11

R). I).

E).

R R

R

I, E I E

I E

R

I, E

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

H He

CK1

Li Be B C N O F Ne

CK2

R

I, E

CK3

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

CK4

K Ca

VD1:

Al < Mg < Na < K.

1

VD2: a. C, N, F, O. b. S, Cl, P, F.

C < N < O < F.

b.

P < S < Cl < P.

12

KL).

Bz).

Tính phi kim (PK).

Ax).

– Tính phi kim. – Tính axit.

><

R, KL, Bz

I, E, PK, Ax

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

H He

CK1

Li Be B C N O F Ne

CK2

R, KL, Bz

I, E, PK, Ax

CK3

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

CK4

K Ca

(A) P, N, F, O. (C) P, N, O, F. (B) N, P, F, O. (D) N, P, O, F.

2

(A) M < X < Y < R. (C) Y < M < X < R. (B) R < M < X < Y. (D) M < X < R < Y.

M là Na X là Cl

Y là F.

Cách 1: M (Z = 11) X (Z = 17) Y (Z = 9) R (Z = 19) R là K.

– Ta có: Na, K cùng nhóm IA Cl, F cùng nhóm VIIA

Na, Cl cùng chu kì 3

K < Na < Cl < F hay R < M < X < Y

Cách 2:

M (Z =11) 1s22s22p63s1 chu kì 3, nhóm IA.

X (Z = 17) 1s22s22p63s23p5 chu kì 3, nhóm VIIA.

Y (Z = 9) 1s22s22p5 chu kì 2, nhóm VIIA.

R (Z = 19) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 chu kì 4, nhóm IA.

3

–

3

2

Rcation < R < Ranion

X

Y

Z

2

3

R R R

X

Y

Z

R R R

+, Mg2+, O2–, F–.

VD5:

– Ta có:

Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1

Mg (Z = 12): 1s22s22p63s2 Na+, Mg2+, O2–, F–

O (Z = 8): 1s22s22s4 electron là 1s22s22p6

F (Z = 9): 1s22s22p5

2 F , O

2 Na , Mg

R R

2 Mg

Na

2 Mg

Na

F

2 O

F

2 O

2+, Na+, F–, O2–.

– Theo chú ý trên ta có: R R R R R R R R

1

Tính phi kim

4

2

(A (B (C (D

3

A)

B)

C)

D)

4 không

(A

(B (C

(D

5

(A (B (C (D

6

A) B) F, Na, O, Li.

C) D) Li, Na, O, F.

7

A) B) K, Mg, Si, N.

C) D) Mg, K, Si, N.

5

8

(A) M < X < Y < R. (C) R < M < X < Y. (B) Y < M < X < R. (D) M < X < R < Y.

9

(A) F, Cl, Mg, Na, K. (C) F, Cl, K, Mg, Na. (B) K, Mg, Na, Cl, F. (D) K, Na, Mg, Cl, F.

1 (Z = 11), X2 (Z = 19), X3 (Z = 16), X4

A

(A) X2, X1, X3, X4. (B) X4, X3, X1, X2. (B) X4, X3, X2, X1. (D) X2, X1, X4, X3.

B

1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2; 1s22s22p63s23p1

(B) X, Y, Z. (D) Z, X, Y. (A) Z, Y, X. (C) Y, Z, X.

C

1s22s22p5; 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5; 1s22s22p63s23p5

(B) Y, Z, X. (D) Y, X, Z. (A) X, Y, Z. (C) X, Z, Y. Chú ý

D

(A (B (C (D

E

(A) Cl2O7 < Br2O7 < I2O7. (C) Cl2O7 < I2O7 < Br2O7. (B) I2O7 < Br2O7 < Cl2O7. (D) Br2O7 < I2O7 < Cl2O7.

6

F

(A) NaOH < Mg(OH)2 < Al(OH)3. (C) Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, NaOH. (B) Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, NaOH. (D) NaOH, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2.

3+, Ne, O2–

G

1s22s22p6

(A) Al3+, O2–, Ne. (B) Ne, O2–, Al3+.

(C) O2–, Ne, Al3+. (D) Al3+, Ne, O2–.

H Cho các ion Al3+, Na+, Mg2+, F–, O2–

1s22s22p6

(A) Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, F–, O2–. (B) F–, O2–, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+.

(C) Al3+,Mg2+, Na+, F–, O2–. (D) O2–, F–, Al3+, Mg2+,Na+ .

n+ và Y–

n+ và Y–

I Chú ý electron là 1s22s22p6

(A) Xn+ < Y < Y– < X. (B) Xn+ < Y < X < Y–.

(C) Xn+ < Y– < Y < X. (D) Y < Y– < Xn+ < X.

J

(A) Li+, Na+, F–, Cl–. (B) F–, Li+, Na+, Cl–.

(C) F–, Li+, Cl–, Na+. (D) Li+, F–, Na+, Cl–.

7

13

x thì

x 8 – x

VD6:

Nhóm IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

P Na Mg Al Si S Cl

5 1 2 3 4 6 7

P2O5 Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 SO3 Cl2O7

1

HCl 3 PH3 4 SiH4 2 H2S

2O5

VD7:

2O5

3.

(A (C (B) cacbon. (D) photpho.

R

3

.100 % 82, 35 % %m R M R M 3 R

3

(A) Zn. (B) Cu. (C) Mg. (D) Fe.

M

M

%m .100 % 63, 64 % M M M 32

M = 56

M là Fe

8

VD9:

x 0,5955. y

2Oa).

8–a).

(A) clo. (B (C) brom. (D

2M X x .100 % 100 % . 2M X 2M 16a

X M X M 8 a

X

X

0,5955 x y y .100 % 100 % . 2M 16a X M X M 8 a

M X 11,528a 16 0, 809

X vào a ta có:

–

a 4 5 6 7

3722 5147 6572 8000 MX

a 7

X

M 80

3. Trong

K

(A) IIIA. (B) IA. (C) VIA. (D) VIIA.

2O5

L

(A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5.

4

M

(A) XO. (B) XO2. (C) X2O3. (D) XO4.

9

N

là ns2np4

(A) XO, H2X. (C) XO2, XH4. (B) XO3, H2X. (D) XO2, H2X.

O

2O. 2O7.

(A (B (C (D

Chú ý

P RH3

– MAs – MSi

(A) S. (B) As. (C) N. (D) P.

3

Q

(A (B) oxi. (C (D) cacbon.

R

ngoài cùng là ns2np4

B) 27,27%. A)

D) 40,00%. C)

S

A B C D) cacbon.

T

a 2, 75. Nguyên b

(A) cacbon. (B (C) silic. (D) photpho.

10

Câu 1 Câu B Câu L A B

2 C M A B B

3 D N C D B

4 E O B B B

5 A F P B C

6 A G Q D C

7 B H R C D

8 I S C D D

9 J T D A A

A K A C

1

Tính phi kim

11