Thiết bị ngoại vi và ghép nối . chương 4

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Tín hiệu: Có loại cable đơn và vi sai (chống nhiễu tốt hơn), các controller support 2 loại tín hiệu. Không nối 2 kiểu trên cùng bus. Most: SingleEnd, RS6000 differential. • SCSI Common Command Set: đ-ợc gửi từ device driver, đ-ợc dịch bởi th/bị = Adaptor không phải thay đổi khi gắn thêm thiết bị • SCSI subsystem gồm: Host adaptor (để interface giữa host system và subsystem), SCSI controller, bus, thiết bị.

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Nội dung Text: Thiết bị ngoại vi và ghép nối . chương 4

ch 4. I/O Interface bus overview Giíi thiÖu bus chuÈn cho ghÐp nèi, më réng: – ISA/ PC-104 – AT bus – USB (Universal Serial Bus) – Philips I2C – PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) – SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) – GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) – Field buses: Siemens Profibus, ASi bus, Multi Point – IEEE 1394 – ... P&I Ch4 - Bus 1 4.0. Kh¸i niÖm vÒ bus: • Lµ: PCB (Printed Circuit Board), Cable (Copper/ Optic), Slot, Connector... • Nèi nhiÒu thiÕt bÞ slave [master], dïng chung: trong 1 thêi ®iÓm chØ cã 1 talker – 1 hoÆc nhiÒu listener • Bus song song (n bit) hoÆc nèi tiÕp (I2C, USB, SSA, Profi, ASi, IEEE 1394...) • IO Buses vs Mem/CPU/Local Buses • Thµnh phÇn (physical lines/ time sharing): – Address – Data – Control/ Status/Handshake/data check – [Power supply] P&I Ch4 - Bus 2 1
4.1. industry small architecture (isa) bus: • ISA/ AT bus, 1984, IBM, PC-104 bus, Available in Pentium, PowerPC Platforms • §Ó ghÐp thªm c¸c card/ thiÕt bÞ I/O chuÈn víi Mother Board, 1..12 Slots, hiÖn t¹i c¸c m¸y cã thÓ kh«ng dïng slot • 8/ 16 bit for data transfers • 4,77 => 8,33 MHz/11.1MHz => 2.75 MWps/5.5 MWps max, DMA 16. • Only 1 BusMaster, CPU hoÆc DMAC, w AEN • No data integrity, kh«ng kiÓm tra parity, IO Check • Dïng ®Ó ghÐp víi c¸c thiÕt bÞ chËm, kiÓu ký tù: ‘character typed devices’ : keyboard, mouse... • Refer ‘AT Technical Reference’ or TechHelp for detail P&I Ch4 - Bus 3 H×nh 4.1. AT/ ISA/ PC 104 bus P&I Ch4 - Bus 4 2
Chu kỳ R/W của ISA • Tham khảo hình cuối Ch1 P&I Ch4 - Bus 5 4.2. Universal serial bus - usb: P&I Ch4 - Bus 6 3
4.2. Universal Serial Bus Rev. 4.2.1: Topology • Rev.1.1: 23/09/1998 • Chia thµnh nhiÒu Tiers • C¸c Tiers nèi c¸c thiÕt bÞ: Hub hoÆc chøc n¨ng • Mçi Tier cã Hub(s) P&I Ch4 - Bus 7 4.3. usB: specifications • ChØ cã 1 USB host (USB Controller) trong hÖ • Devices, cã 2 lo¹i: • Hub, më réng thªm thiÕt bÞ nèi vµo USB • C¸c thiÕt bÞ chøc n¨ng nh− ISDN, JoyStick, KB, Printer, Digital Camera, Mass Storage... • ThiÕt bÞ chuÈn interface USB theo: • USB Protocol • ChuÈn H® cña USB: config vµ reset • Communication Standard • USB Controller/ Host polls bus & initiates all data transfer P&I Ch4 - Bus 8 4
¦u ®iÓm: • TÝn hiÖu vi sai ph¸t/ thu, bäc kim, chèng nhiÔu • CRC Protection ®/v data & control fields • Tù ph¸t hiÖn attach/ detach, x¸c ®Þnh cÊu h×nh c¸c thiÕt bÞ tù ®éng ë møc hÖ thèng • TimeOut ®/v tr−êng hîp mÊt gãi tin/ gãi tin lçi P&I Ch4 - Bus 9 4.3. usB: Physical interface • 1.5 Mbps – Low speed mode vµ 12Mbps (Revision 1.1) • Nguån cÊp +5V, vµi metre • Power managment • Revision 2.0: 480Mb/s P&I Ch4 - Bus 10 5
P&I Ch4 - Bus 11 P&I Ch4 - Bus 12 6
P&I Ch4 - Bus 13 P&I Ch4 - Bus 14 7
P&I Ch4 - Bus 15 P&I Ch4 - Bus 16 8
P&I Ch4 - Bus 17 4.4. Philips I2C bus version 2.1. jan. 2000 • Philips, 1992 Ver. 1.0;... 1998 Ver 2.0, 2000: Ver 2.1, dïng cho c¸c hÖ thèng nhóng (embeded systems) nh− mobil phone, TV, pay phone, ATM... • Kh«ng cÇn dïng bus interface chip(s), built-in • Integrated addressing & data-transfer, cho phÐp dïng phÇn mÒm ®Ó ®Þnh cÊu h×nh • Đơn giản ghÐp nèi. NhiÒu uC hç trî I2C • §¬n gi¶n t×m lçi, khoanh vïng lçi nhanh • Gi¶m thiÓu kÝch th−íc: 2-wire serial, kh«ng cÇn c¸c m¹ch Addr Decoder vµ ‘glue logic’, dïng phÇn mÒm • TruyÒn ®ång bé, 100 kb/s Standard-mode, 400 kb/s Fast-mode, 3.4Mb/s HiSpeed-mode P&I Ch4 - Bus 18 9
P&I Ch4 - Bus 19 Cã thÓ nèi nhiÒu Masters, trong 1 t/® chØ 01 BM’s Active P&I Ch4 - Bus 20 10
H. 410a. Synchronous Serial Data & Clock P&I Ch4 - Bus 21 P&I Ch4 - Bus 22 11
Start(Rep Start, S) SCL=1, SDA= ↓ Stop (P): SCL=1, SDA= ↑ P&I Ch4 - Bus 23 P&I Ch4 - Bus 24 12
Multi byte R/W :Addr auto Inc/ Dec; Master/ Slave :Send A[ck] (=0) hoÆc /A (NACK) (=1) tïy thuéc bit tiÕp theo lµ data hay Stop P&I Ch4 - Bus 25 Mét sè vi m¹ch dïng I2C bus: • Dallas RTC 1307, 1308: 64 byte RAM & Real Time Clock, • Philips PCF 8593, Low Power Clock/ Calendar • Atmel 93C46/24C96... EEROM P&I Ch4 - Bus 26 13
4.5. PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect - 5/1993, Intel Ver. 2.0, Open standard, - Local bus, trung gian gi÷a Local vµ c¸c bus chuÈn kh¸c (ISA, MC, EISA) th«ng qua PIC Bridge/Controller. - Cã kiÓm tra parity cho Addr vµ Data - Auto configuration of all PCI devices, share the same IRQ. Disabling IRQ => cÊm toµn bé PCI devices. - No DMA, device on PCI bus lµ bus master (Tèt cho viÖc dïng MultiTasking OS). - Burst mode: 32 bit @33MHz --> 96..132MBps, tuú thuéc sè byte (tõ 32 byte ®Õn 4KB). Option 64bit @33MHz --> 264MBps, 64bit – 66MHz. - Most Platforms use:Intel, DEC Alpha, PowerPC, Spark - Modern OS: ‘Block Typed Devices’: tÇn suÊt vËn chuyÓn cao, nhanh, data block P&I Ch4 - Bus 27 4.6. Small computer systems interface - SCSI • SCSI (SCSI-1): 1990; SCSI-2: 1993 to now; UltraSCSI:... • Dïng cho Disk controller cã bé lÖnh cña nã, • Th−êng cã 1 Adaptor, kh«ng n»m trªn motherboard • Support any SCSI device: Disk, CD-ROM, tape, scanner • 5 to 40 MB/s • 7 devices max, upto 15 with SCSI-2 FastWide and UltraSCSI P&I Ch4 - Bus 28 14
P&I Ch4 - Bus 29 4.6. Small computer systems interface - SCSI • TÝn hiÖu: Cã lo¹i cable ®¬n vµ vi sai (chèng nhiÔu tèt h¬n), c¸c controller support 2 lo¹i tÝn hiÖu. Kh«ng nèi 2 kiÓu trªn cïng bus. Most: SingleEnd, RS6000 differential. • SCSI Common Command Set: ®−îc göi tõ device driver, ®−îc dÞch bëi th/bÞ => Adaptor kh«ng ph¶i thay ®æi khi g¾n thªm thiÕt bÞ • SCSI subsystem gåm: Host adaptor (®Ó interface gi÷a host system vµ subsystem), SCSI controller, bus, thiÕt bÞ. • SCSI Controller & devices: 8.. 16 devices, 1 as Controller. Thø tù −u tiªn cña c¸c thiÕt bÞ, cao nhÊt lµ 7 (Controller) 7– 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 – 0 –15 –14 – 13 – 12 – 11 – 10 – 9 – 8 • 8 data bit => 1 parity bit. K/tra Data: ECC, ®Þa chØ CRC @ mçi sector P&I Ch4 - Bus 30 15
4.7. siemens process & field bus – profi bus • Giíi thiÖu: M«i trg c«ng nghiÖp, • chuÈn EN 50170-1-2 • KÕt nèi nh÷ng thiÕt bÞ vµo ra ph©n t¸n, th«ng minh (PLCs, Motor drivers, ), 1 trong nh÷ng layers cña m¹ng CN: SINEC-L2 • Bao gåm c¸c giao thøc: • PROFIBUS DP (Distributed I/O):trao ®æi sl víi c¸c slaves qui m« nhá, ®Þnh kú, tèc ®é cao • Profibus PA: Process Automation: IEC 61158-2: m«i tr−êng kh¾c nghiÖt. Sè liÖu vµ power chung line (PLC), 31.25 kbps P&I Ch4 - Bus 31 • PROFIBUS FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification): – KÕt nèi PC víi c¸c thiÕt bÞ tù ®éng cña Siemens: S7/M7/C7 Families kiÓu cell – Sè liÖu cã cÊu tróc, kh«ng phô thuéc vµo ®−êng truyÒn. •PROFIBUS FDL (Fieldbus Data Link): t−¬ng thÝch víi c¸c m¹ng con • Spec.: – Token bus: cho nhiÒu masters (active nodes) – Master - Slaves – >1km (RS-485) vµ 9.6km (Optical Fiber) – M∙ hãa Manchester II ®é tin cËy vµ chèng nhiÔu tèt P&I Ch4 - Bus 32 16
H×nh 4.15. M¹ng Profibus P&I Ch4 - Bus 33 4.8. General purpose interface bus - GPIB • As known IEEE 488; HPIB (Hewlette-Parkard Interface Bus), IEC 625 bus • §−îc thiÕt kÕ ®Ó kÕt nèi m¹ng m¸y tÝnh víi c¸c thiÕt bÞ ngo¹i vi, ®o l−êng - kiÓm nghiÖm, lab... kiÓu Program- mable Instrumentation • 14 devices cã thÓ nèi vµo GPIB, ...1MB/s, couple meters • 24 pin connector: 16 lines: 8 data (DIO1..8), 1 command ATN; 3 handshake (DAV, NRFD, NDAC), 5 management (®Ó ®iÒu khiÓn viÖc dïng bus), remainders: Twisted/ Logic Gnd, Shield • Computer as Controller; c¸c thiÕt bÞ kh¸c lµ Talkers/ Listeners. Trg 1 t/®: 1 device - Talker, Others - Listeners • §Ó nèi m¹ng:GPIB Card,cable,connector(H×nh 4- 16/17/18) P&I Ch4 - Bus 34 17
H×nh 4.16. Mét sè PC's GPIB interface cards P&I Ch4 - Bus 35 H×nh 4.17. GPIB connector & signals P&I Ch4 - Bus 36 18
H×nh 4.18. IEEE-488 Instrumentation & connector P&I Ch4 - Bus 37 4.9. IEEE 1394, Fire-wire • IEEE 1394 serial bus, 1997, by Apple & TI, thay thÕ SCSI • Upto 63 nodes (devices) connect to a PC, hot plugible • High speed: 60 to 400 Mb/s (7.5 to 50 MB/s) • Cable: 6 wire (2- power carier lines 8..40Vdc/ 1.5A), 15'. • Daisy chain extending to over 200' • P1394 - PCI bus Audio, Video devices, CD, disk, printer... • Tree topology: 63...64k nodes (bridge across buses) • Addressing single node, broadcasting all nodes, config time < 400 us • More than one PC can be connected to P1394 bus P&I Ch4 - Bus 38 19
H×nh 4.19. S¬ ®å ghÐp nèi c¸c ngo¹i vi qua IEEE 1394 bus P&I Ch4 - Bus 39 bµi tËp - bµi tËp lín ch−¬ng 4 LËp nhãm nghiªn cøu 1 lo¹i bus ®Ó thiÕt kÕ ghÐp nèi hÖ thèng (kÕt hîp víi c¸c ch−¬ng sau) • NhiÒu thiÕt bÞ ngo¹i vi/ ®o l−êng/ thu thËp sè liÖu/ gi¸m s¸t/ ®iÒu khiÓn, • Tèc ®é, • Kho¶ng c¸ch, • Giao thøc/ ®èi tho¹i thÝch hîp. P&I Ch4 - Bus 40 20