Đánh giá các giao thức định tuyến trong MANET qua thông số QoS

Nguyin Trung Thanh<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Mang di ddng Ad hoc (MANET) li mdt tap hop cic node mang cd kha nang di ddng mdt<br /> cich tiiy bien, khdng ed mdt ha tang co dinh. Do dd ed rit nhieu thich thuc dat ra trong<br /> nghien ciru vd MANET. Cic giao thuc dinh tuyen li mdt trong cic van de chinh cin duac<br /> nghien cim. Nhieu giao thuc dmh tuyen da dugc de xucit, mdi giao thitc cd nhOng uu nhugc<br /> diem nhat dinh tuy theo dae tinh di dgng ciia mang, vi duac dinh gii theo cic tham so<br /> QoS eu the. Pause Time (P) li mgt tham so ehinh the hien d$c tinh di dgng. Bii viet nay<br /> dinh gii giao thuc DSDV, DSR, AODV thdng qua 3 thdng sd QoS li PDF, AED, NRL vdi cic<br /> gii tri P khac nhau. Bii viet sit dung NS2 vdi tham sd bien thien P de md phdng hoat dting<br /> cua mang va tinh toin eie thdng sd QoS ddi vdi eae giao thirc tuong img.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I. G i a i THIEU Cd nhieu giao thiic dinh tuyen cd dac diem khdc<br /> Khac biet so vdi cac mang cd ha tdng cd dinh, nhau va dupc chia thanh cac nhdm. Dieu nay dua<br /> MANET cd cac rang bupc (constraint): (1) Bang ra mdi quan tam vd viec so sanh, danh gia giiia cac<br /> thdng, (2) Tai nguyen (ngudn, bd nhd), (3) tinh dpng giao thirc de dua ra cac de xuat nang cao hieu sit<br /> cua kien tnic mang. Do dd, van de dinh tuyen trong dung. Nhieu nghien cim thuc hien theo cdc tmdng<br /> MANET la rat phiic tap. Dinh tuydn gdm 02 phdn, hpp thudc td hpp gida cac giao thirc va cdc thdng sd<br /> Thuat todn dinh tuyen (cd tmh cd dinh, thudng QoS, vdi su bien thien cua cac tham sd the hien dac<br /> su dung chung mdt thuat toan) va Giao thiic dinh tinh di dpng cua mang (Pause Time, Speed, Number<br /> tuyen (ed tinh ddng, sit dung cac giao thirc khac of Node, Mobility Model). Cac cdng viec nay thudng<br /> nhau). Cd rat nhieu dii an nghien cim vd van de sir dung phan mem md phdng de lay du Ueu phan<br /> dinh tuyen, dac biet la vd giao thiic dinh tuyen. tich.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 46 TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 (3.2011)<br />  PHAT TRIEN IJNG DUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Sunil Taneja et al [\] da phan tich giao thirc DSR Bai viet nay phan tich, so sanh giao thuc DSDV,<br /> va AODV theo tham sd PDF bdng viec sir dung md AODV, DSR theo tham sd QoS la AED, PDF, NRL vdi<br /> phdng vdi tham sd bien thien Pause Time va Speed tham sd bien thien P=0s^Ts (Simulation Time).<br /> trong khi cd dinh cac thdng sd khac d mdt sd gia tri:<br /> sd node, sd cap tmyen-nhan. Ket qua chi ra AODV ji_ G I ^ O THLTC DINH TUYEN VA VAN<br /> tdt hon d md hinh cd ty le sd cap tmyen-nhan cao; Q^ DOS<br /> DSR thi dn dinh md hinh cd sd node du cao. Ket luan<br /> A. Cac giao thu'c dmh tuyen trong MANET<br /> la ndi chung AODV lua chpn tdt. Tuy nhien, bai viet<br /> . ,,.. ^. . ^ ,.• r^„T^,, . ^ j - ^ . , Giao thiic dinh tuyen trong MANETs cdn dap imq<br /> nay khong phan tich den DSDV, va theo du bp tham • J ^<br /> , , „ ^ , ^ , „^„ rrr T^i cac rang budc neu tren. Giao thirc dinh tuyen chia<br /> soAED, NRL, PDF [n.B]. ^ ' ^<br /> lam 03 nhdm chinh: Giao thirc dinh tuyen tmdc/dinh<br /> NUesh et al. [2] thuc hien md phdng, danh gia . ,. ^^ , / ,., j ,^<br /> 1- o 3 tuyen theo bang (proactive/table-dnven), Giao thuc<br /> giao thirc AODV thdng qua tham sd PDF, AEF, bdng , ^ - , ./. i, • ,. - -• , ,<br /> dmh tuyen lai/dmh tuyen theo yeu cau (reactive/<br /> each thay ddi sd node ciia mang. _, j, . ^ .,. • .* v. ^ - , ,T, i, .,,<br /> on-demand) va Giao thuc dinh tuyen lai (Hybnd).<br /> Ashish Ahuja et ai [3] md phdng vdi img dung gaj ^^^ ^ay dd cap den hai loai giao thiic ddu.<br /> dimg TCP, giao thiic dinh tuyen SSA (Signal Stability T^- . ,. . _ . , - ' • ^ ,-<br /> • Dac tinh cua proactive la tat ca cac node luon cap<br /> Adaptive), tham sd bien thien Pause Time. ^. ^.. . . - . , . - • , . ,,..<br /> nhat trang thai cua cac tuyen, du co can hay khong.<br /> Georgy Sklyarenko et al [4] nghien ciiu giao cac node cap nhat thdng tin cho nhau theo chu ky<br /> thiic AODV. Bai viet phan tich ve vai trd ciia tmdng j^^at dinh. Uu diem chinh oia proactive la tuyen ket<br /> Sequence number va TTL trong viec chdng lap. ^di ludn sdn sang, do dd tre tmyen gdi tin la nhd<br /> S.S. Tyagi et al [5] danh gia giao thiic DSDV, DSR, Uon kieu dinh tuyen khac. Nhupc diem chinh la sd<br /> AODV bdng each thay ddi sd node, tham sd Pause. lupng dft Ueu didu khien (overhead) cao. Cac giao<br /> Ket qua chi ra rdng AODV va DSR tdt hon d md hinh thiic nay su dung Bandwidth nhieu cho didu khien<br /> cd sd node cao (len tdi hang nghin node). ngoai ra, proactive yeu cdu bd nhd nhieu va phiic<br /> J/zza/ K Acharjee et al. [6] danh gia DSDV, DSR, AODV, tap ban.<br /> theo cac tham sd nhu bai viet nay. Tuy nhien, sir dung Giao thiic reactive cd dac diem la chi thiet lap<br /> md phdng vdi tham bien Max Speed thdp (8m/s) va budc tuyen ket ndi khi can gia (pha route discovery,<br /> chuyen gifla cdc gia tn Pause Time cao. Hinhl). Do dd, 0 a m dupc overhead, nhung trd cd<br /> Pause Time (P) la khoang thdi gian gifla hai Idn the cao hon.<br /> di chuyen lien Hai loai dinh<br /> tidp cua mdt node. /'~N-^:J'h'^.^:'^^'**; NI-NZ-NS-NS' Destination tuyen tren deu cd<br /> • Ni-N2-N5^N8 i ,1 N2 r * " - . ^ " - - / " " N , ^<br /> Tham bien nay - ' l * * ^ — ^ ~~^^~£*( NS V " - ^>^~^ tru va nhupc diem<br /> anh hudng tdi tmh Sourc^ '1/^^ —'— ^r^\^i^^^^^\^\J khac nhau. Timg<br /> di ddng (MobiUty) (^~\ ^^^ | NI-N3-N4 \/7 \ Ni-N3-N4-N6lij7] ^1 giao thuc cu the se<br /> ciia cac nodes. ^~"^\ ^X.jNiro^ — - — - • ^ / i phii hpp vdi timg<br /> Do do, chdt lupng \^I\ yti ^^ 51 Os. Tai P=Os, sd gdi dupc<br /> giii di thanh cdng. Dieu nay cd the dupc giai thich<br /> rdng DSR sit dung cache chira cac tuyen khdng dung<br /> "mvaUd", khi ma thuc te cac tuyen luu d cache da<br /> ldi. Sd di nhu vay vi d tmdng hpp nay DSR thieu co<br /> che dd phat hien cac ldi dd.<br /> AODV cd tham sd PDF cao (PDF > 98%) va luu<br /> lupng cao d tai tat ca cac gia tri P. Nhu vay, giao<br /> Hinh 4: Thuc thi tep Nam voi giao thuc AODV, Pause=0 thirc nay cd tinh dn dinh cao, khd nang md rdng<br /> tdt. Dieu nay la do cac pha route discovery va route<br /> B. Quan sat & phan tich<br /> mauitenance gifl dupc thdng tin dung ve cac tuyen<br /> (I) Tyle truyen gdi ket ndi. Vdi tdc dp CBR da chpn cho cac gdi du lieu,<br /> Hinh 5, Hinh 6 la ket qua cua ty le tmyen gdi tdc dd gdi dieu khien d mirc thap (tdt).<br /> theo dang tuong ddi (%) va dang tuyet ddi (sd lupng<br /> Trong khi dd, DSDV cd tham sd PDF thdp hon oia<br /> gdi).<br /> AODV mdt chiit. Tham sd nay cd xu hudng tang va,<br /> Giao thiic DSR, theo Hinh 5, cd PDF kha cao nhung the hien su dn dinh khi P cao. Dieu nay cd nghia la<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 50 TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 (3.2011)<br />  PHAT TRIEN L/NG DUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 40000<br /> <br /> <br /> JWOO<br /> *S0. J 3 9 i 2<br /> 5O0O0<br /> <br /> <br /> 250 DO<br /> E<br /> 1 «50.199A<br /> 2O0O0<br /> <br /> <br /> < ISO 0 0<br /> <br /> <br /> tOO.00<br /> <br /> <br /> M.OO<br /> * \<br /> OjOO<br /> 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 4SC >iO 600<br /> <br /> Pause Time (s)<br /> <br /> —•—AODV -n-DSDv DSR<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 7: Tre toSn trinh vs. Pause Time<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 120,67ms) thdp hon mdt chut so vdi DSDV.<br /> Khi miic dp di dpng thdp, tmng binh, DSDV tdt<br /> hon AODV. DSDV cd du thdi gian de cap nhat trang<br /> thai oia mang. Do dd, khi DSDV gui gdi, khdng cd<br /> 120 180 740 300 360 470 4«0 MO eOO<br /> trd de tim tuyen gifla ngudn-dich. Trong cac tmdng<br /> Pause T i m e (*) hpp "tdi te" (trong md phdng nay khi P = 450s) ddi<br /> vdi ca hai AODV, DSDV thi DSDV vdn tdt hon.<br /> HinhS: NRL vs. Pause Time (3) Tii eho dmh tuyen<br /> khi mirc dp di ddng thap, DSDV cd cac bang dinh Dd danh nhan thdy DSDV cd cac gia tri NRL xap xi<br /> tuyen luu cdc thdng tin chinh xac dupc lau hon, sd nhau dii cho tinh di dpng cao hay thdp. Sd di nhu<br /> gdi mat do gui sai tuyen it hon. vay vi DSDV phai cap nhat trang thai mang theo<br /> (2) Trd trung binh toin thnh dmh ky, dii cho kien tnic mang cd bien ddng hay<br /> H.7 thd hien tham sd trd toan trinh. Do giao thiic khdng. Tai P = T, dii cac node hdu nhu khdng di<br /> DSR cd tham sd PDF qua thap. Khi danh gia theo tham chuyen trong thdi gian md phdng, DSDV van cdn<br /> sd nay, tac gia ehi so sanh gitla AODV va DSDV. Vdi trao ddi thdng tin dinh tuyen vdi gia ngang nhau<br /> miic dp di ddng cao (P < 300s), AODV cd trd (AED < (NRL = 4%.).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> lOOO<br /> m<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1 2 OOO<br /> <br /> <br /> f— 1 SCK><br /> <br /> S 1 oao V w 7 * * T* * - « ' * " ••• ^ • p - » •» '<br /> 1<br /> 0 60 120 ISO 240 300 360 420 480 t)40 600<br /> <br /> P a u s r T i m e (s)<br /> <br /> —•—AOOV -•-OSOV DSH<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 9: Routing overhead vs. Pause Time<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 ) 51<br />  PHAT TRIEN L/NG DUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> RAFIQUE. "Experiential Analysis of Ad-hoc Routing Protocols Using<br /> Ngupc lai, AODV chi can duy tri cdc tuyen giiia oia<br /> Network Simulator", Journal of Computer Science, Vol - 1 , No - 2,<br /> cac ket ndi ngudn-dich. NRL giam khi tinh di ddng<br /> December 2007. pp 01-06, ISSN 1994-6244.<br /> giam. Khi tinh di ddng thap nhdt, sd lupng gdi didu<br /> [7]. MUBASHIR HUSAIN REHMANI, SIDNEY DORIA, AND<br /> khien la thap nhat, NRL ^ 0%.<br /> MUSTAPHA REDA SENOUCI, "4 Tutaial on the Implementation<br /> of Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (ACDV) Protocol in Network<br /> V . KET L U A N<br /> Simulata(NS-2)", 28th June 2009.<br /> Bai bao phan tich, so sanh cac giao thirc duih<br /> [8]. X. MASIP-BRUINA, M. YANNUZZIB, J. DOMINGG-<br /> tuyen trong MANET (bao gdm: DSDV, DSR, AODV)<br /> PASCUAIA, A. FONTEB, M. CURADOB, E. MONTEIROB, F.<br /> qua tham sd QoS (bao gdm: PDF, AED, NRL). Tai cac<br /> KUIPERSC, P. VAN MIEGHEMC, S. AVALLONED, G. VENTRED,<br /> tmdng hpp theo md phdng ndy, DSR cd chat lupng<br /> P. ARANDA-GUTIE'RREZE, M. HOLLICKF, R. STEINMETZF, L.<br /> thap do thieu ca che phat hien ldi kdt ndi. DSDV phii<br /> lANNONEG, K. SAIAMATIANG, "Research challenges in QoS<br /> hop vdi mang cd tinh di dpng thap, tuong img vdi<br /> routing", q 2005 Elsevier B.V.<br /> Pause Time < 300s. AODV la giao thirc cd tham sd<br /> [9]. Tipu An/ind Ramrekha and Chrlstos Politis et al, "An<br /> QoS tdt; khi tinh di dpng cao cd tham sd QoS tdt nhat<br /> so vdi 2 giao thiic kia. AODV the hien kha nang md Adaptive QoS Routing Solution fa MANET Based Multimedia<br /> <br /> rdng, dn dinh. Communications inEmagency Cases", MOBILIGHT2009, LNICST<br /> 13,pp. 74—84, 2009.<br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao [10]. HARPREET ARORA, LLOYD GREENWALD, USHA<br /> <br /> [ll.SUNILTANEJAASHWANIKUSHANDAIVlANDEEPMAKKAR, RAO AND JOHN NOVATNACK, "Perfonvance Comparison and<br /> <br /> "Experimental Analysis of DSR, AODV using Speed and Pause time",Atnalysis of two QoS schemes: SWAN andDIffserv", Department of<br /> International Journal of Innovation. Management and Technology, Computer Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104.<br /> <br /> Vol. 1, No. 5, December 2010, ISSN: 2010-0248. [11]. FAN BAI, NARAYANAN SADAGOPAN AND AHMED<br /> <br /> [2]. NILESH. P. BOBADE and NITIKET. N. MHALA, "Perfomnance HELMY, "IMPORTANT A framework to systematically analyze the<br /> <br /> Evaluation of AODV for Mobile Ad Hoc Network with Varying Network Impact of Mobility on Performance of RouTing protocols for Adhoc<br /> Size", Proceedings of the International Joint Jouval Conference on NeTworks", 10.1109/INFCOM.2003.1208920.<br /> Engineering and Technology (IJJCEJ2010). [12]. Manual of Netv^^ork Simulator http://wwvtf.isi.edu/nsnam/<br /> <br /> [3]. ASHISH AHUJA, SUIABH AGARWAL, JATINDER PAL ns/.<br /> <br /> SINGH, RAJEEV SHOREY, "Perfomnance of TCP over Different<br /> Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks", Indian Institute of<br /> Technology, HauzKhas, New Delhi 110016, India.<br /> <br /> [4]. GEORGY SKLYARENKO, "AODV Routing Protocol", Institut<br /> furlnformatik.FreieUniversifatBerlin.Takustr. 9,0-14195 Berlin,<br /> Germany Seminar Technische Informatik.<br /> <br /> [5]. S.S. TYAGI, R.K. CHAUHAN, "Perfomnance Analysis of<br /> Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols for Ad hoc Networks",<br /> International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 1 — No.<br /> 14,2010.<br /> <br /> [6]. UZZAL K. ACHARJEE. ANIS AHMED AND SHAHIDA<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 5 2 I TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 )<br />