Human physiology

Human anatomy and physiology is more than just interesting, it is fascinating. To help get the students and instructions involved in the study of this subject, a number of special features are incorporated throughout the lecture note.

428p phannguyenhaminhths 18-08-2021 26 2   Download

Microclimate is the physical state of the atmosphere in the narrow space of the workplace including the factors temperature, humidity, radiant heat and speed of air transport. These factors must be guaranteed in certain limit, consistent with human physiology.

32p redemption 29-12-2021 6 0   Download

Research objectives: Use the blended learning model in teaching to improve teaching efficiency and improve the online self-study capacity of human and animal physiology for biology pedagogy students.

27p thebadguys 08-06-2021 23 4   Download

This chapter provides knowledge of cell cycle. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the key events of each phase, describe the process of DNA replication.

9p tangtuy07 02-04-2016 33 2   Download

The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) regulates expression of growth factor-dependent genes and muscle-specific genes in vertebrates. Homologous factors regulate differentiation of some ectodermic tissues in invertebrates. To explore the molecular basis of these different physiological functions, the functionality of human, Drosophila melanogaster and Artemia franciscana SRFs in mammalian cells has been compared in this article. D. melanogaster and, to a lesser extend, A.

9p system191 01-06-2013 34 5   Download

Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is a trypsin-like serine protease expressed predominantly in the prostate epithelium. Recently, hK2 has proven to be a useful marker that can be used in combination with prostate specific antigen for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. The cleavage by hK2 of certain substrates in the proteolytic cascade suggest that the kallikrein may be involved in prostate cancer development; however, there has been very little other progress toward its biochemical characterization or elucidation of its true physiological role.

8p system191 01-06-2013 48 2   Download

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was already discovered in insects in 1994, but its physiological role is still enigmatic. We have addressed this problem by purifying four new ACE substrates from the ovaries of the grey fleshfly, Neobellieria bullata. Their primary structures were identified as NKLKPSQWISLSD (Neb-ODAIF-11)13), NKLKPSQWI (Neb-ODAIF-11)9), SLKPSNWLTPSE (Neb-ODAIF-2) and LEQIYHL. Database analysis showed significant homology with amino acid sequence stretches as present in the N-terminal part of several fly yolk proteins....

9p research12 01-06-2013 37 3   Download

The adenosine A2a receptor belongs to the seven trans-membrane helix G-protein-coupled receptor family, is abundant in striatum, vasculature and platelets and is involved in several physiological processes such as blood pressure regulation and protection of cells during anoxia. For structural and biophysical studies we have expressed the human adenosine A2areceptor (hA2aR) at high levels inserted into the Escherichia coliinner membrane, and established a puri®cation scheme.

11p research12 29-04-2013 52 4   Download

In addition to kallikrein hK3, a serine protease generally reported as PSA (prostate-speci®c antigen), at least two other enzymes in human seminal plasma also cleave syn-thetic peptidyl substrates derived from the sequence of human semenogelins. We have identi®ed one of these as prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), a major component of prostatic ¯uid whose physiological function is unclear.

6p research12 29-04-2013 32 4   Download

Hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1), a ubiquitous multifunctional protein, interacts with hyaluronan, globular head of complement component 1q (gC1q), and clustered mannose and has been shown to be involved in cell sig-nalling.In vitro, this recombinant protein isolated from human ®broblast exists in di€erent oligomeric forms, as is evident from the results of various independent techniques in near-physiological conditions.

9p research12 29-04-2013 29 4   Download

Human tissues such as liver, small intestine, spleen and kidney contain a cytosolic b-glucosidase (CBG) that hydrolyses variousb-D-glycosides, but whose physiological function is not known. Here, we describe the ®rst hetero-logous expression of human CBG, a system that facili-tated a detailed assessment of the enzyme speci®city towards dietary glycosides.

10p research12 29-04-2013 48 3   Download

Zinc (Zn), an endogenous regulator of apoptosis, and has abilitiesboth to induceapoptosis and inhibit the inductionof apoptosis via the modulation of caspase activity. Due to the multifunctions of Zn, the intracellular Zn level is strictly regulated by a complex system in physiological and patho-logical conditions. The commitment of Zn to the regulation of apoptosis is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of intracellular Zn level in the induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells (HL-60 cells) using a Zn ionophore [pyrithione (Py)]....

8p tumor12 22-04-2013 29 2   Download

On chemokine stimulation, leucocytes produce and secrete proteolytic enzymes for innate immunedefencemechanisms. Some of these proteasesmodify the biological activity of the chemokines. For instance, neutrophils secrete gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9) and neutrophil col-lagenase (MMP-8) after stimulation with interleukin-8/ CXCL8 (IL-8). Gelatinase B cleaves and potentiates IL-8, generating a positive feedback.

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 69 4   Download

Lactoferrin (LF) is a Fe 3+ -binding glycoprotein, first recognized in milk and then in other human epithelial secretions and barrier fluids. Many different functions have been attributed to LF, including protection from iron-induced lipid peroxidation, immunomodulation and cell growthregulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional acti-vation. Its physiological role is still unclear, but it has been suggested to be responsible for primary defense against microbial and viral infection.

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TheST2gene, which is specifically induced by growth sti-mulation in fibroblasts, encodes interleukin-1 receptor-rela-tedproteins and iswidely expressed in hematopoietic, helper T, and various cancer cells. However, the physiological as well as pathological functions of the ST2 gene products are not yet fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression of theST2gene in human glioma cell lines and human brain tumor samples with real-time polymerase chain reactionmethod,

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The humanSUV3gene encodes an NTP-dependent DNA⁄RNA DExH box helicase predominantly localized in mitochondria. Its orthologue in yeast is a component of the mitochondrial degradosome complex involved in the mtRNA decay pathway. In contrast to this, the physiological func-tion of human SUV3remains to be elucidated. In this report we demon-strate that the hSuv3 protein interacts with HBXIP, previously identified as a cofactor of survivin in suppression of apoptosis and as a protein that binds the HBx protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus....

12p fptmusic 12-04-2013 39 3   Download

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone, modified the proli-feration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Its inactive sulfate ester (DHEA-S) and two of its metabolites – estradiol and testosterone – had no inhibitory effect at physiological concentrations. Antiproliferation was associated with arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but not with cell death, as evaluated by cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and exposure of phosphatidylserine. ...

0p awards 06-04-2013 40 4   Download

The interaction between the human copper(I) chaperone, HAH1, and one of its two physiological partners, the Menkes disease protein (ATP7A), was investigated in solution using heteronuclear NMR. The study was carried out through titrations involving HAH1 and either the second or the fifth soluble domains of ATP7A (MNK2 and MNK5, respectively), in the pres-ence of copper(I). The copper-transfer properties of MNK2 and MNK5 are similar, and differ significantly from those previously observed for the yeast homologous system. ...

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As it has not yet been established whether the second messengers involved in the neutrophil response have identical or specific signalling requirements for each physiological function, protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and mito-gen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were studied in human chemotaxis triggered by the full agonist for-Met-Leu-Phe-OMe (fMLP-OMe) and the ‘pure’ chemoattractant for-Thp-Leu-Ain-OMe [Thp1,Ain3] analogue. Experiments were performed in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca 2+ , known to be an important modulator of second messengers....

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The structure of the Mg 2+ -dependent enzyme human phosphoserine phosphatase (HPSP) was exploited to examine the structural and functional role of the divalent cation in the active site of phosphatases. Most interesting is the biochemical observation that a Ca 2+ ion inhibits the activity of HPSP, even in the presence of added Mg 2+ .The sixfold coordinated Mg 2+ ion present in the active site of HPSP under normal physiological conditions, was replaced by a Ca 2+ ion by using a crystallization conditionwith high concentration of CaCl2(0.7M). ...

7p dell39 03-04-2013 52 2   Download