Concurrent execution

Chapter 14 - Transactions. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of a transaction-processing system: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It provides an overview of the methods used to ensure these properties, including locking and snapshot isolation.

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Motor and cognitive impairments are frequently observed following stroke, but are often managed as distinct entities, and there is little evidence regarding how they are related. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of concurrent motor and cognitive impairments 3 months after stroke and to examine how motor performance was associated with memory, executive function and global cognition.

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Lecture Embedded systems - Lesson 8: Concurrency basics. The main topics covered in this chapter include: definition and challenge, basic assumptions, execution traces, mutual exclusion, shared memory, private vs. shared variables,...

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The maximal sensitivity for local alignments makes the Smith-Waterman algorithm a popular choice for protein sequence database search based on pairwise alignment. However, the algorithm is compute-intensive due to a quadratic time complexity. Corresponding runtimes are further compounded by the rapid growth of sequence databases.

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Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) admissions have an incidence of 385 per 100,000 of the population in the UK, and as brain injury often involves the frontal networks, cognitive domains affected are likely to be executive control, working memory, and problem-solving deficits, resulting in difficulty with everyday activities.

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Lecture Principles of distributed database systems - Chapter 11: Distributed concurrency control. In this chapter students will be able to: Concurrency control, execution history (or schedule), formalization of history, complete schedule, schedule definition, serial history, serializable history, serializability in distributed DBMS,...

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In this chapter we introduce the concept of a process and the notion of concurrent execution. Those are at the very heart of modern operating systems. A process is is a program in execution and is the unit of work in a modern time-sharing system. Such a system consists of a collection of processes: Operating-system processes executing system code, and user processes executing user code. This chapter also discuss the notion of a thread (light-weight process) and interprocess communication (IPC).

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Module 6 - Process synchronization. Chapter 6 is concerned with the topic of process synchronization among concurrently executing processes. Concurrency is generally very hard for students to deal with correctly, and so we have tried to introduce it and its problems with the classic process coordination problems: mutual exclusion, bounded-buffer, readers/writers, and so on. An understanding of these problems and their solutions is part of current operating system theory and development.

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Chapter 5 - Concurrency: Mutual exclusion and synchronization. This chapter begins with an introduction to the concept of concurrency and the implications of the execution of multiple concurrent processes. We find that the basic requirement for support of concurrent processes is the ability to enforce mutual exclusion; that is, the ability to exclude all other processes from a course of action while one process is granted that ability.

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A cooperating process is one that can affect or be affected by other processes executing in the system. Cooperating processes can either directly share a logical address space (that is, both code and data) or be allowed to share data only through files or messages. The former case is achieved through the use of threads, discussed in chapter 4. Concurrent access to shared data may result in data inconsistency, however.

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VHDL has been at the heart of electronic design productivity since initial ratification by the IEEE in 1987. For almost 15 years the electronic design automation industry has expanded the use of VHDL from initial concept of design documentation, to design implementation and functional verification. It can be said that VHDL fueled modern synthesis technology and enabled the development of ASIC semiconductor companies. The editions of Doug Perry’s books have served as the authoritative source of practical information on the use of VHDL for users of the language around the world....

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The approach taken to maximize concurrency and im- prove performance is to restrict the use of the PBFT pro- tocol to only the operations that need to be totally or- dered among each other. Other operations can execute speculatively in a single replica (that may be faulty and provide incorrect replies) and we delay validating these replies until commit time. The application program starts a transaction by exe- cuting a BEGIN operation (function db begin, Figure 2, line 1).

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Speed. Aside from caffeine, nothing quickens the pulse of a programmer as much as the blazingly fast execution of a piece of code. How can we fulfill the need for computational speed? Moore’s law takes us some of the way, but multicore is the real future. To take full advantage of multicore, we need to program with concurrency in mind. In a concurrent program, two or more actions take place simultaneously. A concurrent program may download multiple files while performing computations and updating the database. We often write concurrent programs using threads in Java.

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promising approach to programming concurrent applications is provided by transactional synchronization: a transaction aggregates a sequence of resource accesses that should be executed atomically by a single thread. A transaction ends either by committing, in which case, all of its updates take effect, or by aborting, in which case, no update is effective.When aborted, a transaction is later restarted from its beginning.

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The last decade has been one of rapid, profound, and ongoing change in the investments industry. This is due in part to an abundance of newly designed securities, in part to the creation of new trading strategies that would have been impossible without concurrent advances in computer and communications technology, and in part to continuing advances in the theory of investments. Of necessity, our text has evolved along with the financial markets. In this edition, we address many of the changes in the investment environment....

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Process Synchronization Background The Critical-Section Problem Peterson’s Solution Synchronization Hardware Semaphores Classic Problems of Synchronization Monitors Synchronization Examples Atomic Transactions Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005 .Background Concurrent access to shared data may result in data inconsistency Maintaining data consistency requires mechanisms to ensure the orderly execution of cooperating processes Suppose that we wanted to provide a solution to the consumer-producer problem that fills all the buffers.

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The last decade has been one of rapid, profound, and ongoing change in the investments industry. This is due in part to an abundance of newly designed securities, in part to the creation of new trading strategies that would have been impossible without concurrent advances in computer and communications technology, and in part to continuing advances in the theory of investments. Of necessity, our text has evolved along with the financial markets. In this edition, we address many of the changes in the investment environment....

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This  paper  provides  an  introduction  to  writing  concurrent  programs  with  “threads”.  A  threads  facility  allows  you  to  write  programs  with  multiple  simultaneous  points  of  execution,  synchronizing  through  shared  memory.  The  paper  describes  the  basic  thread  and synchronization primitives, then for each primitive provides a tutorial on how to use  it. 

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