Kết quả phẫu thuật hẹp khúc nối bể thận – niệu quản ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Sản Nhi Nghệ An

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) represents a significant congenital anomaly within the urinary tract, impacting approximately 1 in 1500 newborns and posing a substantial risk to long-term renal function, particularly in children. Its non-specific clinical presentation often leads to delayed diagnosis, underscoring the critical need for early detection and effective management to prevent progressive kidney damage or even organ loss. Advances in prenatal imaging, particularly ultrasound, offer crucial opportunities for identifying UPJO cases early, enabling timely intervention. This study, conducted at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical features of UPJO in children and evaluate the surgical outcomes of its treatment within the 2020-2023 period, highlighting the importance of specialized pediatric surgical care in regional hospitals.

Pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, urologists, nephrologists, radiologists, and medical researchers interested in congenital urinary tract anomalies and their surgical management in children.

This retrospective analysis investigated the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children treated at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital from 2020 to 2023. The study included 38 pediatric patients diagnosed with UPJO who underwent reconstructive surgery using the Anderson-Hynes method, a widely recognized surgical technique. Data collected encompassed clinical symptoms, imaging findings, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes, providing a comprehensive view of treatment efficacy. Key findings revealed that the patient cohort ranged from 1 month to 14 years, with a significant male predominance (81.6%) and a higher incidence of left-sided obstruction (73.7%). The Anderson-Hynes reconstructive surgery demonstrated remarkable efficacy, achieving a high success rate of 97.4%. While some patients experienced recurrent UPJO or urinary tract infections, these complications were effectively managed. Postoperative ultrasound results consistently showed significant improvement in hydronephrosis and overall renal function, indicating successful alleviation of the obstruction. The study concludes that early detection and timely surgical intervention are paramount for achieving high treatment efficacy in pediatric UPJO. The crucial role of prenatal ultrasound in identifying cases early cannot be overstated, as it allows for proactive management and minimizes the risk of long-term kidney damage. These findings underscore the effectiveness of specialized surgical approaches in improving outcomes and preserving renal function in affected children.