Nutritional interventions

For the 57th Nestlé Pediatric Nutrition Workshop, which took place in May 2005 at Half Moon Bay, San Francisco, the topic ‘Primary Prevention by Nutrition Intervention in Infancy and Childhood’ was chosen. Early nutrition seems to be involved in the mechanism of control, especially taking into account the role of protein and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). It seems that the new generation of infant formulas already takes those findings into consideration. We would like to thank the two chairmen, Prof. Hugh Sampson and Prof.

289p cronus75 14-01-2013 54 2   Download

Poor nutrition is a major problem in older Americans. Inadequate intake affects approximately 37 to 40 percent of community-dwelling individuals over 65 years of age (Ryan et al., 1992). In addition, the vast majority of older Americans have chronic conditions in which nutrition interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in improving health and quality-of-life outcomes. Eighty-seven percent of older Americans have either diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or a combination of these chronic diseases (NCHS, 1997).

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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Changes in body weight, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors after long-term nutritional intervention in patients with severe mental illness: an observational study

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In 1993, a small group of experts gathered at FIFA house in Zurich, Switzerland, to discuss the role of nutrition in the performance of soccer players. Their discussions, under the guidance of Professors Clyde Williams and Bjorn Ekblom, represented the state of knowledge in the field at that time, and their recommendations were widely applied throughout the game. Indeed, the suggestion that players would benefit from better access to fluids during matches led to a change in the rules relating to the provision of drinks during games.

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In the last half century, significant increases in the productivity of modern poultry stocks have been achieved for both the meat and the egg production sectors of the global poultry industry. Synergies have resulted from advances made in all the major ac- tivities of poultry management and housing, nutrition and ration formulation, applying poultry genetics knowledge in commercial breeding programmes and better diagnosis and control of avian diseases. Of all these core elements, poultry health and disease can be the least predictable.

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Nutritional counseling and management are becoming important in health care, particularly in the management of a number of chronic conditions and diseases. The publication of this book is timely, because it aims to help physicians and their staffs identify conditions and diseases that can be treated effectively with nutritional intervention, and provides specifics on appropriate counseling and management. The first of the 13 chapters discusses nutritional support for children, with emphasis on premature infants, cystic fibrosis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia....

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Specifically, the report considers home-based child-centred development programmes focusing on health and nutrition; psychosocial care and management of inherited assets; interventions directed at supporting families and households to cope with the HIV/AIDS problem and interventions directed at building the capacities of communities to provide long-term care and support for children and households.

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First, there needs to be a clear usage pattern established for those items deemed to be “critical supplies.” Information on increased usage during critical situations in the past, such as infectious outbreaks or infrastructure damage would be extremely useful. Second, determine the time period for which you plan to be without assistance. Third, determine what would need to be kept on hand to accommodate that time frame. This will vary significantly on your environment, especially based on a rural or urban setting, type of disaster, and availability of suppliers.

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Upon entry in the program, participants, mostly women, receive a recipe book and are told about the importance of eating at least 3 meals a day and choosing from a vari- ety of foods in the four major food groups (grain prod- ucts, fruits/vegetables, milk/milk products, meat/meat alternate). Recipes are based on inexpensive, readily available whole grains products, vegetables and fruits, lean meats, low-fat dairy products and legumes. Partici- pants decide themselves how much weight they want to lose.

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Only 32% infants are exclusively breastfed during the first six months. This is an increase from 13% in 2003. Data from the 2003 and 2008 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, show that although breastfeeding is a common practice in Kenya, mixed feeding rather than exclusive breastfeeding is practiced. There was a marked decline in exclusive breastfeeding rates between 1993/98 (17%) and 2003 (13%). Some of the contributing factors were confusing messages about breastfeeding in context HIV and AIDS.

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Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to measure the effects of the interventions. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS increased in the intervention sites compared to the control sites, with greater improvement in Site B with the additional school-based intervention. The knowledge of contraceptives improved in both intervention and control sites, with the greatest improvement seen in Site A.

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This edition has been revised by Ineke Puls, Gert Wouter Bouwman and Gert de Lange of PTC+ , Barneveld, under the guidance of Farzin Wafadar Aqhdam. Agromisa kindly acknowledges their contributions and critical comments. We also acknowledge the financial support of the World’s Poultry Science Association, which made it possible to publish this Agrodok in several languages.

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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Bridging the gap between epigenetics research and nutritional public health interventions

4p panasonic02 15-12-2011 29 2   Download

Furthermore WFP is providing food assistance to vulnerable groups through institutional feeding and school feeding to around 90,000 beneficiaries. WFP also provides a general food ration consisting of cereals, CSB, sugar, fortified oil and iodised salt when available, to the rural population affected by the humanitarian crisis, the urban poor and IDPs. In 2009 this food assistance covered around 3 to 3.5 million people a month – almost half the population – on the basis of FSNAU seasonal assessments.

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The aim of the strategy is to improve through optimal feeding, the nutritional status, health, growth and development and thus the survival of infants and young children. The objectives of the strategy are:
To raise awareness of the main problems facing IYCF, identify approaches to their solution and provide a framework for essential interventions.

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There has been very little funding to support nutrition both from the public and partners and very limited civil society activism and advocacy on maternal, infant and young child nutrition issues. Recommendations: MOH and civil society should continue to advocate for more funds to support implementation of the National MIYCN strategy. There is need for local and international advocates to give technical and financial support Kenya to operationalize her National Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition Strategy....

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The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of child health. In particular, we will focus on the influence of household consumption and public infrastructure on child health. This would inform policy makers when setting priorities among different interventions. It is important to understand whether different policies are substitutes or complements. Poverty and low education could cause bottlenecks, not allowing other public policies to influence child health.

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The efficacy of health and nutrition interventions in develop- ing countries has been established for decades (for example, Gwatkin, Wilcox, and Wray 1980). Prospective studies in sev- eral settings showed that health interventions with or without supplementary foods caused children to thrive and survive better: studies in Narangwal, India (Kielmann and others 1978; Taylor, Kielmann, and Parker 1978); by the Institute for Nutrition for Central America and Panama (Delgado and others 1982); in Jamaica (Waterlow 1992); and in The Gambia (Whitehead, Rowland, and Cole 1976) are examples.

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Expanding coverage and improving the quality of HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care interventions are required to achieve global goals and targets. HIV incidence is falling in many countries, but is increasing in others. National HIV responses must target high-quality, evidence-based HIV-specific prevention interventions to where transmission is actually occurring, and focus efforts on key populations underserved by current HIV programmes. Section 3.

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A detailed situational analysis of the nutrition situation in country, determinants of malnutrition and current nutrition interventions, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats can be found in annex 2. In brief, eighteen years of war and insecurity have had devastating effects on the nutrition and health status of the people of Somalia, which was already precarious even before.

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