Bai 6
KY THUAT DUA CHAT DINH DUONG VAO CO THE
An uong trong dieu tri benh rat quan trong no giup CO the ngtfdi benh du
kha nang chong lai benh tat va phuc hoi stfc khoe. Vi vay bang moi cach ngtfdi
dieu dtfdng phai dap tfng nhu cau dinh dtfdng cua ngtfdi benh. Co the ap dung
cac hinh thtfc sau day de dtfa chat dinh dtfdng vao cd the:
- Dtfdng mieng.
- Dtfdng tinh mach.
- Bang ong thong qua:
+ Mui mieng vao da day.
+ Da vao thang da day.
+ Hau mon (it stf dung vi kern hap thu va it co hieu qua).
A. CHO N G l/O l BENH An BANG DUONG MIENG
Mgc TIEU
1. Trinh bdy diidc tam quan trong cua thiic an ddi vdi ngitdi benh.
2. Trinh bdy diidc nhdng thay doi tdm ly cua ngiidi benh trong an uong va thdi
d$ cua diiu diidng khi cho ngiidi b$nh an. ’ . r
3. Cho ngiidi benh an diidc bang diidng miqng theo dung quy trinh ky thuat.
1. tAm QUAN TRONG CUA THlfC An DOI V 6 l NGlTCl BENH
- Cung cap cac chat va nang ltfdng de cd the ton tai, phat trien va chong lai
benh, tat dong thdi hoi phuc stfc khoe.
- An uong co vai tro quan trong ngang nhtf thuoc trong dieu tri benh vi
vay phai tuan thu theo che do an ma thay thuoc da quy dinh.
2. NHtfNG THAY DOI TAM LY CUA NGUOl BENH VE AN UONG VA
VAI TRO CUA DIEU DlTCfNG
2.1. Nhtfng thay doi tam ly cua ngtfdi benh
- Khi bi benh, tfim ly cua ngtfdi benh trong &n uong co nhieu thay doi so
vdi luc khoe. Ngtfdi benh c6 the fin it, khong thich an hoac ghe sd khi
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nhin thay thtic an hay chi thich mot mon an nao do (an ngot, man. nhat,
an nong, an lanh...). Vi vay ngtfdi dieu dtfdng can phai quan tam nghien
ctiu van de nay mdi co the lam tot viec san soc an uong cho ngtfdi benh.
2.2. Vai tro cua ngtfdi cua dieu dtfdng
• Tii the tac phong, thdi do.
- Tti khi chuan bi tdi khi cho ngtfdi benh an xong dieu dtfdng phai luon
gitf dtfdc thai do an can niem nd, dong vien de ngtfdi benh de ho an het
khau phan.
- Trang phuc gon gang sach dep.
- Khong de mong tay dai, khong danh mau mong tay.
- Giai thich cho ngtfdi benh hieu dtfdc che do an benh ly.
- v Lang n^he y kien cua ngtfdi benh gop y ve ky thuat che bien, chat ltfdng
cua khau phan an de thay doi vao btfa sau.
• Chuan bi thiic an.
- Thtfc an phai dam bao mdi che bien khong oi thiu.
- Khong cho nhtfng gia vi ngtfdi benh khong thich, nhtfng chat mau vao
thtfc an.
- Chuan bi thtic an dung vdi thtfc ddn, vtia du trong mot btfa.
• Chuan bi do dung.
- Khay thtic an phai sach dep.
- Bat, dia, thxa, dua, khan hoac giay an phai dam bao ve sinh.
• Trinh bay khay thiic an.
Bat, dia thtic an phai trinh bay kheo 16o, dep mat.
• Thdi gian cho ngiidi benh an.
Cho ngtfdi benh an dung gid (dung btia), de ngtfdi benh an het khau phan.
3. QUY TRiNH KY THUAT CHO N G l/d l BENH AN
3.1. Xem ho sd benh an va chuan bi ngtfdi benh
• Xem ho sd
- Xem chi dinh thtic an.
- Dtfdng dtfa thtic an.
- So' ltfdng thtic an.
• Chuan bi ngiicfi benh.
- Thong bao va giai thich de ngtfdi benh chu£n bi ca nhan trtfdc.
- Sap xep lai gitfdng benh cho gon gang.
- Chuan bi ttf the ngtfdi benh cho thich hop. ,<
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+ Tu the ngoi ap dung cho ngiidi benh tinh, khong di lai dtfdc.
+ Tu the n^m ap dung cho ngtfdi benh qua yeu hoac do benh khong chd
phep d ttf the ngoi neu do yeu cau dieu tri phai n&m d tu the dau thap
khi an can gitf nguyen d ttf the do hoac nhtfng ngtfdi benh co ton
thtfdng than kinh (liet ntfa ngtfdi, roi loan hoat dong tieu nao...).
3.2. Chuan bi ngtfdi dieu dtfdng
- Dieu dtfdng cd du ao, mu, khau trang.
- Rtfa tay thtfdng quy.
3.3. C huan bi d u n g cu
- M6t khay chtf nhat to,m6t khan bdng td quang trtfdc ngtfc ngtfdi benh.
- Hai khan bdng nho: mot khan riia mat va lau mieng sau khi an, mot
khan de lau kho tay.
- Thtfc an theo chi dinh, thtfc an trang mieng (trai cay hoac banh ngot).
- Bat nho, dia, hai thia, dua, dao, dia..., coc ntfdc uong.
- Chau ntfdc sach de rtia mat, riia tay trtfdc khi an.
- Nilon trai len canh gitfdng de dat chau ntfdc.
- Khay qua dau de dtfng ntfdc xuc mieng.
- Tui dtfng do ban.
3.4. Ky thuat tien hanh
- Day xe thiic an den gitfdng
ngtfdi benh.
- Giup ngtfdi benh d ttf the
thuan ldi.
- Trai nilon canh gitfdng, dat
chau ntfdc, lau mat, rtta tay
cho ngtfdi benh va tham kho. Hinh 6.1. Ho tro ngtfdi benh ttf an tai gitfdng
- Quang khan bong to trtfdc
ngtfc, cho ngtfdi benh xuc mieng.
- Lay thiic an ra dia hoac bat thich hdp, kiem tra nhiet do cua thiic an.
- Co the cho gia vi len tren thiic an neu can thiet.
- B6n tvttig thia nho cho ngtfdi benh an.
- Thiic an long ma ngtfdi benh cl ttf the nam ngiia can chu y cho an it mot
tranh s&c.
- Dong vien de ngtfdi benh an het khau phan.
- Cho ngudi benh an trang mieng, xuc mi§ng va uong ntfdc.
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- Lau mieng cho ngtfdi benh, dat ngtfdi benh d ttf the thoai mai.
- Dan ngtfdi benh nhtfng dieu can thiet trtfdc khi rdi khoi gitfdng.
3.5. Thu don dung cu va ghi ho sd
- Do thtfc an thtfa vao thung chtfa.
- Rtfa sach khay va cac dung cu khac bang ntfdc va xa phong.
- Lau kho va de vao ndi quy dinh.
- Ghi ho sd:
+ Ngay, gid an, khau phan an, so ltfdng, loai thtfc an.
+ Ngtfdi benh ttf an hay can giup dd, ly do.
+ Dieu dtfdng ky ten.
Bang 6.1. Bang kiem ky thuat cho ngtfdi benh an b&ng dtfdng mieng
TT Ndi dung Cd Khong
• Chuan bj ngtfdi benh
1Xem y lenh, bao cho ngifdi benh biet viec Seip lam.
2Giai thich, dong vien de ngtfdi benh yen tam.
• Chuan bj ngtfdi dieu dtfdng
3Dieu dtfdng co day du mO, ao, khau trang, rura tay thtfdng quy.
• Chuan bj dung cu
4Khay chtf nhat to, mot khan bdng to, hai khan bdng nho.
5 Thufc an theo y lenh.
6Cd'c ntfdc chin, bat nho, hai thia, dia.
7Chau ntfdc sach, nilon, tui dtfng do ban, khay qua dau.
• Ky thuat tien hanh
8Dat ngtfdi benh d ttf th^ thuan ldi.
9Trai nilon canh gitfdng, dat chau ntfdc, lau mat, rura tay cho ngtfdi
benh va tham kho.
10 Quang khan bdng to trtfdc ngtfc, cho ngtfdi benh sue mieng.
11 Muc thtfc an ra bat nho, kiem tra nhiet do cua thtfc an.
12 Bon ttfng thia nho cho ngtfdi benh an.
13 Dong vien de ngtfdi benh an het khau phan, cho ngtfdi benh u6ng
ntfdc.
14 Lau mieng, bo khan quang cd, giup ngtfdi b£nh n&m lai ttf th^ tho&i
mai.
15 Dan ngtfdi bdnh nhufng dieu can thi6t trtfdc khi ra kh6i gitfdng.
• Thu d?n dung cu
16 Thu don dung cu, ghi phi£u cham sdc.
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B. NUOI Dl/OfNG N G l/d l BENH QUA ONG THONG DA DAY
M y c TI^U
1. Neu dtfdc cac trtfdng hQp dp dung va khong dp dung khi cho ngtfdi benh an
bdng ong thdng (sonde).
2. Tien hanh dtfdc ky thuat cho ngtfdi benh an bdng ong thong theo dung qui
trinh.
1. cAc TR UO NG H O P Ap d u n g , k h o n g Ap d u n g
1.1. Cac trtfdng hdp ap dung
- Tre de non, phan xa mut - nuot kern.
- Ngtfdi benh hon me, co giat.
- Nhtfng ngtfdi benh khong nhai dtfdc, khong nuot dtfdc.
- Di dang dtfdng tieu hoa (stit moi, hd ham ech...).
1.2. Cac trtfdng hdp khong ap dung
- Ton thtfdng thtfc quan:
bong acid, kiem. Ap xe
thanh hong. Lo thong thtfc
quan.
- Hep khit mon vi, tac ruot.
- Hon me chtfa dat dtfdc ong
noi khi quan.
- Viem phuc mac sau thung
tang rong.
2. QUY TRINH KY THUAT
2.1. Xem ho sd benh an - chuan bi ngtfdi benh
• Xem ho scf: chi dinh cua thay thuoc, ten ngtfdi benh, dtfdng cho an, so ltfdng
vh loai thiic in.
• Chuan bi ngildi benh.
- Thdng b&o v& giai thich cho ngtfdi benh hoftc ngtfdi nha biet ve thu thuat
s&p lam.
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