
am / is / are + V-ing
=> Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Was / were + V-ing
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành
Have / has + V3/ed
=> Quá khứ hoàn thành
Had + V3/ed
4. Quá khứ đơn
Was / were / V2 / Ved
=> Quá khứ hoàn thành
Had + V3/ed
5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Was / were + V-ing
=> QKHTTD
Had + been + V-ing
4. Tương lai đơn
will + V
=> Tương lai trong quá khứ
would + V
5. can
=> could
6. may
=> might
7. must / need
=> had to
Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên
II.NGÔI
- Đổi Ngôi thứ nhất (I,We, me , us , my , our , mine , ours ) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ trong mđ chính
- Đổi Ngôi thứ hai ( you , your , your ) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA ( he, she , it , him, her , his, they, them, their ) => không đổi
❖ Note! ( Đổi ngôi thứ nhất số ít và số nhiều sang câu gián tiếp )
TƯỜNG THUẬT
TRỰC
TIẾP
TƯỜNG
THUẬT
TRỰC
TIẾP
TƯỜNG THUẬT
He ( nam)/She(nữ)
him / her
his / her
his / hers
himself / herself
We
us
our
ours
ourselves
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
You
You
Your
I/he/she/we
Me/him/her/us
My/his/her/our
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
III. TRẠNG TỪ
TRỰC TIẾP
TƯỜNG THUẬT
1. This
2. These
3. Now
4. Here
5. Today
6. Tonight
7. ago
8. yesterday
9. tomorrow
10. last….
11. next…..
=> That
=> Those
=> Then
=> There
=> That day
=> That night
=> before
=> the previous day / the day before
=> the following day / the day after
=> the previous…..
=> the following
IV. CÁC MẪU CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
CÂU PHÁT BIỂU
S + said/ said to O/ told O+ that +
S + V ( lùi xuống 1 thì ) + adv
CÂU HỎI
S + asked + ( O) / wondered/ wanted to know +( if /
whether) or (Wh- ) + S+ V ( lùi thì )
CÂU MỆNH LỆNH
Yêu cầu : asked + O + to-V
Mời : invited + O + To-V
Khuyên: advised + O + To-V
Nhắc nhở: reminded + O + To-V
Ra lệnh : ordred + O + To-V
Đồng ý: agreed + To-V
Hứa:promised + To-V
Khuyến khích:encouraged + O + To-V
Cảnh báo:warned + O + To-V
Muốn : wanted + O + To-V
Từ chối:refused + to V
Mong đợi: hoped + to V
Yêu cầu :demaded + to V
Quyết định:decided + to V
Đe dọa:threatened + to V
Xung phong:offered + To V
Mệnh lệnh: commanded + O + To V
Giới thiệu:Recommended + O + to V
Chỉ dẩn: instructed + O + To V
Thuyết phục: persuded + O + To V
Cám ơn: S + thanked + O + for V-ing
Xin lỗi: S + apologized ( to O ) + for V-ing
Buộc tội: S + accused + O + of V-ing
Chúc mừng : S + congratulated + O + on V-ing
Cảnh báo: S + warned + O + against + V-ing
Ngăn ngừa: S + stopped / prevented + O + from
V-ing
Đề nghị: S + suggested + V-ing
S + suggested that + S + ( should ) + V
Khăng khăng: S + insisted + on/upon + V-ing
Phủ nhận : S + denied + V-ing
Thừa nhận : admitted + Ving
admitted + having + V3/ed
Đổ lỗi :Blamed + O + for V-ing
Hối hận: regreted + Ving
Mơ về: dreamed of + Ving
Phản đối : objected to + Ving
Than phiền : complained about + Ving
Nghĩ về : thought of + V3/ed
Mong mỏi đến :looking forward to + Ving
Thú nhận : confessed to + Ving
Chỉ trích ai đó : criticized/reproach + O + for +
Ving
Tha Thứ cho ai :forgive + O + for + Ving
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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V. NO CHANGES IN VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH ( KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ )
➢
Lưu ý: không dùng dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm hỏi, dấu chấm than, dấu hai chấm trong lời nói
tường thuật
CÁC TRƯỜNG
HỢP KHÔNG
THAY ĐỔI THÌ
KHI CHUYỂN
TỪ TRỰC
TIẾP SANG
GIÁN TIẾP
Diễn tả 1
chân lý, sự
thật hiển
nhiên,câu
điều kiện
loại 2 và 3
Khi động từ
trong câu
trực tiếp có
các thì :quá
khứ tiếp diễn
kết hợp với
quá khứ
đơn,quá khứ
đơn với quá
khứ hoàn
thành ,quá
khứ đơn đi
kèm thời
gian cụ thể
Khi động từ
trong câu trực
tiếp có used
to,should,would,
could,might,
ought to,had
better,would
rather
Khi tường
thuật
mệnh đề
ước muốn
với “ wish”
và “ if only
“
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ ,cũng không thay
đổi thì trong các trường hợp sau
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai ( say,
tell, have told, will say...)
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyên từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1.
Nam said: "I am told to be at school before 7 o'clock".
→
..................................................................................................................................................
2.
Thu said: "All the students will have a meeting next week".
→
..................................................................................................................................................
3.
Phong said: “My parents are very proud of my good marks".
→
..................................................................................................................................................
4.
The teacher said: "All the homework must be done carefully".
→
..................................................................................................................................................
5.
Her father said to her: "You can go to the movie with your friend".
→
..................................................................................................................................................
6.
"Do you enjoy reading?", Phong asked Peter.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
7.
"Do your sister and brother go to the same school?", she asked Nam.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
8.
"Are there any oranges in the fridge?", she asked her mom.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
9.
"Were you reading this book at 8 o'clock last Sunday?", she asked Ba.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
10.
"Will it rain tomorrow morning?", he asked his friend.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
11.
"Where does your father work?" the teacher asked me.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
12.
"How many people are there in your family?" she asked Lan.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
13.
Tam's friend asked him: "How long will you stay in England?"
→
..................................................................................................................................................
14.
The teacher said to Lien: "What's your hobby?"
→
..................................................................................................................................................
15.
"How do you go to the airport?" his friend asked him.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
16.
"I wish I hadn't gone to the party last night" she said.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
17.
" The Earth moves around the Sun", my teacher said.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
18.
Peter said: "I want to tell you the news. You must be surprised"
→
..................................................................................................................................................
19.
The woman said: “When I was walking on the pavement, a strange man stopped and asked
me the way to the nearest bank."
→
..................................................................................................................................................
20.
"How many lessons are you going to learn next month?", he asked me.
→
..................................................................................................................................................
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
Page 202
Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1.
Jack asked his sister where she (go) the following day.
2.
The mother told her son (behave) so impolitely
3.
She asked why Mathew (look so embarrassed when he saw Carole.
4.
The boy admitted (not do) the homework.
5.
Our grandparents used to suggest (wear) sunglasses when we were out on bright
sunny days.
6.
Robert offered (help) Carlo do the dishes.
7.
The captain ordered his men (abandon) the ship immediately.
8.
Tom promised (give) Janet the answer by the end of the week.
9.
Jane criticized Frank for (disclose) their confidential report to the press.
10.
The team leader reminded us (tidy up) the final draft before submission.
11.
The kidnappers threatened (kill) our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
12.
Bill said that he never (be) to Russia and he thought he (go) there the next
year.
13.
John apologized to his Mum for (break) his promise.
14.
Steve warned Mike (touch) the wires as it might be deadly.
15.
The police asked Mr John what he (do) the night before.
16.
The doctor strongly advised Jasmine (take) a few days' rest.
17.
Mary said if she (be) rich, she (travel) around the world.
18.
He said that English (be) very useful for my future job and I (must) master it
19.
He said they (play) games in the bedroom then.
20.
She said that I had better (go) home early.
Exercise 3: Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1.
She said to him: "Give me another glass of wine".
→ She told ....................................................................................................................................
2.
She said to me: "Bring me a book".
→She asked .................................................................................................................................
3.
The mother said to him: "Open the window please!".
→The mother told .........................................................................................................................
4.
The captain said to them: "Wait here until I come back".
→ The captain asked ....................................................................................................................
5.
"Do come and enjoy tea with my family" she said.
→She invited us............................................................................................................................
6.
"Why don't we come to visit our teacher today?" he said.
→He suggested ............................................................................................................................
7.
"My advice to you is to do morning exercises" she said.
→She advised me.........................................................................................................................
8.
"I'm sorry I broke the glass", said Peter.
→ Peter apologized ......................................................................................................................
9.
"Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?" he asked,
→ He suggested ...........................................................................................................................
10.
"It's true that I broke your old vase", she said in tears.
→She admitted .............................................................................................................................