Math for the pharmacy technician

Chapter 11, Operational calculations. This chapter presents information and calculations related to business operations in the pharmacy. This chapter also discusses inventory and reimbursement considerations and calculating correct costs and correct change.

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Chapter 1, Numbering systems and mathematical review, provides a comprehensive review of fractions and decimals. When you have successfully completed Chapter 1, you will have mastered skills to be able to: Identify and determine the values of roman and arabic numerals; understand and compare the values of fractions in various formats; accurately add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions and decimals;...

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Chapter 2, Working with percents, ratios, and proportions. This chapter continues the math review by introducing percents, ratios, and proportions as well cross-multiplication and means and extremes. The concepts of ratio strengths and strengths of mixtures are also introduced.

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Chapter 3, Systems of measurement and weight, reviews weights and measures. It introduces the metric system as well as apothecary and household systems. Time and temperature conversions are included. Special attention is given to conversion factors, and the procedures for ratio proportion, fraction proportion, and dimensional analysis methods are introduced as building blocks for later chapters.

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Chapter 4, Drug orders. This chapter begins with the seven rights of medication administration, abbreviations, and controlled substances. This chapter shows the various ways in which drug orders may be written and how to interpret physicians’ orders and prescriptions. It emphasizes safety and shows how drug orders and prescriptions can easily be misread, giving added detail to detecting errors and forged or altered prescriptions.

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Chapter 6, Dosage calculations, teaches the techniques for calculating doses. Building on information from earlier chapters, students are taught how to calculate the amount to dispense, using all four methods of dosage calculations: ratio proportion, fraction proportion, dimensional analysis, and formula. Students will also learn to calculate estimated days supply.

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Chapter 7, Oral medications and parenteral dosages, discusses tablets and capsules in depth and gives information about breaking or crushing them. Liquid oral medications are also discussed. Chapter 7 applies techniques learned in Chapter 6 to calculations of parenteral dosages, emphasizing injectable medications. The chapter concludes with a look at other medication routes such as eye and ear drops, inhalants, rectal and vaginal medications, transdermal systems, and topical medications.

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Chapter 8, Intravenous calculations, presents information and calculations unique to administering intravenous (IV) medications. After introducing IV solutions, attention is turned to calculating fl ow rates. Students also learn calculations for intermittent IV infusions, infusion times, and infusion volumes.

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Chapter 9, Special preparations and calculations. This chapter presents information and calculations unique to compounds, alligations, preparation of a dilution from a concentrate, and special considerations for insulin calculations.

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Chapter 10, Pediatric and geriatric considerations. This chapter includes drug orders based upon body weight. It introduces body surface area (BSA) calculations. Discussions of special concerns for pediatric and geriatric patients are also presented.

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Chapter 5, Drug labels, package inserts, and references, teaches students how to find a wide range of information common to all drug labels and package inserts, then specifi cally how to fi nd information about oral and parenteral medications and medications administered by other routes.

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