Postmeiotic

One of the most obscure phenomena in modern biology is the near genome-wide displacement of histones that occurs during the postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis in many species. Here we review the literature to show that, during spermatogenic differentiation, three major molecular mechanisms come together to ‘prepare’ the nucleosomes for facilitated disassembly and histone removal.

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In meiosis, the accurate segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes is accomplished by homologous recombination. A central player in meiotic recombination is the Dmc1 recombinase, a member of the RecA⁄Rad51 recombinase superfamily, which is widely conserved from viruses to humans.

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The second minireview describes the importance of meiotic recombination in meiosis, and the current understanding of this process and its control mecha-nisms. Imperfections in meiotic recombination have been linked withde novo germline mutations, abnor-mal gametes, and infertility.

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Recombination of homologous chromosomes is essential for correct reduc-tional segregation of homologous chromosomes, which characterizes meio-sis. To accomplish homologous recombination, chromosomes must find their homologous partners and pair with them within the spatial con-straints of the nucleus.

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Sexual reproduction depends on the success of faithful chromosome trans-mission during meiosis to yield viable gametes. Central to meiosis is the process of recombination between paternal and maternal chromosomes, which boosts the genetic diversity of progeny and ensures normal homo-logous chromosome segregation.

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