Global ecology

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In the decade that has passed since the first edition of this book, the global environment has changed rapidly. Even the most steadfast ‘‘deny-ers’’ have come to accept that atmospheric CO2 enrichment and global warming pose serious challenges to life on Earth.

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This textbook covers Plant Ecology from the molecular to the global level.

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Forests play a major role in global carbon (C) cycle, and the carbon density (CD) could reflect its ecological function of C sequestration. Study on the CD of different forest types on a community scale is crucial to characterize in depth the capacity of forest C sequestration.

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Few things in the universe are constant over thousands or millions of years, not the orbit of the Earth around the sun, the height of eroding mountains, the distribution of boreal forests, or the abundance of a particular species. As we shift our attention from the stellar and global to the regional and local, then the more likely it is that we will encounter things that change over even short spans of time.

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This book contains the papers presented at the International Conference on the Management of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development and Ecological Hazards, which was held in Patagonia, Argentina. The Conference name was shortened to ‘The Ravage of the Planet’ to emphasize the urgency of the problems under discussion. The state of our planet continues to deteriorate at an alarming rate. We have arrived at a situation where we need to determine urgent solutions before we reach a point of irreversible damage....

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The rain forest takes an immense breath and then exhales, once every four or five years, as a major global weather pattern plays out, usually heralded by El Nin˜o–Southern Oscillation. While this powerful natural cycle has occurred for many millennia, it is during the past decade that both the climate of Earth and the people living on it have had an increasing influence on the weather pattern itself, with many biological consequences. In Southeast Asia, as also in most of the Neotropics, El Nin˜o accompanies one of the most exuberant outpourings of nature’s diversity.

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Ecology studies interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment in nature and is also concerned with the effects that organisms have on the inanimate environment. It is concerned with not only what kind of air a species must have but also what effect that species has on the air. This book is not an elementary ecology textbook. A textbook would be longer and more didactic.

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Human activities are affecting the global environment in myriad ways, with numerous direct and indirect effects on ecosystems. The climate and atmospheric composition of Earth are changing rapidly. Humans have directly modified half of the ice-free terrestrial surface and use 40% of terrestrial production. Our actions are causing the sixth major extinction event in the history of life on Earth and are radically modifying the interactions among forests, fields, streams, and oceans.

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THOUGHTFUL OBSERVERS of global ecosystems cannot fail to see that we live in a world dominated by humans.We cannot stand apart from nature, and now nature as we know it cannot stand apart from us. Faced with dawning clarity about this new relationship, we are uncertain of what to do.

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The diverse materials comprising Impasses of the Post-Global take as their starting point an interrelated, if seemingly endless sequence of current ecological, demographic, socio-political, economic, and informational disasters. These have impacted on the stakes and tenor of cultural criticism as much as they have on tangible relations in the contemporary world. The contributors to the Impasses struggle as valiantly with a rapidly

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In this edited volume, global experts in ecology and evolutionary biology explore how theories in ecology elucidate the processes of invasion, while also examining how specific invasions inform ecological theory. This reciprocal benefit is highlighted in a number of scales of organization: population, community and biogeographic. The text describes example invaders in all major groups of organisms and from a number of regions around the globe.

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When we eventually look back at the intellectual shibboleths of the high capitalist period—say the last three centuries—few ingrained assumptions will look so wrongheaded or so globally destructive as the common-sense separation of society and nature. Historically and geographically, most societies have avoided such a stark presumption as hubristic folly, but from physicists to sociologists, physicians to poets, the brains of the ascendant capitalist “west” not only embraced but made a virtue of society’s separation from nature (and vice versa).

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Chapter 3 - History and Geography: The foundations of culture. Geography and history in chapter 3 are included as important dimensions in understanding cultural and market differences among countries. Not to be overlooked is concern for the deterioration of the global ecological environment and the multinational company’s critical responsibility to protect it.

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Chapter 4 - Ecosystems and the physical environment. Overview of chapter 4: Cycling of materials within ecosystems, solar radiation, the atmosphere, the global ocean, weather and climate, internal planetary processes.

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The contents of this chapter include all of the following: Importance of water, water use and resource problems, water problems in U.S. and Canada, global water problems, water management, water conservation.

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For much of history, few things have mattered more to humans than their relations with soil. This is evidenced by a rich historical literature on aspects of soil management and soil fertility, dating back to texts of ancient civilizations of the Middle East, the Mediterranean, China, and India (see McNeill and Winiwarter 2004).

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The rapidly increasing global population has dramatically increased the demands for natural resources and has caused significant changes in quantity and quality of natural resources.To achieve sustainable resource management, it is essential to obtain insight- ful guidance from emerging disciplines such as landscape ecology.This text addresses the links between landscape ecology and natural resource management.These links are discussed in the context of various landscape types,a diverse set of resources,and a wide range ofmanagement issues.

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Soil fertility describes soil nutrient status and the factors controlling the supply of nutrients to plants. Continued efforts to improve soil fertility are required to support the world's growing demand for food, fiber, and renewable fuels. Important ecological services provided by soils, such as biodiversity, buffering capacity, and nutrient recycling benefit from the amendments applied to sustain soil fertility. Those amendments need to be applied in a manner that is both economical and practical for the producer to achieve agronomic objectives that are environmentally sound.

318p qsczaxewd 25-09-2012 83 23   Download

Agroecology encompasses not only aspects of ecology and agriculture, but the ecology of sustainable food production systems, including the technology and related societal and cultural values (e.g. Gliessman 1998; Altieri and Hecht 1990; Altieri 1989, 1987, 1983) to better promote healthy and functional environments for a sustainable quality of life (see also Castillo et al. 2005). To provide effective com munication regarding the status and advances in this burgeoning field, connections must be established with many disciplines including (but not limited to)...

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