Tiếng Nhật cơ bản cho người bắt đầu_03

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Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc すずき : アメリカのえいががあります。メアリーさんもきます。 There's an American movie. Mary's coming, too. ミラー : じゃあ、そのあとれきしをべんきょうしましょう。 Okay, after that we can study some history. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) がっこう school ごろ about, around はやい early はじまります begin, start じ o'clock はん half past テレビ television, TV えいが movie れきし history Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. あしたがっこうへいきますか。 The first sentence means Are you going to school tomorrow? The "へ" (pronounced e) following a noun indicates direction to a place. Examples: こんどのしゅうまつとうきょうへきます。 (I am going to Tokyo this weekend.) きょうメアリーのいえへいきます。 (Today, I am going to Mary's house.) 2. なんじにいきますか。 This sentence means What time are you going? "なんじ" is a compound word meaning what time. "に" following time means at, referring to a moment in time. Verbatim, At what time? However, this is often deleted when translated into English. Examples: えいがはなんじにはじまりますか。 (What time does the movie start?) 24
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc 3. ８じごろです。 This sentence means About nine o'clock. "ごろ" following time refers to around or about so and so time. Examples: わたしは９じごろがっこうへいきます。 (I am going to school around nine o'clock.) 4. ８じはんです。 This sentence means At eight thirty. "はん" literally means half, so following a time, it means half past (time) or (time) thirty Examples: A: えいがはなんじにはじまりますか。 (A: What time does the movie start?) B: ６じはんです。 (B: At six thirty.) 5. でもクラスのまえにともだちとあいますから。 This sentence means But before class, I'm going to meet a friend. "と" following a noun is a particle meaning with. The particle "から" means because, indicating reason. Examples: べんきょうしますから、いそがしいです。 (I am busy because I am studying.) いそがしいですから、いきません。 (I am not going because I am busy.) 6. じゃあ、そのあとうちへきませんか。 This sentence means Then, won't you come over to my house? "Kimasen ka" implies won't you come, Let's come, or why don't you come, inviting someone to come. Examples: あしたがっこうへいきませんか。 (Won't you [Let's] go to school tomorrow.) テレビをいっしょにみませんか。 (Why don't we [Let's] watch TV together.) 7. テレビをいっしょにみましょう。 This sentence means Let's watch TV together. "を" following a noun makes a noun a direct object. In this sentence, TV is the direct object. "~しょう" following a verb stem makes a sentence into a suggestion, eqivalent to the English Let's. Examples: こんどのしゅうまつけいざいをべんきょうします (I am going to study economics this weekend.) テレビをいっしょにみませんか。 (Why don't we [Shall we] watch TV together.) 25
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc カメラをかいましょう。 (Let's buy a camera.) にほんごをべんきょうしましょう。 (Let's study Japanese.) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. あしたがっこう ( ) いきますか。 2. あしたどこ ( ) いきますか。 3. クラスはなんじ ( ) はじまりますか。 4. だれ ( ) あいますか。 5. ともだち ( ) あいます。 B. Answer the following questions according the question given. 1. あしたどこへいきますか。 (クラス) 2. クラスはなんじにはじまりますか。 (9 じ) 3. あしただれとあいますか。 (ともだち) 4. きょうなにがありますか。 (えいが) Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 8 - Kyoto Trip (きょうとへ) Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller discuss what they did during the weekend. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. Get the Romaji for this lesson. 26
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc すずき : しゅうまつどこかいきましたか。 Did you go somewhere this weekend? ミラー : ええ、きょうとにいきました。 Yes, I went to Kyoto. すずき : そうですか。どうでしたか。 Is that so? How was it? ミラー : たのしかったです。 It was fun. すずき : なにをみましたか。 What did you see? ミラー : ふるいてらをたくさんみました。 I saw a lot of old temples. ミラー : すずきさんはどこかへいきましたか。 Did you go somewhere, Mr. Suzuki? すずき : いいえ、どこへもいきませんでした。でも、デパートへいきました。 No, I did not go anywhere. But I went to the department store. ミラー : なにかかいましたか。 Did you buy something? すずき : ＣＤをかいました。 I bought a CD. ミラー : おんがくがすきですか。 Do you like music? すずき : ええ、だいすきです。 Yes, I like it very much. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) 27
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc きょうと Kyoto どう How たのしい fun ふるい old てら temple たくさん many, a lot デパート department store おんがく music すきです to like だいすきです to like very much Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. しゅうまつどこかいきましたか。 This sentence means Did you go anywhere this weekend? The particle か attached the interrogative どこ (where) is translated as somewhere or anywhere. 2. どうでしたか。 This sentence means How was it? でした is the past tense of です (to be) . The sentence in the present tense would be どうですか。 (How is it?). 3. たのしかったです。 The sentence is translated as It was fun. たのしかったです is the past tense of たのしい. かった added to the stem of an i-adjective makes the adjective into the past tense as shown in the table below. Present Affirmative Past Affirmative fun たのしいたのしかった busy いそがしいいそがしかった hot あついあつかった cold さむいさむかった early はやいはやかった 4. すずきさはどこかへいきましたか。 28
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc The sentence means Did you go somehere, Mr. Suzuki? This sentence is the same in grammar construction as grammar point # 1 (しゅうまつどこかいきました) except へ follows どこか. へ is simply added for emphasis. Examples: このしゅうまつどこかへいきましょう。 (Let's go somewhere this weekend.) 5. いいえ、どこへもいきませんでした。 The sentence means No, I did not go anywhere . The particle へも following どこ(where) in a negative response means anywhere. Examples: こんどのしゅうまつべんきょうしますから、どこへもいきません。 (Because I am going to study this weekend, I am not going anywhere.) 6. なにかかいましたか。 This sentence means Did you buy something? The particle か following the interrogative なに makes the word mean something or anything. Examples: テレビでなにかみませんか。 (Why don't we watch something on TV?) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. あしたどこ ( ) いきますか。 (Are you going somewhere tomorrow?) 2. なに ( ) みましたか。 (What did you see?) 3. なに ( ) みましたか。 (Did you see something?) 4. どこ ( ) いきましたか。 (Where did you go?) 5. どこ ( ) いきましたか。 (Did you go somewhere?) B. Rewrite the following with past tense. 1. たのしいです。 2. おんがくがすきです。 3. あのてらはふるいです。 4. きょうはあついです。 Click here to check the answers!! 29
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 9 - Going to a Restaurant (レストランにいくこと) Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller are going to a restaurant. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. Get the Romaji for this lesson. すずき : のどがかわきましたね。 Aren't you thirsty? ミラー : そうですね。なにかのみましょう。 Yes, I am. Shall we get something to drink? すずき : はい、あのレストランはどうですか。 Yes. How about that restaurant? ミラー : いいですね。はいりましょう。 That's fine. Let's go in. すずき : きれいなレストランですね。 It's a beautiful restaurant, isn't it? ミラー : なにがいいでしょうね。 I wonder what's good. すずき : いろいろありますね。 There are lots of things, aren't there?(There's a lot to choose from,isn't there?) 30
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc ウェイター : いらっしゃいませ。ごちゅうもんは。 Welcome. May I take your order please? すずき : わたしはオレンジジュースとケーキをください。 I'd like an orange juice and a cake please. ミラー : わたしはコーラをください。それからおなかがすきますので、サンドイッチもください。 I'd like a cola please. Then, since I am hungry, I'll have a sandwich. ウェイター : はい、すぐおもちします。 Yes, I'll bring them immediately. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) のど throat かわきます to dry のみます to drink はいります to enter きれい pretty, beautiful いろいろ a lot, many, a variety いらっしゃいませ welcome ちゅうもん order オレンジジュース orange juice ケーキ cake コーラ cola それから then, afterwards, after that おなか stomach すきます to be empty サンドイッチ sandwich おもちします to bring, to carry (humble form) Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 31
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc 1. のどがかわきましたね。 This sentence means Aren't you thirsty? Literally translated, it means Our throat has dried, is that so. が is a subject particle used when introducing a new topic, especially when the subject refers to the parts of the body such as eye, nose, ear, etc. 2. きれいなレストランですね。 This sentence means It's a beautiful restaurant, isn't it. There are two main types of adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectives (i.e. adjectives that end in い) and na-adjectives (adjectives that end in な. With i-adjectives in the present tense, the i always remains attached to the adjective whether the adjective is standing alone or modifying a noun. With na-adjectives in the present tense, the na part is only used when modifying a noun. Up to now, the only other na-adjective we have learned is げんき (genki). 3. ごちゅうもんは。 This sentence has been translated as May I take your order please? The prefix ご before certain nouns changes the noun into a formal (polite) form. お is also used as a prefix for applying the formal form to nouns. Examples of お prefixes include: おなまえ (name), おしごと (job), おてんき (weather), and おたんじょうび (birthday). Generally, ご is used with words of Chinese origin and お is used with words of Japanese origin. 4. わたしはオレンジジュースとケーキをください。 The sentence means I'd like an orange juice and a cake please. をください is a polite expression used when making requests, especially in restaurants or stores. It can also be translated as May I have or please bring me. 5. はい、すぐおもちします。 This sentence is translated as Yes, I'll bring them immediately. おもちします is the humble (polite) form of もちます (to bring, to carry). With some Japanese verbs, the humble form is constructed by placing the prefix お to the front of the verb, truncating the ます, and adding します to the end of the verb. Literally, おもちします means to humbly bring. Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s 32
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc LESSON 10 - Days of the Month (ひにち) Mr. Miller and Mr. Suzuki are talking about the date. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. Get the Romaji for this lesson. ミラー : きょうはなんにちですか。 What day is it today? すずき : きょうはしがつついたちです。 Today is April 1st. ミラー : こんどのどようびはいつかですね。 This coming Saturday is the 5th, isn't it? すずき : はい、そうです。どうしてですか。 Yes, it is. How come? ミラー : ともだちがアメリカからきます。 A friend is coming from America. すずき : そうですか。なんにちぐらいにほんにいますか。 Is that so? About how long is he staying? ミラー : にしゅうかんです。 For two weeks. すずき : ミラーさんはもうどのぐらいにほんにいますか。 Mr. Miller, how much longer will you be in Japan? ミラー : ６かげつです。 Six months. すずき : にほんはどうですか。 How is Japan? 33
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc ミラー : たのしいです。 It is fun. すずき : にほんごがじょうずになりましたね。 Your Japanese has gotten really good. ミラー : いいえ、でももっとれんしゅうしたいです。 Not at all, but I still want to practice more. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) なんにち what day にち day どようび Saturday もう still どのぐらい about how much, about how many じょうず skillful, good at もっと more Days of the Week げつようび Monday 月曜日かようび Tuesday 火曜日すいようび Wednesday 水曜日もくようび Thursday 木曜日きんようび Friday 金曜日どようび Saturday 土曜日にちようび Sunday 日曜日 Dates of the Month Note: most dates are just the number plus にち. Following are the exceptions! ついたち first 一日ふつか second 二日みっか third 三日よっか fourth 四日いつか fifth 五日むいか sixth 六日 34
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc なのか seventh 七日ようか eighth 八日ここのか ninth 九日とうか tenth 十日じゅうよっか fourteenth 十四日はつか twentieth 二十日 Months of the Year いちがつ January １月にがつ February ２月さんがつ March ３月しがつ April ４月ごがつ May ５月ろくがつ June ６月しちがつ July ７月はちがつ August ８月くがつ September ９月じゅうがつ October １０月じゅういちがつ November １１月じゅうにがつ December １２月 Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. There are three main verbs of existence in Japanese: です、います、あります. These are all forms of the verb to be. です is the all- encompassing verb to be, which can be conjugated similar to English (I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are) taking both animate and inamimate nouns as well as adjectives. ～います and ～あります both mean There is ～ or There are～, however, the subjects in sentences using these verbs are restricted. います (which can also be translated as I am, They are, etc.) refers to humans or animals whereas あります refers to inanimate objects. In many cases, the verb あります can also mean to have. Examples of です : わたしはアメリカじんです。 (I am an American.) きょうはなんにちですか。 (What day is it today?) あついですね。 (It's hot, isn't it?) これはほんです。 (This is a book.) 35
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc あなたはいいがくせいです。 (You are a good student.) にほんはどうですか。 (How is Japan?) Examples of います : わたしはいまがっこうにいます。 (I am at school now.) にほんにアメリカじんがたくさんいます。 (There are a lot of Americans in Japan.) いもうとさんはいえにいますか。 (Is your sister at home?) いぬはいすのうえにいます。 (The dog is on top of the chair.) なんにちぐらいにほんにいますか。 (About how long will you be in Japan?) Examples of あります : きょうとにふるいてらがたくさんあります。 (There are a lot of temples in Kyoto.) ぺんがありますか。 (Do you have a pen?) こんどのげつようびにしけんがあります。 (I have a test this coming Monday.) 2. にほんごがじょうずになりましたね。 This sentence means Your Japanese has gotten really good. In this sentence, the key verb is なります which means to become and is a very common verb used in Japan. 3. でも、もっとれんしゅうしたいです。 This sentence has been translated as I want to practice more. れんしゅうしたいです means I want to practice. ～ verb + たいです means (I) want to do ～. Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 11 - The Newstand (ばいてん) Mr. Miller is going to buy a newspaper. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. 36