Lecture Industrial safety and environemental hygiene: Chapter 2 - Dr. Tran Bich Chau

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Microclimate is the physical state of the atmosphere in the narrow space of the workplace including the factors temperature, humidity, radiant heat and speed of air transport. These factors must be guaranteed in certain limit, consistent with human physiology.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Industrial safety and environemental hygiene: Chapter 2 - Dr. Tran Bich Chau

9/26/2016 Vietnam National University – HCMC Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Faculty of Resource & Environment Chapter 2: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Lecturer: Dr. TRAN BICH CHAU Email: tbchau@hcmus.edu.vn 02/2016 OUTLINE: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 1. What is Occupational/Industrial Hygiene? 2. Four steps to create healthy working place (A.R.E.C): – Anticipation – Recognition – Evaluation – Control 3. Factors affecting to industrial hygiene: – Chemical hazards – Physical agents – Biological hazards – Ergonomic hazards 1
9/26/2016 Industrial/Occupational Hygiene? Interactions between people and the environment 2
9/26/2016 What is the diferrence between industrial hygiene and occupational hygiene ??? INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE = 0r ≠ OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE What is Industrial Hygiene? Industrial hygiene is the science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace conditions that may cause workers' injury or illness. Berenice I. Ferrari Goelzer 3
9/26/2016 What is Industrial Hygiene? Industrial hygiene : the science of protecting and enhancing the health and safety of pepeole at work and in their communities. The American Board of Inductrial Hygiene Key factors: - Employee exposure to hazards - Control for hazards to protect workers Basic principles of Industrial Hygiene 1. Anticipation of potential risks 2. Recognition of existing health hazards at the workplace 3. Evaluation of health risks 4. Contol of unacceptable risks Remember the acronym: A.R.E.C 4
9/26/2016 Steps to Review products, purchases, projects, Protect tasks, designs, Employees experiments, etc. Engineering controls, Task planning and administrative hazard analysis of controls, substitution, injury/illness, trend personal protective analysis, reported equipment concerns Inspections, exposure assessment, modeling, visual assessments, professional judgment Factors affected to industrial hygiene • Micro-climate • Chemicals • Noise • Vibration • Radiation • Light • Dust • Harmful microorganism • Ergonomic 5
9/26/2016 Factors affected to industrial hygiene • Chemical hazards • Physical hazards • Biological hazards • Ergonomic hazards Environmental Factors or Stresses • gases, vapors, Chemical dusts, fumes, hazards mists, and smoke Physical hazards: radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures 12 6
9/26/2016 Environmental Factors or Stresses Hazards 13 Chemical hazards • Dusts, fumes, gases, mists • Skin contact with oils, paints etc. 7
9/26/2016 Physical agents • Noise, • Vibration • Heat • UV Biological hazards • Legionella • Zoonoses • Anthrax Ex: Wastes from hospitals and research facilities containing disease-causing organism s that could infect site personnel 8
9/26/2016 Ergonomic hazards An ergonomic hazard is a physical factor within the environment that harms the musculoskeletal system • Manual handling • Repetitive work • Display screen equipment Factors affected to industrial hygiene • Micro-climate • Chemicals • Noise • Vibration • Radiation • Light • Dust • Harmful microorganism • Ergonomic 9
9/26/2016 What is microclimate? Meteorology: A microclimate is the distinctive climate of a small- scale area, such as a garden, park, valley or part of a city. The weather variables in a microclimate, such as temperature, rainfall, wind or humidity, may be subtly different to the condition prevailing over the area as a whole and from those that might be reasonably expected under certain types of pressure or cloud cover What is microclimate? Occupational Hygiene: Microclimate is the physical state of the atmosphere in the narrow space of the workplace including the factors temperature, humidity, radiant heat and speed of air transport. These factors must be guaranteed in certain limit, consistent with human physiology 10
9/26/2016 Classify of microclimate Microclimate of working environment can be classified into the following areas:  Cold area;  Thermally neutral microclimat, comfortalble, endurable areas;  Warm or hot areas Parameters of microclimate Four basic parametere of thermal effect:  Air temperature;  Relative humidity;  Air flow velocity ;  Thermal radiation Distinguising levels of climate sensation: Comfortable levels Endurable level Unbearable level 11
9/26/2016 Temperature: Temperature is the basic factor that acts on the metabolism and human health. Temperature may act directly or indirectly on human body Temperature always transmits from hotter to colder place by conduction, convection and radiation. Humidity: - Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. - Higher humidity reduces the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body by reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin.  Vietnam Hygiene standard (TCVS 3733:2002): relative humidiy from 75 – 85 % 12
9/26/2016 Air flow : - Flow of air into and out of a working area, ex: an office space, - It helps to dilute any contaminants by adding some fresh air - This can be provided by natural ventilation or forced ventilation Thermal radiation: Thermal radiation is energy transfer by the emission of electromagnetic waves which carry energy away from the emitting object. Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb. Infrared radiation -
9/26/2016 Relationship of temperature, humidity and work performance: The effects of microclimate factors to workers List the effects of temperature and humidity to workers? Factors Effects T0 high T0 low Humidity low Humidity high 14
9/26/2016 Improvements of microclimate conditions 1. Technical measures - Mechanization - Manufacturing automation - Ventilation - Air condition - Thermal insulation Improvements of microclimate conditions 2. Administration and Medical Measures - Set up reasonable schedules - Provide enough PPEs - Recruit/arrange suitable labors for each sector - Supply enough nutritional food - Perform periodic medical examinations 15
9/26/2016 ERGONOMICS WHAT IS ERGONOMICS”?? Ergos = work Nomos = laws Ergonomics = the laws of work ERGONOMICS What Does Ergonomics Mean?  Designing jobs, equipments, and work tasks to fit human physical characteristics and energy limitations  It considers body dimensions, mobility, and the body’s stress behaviors  “Make the work fit the person, not the person fit the work” 16
9/26/2016 Benefits of Ergonomics – safer jobs with fewer injuries – increased efficiency and productivity – improved quality and fewer errors – improved morales Ergonomic Goals  Reduce muscle and joint injuries -- and get the job done safely and quickly  Keeping young/mature bodies from being worn out prematurely/early 17
9/26/2016 1. What’s he doing wrong ? 2. What are the wrong ergonomics that people usually have?? Wrong working postures 18
9/26/2016 Wrong working postures 19
9/26/2016 GUIDELINE ABOUT WEIGHTS Factors affected to industrial hygiene • Chemical hazards • Physical hazards • Biological hazards • Ergonomic hazards 20