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C U TRÚC ÔN THI ĐI H CẤ Ạ Ọ
1) Always/ constantly (lien t c) / ụcontinually (lien t c) / ụforever (mãi) : dung thì hi n t i ti p ệ ạ ế
di n khi mu n than phi nễ ố ề
Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking.
2) be : dung thì hi n t i ti p di n khi nói v s t m th i/nh t th i, không ph i b n ch t.ệ ạ ế ễ ề ự ạ ờ ấ ờ ả ả ấ
Ex: He is being naughty now (c u y đang ngh ch ng m ). He is usually obedient (c u âý th ng ậ ấ ị ợ ậ ườ
ngoan).
3) b đng: “be/get V3/ed”ị ộ
4) b đng truy n khi nị ộ ề ế (nh ng i khác làm gì) : have / get sth ờ ườ done ( Vd: I had my car washed
yesterday – tôi đem xe đi r a (ti m r a). Tuy nhiên, th ng dùng “ử ệ ử ườ get” n u có “ếmust” (Ex: I must
get my car serviced), n u có s ế ự n l cỗ ự (Ex: I eventually -cu i cùng got the car fixed) , và “trong ố
câu m nh l nhệ ệ ” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi c t tóc đi)ắ
(ai b l y c p/… cái gì ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterday- ị ấ ắ
tôi b m t xe) ị ấ
- ch đng truy n khi n: have sb do sth , get/ask sb to do sth : nh ai làm gìủ ộ ề ế ờ
5) should + V1 : khi đi sau các đng t nh : “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc d c) / ộ ừ ư ụ
demand (đòi h i) / prefer / insist / request …” ho c sau c u trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary ỏ ặ ấ
that / It’s good that …”
Ex: He advised that you should go home. It’s important that we should be modest. (ph i có that m iả ớ
dùng should, n u không có that thì dùng to-V) ế
-ta có th ểb shouldỏ trong c u trúc nàyấ
Ex: He advised that you go home. It’s important that we be modest.
6) need V-ing : c n đc = need to be V3/edầ ượ
7) is/are to + V1 = have to (t ng lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students ươ are to assemble in the
hall at 9:00)
8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + V-ing : s pắ
9) wouldn’t V1: không ch u = refused to V1 (quá kh ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say)ị ứ
Won’t V1: s không ch u (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù b n nói ẽ ị ạ
gì, cô y s không ch u nói s th t đâu) ấ ẽ ị ự ậ
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10) would V1: th ngườ làm gì trong quá khứ (ch đi v i đng t hành đng) (Ex: Every week heỉ ớ ộ ừ ộ ’d
buy his mother a bunch of flowers)
11) used to V1: đã t ng, đã th ng (+ đng t hành đng/tr ng thái) (Ex: I used to like (tr ng thái)ừ ườ ộ ừ ộ ạ ạ
ice-cream; I used to go (hành đng) swimming a lot)ộ
12) was going to V1: đã d đnh (nh ng không làm)ự ị ư
13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi t h i là b n có mu n… (dùng quá kh nh ng nói ự ỏ ạ ố ứ ư
hi n t i : l ch s )ệ ạ ị ự
14) have/has been V-ing: thì hi n t i hoàn thành ti p di n : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đn gi ng thì ệ ạ ế ễ ế ố
hi n t i hoàn thành, cách dung 2: hành đng đã ch m d t nh ng đ l i k t qu hi n t iệ ạ ộ ấ ứ ư ể ạ ế ả ở ệ ạ
Ex: I’ve been running. That’s why I’m hot.
15) Don’t touch the switch (công t c). ắ B đng: The switch isn’t to be touched. (Công t c không ị ộ ắ
đc ch m)ượ ạ
16) happen to V1 : tình cờ
17) should trong m nh đ ệ ề If : kh năng khó th x y ra (ng i nói không nghĩ s x y ra)ả ể ả ườ ẽ ả
Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (N u b n có g p Ann, hãy nói cô y g i ế ạ ặ ấ ọ
tôi nhé?)
If your goods should have mistake, please let us know. (N u hàng c a b n b l i, hãy báo ế ủ ạ ị ỗ
chúng tôi bi t)ế
18) will/would trong m nh đ ệ ề If : l ch s và nh n m nh.ị ự ấ ạ
Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free. (N u b n ch đây, tôi s đi xem ế ạ ờ ở ẽ
Bà Green có r nh không)ả
19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (n u không cóế b n giúp)ạ
20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within. N u thích, hãy n p đn vào trong)ế ộ ơ
Ex: If necessary, take a taxi.
21) Đo ngả ữ m nh đ ệ ề If : b If và đo “Had / Were / Should” ra tr c S.ỏ ả ướ
Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me?
22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (ho c were V-ing) : đã đn lúcặ ế
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It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + for O + to V1
23) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : mu n ai làm gìố
Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): mu n làm gì (h n là…) = would sooner … than …ố ơ
24) prefer to-V1 / V-ing : thích h nơ
Prefer V-ing to V-ing : thích … h n …ơ
Would prefer: thích h n (Ex: ơI’d prefer it if you didn’t go. Đi u ki n 2)ề ệ
Would prefer + O + to-V1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go)
25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : hi m khi (nghĩa ph đnh)ế ủ ị
26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : ngay khi … thì….
just as … : ngay khi
27) đo ngả ữ : khi t mang nghĩa ph đnh đng đu câu ừ ủ ị ứ ầ
G m các t nh : ồ ừ ư Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on
no account (không vì b t c lý do nào), under/in no circumstances (dù trong hoàn c nh nào), at no ấ ứ ả
time = never, by no means (không h , không bao gi ), not only, barely (ch , v a m i), only (only ề ờ ỉ ừ ớ
then, only once (ch m t khi), only later, only by…) , hardly, no sooner…ỉ ộ
Ex: Only then did she realize the truth. Hardly had they finished work when the light went out.
-Not until, only when, only if : đng đu câu ứ ầ đo ng m nh đ 2.ả ữ ệ ề
Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner.
Đo ng v i ả ữ ớ so / such:
-So + adj + was + S that …: quá ... đn n i (Ex: So hot ế ỗ was the day that he took off his shirt)
-Such + was + S that … : quá … đn n i (Ex: Such ế ỗ was his hunger (c n đói) that he couldn’t ơ
go on learning)
-Đo tr ng ng n i ch n/ph ng h ng chuy n đngả ạ ữ ơ ố ươ ướ ể ộ ra đu câu ầ đo luôn ảđng t raộ ừ
tr c ch t (ướ ủ ừ v i đi u ki n S là c m danh t )ớ ề ệ ụ ừ
Ex: Her father stood in the doorway In the doorway stood her father.
A portrait of the King was above the fireplace. Above the fireplace was a portrait of the
King.
Here is/comes Sandra’s car. (nh ng “Here she is” không đo đng t vì S là đi t “she”)ư ả ộ ừ ạ ừ
The rocket (tên l a) went up. ử Up went the rocket.
-Đo ngả ữ trong câu so sánh b ng và h n v i “ằ ơ ớ as / than”:
Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was. The cake was excellent, as was the coffee.
Children watch more television than adults do. Children watch more television than do
adults.
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28) Although / when / if / since (t khi) ... + V3,ed / V-ing / Adjừ : là d ng rút g n m nh đ (khi S ạ ọ ệ ề
c a 2 m nh đ gi ng nhau)ủ ệ ề ố
Ex: Although sick, he tried to come.
29) whether …. or … : dù … hay …
Whether …. (or not) : dù/li u ….hay khôngệ
30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không
Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid. (= whether or not he
speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …)
31) Much as … = although : m c dù ặ
Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home.
32) Adj + though / as … : m c dù ặ
Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly. (ng ngon)ủ
33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although
34) m c đíchụ c a hành đng: ủ ộ for + N = to-V1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a
new car)
M c đích s d ng c a 1 ụ ử ụ ủ đ v t/thi t bồ ậ ế ị : for + V-ing (An umbrella is used for protecting us
from the sun or rain)
35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : mi n là = ifễ
Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : gi s = ifả ử
Given that = Assuming that : c cho là = ifứ
In case + S V: l màỡ
But for + c m danh t : n u không vìụ ừ ế
Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would do if we won the competition.)
Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián đi p)! (What would you say?)ệ
36) As if …= as though… : nh thư ể
Ex: He acts as if he were in charge. (s th t: he isn’t in charge) (ự ậ không th t hi n t i)ậ ở ệ ạ
He acts as if he is in charge. (s th t: he is in charge) (ự ậ th t hi n t i)ậ ở ệ ạ
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You look as if you had just seen a ghost. (trông b n nh th v a g p ma) (ạ ư ể ừ ặ không th t quá ậ ở
kh )ứ
37) as + m nh đ / Nệ ề : nh , nh làư ư
like + m nh đ / Nệ ề : nh , gi ng như ố ư
38) It was ….that….: chính là ….mà… (tr c “that” là danh t / tr ng t / đi t gì cũng đc)ướ ừ ạ ừ ạ ừ ượ
It was ….who / whom / which … : chính là … mà…(theo quy t c c a m nh đ quan h )ắ ủ ệ ề ệ
Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present. ( = Mary gave you the present)
39) M nh đ danh t làm S ệ ề ừ đng t chia s ộ ừ ố ít
Ex: What surprised me was his calmness. (= His calmness surprised me)
That he didn’t come was surprising. ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come)
40) Câu h i đuôiỏ:
-I am …., aren’t I?
-V1 …., will you? (câu m nh l nh)ệ ệ
-Don’t …., will you? (m nh l nh ph đnh)ệ ệ ủ ị
- Let’s…, shall we?
-This / that is …., isn’t it?
- There is …., isn’t there?
- có t mang nghĩa ph đnh nh “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , kh ng đnh?ừ ủ ị ư ẳ ị
41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : m nh đ quan hệ ề ệ
Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired.
= The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired.
42) must + V1 : ch c là ắ ph đnh: ủ ị can’t V1 : không th nào (suy đoán hi n t i)ể ệ ạ
must have V3/ed : ch c là đã ắ ph đnh : ủ ị can’t have V3/ed : không th nào đã (suy đoán quá ể
kh )ứ
- t ng t suy đoán ít ch c ch n h n v i: “may / might / could” : có thươ ự ắ ắ ơ ớ ể
mustn’t V1: không đc phépượ
should V1 : nên (khuyên hi n t i)ở ệ ạ
should have V3/ed : l ra đã nên (ti c nu i chuy n quá kh )ẽ ế ố ệ ứ
43) If I were you, … : là l i khuyênờ
44) almost = nearly : h u nh , g n nh (th ng đi v i “all, every”)ầ ư ầ ư ườ ớ
Ex : Almost everyone likes this food.