The study’s goal is to analyse the factors influencing the effectiveness of expense management, particular devaluation expense, for means of transport in transportation enterprises as they transition to greener modes of transport, notably electric modes of transport; in other words, to investigate the Effectiveness of Depreciation Management for Electric Vehicles (EDMEV).

The study aims to improve the safety and energy savings of IEVs during vehicle operation. First, the article builds a nonlinear dynamic model for IEVs, including electric motors, gearboxes, and braking systems.