Ứ 1. THÌ QUÁ KH PAST TENSE
ự ệ ứ ứ ể ề ế ả Thì quá kh dùng đ nói v các s ki n x y ra trong quá kh và đã k t thúc.
ộ ừ ể ể ệ ề đ th hi n đi u này. Thêm ed vào đ ng t
ệ ạ I study at the university. (hi n t i present)
ứ I studied at the university. (quá kh past)
ề ạ ọ ữ Đi u này nghĩa là tôi không còn h c ọ ở ườ tr ng đ i h c đó n a.
JOHN
He stopped going to lectures.
ướ ụ D i đây là các ví d khác:
I work in a bank. (present)
I worked in a bank. (past)
He walks to the shops. (present)
He walked to the shops. (past)
2. PHÁT ÂM ed
ố ộ ượ ắ ọ Đuôi ed cu i đ ng t ừ ườ th ng đ c đ c thành âm ng n là d ho c ặ t.
ư ượ ớ ộ ừ ế ằ ượ /id/ Nh ng khi ed đ c thêm vào v i đ ng t k t thúc b ng âm d hayt, nó đ c phát âm là
t
I’ll pot the plants. (present)
I potted the plants. (past)
d
I’ll load the shopping in the car. (present)
I loaded the shopping in the car. (past)
ượ ộ ừ ế ụ ớ c phát âm là t khi đ ng t k t thúc v i các ph âm sau: Ed đ
s mess / messed (mest)
He messed her hair.
p sip / sipped (sipt)
She sipped her drink.
JOHN
He stopped going to lectures.
k pick / picked (pikt)
He picked his nose.
f laugh / laughed (laft)
They laughed at my jokes.
sh fish / fished (fisht)
He fished in a boat.
ượ ộ ừ ế ụ ằ Ed đ c phát âm là d khi đ ng t k t thúc b ng các ph âm sau:
b mob / mobbed (mobd)
He was mobbed by fans.
g beg / begged (begd)
I begged for mercy.
l fill / filled (fild)
I filled the tank.
z quiz / quizzed (quizd)
The police quizzed him for hours.
v love/ loved (lovd)
I loved the movie.
m hum / hummed (humd)
We hummed the tune.
n thin / thinned (thind)
I thinned out the weeds.
ANNE
Does he know what happened?
j judge/ judged (jujd)
He judged her harshly.
th smooth / smoothed (smoothd)
She smoothed her dress.
ng clang / clanged (clangd)
The bell clanged loudly.
ượ ộ ừ ế ằ c phát âm là d khi đ ng t k t thúc b ng nguyên âm: Ed cũng đ
I fry / fried
I fried an egg.
JOHN
I spoke to his professor, the head of the course he studied.
Ừ Ấ Ộ Ắ 3. Đ NG T B T QUY T C IRREGULAR VERBS
ừ ấ ượ ở ờ ộ Đ ng t ắ b t quy t c không đ c thêm ứ th i quá kh . ed vào khi
ụ ờ Ví d , th i quá kh c a ứ ủ teach là taught.
ệ ạ I teach English. (hi n t i present)
ứ I taught English. (quá kh past)
ứ ủ ờ Th i quá kh c a find là found:
JOHN
I found out something else.
ứ ủ ờ Th i quá kh c a speak là spoke:
JOHN
I spoke to his professor...
ờ ứ ủ Th i quá kh c a tell là told:
JOHN
But he told me David had left the university.
ừ ứ ấ ọ ờ ộ Hai đ ng t quan tr ng có các th i quá kh r t khác nhau.
ờ Th i quá kh c a ứ ủ go là went.
I go to school. (present)
I went to school. (past)
JOHN
I went to the University.
ờ Th i quá kh c a ứ ủ is là was, c a ủ are là were.
He is late.
He was late.
They are late.
They were late.
Ứ Ớ Ờ 4. TH I QUÁ KH V I DID & DIDN'T
ứ ể ộ ề M t cách khác đ nói v quá kh là dùng các t ừ did và didn’t.
ạ ấ ắ Did là d ng b t quy t c trong quá kh c a ứ ủ do.
I do lots of things. (present)
I did lots of things. (past)
ạ ộ ộ ớ ừ ừ Did là 1 lo i đ ng t ừ ượ đ c dùng v i các đ ng t ợ ộ khác (tr đ ng t ):
What did he say?
ượ ứ ớ ộ ể ỏ ề T ừ did đ c dùng đ h i v quá kh v i đ ng t ừ say.
ư ờ Nh ng ta không dùng th i quá kh c a ứ ủ say v i ớ did.
Ta không nói:
What did he said?
Mà nói:
What did he say?
ANNE
And what did he say?
ủ ị ể Th ph đ nh, hay trái nghĩa c a ủ did là did not
ườ Ta th ng nói và vi ế did not là didn’t t
I didn’t say anything. (past)
JOHN
He didn’t tell anyone.
ậ ờ ứ Vì v y, có hai cách hình thành th i quá kh .
ổ ộ ộ ừ M t cách là thay đ i đ ng t :
I tell you. (present)
I told you. (past)
JOHN
But he told me David had left the university.
ớ ộ ừ Cách khác là dùng did ho c ặ didn't v i đ ng t .
I did tell you. (past)
ANNE
Really! He didn’t tell me.
ớ ằ ế ầ ườ ợ ư Hãy nh r ng h u h t các tr ng h p ta dùng ỏ did nh sau trong câu h i.
When did he stop going to classes? (past)
ANNE
When did he stop?
ổ ộ ừ ả ờ ị Và thay đ i đ ng t trong câu tr l ẳ i và câu kh ng đ nh.
He stopped going to classes because he was bored. (past)
JOHN
He stopped going to lectures.
Ọ Ắ Ế 5. CÁCH NÓI/VI T NG N G N CONTRACTIONS
ế ắ ế ớ ấ Cách nói/vi ọ t ng n g n là hai t ừ ượ đ c nói/vi t v i nhau r t nhanh.
did not thành didn’t
ế ừ ặ ạ ấ ở ị ấ ỗ Khi ta vi t các t này, ta đ t chúng c nh nhau và dùng d u ' ch có âm b m t.
did not
didn’t
ư ổ ừ ầ Ta luôn rút ng ng ắ not thành n’t, nh ng đôi khi ta thay đ i cách nói t đ u tiên.
do not
don’t
JOHN
Well, I don’t know yet...
will not
won’t
ướ ế ắ ọ D i đây là các cách vi ạ t ng n g n khác trong đo n video ngày hôm nay:
wouldn’t
would not
JOHN
He wouldn’t give it to me because it was addressed to you.
I’ll
I will
ANNE
I’ll go and see him.
I’m
I am
JOHN
Well, I don’t know yet, but I’m sure I can find her.
we’re
we are
JOHN
We’re closing in Ms Lee
John tells Anne of his progress in finding her brother.
ANNE: Have you found my brother?
JOHN: Not yet. No. Not quite.
JOHN: But I have found something.
ANNE: What is it?
JOHN: I went to the University. You said he was a student. I spoke to his professor, the head of the
course he studied.
ANNE: And what did he say? Does he know what happened?
JOHN: Well, no. Not exactly. He didn’t know where your brother went. But he told me David had left the
university. He stopped going to lectures.
ANNE: When did he stop?
JOHN: Oh, about a year ago. He didn’t tell anyone. But he left a letter with the Professor.
ANNE: A letter! Have you got it? Where is it?
JOHN: The professor has it. He wouldn’t give it to me because it was addressed to you. He left… ah, his
card.
ANNE: I’ll go and see him. Thankyou.
JOHN: I found out something else.
ANNE: Yes?
JOHN: Your brother had a girlfriend.
ANNE: Really! He didn’t tell me. Who is she?
JOHN: Well, I don’t know yet, but I’m sure I can find her. We’re closing in Ms Lee. Fear not.
ANNE: Thankyou.
