1

1

R—O—H

2

Ete hóa

2

—

ROH + Na RONa + ½H2.

ot

không

2SO4

ROH + HX (X = Cl, Br) RX + H2O

2

o

Chú ý 130–140 oC –

H SO (®Æc) 4 130 140 C

R—OH + H—OR' R–O–R' + H2O

–O–R (R2O)

R' thì có ba ete: R–O–R, R'–O–R' và R–O–R'.

2

o

170–180 oC –

H SO (®Æc) 4 170 180 C

CnH2n+1OH CnH2n + H2O

2SO4

2

o

VD1:

H SO (®Æc) 4 130 140 C

2

o

oC:

– –140 oC: 2C2H5OH (C2H5)2O + H2O

H SO (®Æc) 4 170 180 C

C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O

1

1 (a) CH3OH + Na (b) CH3OH + NaOH (c) C2H4(OH)2 (d) C3H5(OH)3

a

2

2.

2

ot

ot

3 etanol–

ot

4 (a) CH3 (b) C2H5

askt 1:1

5 (1) C2H5 (2) C2H4 + Br2 (3) C2H4 + HBr (4) C2H6 + Br2

KOH

NaOH

HCl

o

6

2Br /askt 1:1

C H OH, t

2 5

1 – X4

C2H6 X1 X2 X3 X4

2

2SO4

2SO4

2SO4

oC.

7 (a) (b) (c) –

8 (a)

oC.

2SO4

(b)

Pd

2

o

o

9

PbCO , t

H SO (®Æc) 4 170 180 C

3

o

KOH

o

C2H2 + H2 C2H5OH

C H OH, t

1500 C lµm l¹nh nhanh

2 5

C2H5Br CH4

A Chú ý

(a) propan–2–

(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH là ancol isoamylic.

oC.

2SO4

oC.

(b) propan–2–

2SO4

(c) propan–2–

oC.

2SO4

(d)

o

B

–clopropen; cho 3–clopropen tác

C (a) CH3CH2CH2Br thành CH3CHBrCH3. (b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH thành (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3.

CH3CH2OH

(1)

(4)

(3)

(2)

(5)

CH3CH2Br

CH2=CH2

(6)

D

3

2

Chú ý

CH–OH thành C=O.

ot

–

RCH2OH + CuO RCH=O + Cu + H2O

ot

– xeton: ot R2CHOH + CuO R2C=O + Cu + H2O

2 và H2O.

ot

ot

ot

ot

ot

CnH2n+2O + CuO CnH2nO + Cu + H2O

nH2n+2O.

nH2n+2Oa.

E (a) CH3OH + CuO (b) CH3CH2OH + CuO (c) (CH3)2CHOH + CuO (d) (CH3)3COH + CuO (e) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + CuO

nH2nO.

F (a) (b) (c)

2 và z mol H2

G

B) y = x + z. D) y = x – z. A) x = y + z. C) y = z – x.

2

H mol O2

A) x = y. B) x = 2y. C) D) x . x . 2y 3 3y 2

4

2

3

CH2—O—H

HO—CH2

HO—CH2

CH2—O

+ HO—Cu—OH +

+ 2H2O

Cu

O—CH2

CH2—OH

CH2—OH

H—O—CH2

Màu xanh lam

nhau thì không

–R–OH + Cu(OH)2 (HO–R–O)2Cu + 2H2O.

2

I 2–CH2OH (X); HOCH2–CH2–CH2OH (Y); HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OH (Z); CH3CH2–O–CH2CH3 (R); CH3CHOH–CH2OH

làm là

A) X, Y, R, T. C) Z, R, T. B) X, Z, T. D) X, Y, Z, T.

2

2

J

A) etilen. C) propan–1,3 B) etilen glicol. D) glixerol.

K –1,2

A) Na. C) B) H2SO4 D) Cu(OH)2.

5

H

4

nH2n + H2O

– CnH2n+1OH

–

RX + NaOH ROH + NaX.

H

VD2:

enzim

6H10O5)n + nH2O

C2H4 + H2O C2H5Br + NaOH C2H5OH C2H5OH + NaBr

nC6H12O6

enzim

Etanol C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

ot xt

C1: CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 Metanol CO + 2H2 CH3OH

ot , p xt ot , p xt

C2: 2CH4 + O2 2CH3OH

L

KOH/C2H5OH, to

+NaOH/CaO, to

H2

HBr

NaOH

CH3COONa

1500 oC A

to

Pd/PbCO3, to

+H2O

oC

H2SO4

CuO

B C D E F

to

H

oC

H2SO4

Al4C3

G

–

KOH

HCl

HCl

KOH

M –

C2H5OH, to

C2H5OH, to

NaOH, to

H2O, H+

H2O, H+

NaOH, to

D E G B (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br

C C F A

6

Câu

(a) CH3OH + Na CH3ONa + ½H2

3

2

1 (c) C2H4(OH)2 + 2Na C2H4(ONa)2 + H2

(d) C3H5(OH)3 + 3Na C3H5(ONa)3 + H2

2H

ancol

n a 2 R(ONa)a + H2 2 R(OH)a + aNa a 2 n

NaOH + ½H2 3 H2O + Na C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + ½H2

4 (a) CH3OH + HBr (b) C2H5OH + HCl CH3Br + H2O C2H5Cl + H2O

5 1, 3, 4 6 X1 = C2H5Br; X2 = C2H5OH; X3 = C2H5Cl; X4 = C2H4

H SO 2 o

4 140 C

H SO 2 o

7 (a) 2CH3OH (CH3)2O + H2O

4 140 C

H SO 2 o

(b) 2C2H5OH (C2H5)2O + H2O

4 140 C

2 5 2 CH OC H 2 5

3

(c) CH3OH + C2H5OH + H2O (CH ) O 3 2 (C H O) O

H SO 2 o

8 (a) C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br + H2O

4 180 C

(b) C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O

H SO 2 o

9 1, 2, 3 A (a) (CH3)2CHOH + HBr (CH3)2CHBr + H2O

4 140 C

H SO 2 o

(b) (CH3)2CHOH [(CH3)2CH]2O + H2O

4 180 C

H SO 2 o

(c) (CH3)2CHOH CH2=CH–CH3 + H2O

4 140 C

(d) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH

ot

[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2O + H2O

B CH3CH=CH2 + Cl2 CH2ClCH=CH2 + HCl

CH2Cl–CHOH–CH2Cl + H2O

CH2ClCH=CH2 + Cl2 + H2O CH2Cl–CHOH–CH2Cl + 2NaOH

CH2OH–CHOH–CH2OH + 2NaCl

7

C2H5OH

KOH, to

H2SO4

Câu C (a) CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH=CH2 + HBr

180o C

H+, to

(b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 + HBr

H2SO4

(CH3)2CHCH=CH2 + H2O (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3

180o C

H+, to

(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2CH=CHCH3 + H2O

(CH3)2CH=CHCH3 + H2O (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

CH3CH2OH + NaBr

CH3CH2Br + H2O

(1) CH3CH2Br + NaOH (2) CH3CH2OH + HBr (3) CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH

H SO 2 o

4 180 C

KOH

o

D (4) CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 + H2O

C H OH,t

2 5

(5) CH3CH2Br CH2=CH2 + HBr

(6) CH2=CH2 + HBr CH3CH2Br

HCHO + Cu + H2O

(a) CH3OH + CuO (b) CH3CH2OH + CuO (c) (CH3)2CHOH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O (CH3)2CO + Cu + H2O E

(e) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + CuO

ot

(CH3)2CHCH2CHO + Cu + H2O

ot

CnH2n+2O + O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 3n 2

ot

CnH2n+2Oa + O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O F 3n 1 a 2

CnH2nO + O2 nCO2 + nH2O 3n 1 2

KD

G C H D I B J C L A = CH4; B = C2H2; C = C2H4; D = C2H5Br; E = C2H5OH;

F = C2H5Cl; G = (C2H5)2O; H = CH3CHO

B = (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 D = (CH3)2CHCHClCH3 F = (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

M A = (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH C = (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 E = (CH3)2C=CHCH3 G = (CH3)2CClCH2CH3

8