Cell injury

The C-terminus of thea-chain of tubulin is subject to reversible incorporationof tyrosineby tubulin tyrosine ligase and removal by tubulin carboxypeptidase. Thus, microtu-bules rich in either tyrosinated or detyrosinated tubulin can coexist in the cell. Substitution of the terminal tyrosine by 3-nitrotyrosine has been claimed to cause microtubule dys-function and consequent injury of epithelial lung carcinoma A549 cells. Nitrotyrosine is formed in cells by nitration of tyrosine by nitric oxide-derived species....

9p tumor12 22-04-2013 31 2   Download

Intravenous iron, used for the treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure andother diseases, represents a possible source of free iron in tissue cells, particularly in the liver. In this study we examined the effect of different sources of intravenous iron (IVI) on the labile iron pool (LIP) which represents the nonferritin-bound, redox-active iron that is implicated in oxidative stress and cell injury. Furthermore, we examined the role of the LIP for the synthesis of ferritin.

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 48 4   Download

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is one of the most potent inflammatory mediators. It is biosynthesized by either the de novobiosynthesis of glyceryl ether lipids or by remodeling ofmembranephospholipids. PAFis synthesizedandcatabo-lizedbyvarious renal cells andtissues andexerts awide range of biological activities on renal tissue suggesting a potential role during renal injury.

9p fptmusic 16-04-2013 50 4   Download

Glutamine is an essential amino acid for enterocytes, especially in states of critical illness and injury. In several studies it has been speculated that the beneficial effects of glutamine are dependent on the route of supply (lumi-nal or systemic). The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of both routes of glutamine delivery toin vitro intestinal cells and to explore the molecular basis for proposed beneficial glutamine effects: (a) by deter-mining the relative uptake of radiolabelled glutamine in Caco-2 cells;...

15p fptmusic 11-04-2013 46 2   Download

Peripheral nerve injury is normally followed by a robust regenerative response. Here we describe the early changes associated with injury from the initial rise in intracellular calcium and the subsequent activation of transcription factors and cytokines leading to an inflammatory reaction, and the expression of growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, and other secreted molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication promoting regen-eration and neurite outgrowth.

11p awards 06-04-2013 32 2   Download

Extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) regulate cellular responses to a varietyof extracellular stimuli. In the nervous system, ERK1/2 is critical for neur-onal differentiation, plasticityand mayalso modulate neuronal survival. In this minireview, we present evidence that supports prosurvival activityof ERK1/2 in neurons. Several reports suggest that ERK1/2 mediates neuropro-tective activityof extracellular factors, including neurotro-phins. In addition, ERK1/2 is activated byneuronal injury....

6p dell39 03-04-2013 31 3   Download

The recent discovery of theNogo family ofmyelin inhibitors and theNogo-66 receptor opens upa very promising avenue for the development of therapeutic agents for treating spinal cord injury. Nogo-A, the largest member of the Nogo fam-ily, is a multidomain protein containing at least two regions responsible for inhibiting central nervous system (CNS) regeneration. So far, no structural information is available for Nogo-A or any of its structural domains. We have sub-cloned and expressed two Nogo-A fragments, namely the 182 residueNogo-A(567–748) and the 66 residueNogo-66 in Escherichia coli..

11p dell39 03-04-2013 47 3   Download

Stress protein responses have evolved in part as a mechanism to protect cells from the toxic effects of environmental damaging agents. Oesophageal squamous epithelial cells have evolved an atypical stress response that results in the synthesis of a 53 kDa protein of undefined function named squamous epithelial-induced stress protein of 53 kDa (SEP53).

18p inspiron33 26-03-2013 59 5   Download

Inflammation is traditionally viewed as a physiological reaction to tissue injury. Leukocytes contribute to the inflammatory response by the secretion of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory compounds, by phagocytotic activity and by targeted attack of foreign antigens. Leukocyte accumulation in tis-sues is important for the initial response to injury.

9p inspiron33 25-03-2013 41 4   Download

Oxidant-induced cell damage may be initiated by peroxidative injury to lysosomal membranes, catalyzed by intralysosomal low mass iron that appears to comprise a major part of cellular redox-active iron. Resulting relocation of lytic enzymes and low mass iron would result in secondary harm to various cellular constituents.

12p inspiron33 25-03-2013 38 3   Download

Subendothelial collagen plays an important role, via both direct and indir-ect mechanisms, in the initiation of thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. Collagen binds plasma von Willebrand factor, which mediates plate-let recruitment to collagen under high shear.

11p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 42 4   Download

In recent years, heat treatment has been used to prevent the development of chilling injury in fruits and vegetables. The acquired tolerance to chilling seen in treated fruit is related to the accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs).

9p media19 05-03-2013 39 2   Download

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are critical counter-regulatory enzymes of the renin–angiotensin system, and have been implicated in cardiac function, renal disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis and acute lung injury.

10p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 39 3   Download

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is a multifunctional protein that produces prostaglandin D2 and binds and transports various lipophilic substances after secretion into various body fluids as b-trace. L-PGDS has been proposed to be a useful diagnostic marker for renal injury associated with diabetes or hypertension, because the urinary and plasma concentrations are increased in patients with these diseases.

13p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 47 4   Download

LOX-1 is a scavenger receptor that functions as the primary receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) in endothelial cells. The binding of OxLDL to LOX-1 is believed to lead to endothelial activation, dysfunc-tion, and injury, which constitute early atherogenic events. Because of its potential pathological role in atherosclerosis, LOX-1 has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.

12p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 43 2   Download

Pathophysiologic responses in brain after stroke are highly complex. Thus far, a singular focus on saving neurons alone has not revealed any clinically effective neuroprotectants. To address this limitation, the concept of a neu-rovascular unit was developed. Within this conceptual framework, brain function and dysfunction are manifested at the level of cell–cell signaling between neuronal, glial and vascular elements.

9p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 35 2   Download

Platelet adhesion and aggregation at the site of vascular injury is essential for hemostasis, but can also lead to arterial occlusion in thrombotic disor-ders. Glycoprotein (GP) VI is the major platelet membrane receptor that interacts directly with collagen, the most thrombogenic compound in the blood vessels.

16p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 28 3   Download

Growth factors are a group of proteins that regulate a wide variety of cel-lular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and apoptosis of target cells. They play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of tissue architecture in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis.

7p mobifone23 21-01-2013 40 5   Download

Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mito-chondrial chaperone that plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial func-tion and regulating cell apoptosis. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a key step in cell death after hypoxia.

10p mobifone23 21-01-2013 51 4   Download

Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) has been shown to protect liver cells from various toxins. However, the mechanism by which HSS protects hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, we established BEL-7402 cells that stably express HSS and analyzed the protective ability of HSS on cells through mitochondrial permeability (MP).

13p mobifone23 18-01-2013 34 4   Download