GSM and UMTS (P14)

All voice codecs include speech coding (source coding), channel coding (error protection and bad frame detection), concealment of erroneous or lost frames (bad frame handling), Voice Activity Detection (VAD), and a low bit rate source controlled mode for coding background noise. The codecs operate either in the GSM full-rate traffic channel at the gross bit rate of 22.8 kbit/s (FR, EFR, AMR-WB), or in the half-rate channel at the gross bit rate of 11.4 kbit/s (HR), or in both (AMR). AMR and AMR-WB have also been...