genki 1 an integrated course in elementary japanese1 phần 5

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Bộ giáo trình học tiếng nhật hấp dẫn giành cho các bạn muốn nâng cao trình độ giao tiếp và viết thành thạo tiếng nhật

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B. Glass Activity-Show and tell Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip. Example questions: C. Role Play-Using Dialogue I[ as a model, buy some stamps and postcards.
@5 Uh, 3&< Post At the Office U sefu, Expressions L 3 T, t k t , % ;@c> Cam YOU tak-e care o f thk, please? b?dZ ~z+3 P J Q # Q z ~ ~ { ~ L Z ' ~ L \ ~ Give me fhree 50-yen stamps, please. ?&Ark ' t*/;C-Gs C & L\hxhx 2 ?hx, a 9 H im will it take? maay days I t will be 150 yen. Anothef 100 yen, please. Useful Vocabulary gw counter stamp < aPrf 37 1 Z 7 1 57*3 A a erogramme td 6i postcard 7 He 4. E letter parcel L .3 L t ;- 7 92 , &2EL @E M! airmail surface mail :i (iV i .QV'L 8s %t%ih insurance special delivery + {f;9 ti I 8% registered mail h.1 Zrh Stamps Postcard
B t l p ",I ', a Photo Shop At T & ~ * L , % ~ i L Si? B I L ~ L ~ T , Customer : %f C Excuse w. like a reprznt, plmsa. I'd cIerk : 5 L ~\T~75*, t2 L h, % X d j '1 Shop :if:( Cerfuinly. Would the glossy fiaish be all right? Customer : E ;1:~1, Yes. z z l =2Z % TL. % IS ;* - %a h C ~ @ ~ ~ L 2 T o Shop clerk : Z .b L & i % 3 PZgme fill z yoar name uad telephone number here. n ~ ' \ 3 Ta3T 5, 7* Customer : W h m will if be ready? I - Z J L & ~ 133-35; 13 @ s%TT, Shop clerk : 3 C mi z 1 1% iX, U LA I t will be ready a t three o'clock on the 15th. T37 < f 2 a 13 # 2 % $ # $ 9 5 < 3 ~ h ~ rtk & u n. Please brim thzs receipt. Lf:, E F , S @ L \ L $ T O Customer : ;h&.')3 tl*< All ri&ht T h a ~ kou. y #!19;tr~Z?Z*~~\4Lf=, S hopclerk: Thank you very much. Useful Vocabulary %3@L reprint 1 5- %i E R development IfLF %iR& 9 glossy finish :if:< %?rrQ L mat finish : if:( 7 9 197 panoramic F z5-f slide 1 7'12). Sfl negative print 1 I-fL z J! h date/time something is ready 7 .F IL A film ( I %% 2 4;EtlV 24-print roll battery Y Th.lj jb\ .& \#% T 2 % 3 -disposable 91 3 & 2 % I 1 camera receipt t It& V 5. 7
jy-bshCT)-FJ A Day in RobertYs'Life D i a l o g u e A a t PL1 a in the class. @ After class. @ On the bus.
Prof. Yamashita: Robert, pIease read the next page. Robert: . . . Prof. Yamashita: Robert, please wake up. You cannot sleep in the class. Robert: Mr. Yarnashita, I forgot to bring the textbook. Prof. Yamashita: Please bring your textbook with you. W e use i t everyday. Robert: I understand. I'm sorry. Sue: Robert, you had a hard tirne today. Robert: Yes. M ay I borrow your notebook later, Sue? sue: Yes. Robert: T hank you. I'Il return it soon. Sue: Robert, we will have a test tomorrow. Robert: Really? Sue: Yes. Y ou were absent from the class last Friday. (That's why you didn't know about it.) Robert: Well then, I'll g o home and study today. Old woman: Excuse me. Does this bus go to the city hospital? Robert: Yes, it does. Take this seat, ma'am. Old woman: No, thank you. I'lI get off soon. Robert: Is that so? Then, shall I carry your bag? Old woman: Thank you.
S& % h a& money * i%C2#53,4, grandmother; old woman #SViaG g ag bath ST hl k C kanji; Chinese character %?w * ,4~5h*t1 textbook ,+a t&t@? this week iW%%f!% * tkkUi*l9 WL Municipal Hospital * 93- ;k next video game electricity train baggage page window night next week next year tough (situation) U-verbs E&, -?LC 2% to play; to spend time pleasantly .j; ,{ % ~ \(Q 3 t o hurry %;B,gttA& otakeabath ~2.5c i a ~ ~ & l t to return (things) ( persm C thing & ) t (- 2 to turn off; to erase ta die ( seat 1 :) to sit down to stand up t o smoke ( me) t ouse bemm/tmk 2 ) to help * Words that appear in t h e dialogue
.. .) (I) t o b e absent (from k -4) (2) to rest (- to open (somethhg] to teach; to instruct 2 (persm k = f h i ~ g ) FPV 6 to get off (- 2 ) to borrow (persora it thiag & 1 %3 b (%2 1 to close (something) b ( -%) t oturnon qd'f haCf b to make a phone call T h b 5 & hi) b %%3? (perso# I t ) 6 &% to forget; to leave behind (-2) Verbs Irregular T (- 2 9h-C 4 to bring (a person) %7 7 (- 2 ) & * & 9 f
making requests (". . . , please.") = giving and asking for permission ("You may . . . /May I: . . . "I stating that something is forbidden ("You must not . . ."I forming a sentence that describes two events or activities. ("I did this and did that.") The conjugation paradigm of te-forms is fairly complex, as we need to learn separate rules for ru-,u-, nd irregular verbs. Furthermore, the rule for %-verbss divided into five a i submles. First, with m-verbs, the rule is very simple: Take & off and add T . ru-verbs + Bz < Sa Il q f; U-verbs come in several groups, based on the final syllable of their dictionary forms. 1 3 , 3 ,and b u-verbs with final ' As we discussed in Lesson 3, some verbs that end with the hiragana S are m-verbs and some others are u-verbs. The rule of thumb for determining which verb is which is t o examine tke vowel before the frnal 4 syllable. If the vowel is n , o , or u ,the verb, without any exceptions, is an u-verb. If the vowel is either a' or e , the verb can be either an u-verb or a m-verb. Statisticdly speaking, there are many more m-verbs, than u-verbs in t he i and e m camp, but there are m any important verbs in the minority, m such as A b (to enter), and % 5 I to return). IS. d% . { : -. . } .a m .*-im om .-verbs {. . = often, but not always, m-verbs .ways = + em1 ...Urn As far as k-forms are concerned, we observe that u-verbsthat end with d will have a small 9, -verbs m that end w ith $ do not.
+ ts u-verbs with final 6 ,13, nd & a I + ShC s3 d &- A- al is *- < u-verbs with final T here is an important exception in this class: < u-verbs with f inal + ZLIr %< *A- u-verbs with final 3 + 3-T Z L7 Biz < 6 , and compound verbs built with them, conjugate as The irregular verbs T & and follows. irregular verbs TZi t7 3 Note that te-forms and stems (the f oms you find before 3 ?) are totally different con- structs in t he a-verb camp. A common mistake is t o assume that the simple paradigm 3 9) overs the u-verbs also, thus corning up c provided by t he ra-verbs ( &KT and 6 f; with unwarranted forms such as x 4 2 .~ (see -%L 3 5 f ) and x %& f (see % A4. TI. It is \f -* I h I & probably easier, at this stage of learning, to memorize each verb as a set, as in % < 6- h. Q 3 T-TiW\T, than to apply the conjugation rules on the spot. Refer to the verb conjuga- 6- tion table at the end of this volume.
< E 3 1 % to make a polite request ta mother perwn Use a verbal & - f m together with 2 "please do . . . for me. FS % f+ t r a , F - 7 % M b ~ \ +& (33 L l 0 { 3ri Please listen t o the-tape thaf goes with the t atbook. r%;?_-c7"i3~\, T A$*L, { 3;d; kL Excuse me. Pleuse teach me a little. (= Tell me, I need your advice.) A verbal ie-form plus % i x b \ TT means ''you may do . , . ," which describes an activity that is permitted. To ask for permission, you can turn it into a question sentence, -- -C & ~lb\T-ifBS. May I see the textbook? Yes, may. you T o deny somebody permission to do something, you can use the t e-formp lus i2 I \ l-f 2 % h. No, you m y not see the textbook. , Describing Two Activities You can use a tiifam if YOU want to combine two or more verbs, as in decribing a sequence of events or actions f"I did this and then I did that"). In other words, the te-form does the work of "and"with verbs. (Note that two verbs cannot h e joined by E , which only connects n o w . ) 1 -1.6?E3T, ~ ' - L 2 - f 0 5- I will borrow her notebook xerox i. t land 21f you are talking to a very close friend o r a member of your family, a te-form, by itself, can be used as a request. O pm the w idow, will E5?aF1l-fT0 you? *r h
-+ma, * s $ i = s a sta ~ i . ; , ~, 5 < L- +c313 L; I got ap a t s ix a d s fudied ?Say &9i=?f7 , & k L * t & & @ ' t k 3 . &~~ 7 U.6 Li(Ti r> Let's go t o the cafeferia ondf=haoel mch. The te-form of a verb can also be used to connect a verb more "loosely7'with the rest of a sentence. In the first example below, the verb in t he te-form describes the manner in which the action described by the second verb is performed. I n the second example, the te-form describes the situation for which the apology is made. 1 \*rct=%7
O r to a person who is carrying a heavy bag: R @&R't;$t a Shall I carry your bag? b 7 Expression ~ o t s r a - ,- i!E< / E-E \ b Although both Btl and S F < mean "late,"they have different L B 'f and 2Z C is an adverb. B b l modifies nouns st 8 usages, since Bt h is an adjecbve =- s+ l.p or works as a predicate, and B < modrfies verbs. SF A : 3 @4--@t~XF£9L7~, I wenftobedlatmeo'cbckyesterday. w9 C k2 I f's h te. B : Bl.~T-T;Ba, *? B L~$Y~~~~~&~~T~ B Z t z i 2 . +@Z+*3&23T. Cwi C LrpSt 7 Bb B Sf On weeken$ I get a p momd 10:UO and eat k t e Breakfasf. I went t o bed late yestwduy. P D 3 , s
RE9 Practice nh L @5 d *6M137< fSL1 !("pb" Z %E A. Change the following verbs into te-forms. @ 36 37 Example: + LC 5. ( b 4. h L ( 3. 2.h.j 6. $ 9 1 . 7. & : l l . ~ \ { 1 2. & b 936 8. Z 6 1 0 L LI 3 15. 7 . 4 52 13. 1 8. Let's s ing a te-form song! (Battle Hymn of the Republic) @ $577 2 7 J l * h3 39-r YzJ Y9-C La L LT LC hi: ;.Ah 1 fL-C L \ + C ha{ 75a~hT k\?bhT khfd u -verb k -form $74 L\T 7 )2. /T{ v b * + : (repeat twice) L T u-verb te-form 'jf C. What will you say when you want someone to do the following things? < f 3 3 Z. @ 7 { J! 3 L 7 Example: to speak slowly \, + I l ta' 2 . to write a letter 1. to calI you tomorrow 4 . to drink tea 3 . t o open t he window 6 . to bring a drink 5 . to teach you kanji 8 . to come with 7. to w ait f or you YOU 1 0. t o return your book 9. to go to a hospital 12. t o stand up 11. to bring a friend
D. What would you say in the following situations? < f?3 ?? h? Example: ho a rr h Ex. (1) E. Pair Work-Make your own request, such as "Please stand up" and "Please take a picture," and ask your partner to act it out. T' < '233 Example: A : 3 - k - 2 B pretends to drink coffee. >, + 0 A. You are staying with a host family. Ask your host family for permission to do the following things. @ Y 5 - L l s ' $kK T % ~ , h ~ \ T - j - h ~ , Example: K
B. What would you say in the following situations? Make sentences with --T%t\ L ITq;h\. 1 . You are in dass. You realize you need to g o to the bathroom as soon as possible. 2. You are in class. You feel sick and want to return home. 3 . You have forgotten to do the homework. You are sure you can bring it in tomorrow. 4 . You want to ask your teacher something, but you cannot phrase i t in Japanese. 5. You want to smoke in a coffee shop, and there is someone sitting nearby. 6 . You are at a friend's house, and suddenly remember that you need to make a phone call. 7. You have run into a celebrity. Conveniently, you have a camera with you. 8 . You have arrived at a classroom. The air is stuffy. 9 . You and your friend are in a dark room, and you feel somewhat uncomfortable. C. You are a strict parent. Tell your child not t o do t he following things using the cues in A. @ ? bW??R& ~ i - L $k , % T E ~ t \ ~ ? ~ ~ A / . 2 Example: + k D. Tell the class what we can and can't do at school and at a host family's house. Example: %%?T 1% t 2 %7 T t;f 3 -@ b o Iif fz \ d:~;? 9- b 7 Y E 'I - (host M 9 Gcr"$fi-k;RZb=A-z~ % t h b \ T T , T $2 y ) %is 3 . 6 lit\ @ as% ~ E ~ T , J - ~ - E E R ~ B $ B m $3 A. Look at t he pictures below a nd combine the pictures using te-forms. @ ~-k-??&&aT, Example: $ d&i3 T , n 6% tj Ex. +
6. Change the following into te-forms and make the rest of the sentences. %&$T, $$~~%A~~. Example: + A? % L L;:X, h 3 i+ k W=e{ I . & f-:%m5 =I % b=%4 %L*2%9 & 3- 2- h +* l it t& r $i I3 5 . S B,% G ch% 6 . A Yt3T { &T:.% I=*$ 4- A Lf i4 . Ersb:< lit? I, @I\";(EIu3bd0 ~ ~ h 3 % ! l $ ~ h ; b \ 6 0 a h'h 1; A. Add reasons to the following sentences. Example: ~ ~ Z E t 3 k 3 3 - P ' ~ 2 ~ X E = 3 k 3 3 . T O Bn7&%h3*&hxb. % - + U h.X. W 0 1. kSt33i%TL%2 &m&&GR2*h, 2. 2 WALni k P l%-X, & .L 3 n -,j y y x - m a a L ~ Z , 3. ; ~ ~ Q I L ; C F ~ = / G C ~ ~ 4 ~= c-f I\ 3 TT, 5. (name of a friend) fi'A8 -f f.~b
each other why you think the following. B. Pair Work-Ask Z*, (name of a movie) 2 R 3 To 3. . L~jl3 k 4 . 3 c?) 9 (name of a restaurant) i c e 3 3 L t z 't, l, 5 . G *breth*h& 3 a *A,, &a). 6. ~ + i ; f : a + ~ 2 ~ ~ t ~ - t s r ; / , KL>ri 13& Z f: %I~C~X, (name of a place) &I% 3 3 To 7. ~~, &L>Llp3 II 8. I ; r % $ 2 Z ~ ~ a ? , L' T XILc h* t Lb 9f1? t o do the following things, using Pair Work-Propose
@ $ &bJCDR# (Review Exercises) ;nhJ @3 L A . Role Play-Play the roles of A and B with your partner. Example: Example-B Example-A You are going on a trip tomorrow. You are short of money and want 1 1 ( ( 1 You don't have money to lend to t o borrow some money from your 1 y our friend. friend. 1-B You just bought a brand-new car You have a date tomorrow and and don't want anyone to use i t. want to borrow a car from your friend. 2-A You have a big test in Japanese You Iost your Japanese textbook, and need your textbook to prepare b ut you need to s tudy for a test for the test. tomorrow. 3-A 3-B You asked your friend to r eturn You are asked t o r eturn your friend's video today, b ut you for- your video today. You need it got to bring it. You w ant t o return today because you want t o watch it tomorrow. it together with another friend. I
4-B You just baked a cake for your You are now in your friend's mother's birthday. Your friend is house. You see a cake that looks ( I in your house now. very delicious. You love cakes. B. Answer the following questions. . T - "1 , -+Sol%,Qi: 2 L 3 t h x , ( ~ n s w e r ith w 1. "% lni17 CCvLlpi ? #@3,d : ( his J & L s L f z c , E (~nswerwith"~~.~.") 2. r3 Z-Ct @Ig@TR2 b b a ~ \ 1 3 3 * h $ ~ ~ tT 3. L L ? Y X , 21: g * a + T k l f z 2R7 7 % ~ ~ ~ ~ T - $ h X 0 4. T t**. f/yL+ A Ft=rn&%3-c33Tfix0 5. t i t;'r\8( k { %* r t 3kJ ! 2 6. a ThL *a,%-3B2S$L3L k f i A o 7. +?/dm+ hf C*(f;'rl FY b r 3 r ~ - A P a v ta c WM. 8. i~;ps., L 3 #L m er k ( S 6@ L L & + E L Lifi$%o , \~ 9. T -b 7~;' EISB-r-k { *24% '3 2 " p h lo. z Ll*/" l3.L il- L t; ? 7-7fW-&2d-6+, 1. 1 r-t
Usekr! Expressions 39TCW ;&I:#&% I I i AS (turn left) (turn right) k o straight) -.z7 a a E %2 % t -&7F% Q IB2&4:@;tr2& =-s,€i n 0 u: fl f LJLZi AS 2 2 .t iibt~ at, (turn right at the first signal) (turn left at the second corner) S~r)&@l S 3'@ c k*d i b 1 kt; &'t-'l6'b htj (cross the street) (left side of the street) (right side of the street)

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