Đánh giá tốc độ phản ứng oxi hóa amoni trong kỹ thuật màng sinh học tầng chuyển động

Tap chi Hoa hgc, T. 48 (4), Tr. 452 - 457,2010<br /> <br /> <br /> DANH GIA TOC DO PHAN LfNG OXI HOA AMONI<br /> ^<br /> TRONG KY THUAT MANG SINH HOC TANG CHUYEN DONG<br /> Den Tda sogn 5-01-2009<br /> LE V A N C A T , NGUYEN THI THU TRANG<br /> Vien Hda hgc. Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam<br /> <br /> <br /> ABSTRACT<br /> Nitrification presents a slow process in water and wastewater treatment. Several reaction<br /> techniques are being applied, such as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), to promote the<br /> nitrification rate. The nitrification kinetics of the system is complex involving bioprocesses and<br /> transport within the media, but the design and operation of a treatment system require kinetic<br /> data. For the pragmatic purpose, the kinetic data of the nitrification process performed in MBBR<br /> was analysed by the formal chemical reaction to obtain the reaction constant and reaction order<br /> under completely mixed flow conditions. The dependences of reaction rate, reaction order as well<br /> as reaction constant upon the influent ammonia concentration were presented and discussed by<br /> means of transport qualitatively.<br /> <br /> <br /> I - DAT VAN DE Qua trtnh oxi hda amoni trai qua hai giai<br /> doan: amoni bi oxi hda thanh nitrit do chung vi<br /> Hien nay, ngudn nude ngam cap cho sinh sinh Nitrosomonas, tiep dd nitrit bi oxi hda thanh<br /> hoat tai nhiiu noi, nhit la d vilng ddng bing nitrat bdi chung vi sinh vat Nitrobacter. So vdi vi<br /> sdng Hdng va Ctfu Long, bi d nhiim amoni sinh vat di dudng hiiu khi thi tdc do phIt trien<br /> nang ni ca vi qui md rdng vl miic do. Trong cua vi sinh tu dudng cham hon, chi bing khoang<br /> thdi gian qua, mdt sd nghien citu va thit nghiem 20 - 30% va hieu suit sinh khdi thap [ 6 - 8 ] .<br /> da dugc thuc hien nhim tim kiim giii phap<br /> cdng nghe xii ly amoni ap dung cho cac qui md Do tdc do phat trien cham nen ky thuat phan<br /> khac nhau [1, 2]. ling thuc hien qui trinh oxi hda amoni (nitrat<br /> hda) thudng dugc thuc hien theo phuang thiic<br /> Phuong phap mang sinh hgc sit dung ky ming vi sinh. So vdi ky thuat dang huyin phu,<br /> thuat ting chuyin ddng (Moving Bed Biofilm kha nang tang cudng mat do vi sinh tren mdt<br /> Reactor - MBBR) la ky thuat trong dd vi sinh don vi thi tich cao hon. Vi mat do vi sinh Idn<br /> sinh tradng va phIt trien tren vat lieu mang, vat nen dan din viec cung cap diiu kien hoat ddng<br /> lieu mang chuyin ddng trong mdi tradng nude cho vi sinh vat bi ban chi, khi dd qui trinh<br /> dudi tac dung cua ngoai luc (ddng khf hoac chuyen khd'i trong he trd thanh yiu td quan<br /> khuiy trdn co hgc). Ky thuat tren gan day dugc trgng va cd kha nang trd thanh yiu to quyit dinh<br /> Ip dung rdng rai tren t h i gidi trong viec xii ly qua trinh ddng hgc cua phan ung. Ky thuat ting<br /> cac ngudn nude thai giiu nita, hoac xii ly ddng chuyen ddng cd kha nang tang cudng qui trinh<br /> thdi ca nita va chit hiiu co va dugc danh gia la chuyen khd'i trong he, thiic diy nhanh tdc do<br /> giai phap cd hieu qua de nang d p chit lugng xii qui trtnh nitrat hda [4, 9 - 13].<br /> ly ciia cic he thdng biin hoat tfnh thdng dung<br /> dang hoat ddng [ 3 - 5 ] . Trong ky thuat ting chuyen ddng, vat lieu sit<br /> dung lam chit mang vi sinh cd dien tfch b i mat<br /> 452<br /> dugc bao ve (tranh bong mang vi sinh) Idn hon (X) vio thdi gian luu thuy luc (r), se tfnh dugc<br /> so vdi vat lieu sit dung cho ting tinh, cd kfeh tdc do phin ling (-r^) tai mdt gia tri ndng do d<br /> thudc Idn hon so vdi vat lieu trong ky thuat ting diu ra (trong he phan ling). Thay ddi ndng do<br /> luu thi (bd qua dugc ichau ling), va nhe d i d i diu vIo (Co) va giit dn dinh tdc do ddng (thdi<br /> chuyen ddng ma phai sit dung it nang lugng. gian liru thuy luc) hoac thay ddi tdc dd ddng vdi<br /> Xem he phan ung la mdt mdi tradng gia ciing ndng dd diu vao se din din sir thay ddi<br /> ddng the, hing sd tdc do va bac phan ung cua ciia hieu suit phan ling.<br /> mgt phan ung ddng lien tue cd khuiy trdn dugc Sii dung phuang trtnh (1) va (2) cho phep<br /> xac dinh theo phuang phap Levenspiel [14]: xic dinh bac va hing sd tdc do phan ung.<br /> <br /> r -c CQ-^A-^O C -C<br /> ^0 ^A-•Vo (1) II - THUC NGHIEM<br /> V<br /> Mat khic, phuong trinh ddng hgc md ta mdt Vat lieu mang sit dung la bgt xd'p<br /> phan ling ddng cd dang tdng quit: polyurethan (PU) cd khd'i lugng rieng thuc la<br /> 0,97 kg/dm^, chit mang PU cd dang lap phuong<br /> -r,=k.c:' (2) vdi kfeh thudc tit 0,7 - 1 cm, thi tfch cua chit<br /> Trong dd: mang chiim khoang 7% thi tfch binh phan ling.<br /> Binh phan ling dang hinh tru, dung tich 3 1ft, ben<br /> Co II ndng do d ddng vao, mg/1<br /> trong cd bd tri mdt thiit bi sue khi vl cd the<br /> C/i la ndng do d ddng ra, mgA diiu chinh ham lugng oxi hda tan trong khd'i<br /> n la bac phan ung phin ling.<br /> -r^ la tdc do phan ling theo the tfch ddng, Trong thdi gian diu cua qui trinh thf<br /> mg/l.h nghiem, khi mat dd vi sinh tren vat lieu mang<br /> cdn thip, vat lieu mang thudng ndi tren mat<br /> T II thdi gian luu thuy luc, h nude. Khi lugng vi sinh bam tren vat lieu mang<br /> VQ la tdc dd ddng, 1/h du Idn, ti trgng cua khd'i vat lieu mang (bao gdm<br /> ca vi sinh) bang hoac Idn hon nude nen dudi tic<br /> V la the tfch binh phan itng, 1<br /> dung cua ddng khf cic hat vat lieu mang nay se<br /> XA la hieu suit chuyen hda chuyin ddng diu trong nude. Vat lieu tren ciing<br /> da dugc sit dung trong nghien ciiu va thuc tiin d<br /> Tit su phu thudc cua hieu suit chuyin hda nhieu noi tren thi gidi [13, 15].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ddng ra -«<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> May sue khf<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ddng vao<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 1: Md ta thiit bi phan ung Igc sinh hgc ting chuyen ddng<br /> <br /> <br /> 453<br />  Dung dich amoni dugc pha tit nude may vdi kiim, phdt pho, oxi hda tan, pH. Cac phuang<br /> ndng do phu hgp cho muc dich khao sat, trong phap phan tfch dugc thuc hien theo tai lieu [16].<br /> dd cac thanh phan cin thiit khac nhim duy tri<br /> su hoat ddng cua vi sinh dugc dam bao. Tdc do Ill - KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br /> ddng dugc khdng che va diiu chinh nhd ap luc<br /> thuy tinh va van thich hgp. De thiit lap phuang trinh ddng hgc, thi<br /> Thf nghiem dugc tiin hanh tai nhiet do nghiem dugc tiin hanh vdi nin miu nude may,<br /> phdng. Nude diu vao dugc dua vao tir phia day bd sung amoni di cd ndng dd amoni la 10, 15,<br /> binh phan ling va dugc khuiy trdn deu dudi tie 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 mg NH4^-N/1. Ddi vdi cac thf<br /> dung cua ddng khf, diu ra dugc liy d phfa nghiem cd cung ndng do amoni (CQ), thay ddi<br /> tren.Thf nghiem dugc tiin hanh vdi nhiiu miic tdc do ddng v^ (thay ddi thdi gian luu d) khi do<br /> ndng do amoni. Vdi mdi ndng do amoni diu ndng do amoni diu ra cung thay ddi tir dd tinh<br /> vao, thay ddi cac lim lugng Q khac nhau tuang dugc hieu suit chuyin hda (Z^) va tfnh dugc tdc<br /> ling se thu dugc ndng do amoni diu ra khac do phan ung (z-^) (xem bieu thiic (1) va hinh 1,<br /> nhau do hieu suit chuyen hda phu thudc vao 2). Vdi he phan ling sit dung ky thuat ddng lien<br /> thdi gian luu thuy luc. tue khuiy trdn diu, ndng do cac chat trgng khdi<br /> phan ling chinh la ndng do tai ddng ra. Ndng do<br /> Trong qua trinh thi nghiem, miu dugc liy va<br /> trong khdi phan ling phu thudc vao thdi gian luu<br /> phan tfch nhiiu lan trong ngay. Cac thdng sd<br /> thuy luc.<br /> can phan tfch: NH4*-N, NOj" -N, N03- -N, do<br /> <br /> / : Ndng do amoni dau ra vdi luu lugng ddng vao khic nhau,<br /> ndng do amoni diu vao CQ = 20 mg NH4*-NA<br /> Co = 20 mg NH4^-N/1<br /> Co Vo T<br /> XA<br /> (mg NH4^-NA) (1/h) (h) (mg NH4^-NA) (mg NH4*-NA.h)<br /> 19,90 1,85 1,62 0,67 0,97 11,90<br /> 20,20 2,30 1,30 1,05 0,95 14,71<br /> 20,70 2,97 1,01 2,50 0,88 18,03<br /> 20,20 3,62 0,83 3,85 0,81 19,74<br /> 20,40 4,00 0,75 5,54 0,73 19,86<br /> 20,70 4,65 0,65 6,50 0,69 22,14<br /> 19,80 6,02 0,50 8,10 0,59 23,44<br /> 20,10 7,50 0,40 10,70 0,47 23,62<br /> 20,40 9,04 0,33 12,40 0,39 23,97<br /> <br /> Tif mdi quan he r^ vdi C^ (hinh 1, 2) tinh luu thuy luc cao. Vat lieu mang cd dien tich bi<br /> dugc cac gia tri hing so tdc do (k) vl bac phan mat Idn (theo tinh toln theo kich thudc hinh<br /> ung (n) (bang 3) phu thudc vao ndng do amoni hgc, vat lieu tren cd dien tich khoang 7000<br /> ban diu. mVm^), dien tfch be mat tap trang chu yiu d<br /> Tit kit qua trong bang 1 va 2 cho thiy, khi phfa trong va la noi tap trang vi sinh vat. Co<br /> tang luu lugng, tuang ling la thdi gian luu thuy chat cin thiit cho vi sinh hoat ddng cin phai<br /> luc giam (thdi gian tiip xiic ngln) thi hieu suit khuich tin din vi trf nim d phfa trong cua vat<br /> lieu. Ndng do amoni cao d phfa ngoai (C^) tao<br /> chuyin hda cua phan ling (X^) giam va tdc do<br /> diiu kien thuan Igi cho ddng khuich tin vao<br /> phan ung tang. Tdc do phan ung tang do nguyen<br /> phia trong (su cherih lech ndng do la ddng luc<br /> nhin ndng do amoni (C^) Idn, tuy nhien miic do<br /> cua qua trtnh khuich tan), tao diiu kien cho vi<br /> tang tdc do phan ung cham lai d vilng thdi gian<br /> 454<br /> sinh vat di tiip can vdi ngudn dinh dudng. Do amoni d ddng vao (thuc chit la trong khd'i phan<br /> mat do vi sinh (ngudn tieu thu) 11 kha dn dinh ling) cho tha'y trong viing ndng do cao tdc do<br /> trong thdi gian tiin hinh thf nghiem (giai doan phan ling it phu thudc vao ndng do, su kien dd<br /> dn dinh) nen tdc do tieu thu co chit bi gidi han cd thi mang y nghia la miic do tieu thu cua vi<br /> ngay ca khi ngudn dinh dudng dugc cung clp sinh da den gidi han. Trong vung ndng do thi'p<br /> ddi dao (tang thdi gian luu thiiy luc va khuich thi bac phan ling tang, tdc do phan ling phu<br /> tin). thudc manh ban vao ndng do do qui trinh<br /> chuyen khd'i cham.<br /> Khi ndng dd amoni tang tir 10, 15, 20, 30,<br /> 40, 50, 60, 70 mg NH4-'-NA, hing sd tdc do k cd Xic dinh phuang trinh ddng hgc ciia phan<br /> gia tri tuong ling la: 13,609; 13,769; 13,978; ling oxi hda amoni cd y nghia rat Idn trong viec<br /> 14,830; 15,953; 16,231 va 20,172. Hang sd tdc tinh toan va thiit k i cac he thdng xii ly, dac biet<br /> do cua phan ling oxi hda amoni tang din khi ddi vdi nhiing he thdng cin xit ly sau (ndng do<br /> tang ndng do amoni diu. amoni sau xit ly thip) hay nhung ngudn nude<br /> Khi ndng do amoni tang tit 10, 15, 20, 30, thai cd ndng do amoni thap cin dugc xit ly. Khi<br /> 40, 50, 60, 70 mg NH4-'-N/l, bac phan ling n dd miic do phu thudc cua tdc do oxi hda amoni<br /> giam din va cd xu hudng tiin vi 0. CIc gia tri n vao ndng do diu vao cin dugc quan tam chat<br /> tuong ling vdi cic ndng dd amoni diu vao la: che. Bac phan ung xac dinh dugc vi vay cd thi<br /> 0,4133; 0,3205; 0,2310; 0,1727; 0,1341; 0,1070 la mdt dai lugng dac trung cho qua trinh chuyen<br /> va 0,0857. Bac phan ung giam khi tang ndng do khd'i ddi vdi he khao sat.<br /> <br /> Bang 2: Ndng do amoni diu ra vdi luu lugng ddng vao khac nhau,<br /> ndng do amoni diu vao CQ = 50 mg NH4*-NA<br /> Co = 50 mg NH4^-NA<br /> Co Vo T CA TA<br /> XA<br /> (mgNH4^-NA) (1/h) (h) (mg NH4^-NA) (mg NH4*-NA.h)<br /> 49,25 1,07 2,80 1,33 0,97 17,04<br /> 50,00 1,19 2,52 4,50 0,91 18,05<br /> 50,25 1,39 2,16 7,04 0,86 20,02<br /> 50,00 1,56 1,92 9,50 0,81 21,06<br /> 49,75 1,68 1,79 11,50 0,77 21,45<br /> 50,50 2,00 1,50 16,56 0,67 22,56<br /> 50,50 2,10 1,43 19,07 0,62 21,92<br /> 49,75 2,55 1,18 23,53 0,53 22,41<br /> <br /> <br /> C„ = 20 mgNH4 -N/l<br /> 26<br /> 24<br /> 22<br /> 20 y=13.978x" '<br /> •^18 R^ = 0.9663<br /> 16<br /> 14<br /> 12<br /> 10<br /> 10 15<br /> Hinh 1: Tdc dd xii ly amoni phu thudc vao ndng do amoni dau ra (hay thdi gian luu thuy luc)<br /> khi ndng do amoni dau vao la 20 mg NH4''-N/1<br /> <br /> 455<br />  25 - Co = 50 mgNHt'^-N/l<br /> <br /> • _ -—I<br /> <br /> ^ '<br /> ^20-<br /> ^^^^^^ y = 16.231X<br /> ^ * R^ = 0.9295<br /> 15 - '<br /> 0 5 10 CA 15 20 25<br /> Hinh 2: Tdc do xit ly amoni phu thudc vao ndng dd amoni diu ra (hay thdi gian luu thuy luc)<br /> khi ndng do amoni diu vao II 50 mg NH4"^-N/1<br /> <br /> Ba«^ 3: CIc gia tri hang sd tdc dd (k) va bac phan ling (n) phu thudc<br /> vao ndng do amoni ban diu (CQ)<br /> Co n k R^<br /> 10 0,4133 13,609 0,9298<br /> 15 0,3205 13,769 0,9011<br /> 20 0,2310 13,978 0,9663<br /> 30 0,1727 14,830 0,9191<br /> 40 0,1341 15,953 0,8999<br /> 50 0,1070 16,231 0,9295<br /> 70 0,0857 20,172 0,9792<br /> <br /> IV - KET LUAN and technology for sustainability of asia.<br /> Octorber 2 - 4, 2006 at Kumamoto<br /> Cd the xic dinh dugc phuang trtnh ddng hgc University, Japan.<br /> cua phin ting oxi hda amoni trong ky thuat 2. 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Association, Water Environmental<br /> Federation (1999).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Lien he: Nguyin Thi Thu Trang<br /> Vien Hda hgc<br /> Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam<br /> 18 Hoang Qud'c Viet, Cdu Giiy, Ha Ndi.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 457<br />