Anaplerotic reactions

The glycolytic pathway converts glucose to pyruvate and produces two molecules of ATP per glucose only a small fraction of the potential energy available from glucose. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to lactate in animals and to ethanol in yeast, and much of the potential energy of the glucose molecule remains untapped. In the presence of oxygen, however, a much more interesting and thermodynamically complete story unfolds.

56p tangtuy15 30-06-2016 26 4   Download

Modelling of the fluxes in central metabolism can be performed by combining labelling experiments with metabolite balancing. Using this approach, multiple samples from a cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in metabolic and isotopic steady state were analysed, and the metabolic fluxes in central metabolism were estimated. In the various samples, the estimates of the central metabolic pathways, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the anaplerotic pathway, showed an unprecedented reproducibility....

6p system191 01-06-2013 37 1   Download

The increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms over 60 years ago was implicated in the development of diseases and aging (Harman, 1956; 1983). This book is a collective scientific monograph presenting several important aspects related to ROS role in human and animal pathologies. In 1985, German scientist Helmut Sies first denoted oxidative stress concept, which immediately attracted attention of researchers in diverse basic fields. Several discoveries substantially stimulated the interest to ROS as ones related to many diseases.

624p thienbinh1311 13-12-2012 110 5   Download

Early metabolic steps, including glycolysis and the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, yield a two-carbon fragment called an acetyl group, which is linked to a large cofactor known as coenzyme A (or CoA). It is during the citric acid cycle that acetyl-CoA is oxidized to the waste product, carbon dioxide, along with the reduction of the cofactors NAD+ and ubiquinone

94p zingzing09 21-10-2012 56 7   Download