PHAN LOAI VA QUAN LY CHAT THAI BENH VIEN
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Bai 10
MUC Tl£U
1. Neu dtfdc khdi niem, cach phan loai chat thdi benh vien.
2. Neu dtfdc muc dich cua viec quan ly, xit ly chat thdi benh vien.
3. Trinh bay dtfdc cdc qui dinh trong quan ly, xtf ly chat thdi benh vien.
1. DAI CLTONG
Chat thai benh vien la chat thai dtfdc thai ra trong qua trinh dieu tri,
chsln doan, cham soc va sinh hoat trong moi trtfdng benh vien. Chat thai benh
vien bao gom tri cac thung thu cha't thai ran, chat thai long, va chat thai khi.
Chat thai benh vien co dac tinh ly hoc, hoa hoc va sinh hoc, vtfa la nguon gay o
nhiem moi trtfdng vtfa la nguon gay benh.
Quan ly chat thai y te nham lam giam thieu cac nguy cd lay nhiem sang
ngtfdi benh, nhan vien y te va ra ngoai cong dong. Ngtfdi lam phat sinh chat
thai phai tien hanh phan loai ngay, thu gom va thai bo chung vao dung ndi,
dung cac phtfdng tien da qui dinh.
T£t ca moi ngtfdi trong benh vien (nhan vien benh vien, ngtfdi benh,
ngtfdi nuoi ngtfdi benh va sinh vien, hoc sinh) deu tham gia quan ly chat thai.
Ho ly, y cong chiu trach nhiem thu gom cac chat thai ttf ndi phat sinh t6i ndi
tap trung chat thai cua benh vien, khoa phong. Nhan vien ve sinh moi trtfdng
chiu trach nhiem duy gom chat thai cua cac vien, khoa phong, van chuyen
chat thai ve ndi tap trung chat thai cua benh vien va xvL ly theo qui dinh.
2. THU GOM CHAT THAI BENH VIEN
• •
2.1. Ch&'t thai sinh ho$t
Gi£y, bao, t&i li§u, khan g$c, cac do dung va vat lieu y te cham soc ngtfdi
b$nh khong dinh mau... thtfc an thtfa, vat lieu dong goi, hoa la, cay, rac quet
don ttf cac s&n nha (trtf cha't thai thu gom ttf cac buong cach ly) va ttf cac khu
vtfc ngoai canh dtfdc thu gon, dtfng vao thung hoac tui nilon mau xanh.
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2.2. Chat thai lam sang khong sac nhpn
Chat thai lam sang khong sac nhon dtfdc thu gom vao thung hoic tui
nilon mau vang bao gom:
- Nhting vat lieu bi tham mau, tham dich cd the va cac chat bai tiet cua
ngtfdi benh (bong, bang, gac, day truyen mau, ong din ltfu...).
- Moi trtfdng nuoi cay va cac dung cu lUu giti cac tac nhan lay nhiem d
trong phong xet nghiem.
- Chat thai dtfdc pham: dtfdc pham qua han, dtfdc pham bi nhiem khuiin,
cac thuoc gay doc te bao, cac loai huyet thanh, cac vaccin song...
- Cac mo, cac to chtfc va phu tang cua cd the (du nhiem khuan hay khong
nhiem khuan).
- Cac chat thai cua dong vat, xac sue vat bi nhiem hoac dtfdc tiem cac tac
nhan lay nhiem.
- Moi chat thai phat sinh tti cac buong cach ly.
- Gang da sti dung.
2.3. Cac vat dung sac nhon
Cac chat thai lam sang sic nhon bao gom: bdm kim tiem, dao mo, pipet, lam
kinh xet nghiem, dia nuoi cay bang thuy tinh, cac lo thuy tinh dinh mau...
Cac loai chat thai nay dtfdc thu gom vao cac hop hoac thung m&u v£ng.
2.4. Cac chat thai hoa hpc, phong xa
- Chat thai hoa hoc bao gom: kim, lo thuy tinh dtfng thuoc va nhting cha't
thai khac hen quan tdi qua trinh dieu tri theo phUdng phap hoa hoc tai
benh vien.
- Chat thai phong xa bao gom: cac dung cu co day cha't phdng xa phat
O sinh trong qua trinh chan doan va dieu tri nhtf kim tiem, ong nghiem,
/ : chai lo dtfng chat phdng xa, ntfdc tieu cua ngtfdi benh dang dieu tri cha't
phong xa...
- Cac chat thai tren dtfdc thu gom vao thung hoac hop mau den.
2.5. Cac diem can chu y
- Moi buong benh can dtfdc trang bi mot thung thu gom cha't thai de thu
gom chat thai sinh hoat.
- Cac buong cach ly, buong tieu phlu thuat, thay bang, buong c£p ctfu,
buong chay than nhan tao, buong xet nghiem, phdng de va nhting ndi
thtfdng xuyen lam phat sinh cha't thai lam sang c&n trang bi th€m mot
thung thu gom cha't thai lam sang khong sac nhon v£ m$t thung thu gom
gang da sti dung. * ,a ,’jl
- Tren xe tiem va xe lam thu thuat cin cd h$p dtfng v£t sac nhon.
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Cac thung thu gom chat thai d khu vtfc buong benh phai luon kho rao va
dtfdc co riia thtfdng xuyen, ben trong moi thung thu gom chat thai luon
dtfdc dat tui nilon co mau sac ttfdng ting vdi mau sac cua thung.
- Moi khoa phong, benh vien can bo' tri mot khu vtfc rieng, co du phudng
tien de lUu giti, tap trung toan bo chat thai theo tting loai.
- Chat thai dtfdc thu gom va van chuyen bang xe chuyen dung, ngay mot lan.
- Tranh van chuyen chat thai qua cac khu vtfc cham soc ngtfdi benh va cac
khu vtfc sach khac.
3. LUU G itf VA TIEU HUY
- Ndi ltfu giti tap trung va tieu huy (16 dot rac) chat thai cua benh vien
phai dtfdc trang bi day du cac phtfdng tien riia tay, bao ho ca nhan, co cac
vat dung va dung cu can thiet de lam ve sinh va xtf ly chat thai.
- Chat thai y te phai dtfdc dot hang ngay.
- Thdi gian ltfu giti toi da la 48 gid.
- Hang ngay hoac toi da la 2 ngay, cha't thai sinh hoat phai dtfdc chuyen
tdi ndi thu gom cha't thai cua thanh pho'. Khong dtfdc to chtic dot chat
thai sinh hoat tai benh vien.
• Chu y:
- Chat thai co nguy cd lay nhiem cao tti phong xet nghiem, phong dieu tri
ngtidi benh HIV/AIDS, giang mai phai dtidc khti khuan tai cho bang noi
hap (autoclave) trtfdc khi dtia di tieu huy.
- Doi vdi mo va cac to chtic, phu tang cua ngtfdi, dong vat (du nhilm khuan
hay khong nhiem khuan) phai dtidc thieu dot ngay hoac chuyen t6i nghla
trang thanh pho' de chon ca't.
- Cac chat thai phong xa, phai dtidc thu gom va xii ly dung theo phap lenh
an toan va kiem soat btic xa va cac qui dinh hien hanh cua nha ntidc.
- Cac chat thai long thtfdng phat sinh tti cac khu vtfc cham soc va dieu
tri, dtidc thu gom qua he thong cong kin tap chung ve ndi xii ly chat
thai long va phai dtidc lang loc, khti khuan bang hoa cha't clo hoat dong
theo dung nong do da qui dinh trtidc khi do vao he thong cong thai
chung cua thanh pho.
CAU h6| TIr LlfpNG GIA
Hoan thien cac c&u sau bang cach chon tti, cum tti thich hdp dien vao cho
trong.
1. Chfift thai b€nh vi$n la cac cha't dtidc thai ra trong qua trinh kham
b§nh ...A
.......
.
cham s6c va....B
.....
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2. Quan ly chat thai y te nham giam thieu cac nguy cd lay nhiem sang
ngtfdi benh, nhan vien y te v a .....A
...........
3. Chat thai lam sang khong sac nhon dtfdc thu gom vao tui nilon hoac
thung mau ....A....
4. Chat thai hoa hoc, phong xa can dtfdc thu gom vao thung mau
.....
A
......
5. Chat thai sinh hoat can dtfdc thu gom vao tui nilon hoac thung
mau....A
......
6. Chat thai benh vien ton tai dtfdi 3 dang.
A: Long.
B
...............................................
C:.............................................
7. Chat thai benh vien vtfa la nguon gay o nhilm moi trtfdng vtfa la
nguon...A....
Phan biet dung, sai cac cau sau bang cach dien dau (V) vao cot A cho
dung, cot B cho cau sai.
TT N$i dung A B
8 Tat ca moi ngtfdi trong benh vi§n deu tham gia quan ly chit thai (ngtfdi
benh, ngtfdi nha, CBYT, hoc sinh....).
9Lo dimg cac loai vaccin thutfc chit thai sinh hoat.
10 Gdng tay da sir dung dtfdc xep vao loai chit thai sinh hoat.
11 Chat thai hoa hoc bao g6m ca cac chit thai khac c6 li&n quan tdi qua trinh
ditfu trj theo phtfdng phap hoa hoc.
12 Ni/6c tieu cda ngudi benh dang ditfu trj chit phdng xa cQng dtfdc coi la
chat thdi phdng xa.
13 Chit thai y ttf phai dUdc dtft 3 ngay/lan.
14 Chat thai co nguy cd lay nhilm cao can phai dtfdc khtf khuln tai ch6 trtfdc
khi dem di tieu huy.
15 Chat thai sinh hoat phai diidc to chtfc dtft ngay tai benh vitfn.
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