Ạ Ọ
Ấ
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C U TRÚC ÔN THI Đ I H C
ụ ụ ệ ạ ế i ti p continually (lien t c) / forever (mãi) : dung thì hi n t
ề ễ
1) Always/ constantly (lien t c) /
ố
di n khi mu n than phi n
Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking.
ệ ạ ế ả ả ấ ấ ờ ờ
i ti p di n khi nói v s t m th i/nh t th i, không ph i b n ch t.
ễ
ậ ấ ậ ợ ườ ng
ề ự ạ
2) be : dung thì hi n t
ị
Ex: He is being naughty now (c u y đang ngh ch ng m ). He is usually obedient (c u âý th
ngoan).
ị ộ 3) b đ ng: “be/get V3/ed”
ề ị ộ ế (nh ng
ờ ườ
ử ườ done ( Vd: I had my car washed
ế
must” (Ex: I must
get” n u có “
ế ố i khác làm gì) : have / get sth
ng dùng “
ự n l cỗ ự (Ex: I eventually cu i cùng got the car fixed) , và “trong
ắ ệ ” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi c t tóc đi)
ị ấ ắ 4) b đ ng truy n khi n
ệ
ử
yesterday – tôi đem xe đi r a (ti m r a). Tuy nhiên, th
get my car serviced), n u có s
ệ
câu m nh l nh
(ai b l y c p/… cái gì ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterday
ủ ộ ề ế ờ ị ấ
tôi b m t xe)
ch đ ng truy n khi n: have sb do sth , get/ask sb to do sth : nh ai làm gì
ộ ừ ư ụ nh : “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc d c) /
ỏ ấ
ả
ế
ỏ ấ
trong c u trúc này
5) should + V1 : khi đi sau các đ ng t
ặ
demand (đòi h i) / prefer / insist / request …” ho c sau c u trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary
that / It’s good that …”
ớ
Ex: He advised that you should go home. It’s important that we should be modest. (ph i có that m i
dùng should, n u không có that thì dùng toV)
ta có th ể b should
Ex: He advised that you go home. It’s important that we be modest.
ầ ượ 6) need Ving : c n đ c = need to be V3/ed
ươ ng lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students are to assemble in the
7) is/are to + V1 = have to (t
hall at 9:00)
8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + Ving : s pắ
ứ
ẽ ạ ị
ị
ấ ẽ ự ậ ị 9) wouldn’t V1: không ch u = refused to V1 (quá kh ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say)
Won’t V1: s không ch u (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù b n nói
gì, cô y s không ch u nói s th t đâu)
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ừ
ớ ộ ỉ ộ ngườ làm gì trong quá khứ (ch đi v i đ ng t hành đ ng) (Ex: Every week he ’d
10) would V1: th
buy his mother a bunch of flowers)
ừ ừ ộ ạ ạ ộ ng (+ đ ng t hành đ ng/tr ng thái) (Ex: I used to like (tr ng thái)
ườ
ộ 11) used to V1: đã t ng, đã th
icecream; I used to go (hành đ ng) swimming a lot)
ự ị ư 12) was going to V1: đã d đ nh (nh ng không làm)
ự ỏ ứ ư ạ ố h i là b n có mu n… (dùng quá kh nh ng nói
ệ ạ ị 13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi t
hi n t ự
i : l ch s )
ệ ạ i hoàn thành ti p di n : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đ n gi ng thì
ệ ạ ế
ấ ễ
ứ ể ạ ế ư i hoàn thành, cách dung 2: hành đ ng đã ch m d t nh ng đ l i k t qu ế
ố
ả ở ệ ạ
hi n t i
14) have/has been Ving: thì hi n t
ộ
hi n t
Ex: I’ve been running. That’s why I’m hot.
ị ộ ắ
15) Don’t touch the switch (công t c). ắ B đ ng: The switch isn’t to be touched. (Công t c không
ượ
đ ạ
c ch m)
16) happen to V1 : tình cờ
ả ệ ẽ ả i nói không nghĩ s x y ra)
ườ
ề If : kh năng khó th x y ra (ng
ế ạ ặ ấ ọ
ủ ạ ị ỗ ế i, hãy báo
ể ả
17) should trong m nh đ
Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (N u b n có g p Ann, hãy nói cô y g i
tôi nhé?)
If your goods should have mistake, please let us know. (N u hàng c a b n b l
chúng tôi bi t)ế
ự ệ ấ ạ ị ề If : l ch s và nh n m nh.
ế ạ ờ ở ẽ
đây, tôi s đi xem
ả 18) will/would trong m nh đ
Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free. (N u b n ch
Bà Green có r nh không)
ế ạ b n giúp) 19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (n u không có
ế ộ ơ
20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within. N u thích, hãy n p đ n vào trong)
Ex: If necessary, take a taxi.
ả ỏ ướ ệ
ữ m nh đ c S. ề If : b If và đ o “Had / Were / Should” ra tr
21) Đ o ngả
Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me?
ế ặ 22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (ho c were Ving) : đã đ n lúc
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It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + for O + to V1
ố
ố 23) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : mu n ai làm gì
ơ
Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): mu n làm gì (h n là…) = would sooner … than …
ơ ề ệ I’d prefer it if you didn’t go. Đi u ki n 2)
24) prefer toV1 / Ving : thích h nơ
Prefer Ving to Ving : thích … h n …ơ
Would prefer: thích h n (Ex:
Would prefer + O + toV1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go)
ủ ị ế 25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : hi m khi (nghĩa ph đ nh)
26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : ngay khi … thì….
just as … : ngay khi
ầ ứ ữ : khi t ủ ị
mang nghĩa ph đ nh đ ng đ u câu
ừ
nh :
ấ ứ
ờ ỉ ừ ả
ớ
ỉ ộ
ả ầ ề ứ đ o ng m nh đ 2.
ữ ệ
ả ữ ớ so / such:
ế
ế ỗ
ỗ ơ was the day that he took off his shirt)
was his hunger (c n đói) that he couldn’t
ướ ộ ầ ể ộ ra đ u câu đ o luôn
ả đ ng t ừ
ra
ữ ơ
ề
ớ ướ ố
ng chuy n đ ng
ừ
ệ
ủ ừ v i đi u ki n S là c m danh t ) (
ạ ừ ừ ả ộ vì S là đ i t “she”)
ử
Up went the rocket.
ằ ơ ữ trong câu so sánh b ng và h n v i “ ớ as / than”:
27) đ o ngả
ừ ư Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on
ồ
G m các t
no account (không vì b t c lý do nào), under/in no circumstances (dù trong hoàn c nh nào), at no
ề
time = never, by no means (không h , không bao gi ), not only, barely (ch , v a m i), only (only
then, only once (ch m t khi), only later, only by…) , hardly, no sooner…
Ex: Only then did she realize the truth. Hardly had they finished work when the light went out.
Not until, only when, only if : đ ng đ u câu
Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner.
Đ o ng v i
So + adj + was + S that …: quá ... đ n n i (Ex: So hot
Such + was + S that … : quá … đ n n i (Ex: Such
go on learning)
ả
ạ
ươ
Đ o tr ng ng n i ch n/ph
ng h
ụ
tr
c ch t
Ex: Her father stood in the doorway In the doorway stood her father.
A portrait of the King was above the fireplace. Above the fireplace was a portrait of the
King.
ư
Here is/comes Sandra’s car. (nh ng “Here she is” không đ o đ ng t
The rocket (tên l a) went up.
Đ o ngả
Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was. The cake was excellent, as was the coffee.
Children watch more television than adults do. Children watch more television than do
adults.
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ề ệ ạ ọ ừ : là d ng rút g n m nh đ (khi S khi) ... + V3,ed / Ving / Adj
ệ
28) Although / when / if / since (t
ề ố
ủ
c a 2 m nh đ gi ng nhau)
Ex: Although sick, he tried to come.
ệ 29) whether …. or … : dù … hay …
Whether …. (or not) : dù/li u ….hay không
30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không
Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid. (= whether or not he
speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …)
ặ
31) Much as … = although : m c dù
Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home.
ặ
ủ 32) Adj + though / as … : m c dù
Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly. (ng ngon)
33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although
ộ ủ c a hành đ ng: for + N = toV1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a
ụ ủ ồ ậ đ v t/thi ế ị : for + Ving (An umbrella is used for protecting us t b
ụ
34) m c đích
new car)
ử ụ
M c đích s d ng c a 1
from the sun or rain)
ễ
s = if
ứ
ụ ừ ế : n u không vì 35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : mi n là = if
ả ử
Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : gi
Given that = Assuming that : c cho là = if
màỡ
In case + S V: l
But for + c m danh t
ệ Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would do if we won the competition.)
Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián đi p)! (What would you say?)
ự ậ hi n t i)
ự ậ ậ ở ệ ạ không th t
hi n t ậ ở ệ ạ
i) 36) As if …= as though… : nh thư ể
Ex: He acts as if he were in charge. (s th t: he isn’t in charge) (
th t
He acts as if he is in charge. (s th t: he is in charge) (
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ư ể ừ ặ ạ ậ ở không th t quá
You look as if you had just seen a ghost. (trông b n nh th v a g p ma) (
kh )ứ
ề ư
: nh , nh là
ư ề ư ư
ố
: nh , gi ng nh ệ
37) as + m nh đ / N
ệ
like + m nh đ / N
ừ ạ ướ c “that” là danh t / tr ng t c)
gì cũng đ
ề ạ ừ
/ đ i t
ệ
ừ
ượ
38) It was ….that….: chính là ….mà… (tr
ệ
ắ ủ
It was ….who / whom / which … : chính là … mà…(theo quy t c c a m nh đ quan h )
Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present. ( = Mary gave you the present)
ề ệ ừ ừ chia s làm S đ ng t
ộ ố ít
39) M nh đ danh t
Ex: What surprised me was his calmness. (= His calmness surprised me)
That he didn’t come was surprising. ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come)
:
ệ ệ
ủ ị ệ ệ
ừ ư ẳ ị ỏ
40) Câu h i đuôi
I am …., aren’t I?
V1 …., will you? (câu m nh l nh)
Don’t …., will you? (m nh l nh ph đ nh)
Let’s…, shall we?
This / that is …., isn’t it?
There is …., isn’t there?
ủ ị
có t mang nghĩa ph đ nh nh “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , kh ng đ nh?
ệ ề ệ
41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : m nh đ quan h
Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired.
= The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired.
i) ắ ph đ nh: ể
can’t V1 : không th nào (suy đoán hi n t
ệ ạ
ể ắ ph đ nh :
ủ ị can’t have V3/ed : không th nào đã (suy đoán quá
ắ ơ ể ươ ớ
suy đoán ít ch c ch n h n v i: “may / might / could” : có th ng t
ắ
c phép
ở ệ ạ
hi n t
ẽ i)
ế ệ ứ
ố
ra đã nên (ti c nu i chuy n quá kh ) ủ ị
42) must + V1 : ch c là
must have V3/ed : ch c là đã
kh )ứ
ự
t
ượ
mustn’t V1: không đ
should V1 : nên (khuyên
should have V3/ed : l
ờ i khuyên 43) If I were you, … : là l
ư ầ ư ầ ườ ớ ng đi v i “all, every”)
44) almost = nearly : h u nh , g n nh (th
Ex : Almost everyone likes this food.
ế ọ i (nói chung)
ế ầ
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ườ
ọ
ườ ộ ậ ườ ề
i (nói riêng v 1 b ph n ng i đan nói) ầ
Most people : h u h t m i ng
Most of the people : h u h t m i ng
ằ ẩ ấ ả ố ừ (so, and, but,
ủ ừ ố ụ ề ệ
gi ng m nh đ sau.
ủ ừ 45) Nguyên t c 1ắ : hai câu không n i nhau b ng d u ph y, mà ph i có liên t
although…)
Nguyên t c 2ắ : c m Ving/ p.p luôn có ch t
Nguyên t c 3ắ : không có ch t , không chia thì.
ể ứ ổ ừ ừ : có th đ ng sau và b nghĩa cho N / danh t
ị ỷ b đ ng)
ủ ộ
46) tính t
/ V3/ed / Ving / toV1
Ex: Make the world happy; consider him good
Make the world a better place; consider him the leader
ị ộ
The house destroyed in the fire has been rebuilt. (destroyed : b phá hu
The house standing near the pine garden is mine. (standing : đ ng ứ ch đ ng)
Who was the last person to leave the room?
Ạ ừ Ố
/ Ving / V3,ed / toV : Đ NG Đ U CÂU HO C CU I CÂU LÀM TR NG
ệ ớ ệ ọ Ứ
Ằ Ầ
Ấ ấ Ặ
ự ề
Ẩ (th c ch t đây là d ng rút g n m nh đ )
ạ
c) ( ị ượ Cooked well, the food was more delicious)
ị ộ
To save money, I have to skip breakfast)
ừ 47/ Tính t
ề
Ữ
NG , NGĂN v i m nh đ chính B NG D U PH Y
ủ ộ
Finishing homework, she went to bed)
Ving , S + V : nghĩa ch đ ng (
Having V3/ed , S + V : đã (Having finished homework, she went to bed)
V3/ed , S + V : nghĩa b đ ng (b , đ
ể
ToV , S + V : Đ … (
Tired, she went to bed early)
, S+ V (
Tính t
ẫ
ượ ế ạ
ng v n tu
ậ
ệ ả 48) Bare infinitive: nguyên m u không to
God save the Queen!
Long live the King! = May the King live long! Chúc Hoàng th
Be that as it may, … : Tuy v y = Nevertheless
Come what may, … : Dù chuy n gì x y ra = Whatever may come / happen
ự ớ ươ 49) No matter what = whatever + (N) + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter what …
No matter how = however + adj/adv + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter how …
T v i who/whoever, where/wherever, when/ whenever… ng t
ấ ẽ ọ ệ ấ ố i nay
ể ế ể
ờ ấ 50) likely (adj) : có thể
It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight: r t có th là cô y s g i đi n cho tôi t
He is likely to come now : anh y có th đ n bây gi
ụ ừ ứ , … căn c vào 51) Given + c m danh t
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Ở ổ ậ ộ ườ ạ ấ
i ch y r t
Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner = tu i anh ta, anh ta th t là m t ng
nhanh.
ấ
ả ớ ớ
ữ
ể ứ
ọ
ố ả ấ
52) regardless of …: b t ch p
ị ứ
allergic to … (adj) : d ng v i, ghét, có ác c m v i
ố
However, … : tuy nhiên (có th đ ng cu i / gi a câu)
ơ
ậ
Nevertheless, … : tuy v y (trang tr ng h n However)
ươ
ng ph n)
While = Whereas …: trong khi (n i 2 ý t
Ạ Ệ Ọ 53) NGO I L Đ C /id/ khi thêm –ed:
ổ ớ
ạ ắ ổ
ầ
ằ * aged : có tu i là, l n tu i (adj)
* blessed : th n thánh, thiêng liêng, h nh phúc, may m n (adj)
* crooked : cong, o n, còng (adj)
ườ ề
ng, b n b ỉ (adj)
* dogged : ngoan c
ọ ộ
* learned : h c r ng, uyên bác (adj)
ầ
* naked : tr n (adj)
i, bù xù (adj)
ể ơ
ấ
ổ ấ ạ ố ả ơ
t
* ragged : x xác, t
ộ
* wicked : x u xa, đ c ác, nguy hi m (adj)
ổ
* wretched : kh n kh , cùng kh , b t h nh (adj)
ị
ngườ
ả ườ ồ ế
i quy t ng
ẻ ấ ả
ị ự
ộ
54) PHRASAL VERBS:
Cut down on = reduce the amount of : c t ắ
gi mả
Catch up with = reach the same place as : b t ắ
k pị
Come up against = meet , encounter (g p ặ
ph i) ả
Come up with = think of : nghĩ ra
Drop in on = visit : ghé thăm
Face up to Ving = accept , deal with : ch p ấ
ậ
nh n, gi
Feel up to = feel fit to do : c m th y kho
ớ
ố
Get away with = avoid discovery : tr n đi v i
ế ụ ớ
Get on with = continue with : ti p t c v i
Get round to Ving = find time to do : có th i ờ
gian
Get up to = do, often something wrong : làm
ệ
chuy n gì sai
Go in for = have as a hobby : thích
Grow out of = become too old for : quá già để
Keep up with = stay in the same place as : b t ắ
ị
k p, theo k p
Look down on = disrespect : coi th
Look up to = respect : coi tr ngọ
Look forward to : mong
Make up for = compensate for : b i th
ề
cho, đ n cho
Put up with = bear : ch u đ ng
ế ạ
Run out of = have no more of : h t, c n
Stand up for = defend : ng hủ
ỏ
Ask after = ask for news of : h i thăm
ế ướ
c
Call for = come and collect : đ n r
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ể
ờ ặ
ở
ụ ư
ơ
ả ả ế
ề ơ ắ ầ
ậ
tế
ự ố
ề
ế
ượ ắ ấ c xu t
ọ
ờ ặ ườ ố
ộ
ượ
ng b , nh ng
ế
ổ
ẩ ừ
ệ ế ắ ủ
t c a
ấ
ế ệ
ừ ạ ấ
ờ ầ ế ầ ỏ
i, b qua
Call on = visit : ghé thăm
Come across = find by chance : tình c g p /
th yấ
Come into = inherit : th a kừ ế
ộ
Count on = depend on : ph thu c vào
ế
ả
i quy t
Deal with = take action about : gi
ở
ự
Do without = manage without : t
xoay s mà
không có
ị
Get at = suggest : đ ngh
Get over = recover from : bình ph cụ
Go over = discuss the details : thào lu n chi
ti
Join in = contribute to : tham gia, đóng góp
vào
Live on = have as income : s ng d a vào
Look into = investigate : đi u tra
Look round = look at everything : nhìn quanh
Make for = go in the direction of : đi v ề
ngướ
h
Pick on = choose a person to punish : ch n ai
ạ
ể
đ ph t
Run into = meet by chance : tình c g p
ắ
See about = arrange : s p x p
See to = take care of, attend to : quan tâm, chú
ý
ị ự
Stand for = tolerate : ch u đ ng
ạ
= đ i di n cho, vi
t t
Take after = have the same characteristic as :
gi ngố
Call off = cancel : hu bỷ ỏ
Leave out : ch a l
Make up = invent : b aị Put aside = save : đ dành
Put off = postpone : hoãn
Put sb up = provide accommodation : cho
nhờ
Show sb around = give a guided tour : đ a đi
tham quan (n i nào)
Take over = buy a company, take sb’s place :
ti p qu n, đ m trách
Take up = start a hobby : b t đ u ch i…
Tear up = tear into pieces : xé v nụ
Think over = consider : suy nghĩ kỹ
ử
Try out = use for the first time : th dung
ừ ố
Turn down = refuse an offer : t
ch i
Wear out = make tired : làm m t lãệ
ả
ế
Work out = find a solution : gi
i quy t
ư ỏ
Break down = stop working : h h ng
ổ
Break out = begin suddenly : n ra (chi n
tranh)
Come out = be published : ra m t, đ
b nả
Get away = escape : tr n thoát
Give in = yield : nh
Plead with : nài nỉ
Go off = explode, ring : n , reo
ậ
Look out = watch out : c n th n, coi ch ng
Show off = behave to attract attention : khoe
khoang
Take off = leave the ground : c t cánh
= c i raở
Turn up = arrive : đ n, xu t hi n
Wear off = fade away : m d n, y u d n, phai
d nầ
55) COMMUNICATION:
1/ Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening? – That would be great.
2/ I’m awfully sorry about your carpet. You must let me pay to have it cleaned. – Don’t worry. It’s
all right.
3/ More coffee anybody? – I’d love some.
4/ Excuse me, but is it far from here to Anglesham? – Just keep going along this road.
5/ I wish you wouldn’t smoke in here! – Sorry, shall I open the window?
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ả
ậ ố ụ ậ ự ẽ ề ra không nên phi n làm gì.)
6/ Could you tell me whether this train stops at Hatfield? – I believe it does.
7/ Shall I collect the tickets for you? – That would be a real help.
8/ What would you do in my situation? – I think you should ask for a loan (kho n vay) from the
bank.
9/ How do you do. I’m Bill Thompson. How do you do. (xin chào)
10/ What do you think of my new car? – It’s all right, I suppose.
11/ Do you promise to pay me back at the end of the month? – I promise.
12/ Can I use your phone? – Of course / you can’t / you mustn’t.
13/ Where do you suggest I stay? – I recommend the Hilton.
13/ I can’t stop worrying about my exam tomorrow. – I’m sure you’ll do well.
14/ Would you mind move your bag from the seat? – Oh, sorry.
15/ How kind, you really shouldn’t have bothered. – It was nothing, really.
ạ
ạ
( B n th t t
t b ng, b n th t s l
16/ Is it all right if I use your bike? – Sure, go ahead.
ợ ổ :
ể ộ ồ ồ đ ng ý và không đ ng ý:
T ng h p communication
Chúc m ng:ừ
1. —Well done and congratulations to you. —Thanks very much.
2. —I hope you’ll succeed in everything. —So do I.
3. —I wish you success. —Thank you.
4. —We send you our best wishes. —Thank you very much.
5. —Happy new year ! —Happy new year!( The same to you.)
6. —A merry Christmas to you. —Thank you.
7. —I hope you’ll have a good time. —Thank you.
8. —Happy Birthday! —Thank you.
M i:ờ
1. —Would you like to come to the party? —Oh yes, thank you.
2. —I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday. —I’m sorry, but I can’t.
3. —Will you go dancing with us? —Of course. I'll be glad to.
4. —Will you come to our English Evening? —Yes, thank you.
5. —Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? —OK. When?
6. —You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes.
—OK. Thank you very much.
Bi u l
1. —I think the shop is closed at this time of day.
—No, I think it’s open.
2. —I think foreign languages are more interesting than science.
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i:ỗ
ị ả ề
—I really can’t agree with you. I prefer science.
3. —I think I shall read a book instead.
—Good idea. That’s much better than watching a bad TV Programme.
4. —I don’t think that it's true. He’s always telling strange stories.
—I know. But this time I can’t decide if he is right or not.
5. —I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. —Maybe. But I prefer art.
6. —Don’t think in Chinese when you’re speaking English. —You are quite right.
Xin l
1. —Sorry to trouble you. —That’s all right.
2. —Oh, I am so sorry. —That’s quite all right.
3. —I’m sorry to give you so much trouble. —No trouble at all.
4. —I’m sorry. I lost the key to your bike. —It doesn’t matter.
5. —Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. —It doesn’t matter.
6. —You haven’t paid for it yet. —Oh, I’m really very sorry.
Khuyên b o,đ ngh
1. —The park isn’t far from here. Shall we walk there? —OK.
2. —You’d better close the windows. It’s cold in the room. —All right.
3. —If you are not better by then, I’ll take you to see the doctor.
—OK. Thank you very much.
4. —You must look after yourself and keep healthy. —Yes, I will. Thanks.
5. —The museum is very far from here. Let’s catch a bus, shall we?
—OK. Let's catch a bus.
6. —You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, do it well.
—Thank you for your advice.
ọ ệ
G i đi n:
1. —Hello! —Hello, Bill? —No, this is Sam. —Hi, Sam. This is Mike. How are you?
2. —Hello. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Green?
3. —No. 5 Middle School. —Mr. Green, please. —I’m sorry. Mr. Green is not in.
—When will he be back? —About six this afternoon. —All right. I'll ring again then.
—Very well.
4. —Hello! —Hello, Han Mei. Could I borrow your ChineseEnglish Dictionary please?
—Sorry! It’s not a very good line. Could you speak more loudly?
—Could I borrow your ChineseEnglish dictionary?
—Sure. I’ll bring it to you tomorrow.
—Thank you. Goodbye.
Xin phép:
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ườ i khác:
ỏ ườ ng:
ờ ế t:
1. —Please let me help you. —No, thanks. I can carry it.
2. —Can I see your licence, please? —OK.
3. —May I call you James? —Of course, if you wish.
4. —Could I borrow a pen, please? —Of course. With pleasure.
5. —Excuse me. May I use your dictionary? —Yes, here you are.
6. —May I ask you several questions? —Yes, of course.
Giup ng
1. —May I help you? —Oh yes, thank you.
2. —Let me help you with the bags. —Well, I can manage all right. Thanks just the same.
3. —Can we help you? —I want to go to hospital. But I can’t. My leg hurts.
4. —Must I clean the classroom now? —Oh, you needn’t.
5. —Would you like a cup of tea? —Yes, please.
6. —What can I do for you? —I’d like to have an EnglishEnglish dictionary.
H i đ
1. —Excuse me. Where is the washroom, please? —Oh, it’s over there.
2. —Excuse me. Can you tell me where the bookshop is?
—Look! It’s on the other side of the road.
3. —How far is the post office, please? —Only a few kilometers.
4. —Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?
—Go down this street. At the end of the road you’ll see it.
5. —Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the supermarket?
—Go straight along this road. Then go over the bridge and turn right at the bookshop. You’ll find it.
Mua s m:ắ
1. —What can I do for you? —I’d like some apples.
2. —Where can I buy some stationery?
—Let’s look at the shopping guide. Oh, it’s on the ground Floor.
3. —Could I buy half a kilo oranges? —Certainly. Here you are.
4. —Will you please show me that radio? —Certainly.
5. —How much is the radio? —Ninety yuan.
6. —Good morning, sir. May I help you? —Yes, I’d like to buy a sweater.
ệ
Nói chuy n th i ti
1. —It’s a fine day for a walk. —Yes, the air is nice and clean.
2. —Oh dear! It’s very cold today. —Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes.
3. —What’s the weather like today? —It’s fine.
4. —What’s the weather like in your country now? —It’s very hot.
5. —Lovely weather, isn’t it? —Yes, isn’t it?
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ỏ ờ
:
ấ ả
6. —I missed the weather report this morning. Did you hear it?
—Yes. It said it would be partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest.
H i ngày,gi
1. —Hi, Mary. What time is it now? —It’s about three.
2. —What day is it today? —It’s Wednesday.
3. —Excuse me. Could you tell me what time the plane leaves?
—Certainly. It leaves at ten in the evening.
4. —What’s the time? My watch has stopped. —Let me see. It's five to ten.
5. —Excuse me. Have you got the time? —Yes, it’s six twenty.
6. —Excuse me. Could you tell me the time? —Oh sorry, I don’t have my watch with me.
ộ ẹ
Cu c h n:
1. —Are you free next Wednesday evening? I want to go to the cinema with you?
—Yes, I’d like to.
2. —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?
—I don’t mind. Either time is OK.
3. —Are you free later today? —Sorry, I'm free every day except today.
4. —Are you able to come tomorrow morning? —I think so.
5. —Are you free this afternoon? —Oh no. Will this evening be all right?
6. —I’m busy today. What about tomorrow afternoon?
—That would be fine. Shall we make it nine o'clock?
C m đoán,c nh báo:
1. —Don’t climb that ladder! It’s broken. —OK. Thank you.
2. —Look out! There’s a car coming. —Oh, thank you.
3. —You mustn’t play on the street. It’s dangerous. —No, we won’t.
4. —Don’t touch the machine when it is working. —No, I won’t. Thank you.
5. —You are not allowed to smoke here. —Oh, I’m sorry.
6. —You can’t walk your dog in the park. —Oh, I’m sorry. I’ll never do it again.
Đi bác sĩ:
1. —I’m feeling tired, doctor. —Have a good rest and then you’ll feel better.
2. —How are you feeling today? —I’m feeling even worse.
3. —Doctor, she is not feeling well. —Nothing serious, I hope.
4. —Doctor, do I have to take the medicine before or after meals?
—Three times a day after meals.
5. —What’s the matter? —I’ve got a headache.
6. —What’s your trouble?
—I’ve had a pain in my stomach since morning.
DienDanTiengAnh.Net
Showing interest
1. Uhhuh!
3. Right!
3. Really?
4. That's interesting! 5. And?
6. What then?
7. Oh?
8. What happened next?
4. Could you give me / us an example of...?
5. Could you explain in more detail...?
Showing that you're listening
1. Now, you mentioned...
2. So, that's how...?
3. Yes, I was going to ask you about that...
Thanking and responding
1. Many thanks.
2. Thanks a lot.
3. Cheers!
4. That's very kind of you.
5. Thank you very much
6. Not at all.
7. It's a pleasure. / My pleasure.
8. You're welcome.
9. Don't mention it.
10. Any time.
11. That's OK / all right.
12. I'm glad to have been of some help
Apologizing
1. Sorry
2. I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry.
3. Excuse me. 4. Sorry, (it was) my fault.
5. I do apologize.
6. Please accept my apologies.
4. No reason/need to apologize.
5. Don't worry about it
Accepting an apology
1. That's all right/OK.
2. Not to worry.
3. That's quite/perfectly all right.
Talking About Actions
Giving instructions
1. Make sure...
2. Remember... (to do).
3. Be careful... (not to do).
4. Don't forget... (to do)
5. Giving directions 6. Go straight on.
7. Take the first/second on the left / right.
8. Turn left / right.
9. Go along... as far as...
10. Take the number 7 bus / tram.
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14. Look out for..
12. Get off (the bus / tram) at... (place).
13. Carry on until you see...
4. Is everything clear so far?
5. Does that seem to make sense?
Checking someone has understood
1. Are you with me?
2. Did you follow that?
3. Have you got that?
4. After that, ...
5. Finally, ...
8. It might be a good idea if we / you... (do).
9. I think the best way of dealing with this
situation would be to... (do).
10. If you ask me, I think we / you should...
(do).
12. We could...
Sequencing actions
1. First of all, ...
2. Next, ...
3. Then, ...
Making suggestions
1. Shall I / we... (do)?
2. Let's... (do).
3. Why don't I / we... (do)?
4. How about... (doing)?
5. What about... (doing)?
6. I think we should... (do).
7. I suggest that we... (do).
Agreeing to a suggestion
1. Yes, I think that's a good idea.
2. That's probably the best option.
3. Sure, why not? 4. Yes, definitely.
5. By all means. = of course = certainly
6. Good idea!
MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY
THE QUESTION
What is the topic of the passage?
What is the subject of the passage?
What is the main idea of the
passage?
What is the author's main point in
the passage?
With what is the author primarily
concerned?
Which of the following would be
the best title?
The answer to this type of question
can generally be determined by WHERE TO FIND THE
ANSWER
DienDanTiengAnh.Net
looking at the first sentence of each
paragraph.
Ộ Ố Ọ
M T S CÁCH Đ C VÀ PHÁT ÂM:
ặ ạ ướ 1) Khi g p g ch d i ch ữ S :
ạ ệ ầ ữ ớ ườ ư
ữ s phát âm là /s/,nh ng có nh ng ngo i l c n nh là : ng ch
raise, busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason,
bình th
s đ c /ọ z/
ữ
các ch sau:
preserve, poison..
Chữ s đ cọ /ʃ /
sugar,sure
ố ớ
3) đ i v i ch ữ CH
ngườ
ữ ồ k/ g m các ch sau;
CH đ c /ọ ch/ là bình th
CH đ c : /ọ
chemist, ache, christmas, mechanic, architect, character ,chaos... ,technology ,echo...
/ʃ /
CH đ c làọ
machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ,...
ố ớ
4) đ i v i ch ữ H
ừ ủ ữ các chữ H sau đây là h câm
hour, honor, honest (và các gia đình t c a ch này)
5) chữ GH
ọ
ng đ c là / f/
ữ ườ
bình th
ư
nh ng các ch sau GH không đ c:ọ
DienDanTiengAnh.Net
plough, though, although, weigh....
ứ 6) chữ B câm ,khi đ ng sau ch ữ m:
climb, bomb, lamb....
7) W câm: sword
Chữ T , câm
Listen , often
/u/ và /u:/
ố ớ
Đ i v i âm
/u/ g m:ồ
put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book....
/u:/ g m:ồ
food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,.....
ộ ố ữ ế 9) có m t s ch khi thêm vào phía sau thì bi n thành âm khác
say > /ei/
says > /e/
nation > /ei/
national > /a/
south > /au/
southern > /^/
ề
breath > /e/
breathe > /i:/
ể
Sau đây là vài nguyên tác mà mình rút ra trong quá trình xem xét các đ thi, các em có th áp
d ngụ
ệ ắ R :
ế ổ ọ ủ ứ ộ ẽ ệ ắ chữ R khi đ ng sau m t nguyên âm s làm bi n đ i cách đ c c a
*Nguy n t c
Đó là nguy n t c :
nguyên âm đó
ụ
Ví d nhé :
DienDanTiengAnh.Net
ắ
ắ
hot > /o/ ( o ng n )ắ
not > /o/ ( o ng n )ắ
nh ng :ư
mo r n > /o:/ (o dài ) ọ
hat > đ c /a/ (a ng n )
ọ
rat > đ c /a/(a ng n )
nh ng :ư
ha r t > /a:/ (a dài )
ư ầ *Ph ong pháp ấ :
v n nh n
ắ
ớ ẽ ầ ấ ư
ầ
Nguyên t c này nh sau:
Nguyên âm nào có v n nh n (stress) thì s phát âm khác v i nguyên âm không có v n
nh n.ấ
ơ ầ ầ ấ
dài / ( 1 v n xem nh là v n nh n )
ấ ơ ư
ầ
dài / ( v n nh n )
ơ ắ ầ ấ ví d :ụ
her > /
certain > /
nh ng:ư
father > / ng n / ( v n không nh n )
Ọ Ắ CÁC QUY T C ĐÁNH TR NG ÂM:
ừ ế ơ ọ ế QUY T C 1Ắ ộ
: Đ ng t có 2 âm ti t > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti ứ
t th 2
Ex: be'gin, be'come, for'get, en'joy, dis'cover, re'lax, de'ny, re'veal,…
ạ ệ Ngo i l : 'answer, 'enter, 'happen, 'offer, 'open…
ừ ế ọ ơ ế QUY T C 2Ắ : Danh t có 2 âm ti t > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti ứ
t th 1
Ex: 'children, 'hobby, 'habit, 'labour, 'trouble, 'standard…
ạ ệ Ngo i l : ad'vice, ma'chine, mis'take…
ừ ế ọ ơ ế QUY T C 3Ắ : Tính t có 2 âm ti t > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti ứ
t th 1
Ex: 'basic, 'busy, 'handsome, 'lucky, 'pretty, 'silly…
ạ ệ Ngo i l : a'lone, a'mazed, …
ừ ọ ơ ế QUY T C 4Ắ ộ
: Đ ng t ghép > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti ứ
t th 2
DienDanTiengAnh.Net
Ex: be'come, under'stand,
ầ ọ ơ QUY T C 5Ắ : Tr ng âm r i vào chính các v n sau: sist, cur, vert, test, tain, tract, vent, self.
Ex: e'vent, sub'tract, pro'test, in'sist, main'tain, my'self, him'self …
ậ ố ọ ế ứ ữ
: V i nh ng h u t ơ
sau thì tr ng âm r i vào chính âm ti t ch a nó: ee, eer, ese,
QUY T C 6Ắ
ớ
ique, esque, ain.
Ex: ag'ree, volun'teer, Vietna'mese, re'tain, main'tain, u'nique, pictu'resque, engi'neer…
ạ ệ Ngo i l : com'mittee, 'coffee, em'ployee…
ừ : Các t
ậ ố
ọ ế ề ướ ơ QUY T C 7Ắ
có h u t
id, eous, acy, ian, ity > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti là –ic, ish, ical, sion, tion, ance, ence, idle, ious, iar, ience,
c. t li n tr
Ex: eco'nomic, 'foolish, 'entrance, e'normous …
ề ố ầ ọ QUY T C 8Ắ ư
: H u nh các ti n t ậ
không nh n tr ng âm.
Ex: dis'cover, re'ly, re'ply, re'move, des'troy, re'write, im'possible, ex'pert, re'cord, …
ạ ệ Ngo i l : 'underpass, 'underlay…
ừ ọ ơ ế QUY T C 9Ắ : Danh t ghép > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti ứ
t th 1
Ex: 'birthday, 'airport, 'bookshop, 'gateway, 'guidebook, 'filmmaker,…
Ắ ừ ọ ơ ế QUY T C 10 : Tính t ghép > tr ng âm r i vào âm ti ứ
t th 1
Ex: 'airsick, 'homesick, 'carsick, 'airtight, 'praiseworthy, 'trustworth, 'waterproof, …
ạ ệ Ngo i l : duty'free, snow'white …
Ắ ừ ầ ừ ặ ạ ừ ứ ầ
ghép có thành ph n đ u tiên là tính t : Các tính t ho c tr ng t ầ
, thành ph n th hai
ứ ầ ọ ơ QUY T C 11
ậ
t n cùng là –ed > tr ng âm chính r i vào thành ph n th 2.
Ex: ,bad'tempered, ,short'sighted, ,ill'treated, ,well'done, well'known…
Ắ ậ ố ủ ừ ọ ổ QUY T C 12 : Khi thêm các h u t sau thì tr ng âm chính c a t không thay đ i.
ment, ship, ness, er/or, hood, ing, en, ful, able, ous, less
Ex:
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∙ ag'ree – ag'reement ∙ 'happy – 'happiness
∙ 'meaning – 'meaningless ∙ re'lation – re'lationship
∙ re'ly – re'liable ∙ 'neighbour – 'neighbourhood
∙ 'poison – 'poisonous ∙ ex'cite ex'citing
ậ ọ ơ có t n cùng là: –graphy, ate, –gy, cy, ity, phy, al > tr ng âm r i vào
Ắ
QUY T C 13
ứ
ế
t th 3 t
âm ti ữ
: Nh ng t
ừ ướ
d ừ
i lên.
Ex: eco'nomical, de'moracy, tech'nology, ge'ography, pho'tography, in'vestigate, im'mediate,…
Ọ Ố
CHÚC CÁC EM H C T T!!!!