Cell cycle

Polymerase Chain Reaction is widely held as one of the most important inventions of the 20th century in molecular biology. Small amounts of the genetic material can now be amplified to be able to a identify, manipulate DNA, detect infectious organisms, including the viruses that cause AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, detect genetic variations, including mutations, in human genes and numerous other tasks.

62p zingzing09 24-04-2013 55 6   Download

The primary objectives of this study were to: Investigate the fouling potential, and characterise the organic components of the membrane foulant layers, of clarified activated sludge and lagoon effluent obtained from the WTP; Investigate the fouling propensities of EOM and AOM derived from a blue-green algal culture as it passed through the growth cycle, ie., for which the cells had not been subject to physical disruption; Determine any difference in the fouling propensity of EOM and AOM and relate it to organic composition.

99p runthenight07 01-03-2023 3 3   Download

A new electromechanical press for fuel pellet manufacturing was built last year in partnership between CEA-Marcoule and ChampalleAlcen. This press was developed to shape pellets in a hot cell via remote handling. It has been qualified to show its robustness and to optimize the compaction cycle, thus obtaining a better sintered pellet profile and limiting damage.

9p christabelhuynh 30-05-2020 14 0   Download

In this paper the applicability of breed-and-burn to molten salt reactors is investigated first on a cell level using a modified neutron excess method. Several candidate fuel salts are selected and their performance in a conceptual three-dimensional reactor is investigated.

10p christabelhuynh 29-05-2020 6 0   Download

This chapter provides knowledge of cell cycle. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the key events of each phase, describe the process of DNA replication.

9p tangtuy07 02-04-2016 33 2   Download

Bài giảng Chương 2: Bộ NST người và các kiểu đột biến NST trình bày về SS hữu tính và ổn định bộ NST; hình thái học NST eukaryote; tâm động và các kiểu NST; telomere; các kiểu băng NST; chu kỳ tế bào (cell cycle); giảm phân (meiosis); sự phát sinh giao tử;...Mời bạn đọc cùng tham khảo.

17p conchimnon32 26-06-2014 149 10   Download

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein R (HIV-1 Vpr) promotes nuclear entry of viral nucleic acids in nondividing cells, causes G2 cell cycle arrest and is involved in cellular differentiation and cell death. Vpr subcellular localization is as variable as its functions. It is known, that consistent with its role in nuclear transport, Vpr localizes to the nuclear envelope of human cells. Further, a reported ion channel activity of Vpr is clearly dependent on its localization in or at membranes.

6p system191 01-06-2013 36 4   Download

Modelling of the fluxes in central metabolism can be performed by combining labelling experiments with metabolite balancing. Using this approach, multiple samples from a cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in metabolic and isotopic steady state were analysed, and the metabolic fluxes in central metabolism were estimated. In the various samples, the estimates of the central metabolic pathways, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the anaplerotic pathway, showed an unprecedented reproducibility....

6p system191 01-06-2013 43 2   Download

The p25rum1 is an inhibitor of Cdc2 kinase expressed in fission yeast and plays an important role in cell-cycle control. As its amino-acid sequence suggests that p25rum1 has putative phosphorylation sites for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), we investigated the ability of MAPK to phosphorylate p25rum1. Direct in vitro kinase assay using GST-fusion proteins of wild-type as well as various mutants of p25rum1 demonstrated that MAPK phosphorylates the N-terminal portion of p25rum1 and residues Thr13 and Ser19 are major phosphorylation sites for MAPK....

11p research12 01-06-2013 46 4   Download

Conventional and saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR and ST EPR) was used to study the orientation of probe molecules in muscle fibers in different intermediate states of the ATP hydrolysis cycle. A separate procedure was used to obtain ST EPR spectra with precise phase settings even in the case of samples with low spectral intensity. Fibers prepared from rabbit psoas muscle were labeled with isothiocyanate spin labels at the reactive thiol sites of the catalytic domain of myosin....

10p research12 01-06-2013 39 6   Download

The naturally synchronous plasmodia of myxomycetes synthesize poly(b-L-malic acid), which carries out cell-specific functions. In Physarum polycephalum, poly(b-L-malate) [the salt form of poly(b-L-malic acid)] is highly concentrated in the nuclei, repressing DNA synthetic activity of DNA polymerases by the formation of reversible complexes. To test whether this inhibitory activity is cell-cycle-dependent, purified DNA polymerase a of P.

6p research12 01-06-2013 62 3   Download

During the last decade several novel yeast genes encoding proteins related to the PPP family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases have been discovered and their functional characterization initiated. Most of these novel phosphatases display intriguing structural features and/or are involved in a number of important functions, such as cell cycle regulation, protein synthesis and maintenance of cellular integrity. While in some cases these genes appear to be restricted to fungi, in others similar proteins can be found in higher eukaryotes. ...

6p research12 01-06-2013 28 3   Download

The human replication protein Cdc6p is translocated from its chromatin sites to the cytoplasm during the replication phase (S phase) of the cell cycle. However, the amounts of Cdc6p on chromatin remain high during S phase implying either that displaced Cdc6p can rebind to chromatin, or that Cdc6p is synthesized de novo. We have performed metabolic labeling experiments and determined that [35S]methionine is incorporated into Cdc6p at similar rates during the G1 phase and the S phase of the cell cycle. Newly synthesized Cdc6p associates with chromatin....

7p research12 01-06-2013 41 3   Download

Orexin A and B (also known as hypocretins), two recently discovered neuropeptides, play an important role in food intake, sleep/wake cycle and neuroendocrine functions. Orexins are endogenous ligands of two G-protein-coupled receptors, termed OX1 and OX2. This work presents the first short orexin A and B analogues, orexin A 23–33 and orexin B 18–28, with high affinity (119 ± 49 and 49 ± 23 nM) for OX1 receptors expressed on SK-N-MC cells and indicates the importance of the C-terminal part of the orexin peptides for this ligand–receptor interaction.

8p research12 01-06-2013 35 5   Download

The eukaryotic glyoxylate cycle has been previously hypothesized to occur in the peroxisomal compartment, which in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae additionally represents the sole site for fatty acid b-oxidation. The subcellular location of the key glyoxylate-cycle enzyme malate synthase 1 (Mls1p), an SKL-terminated protein, was examined in yeast cells grown on di€erent carbon sources.

8p research12 01-06-2013 42 4   Download

Emerin is a ubiquitously expressed inner nuclear membrane protein of unknown function. Mutations in its gene give rise to X-linked Emery–Drei-fuss muscular dystrophy (X-EDMD), a neuromuscular condition with an associated life-threatening cardiomyopathy. We have previously reported that emerin is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner in human lymphoblastoid cell lines [Ellis et al. (1998) Aberrant intracellular targeting and cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of emerin contribute to the EDMD phenotype.J. Cell Sci. 111, 781–792]. ...

14p research12 29-04-2013 41 4   Download

It has previouslybeen shown that IFN-ais apotent inhibitor of IL-2 induced proliferation in primary T-lymphocytes, by selectively abrogating the downstream e€ects of IL-2 on the core cell cycle machinery regulating the G1/S transition. Theoretically this could be mediated through cross-talk between the signalling cascades activated by these cytokines, as several signalling components are known to be shared.

9p research12 29-04-2013 44 4   Download

Baculoviruses are well known for their large, circular, dou-ble-stranded DNA genomes. The type member, AcMNPV, is the best characterized andundergoes a successionof early, late and very late gene expression during its infection cycle. The viral genes involved inDNAreplicationhave previously been identified and their products are required for the acti-vation of late gene expression.

8p tumor12 22-04-2013 51 3   Download

The pathway of the oxidation of propionate to pyruvate in Escherichia coliinvolves five enzymes, only two of which, methylcitrate synthase and 2-methylisocitrate lyase, have been thoroughly characterized. Here we report that the isomerization of (2S,3S)-methylcitrate to (2R,3S)-2-methyl-isocitrate requires anovel enzyme,methylcitratedehydratase (PrpD), and the well-known enzyme, aconitase (AcnB), of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

11p tumor12 22-04-2013 47 3   Download

Minichromosomemaintenance (MCM) proteins are part of the replication licensing factor (RLF-M), which limits the initiationofDNAreplication to once per cell cycle.We have previously reported that higher order complexes of mam-malian pol II and general pol II transcription factors, referred to as pol II holoenzyme, also contain MCM pro-teins. In the present study we have analyzed in detail the interaction between MCM2 and pol II holoenzyme. N- and C- terminal deletions were introduced into epitope-tagged MCM2 and the truncated proteins were transiently expressed in 293 cells. ...

11p tumor12 22-04-2013 39 3   Download