Breast lesions

Shear wave elastography can evaluate tissue stiffness. Previous studies showed that the elasticity characteristics of breast lesions were related to the components of extracellular matrix which was regulated by transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) directly or indirectly.

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An abundant oxidative lesion, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), often directs the misincorporation of dAMP during replication. To prevent muta-tions, cells possess an enzymatic system for the removal of 8-oxoG. A key element of this system is 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg in bacteria, OGG1 in eukaryotes), which must excise 8-oxoG from 8-oxoG:C pairs but not from 8-oxoG:A.

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Down-regulation of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) expression in breast cancer patients: a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions...

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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Surgical outcomes of borderline breast lesions detected by needle biopsy in a breast screening program

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Table 87-5 Hereditable (Autosomal Dominant) Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes Syndrom e Distribu Histolo nant Malig Associated Lesions tion of Polyps gic Type Potential Familial adenomatous polyposis Large intestine a Adenom on Comm None Gardner's Large Adenom Comm Osteomas, syndrome and intestines small a on fibromas, lipomas, epidermoid cysts, ampullary cancers, congenital hypertrophy retinal of pigment epithelium Turcot's syndrome Large intestine a Adenom on Comm tumors Brain Nonpoly Large Adenom on Comm al Endometri and ovarian posis syndrome int...

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Noninvasive Breast Cancer Breast cancer develops as a series of molecular changes in the epithelial cells that lead to ever more malignant behavior. Increased use of mammography has led to more frequent diagnosis of noninvasive breast cancer. These lesions fall into two groups: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (lobular neoplasia). The management of both entities is controversial. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Proliferation of cytologically malignant breast epithelial cells within the ducts is termed DCIS.

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If a nonpalpable mammographic lesion has a low index of suspicion, mammographic follow-up in 3–6 months is reasonable. Workup of indeterminate and suspicious lesions has been rendered more complex by the advent of stereotactic biopsies. Morrow and colleagues have suggested that these procedures are indicated for lesions that require biopsy but are likely to be benign—that is, for cases in which the procedure probably will eliminate additional surgery. When a lesion is more probably malignant, open biopsy should be performed with a needle localization technique.

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Neoplasms (See also Chap. 374) Back pain is the most common neurologic symptom in patients with systemic cancer and may be the presenting symptom. The cause is usually vertebral metastases. Metastatic carcinoma (breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas frequently involve the spine. Cancer-related back pain tends to be constant, dull, unrelieved by rest, and worse at night. By contrast, mechanical low back pain usually improves with rest.

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