Lecture Probability & statistics: Chapter 2 - Bùi Dương Hải

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Lecture "Probability & statistics - Chapter 2: Tables & charts" has contents: Frequency, relative frequency, cumulative table; pie chart; bar chart, column chart; histogram; line chart; radar chart; rcatter plot, bubble chart.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Probability & statistics: Chapter 2 - Bùi Dương Hải

LECTURE 2 – TABLES & CHARTS  [1] Chapter 2, pp. 33 – 79  Frequency, relative frequency, cumulative table  Pie chart  Bar chart, Column chart  Histogram  Line chart, Radar chart  Scatter plot, bubble chart PROBABILITY & STATISTICS– Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 1
Raw data  Data from a customer survey, n = 50 observations No. Sex (Male / Age Waiting time Evaluation Female) (year) (Minute) (VG, G, F, B) 1 Female 43 15 to 20 Bad 2 Male 23 0 to 5 Good 3 Female 36 5 to 10 Very Good … 50 Female 28 10 to 15 Fair PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 2
Frequency & Relative frequency  Frequency table of Gender Sex Male Female Frequency 20 30  Relative frequency (proportion): = ( ) Sex Male Female Relative frequency 0.4 0.6 Proportion, percent 40% 60% PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 3
Pie chart Gender Sex Male Female Male [VAL Freq. 20 30 Female [VAL UE] UE] [PER % 40% 60% [PER CE… CE… Evaluation Evalua Very Very Good Good Fair Bad tion Good Good [VALUE [VALUE Fair [VALUE ] ] Freq. 10 25 9 6 ] [PERCE [PERCE Bad [PERCE NTAGE] [VALUE NTAGE] NTAGE] ] % 20% 50% 18% 12% [PERCE NTAGE] PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 4
Column chart Evaluation Evaluation Freq. % 30 Very Good 10 20% 25 25 Good 25 50% 20 Fair 9 18% 15 Bad 6 12% 10 TOTAL 50 100% 10 9 6 5 0 Very Good Good Fair Bad PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 5
Cross frequency table – Column chart Evaluation Very Good Good Fair Bad Sum Male 6 11 2 1 20 Female 4 14 7 5 30 Sum 10 25 9 6 50 Evaluation by Gender Gender by Evaluation 16 14 14 14 12 11 10 11 8 7 6 6 5 7 4 6 4 5 2 4 2 1 2 1 0 MALE FEMALE VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR BAD Very Good Good Fair Bad Male Female PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 6
Contingency table – Stacked column Evaluation Very Good Good Fair Bad Sum Male 6 11 2 1 20 Female 4 14 7 5 30 Sum 10 25 9 6 50 Evaluation by Gender Gender by Evaluation 35 30 5 14 25 7 20 1 2 15 11 14 11 10 4 7 5 6 5 6 4 0 2 1 MALE FEMALE VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR BAD Very Good Good Fair Bad Male Female PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 7
Cross tab: grand-percent Evaluation Very Good Good Fair Bad Sum Male 12% 22% 4% 2% 40% Female 8% 28% 14% 10% 60% Sum 20% 50% 18% 12% 100% Evaluation by Gender Gender by Evaluation 70% 60% 28% 10% 50% 22% 14% 40% 2% 4% 30% 14% 22% 28% 12% 20% 10% 8% 10% 12% 8% 4% 2% 0% MALE FEMALE VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR BAD Very Good Good Fair Bad Male Female PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 8
Cross tab: Column-percent Evaluation Very Good Good Fair Bad TOTAL Male 60% 44% 22% 17% 40% Female 40% 56% 78% 83% 60% Sum 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Gender by evaluation Gender by Evaluation 100% 83% 40% 56% 78% 83% 78% 80% 60% 60% 56% 44% 60% 40% 40% 44% 22% 17% 20% 22% 17% 0% Very Good Good Fair Bad VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR BAD Male Female Male Female PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 9
Cross tab: Row-percent Evaluation Very Good Good Fair Bad Sum Male 30% 55% 10% 5% 100% Female 13% 47% 23% 17% 100% GRAND 20% 50% 18% 12% 100% Evaluation by Gender Evaluation by Gender 60% 55% 5% 10% 17% 50% 47% 40% 23% 30% 55% 30% 23% 20% 17% 47% 13% 10% 10% 5% 30% 13% 0% MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE Very Good Good Fair Bad Very Good Good Fair Bad PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 10
Scale variable: Column chart Age 23 26 28 32 35 36 38 40 43 47 50 54 58 63 Sum Freq. 1 2 2 2 4 3 5 8 7 4 5 4 2 1 50 % 2% 4% 4% 4% 8% 6% 10% 16% 14% 8% 10% 8% 4% 2% 100% 9 Age of customer 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 23 26 28 32 35 36 38 40 43 47 50 54 58 63 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 11
Scale variable: Column chart Age 23 26 28 32 35 36 38 40 43 47 50 54 58 63 Sum Freq. 1 2 2 2 4 3 5 8 7 4 5 4 2 1 50 % 2% 4% 4% 4% 8% 6% 10% 16% 14% 8% 10% 8% 4% 2% 100% 9 Age of customer 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 12
Column chart: Grouped data 20 – 25 – 30 – 35 – 40 – 45 – 50 – 55 – 60 – Age Sum 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 Freq. 1 4 2 12 15 4 9 2 1 50 % 2% 8% 4% 24% 30% 8% 18% 4% 2% 100% Age of customer 30% 24% 18% 8% 8% 2% 4% 4% 2% 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 13
Column chart: Histogram Age 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 Sum Freq. 5 14 19 11 1 50 % 10% 28% 38% 22% 2% 100% Age of customer 38% 28% 22% 10% 2% 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 14
Histogram – Cumulative chart Cumula Customer’s Age Age Freq. % tive 40% 38% 100% 100% 98% 90% 35% 20-29 5 10% 10% 80% 30% 28% 76% 70% 30-39 14 28% 38% 25% 22% 60% 40-49 19 38% 76% 20% 50% 38% 40% 15% 50-59 11 22% 98% 10% 30% 10% 20% 60+ 1 2% 100% 5% 10% 2% 10% 0% 0%  Also called: Ogive, 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ Pareto chart % Cumulative % PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 15
Histogram Waiting time (minute) 25 100% 100% Waiting Cumula Freq % 96% time tive 90% 20 86% 20 80% [0 – 5) 15 30% 30% 70% 70% 15 15 60% [5 – 10) 20 40% 70% 50% 10 40% [10 – 15) 8 16% 86% 8 30% 30% 5 [15 – 20) 5 10% 96% 5 20% 2 10% 20+ 2 4% 100% 0 0% 0-5 5 - 10 10 -15 15 - 20 20 + Freq. Cummulative % PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 16
Distribution shape  Symmetric and Asymmetric distribution Negatively skewed Symmetrical Positively skewed Left skewed distribution Right skewed (Bell shaped) Asymetrical / Skewed distribution PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 17
Line chart for Time series Sales of product A and B over time A B 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 18
Combined chart  VN Index and Volume of transaction VIETNAM STOCK EXCHANGE 700 1060 1040 600 1020 500 1000 400 980 960 300 940 200 920 900 100 880 0 860 Volume (VND. Bil.) VN Index PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 19
Radar (Spider web) chart  Same scale variables (multi-dimension) Staff Employee Evaluation Dimension A B Knowledge 80 Knowledge 50 80 Loyalty 85 50 Skill 90 Skill 50 90 50 30 Learning 60 80 60 65 80 Harmony Learning Discipline 65 75 90 60 65 Attitude 80 60 75 Attitude 80 Discipline Harmony 90 65 Loyalty 85 30 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS – Bui Duong Hai – NEU – www.mfe.edu.vn/buiduonghai 20