Abbreviations

The present paper describes a robust approach for abbreviating terms. First, in order to incorporate non-local information into abbreviation generation tasks, we present both implicit and explicit solutions: the latent variable model, or alternatively, the label encoding approach with global information. Although the two approaches compete with one another, we demonstrate that these approaches are also complementary. By combining these two approaches, experiments revealed that the proposed abbreviation generator achieved the best results for both the Chinese and English languages. ...

9p hongphan_1 14-04-2013 32 3   Download

Chinese abbreviations are widely used in modern Chinese texts. Compared with English abbreviations (which are mostly acronyms and truncations), the formation of Chinese abbreviations is much more complex. Due to the richness of Chinese abbreviations, many of them may not appear in available parallel corpora, in which case current machine translation systems simply treat them as unknown words and leave them untranslated.

9p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 32 1   Download

A process that attempts to solve abbreviation ambiguity is presented. Various contextrelated features and statistical features have been explored. Almost all features are domain independent and language independent. The application domain is Jewish Law documents written in Hebrew. Such documents are known to be rich in ambiguous abbreviations. Various implementations of the one sense per discourse hypothesis are used, improving the features with new variants. An accuracy of 96.09% has been achieved by SVM. ...

4p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 35 1   Download

Numerous abbreviations are used routinely throughout such texts and identifying their meaning is critical to understanding of the document. The problem is that abbreviations are highly ambiguous with respect to their meaning. For example, according to UMLS2 (2001), RA may stand for “rheumatoid arthritis”, “renal artery”, “right atrium”, “right atrial”, “refractory anemia”, “radioactive”, “right arm”, “rheumatic arthritis,” etc. Liu et al. (2001) show that 33% of abbreviations listed in UMLS are ambiguous. ...

8p bunmoc_1 20-04-2013 29 1   Download

Its results can lay the basis for determining the full form of each correctly identified abbreviation and then enhance the readability of the records.

17p mat_vang1 14-01-2019 4 0   Download

Some content in the List of vocabulary for level A1 such as: abbreviations; a verb that has two objects; countable noun: a noun that has both singular and plural forms; countable noun which usually has no plural or uncountable noun; intransitive verb: a verb that has no object; transitive verb: a verb that has an object; uncountable noun: noun with no plural form; British English; American English; abbreviation a short form of a word or phrase; a short form of a word or phrase only used in writing; used in connection with a particular area of work or study.

278p cao_duy_son 06-08-2019 53 5   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài:Oral Ezatiostat HCl (TLK199) and Myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report of sustained hematologic response following an abbreviated exposure

3p toshiba24 06-12-2011 40 3   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí hóa học quốc tế đề tài : Validation of an abbreviated Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) among patients on antihypertensive medications

10p panasonic07 04-01-2012 30 3   Download

(BQ) Part 1 of the document Oxford handbook of neurology presents the following contents: Symbols and abbreviations, neurological history and examination, neuroanatomy, neurological emergencies, common clinical presentations, neurological disorders.

423p thangnamvoiva2 25-06-2016 31 3   Download

Tham khảo tài liệu 'acronym and abbreviation expansion guide', công nghệ thông tin phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả

7p thuxuan 07-08-2009 68 2   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học quốc tế cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Assessment of the effects and limitations of the 1998 to 2008 Abbreviated Injury Scale map using a large

10p toshiba18 31-10-2011 72 2   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học quốc tế cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: "Development and validation of a complementary map to enhance the existing 1998 to 2008 Abbreviated Injury Scale map

13p toshiba18 31-10-2011 35 2   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Screening for personality disorder with the Standardised Assessment of Personality: Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): further evidence of concurrent validity

6p thulanh29 18-12-2011 26 2   Download

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Medical English presents the following contents: Some of the most frequent mistakes made by doctors speaking in English, acronyms and abbreviations, latin and greek terminology, the clinical history, conversation survival guide.

105p thangnamvoiva2 25-06-2016 17 1   Download

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Netter's concise radiologic anatomy presents the following contents: Abdomen, pelvis and perineum, upper limb, lower limb, glossary and abbreviations. Invite you to consult.

255p thangnamvoiva2 25-06-2016 28 1   Download

400 new tests to boost your brainpower. IQ, or IQ (intelligence quotient abbreviation in English), is a concept that the British scientist Francis Galton introduced in hereditary Genius book published in the late 19th century. After that, it was his pupil is J.Cattell and French psychologist Alfred Binet who developed the workshop with the quiz to test your mental capacity for school children.

193p protable 24-02-2010 1266 1006   Download

Formal Letter Writing How to Write Formal Letters Help with formal and business letter writing. A summary of writing rules including outlines for cover letters and letters of enquiry, and abbreviations used in letters.

4p longxuyzel3001 03-03-2010 550 330   Download

A.O.B. abbr. used at the end of the list of subjects to be discussed at a meeting or conference AOL abbr. American corporation headquartered in Virginia, owner and operator of on line and interactive computer services Forms: any other business Forms: America Online ASAP4. a.m. ASAP abbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast a.m. abbr. morning; time before noon; hours between midnight and noon Forms: as soon as possible (asap, a.s.a.p., A.S.A.P.) Forms: ante meridiem (am, A.M, AM) abbreviation6. abide abbreviation n. shortened form of a word or word combination abide v.

225p namnammai 20-08-2012 452 235   Download

What is VHDL? VHDL is the VHSIC Hardware Description Language. VHSIC is an abbreviation for Very High Speed Integrated Circuit. It can describe the behavior and structure of electronic systems, but is particularly suited as a language to describe the structure and behavior of digital electronic hardware designs, such as ASICs and FPGAs as well as conventional digital circuits. VHDL is a notation, and is precisely and completely defined by the Language Reference Manual (LRM).

324p vankiemet 23-08-2010 240 110   Download

Letter of Credit is abbreviated as an LC or L/C, and often is referred to as a documentary credit, abbreviated as DC or D/C, documentary letter of credit, or simply as credit (as in the UCP 500 and UCP 600).

5p Ngocbui 24-04-2009 373 93   Download