Kết quả điều trị ngoại khoa hẹp khí quản tại Trung tâm Tim mạch và Lồng ngực, Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức giai đoạn 2021–2025

Tracheal stenosis, characterized by the narrowing of the airway, presents a significant clinical challenge due to its potential to cause severe respiratory distress, including dyspnea, cough, and stridor. This condition, often resulting from prolonged intubation or tracheostomy, necessitates effective management strategies to restore adequate ventilation and prevent life-threatening complications. While conservative interventions exist, surgical resection and end-to-end anastomosis are often considered the definitive treatment for severe cases. However, the complexity and associated risks of tracheal surgery underscore the critical need for comprehensive outcome evaluation. This study aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical features and assess the early surgical outcomes of patients undergoing treatment for tracheal stenosis at the Cardiovascular and Thoracic Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, during the period 2021-2025.

Cardiothoracic surgeons, pulmonologists, and medical researchers focused on the diagnosis and treatment of tracheal stenosis and airway management.

This cross-sectional and retrospective study investigated the surgical outcomes of 32 patients with tracheal stenosis treated at the Cardiovascular and Thoracic Center, Viet Duc University Hospital, from 2021 to 2025. The study population was notably young, with a mean age of 28.5 years, predominantly male (90.6%), and a significant proportion (53.1%) under 20 years old, often due to acquired causes like prolonged intubation or tracheostomy. Patients commonly presented with cough, stridor, and dysphonia, with mMRC dyspnea scale grade 2 being most frequent (56.3%). Diagnostic imaging, particularly CT scans, showed a strong correlation with bronchoscopy in assessing the severity of tracheal stenosis, proving its utility in surgical planning. All surgeries were performed via a cervical approach, with tracheal end-to-end anastomosis being the predominant technique (90.6%), involving a mean resected tracheal length of 24.3 ± 9.5 mm. Postoperative complications were observed in only 12.5% of patients, with a mean operative time of 89.5 minutes and a hospital stay of 8.6 days. Outcomes evaluated by Grillo's classification indicated good results in 81.3% and fair in 12.5%, with no reported mortality. The findings suggest that surgical intervention for tracheal stenosis offers favorable early outcomes and a low complication rate, emphasizing its efficacy as a definitive treatment method for this complex respiratory condition.