6H6.

1

H

C

H

H

C

C

C

C

H

H

C

H

Chú ý

nH2n–6 (n

6).

2

ortho

meta

para

1

2

2

6

6

2

6

5

3

5

5

3

3

X X 1 X 1 Y

4

4

4

Y

Y

o, m, p.

1 không

A) C6H5–CH3. C) C6H5–CH=CH2. B) C6H5–CH2CH3. D) C6H5–CH(CH3)2.

1

3

VD1: C6H5–CH2CH3 là etylbenzen.

Khác nhau * + "benzen"

Do "e

VD2:

m"

2

2

4

4

nhóm C2H5

5

5

CH3 3 CH3 3

1

1 CH3

6

6

C2H5

m 1–etyl–3–metylbenzen Chú ý

6H5CH(CH3)2 theo danh pháp IUPAC là isopropylbenzen.

CH3–CH–CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3

6H5CH3

3C6H5CH3

6H5CH(CH3)2

Toluen Xilen Cumen

2

H3C CH3

A) etylbenzen. C) o B) m D)

3

A) C6H5CH(CH3)2. C) C6H5–CH=CH2. B) C6H5CH2CH3. D) C6H5CH3.

2

7H8 là

4

A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4.

8H10 là

5

A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4.

6 (a) (b) CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3

(c) (d) Br Br

Br

Br

(e) (f) C2H5

3

CH3 CH3 C2H5

CH3

X

7 CH3 Cl

A) p–clotoluen. C) m–clotoluen. B) o–clotoluen. D) clobenzen. Br

CH3 8

3

4

• • HNO3 (khi có xúc tác H2SO4

VD3:

Fe o

t

+ Br2 Br + HBr

4

H SO 2 o t

NO2 + HNO3 + H2O

• ankyl. • OH, NH2, OCH3, halogen

CH3

• CHO, COOH. • NO2, SO3H.

Br

CH3

VD4:

CH3

Fe o

t

Br

CH3

Br

+ Br2 + HBr

4

Fe o

A) C6H5–CH(CH3)2. C) C6H5COOH. B) C6H5Cl. D) C6H5OH.

6H6 + Br2

t

A X + HBr

A) brombenzen. C) p–bromtoluen. B) m–bromtoluen. D) o–bromtoluen.

B

A) –CH3, –C2H5, –SO3H. B) –OH, –NH2, –COOH. C) –SO3H, –CHO, –COOH. D) –C2H5, –OH, –Br.

C

Fe o

A) –CH3, –COOH, –COOCH3. B) –NO2, –Cl, –NH2. C) –CH3, –OH, –NH2. D) –NO2, –SO3H, –COOH.

6H5COOH + Br2

t

D

là

6H5–COOH (X); C6H5–CH3 (Y); C6H5–CH(CH3)2 (Z);

A) m–Br–C6H4–COOH. C) o– và p–Br–C6H4–COOH. B) o–Br–C6H4–COOH. D) m–Br–C6H4–COOH.

E C6H5–NO2 (T); C6H5–NH2 HNO3/H2SO4 A) X, T, U. C) X, T. B) Y, Z, U. D) Y, Z.

5

2 thành là xicloankan. VD4:

xt

CH3 CH3

o t , p cao

+ 3H2

Fe, to

CH3 VD5:

+Cl2

CH3 Cl

askt

4

CH2Cl

–COOH.

H+

KMnO4

to

COO K+ COOH R

2

–

F (a) toluen + H2 (b) cumen + Br2 (c) etylbenzen + HNO3 / H2SO4 (d) benzen + KMnO4 / H2SO4

6

4.

4.

G không

2 và H2O,

A) B) C)

D)

8H10.

H

A) o C) m B) D) etylbenzen.

KMnO

HCl

4 o

I

H O, t

2

X Y C6H5CH2CH3

A) C6H5COOK, C6H5COOH. B) C6H5COOH, C6H5COOK. C) C6H5CH2COOK, C6H5CH2COOH. D) C6H5CH2COOK, C6H5COOH.

KMnO

HCl

4 o

J

H O, t

2

X Y C6H5CH(CH3)2

A) C6H5CH(COOK)2. C) C6H5COOK. B) C6H5CH(COOH)2. D) C6H4(COOK)2.

C6H5COOK + MnO2 + KOH + H2O.

K (1) C6H5CH3 + KMnO4 (2) C6H4(CH3)2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4

C6H4(COOH)2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.

7

8H10

4

L

B) m–xilen. D) – A) etylbenzen. C) o–xilen.

M

CO 2

2 và H2

H O 2

4

V . V 7 4

không khí = 29) và A 4 khi

N CO2

A : nB là

O

A) 1:1. C) 3:1. D) 1:2.

2 và H2 B) 1:3.

P

CO 2

2 và H2

H O 2

+Cl2

m . A tham gia m 77 18

+Cl2

A B + C Fe, to

askt

+HNO3

o

D

H2SO4

+KMnO4

E + F

G

–

8

5 Stiren và naphtalen

CH=CH2

Stiren

• •

CTPT: C8H8

Naphtalen

CTPT: C10H8

VD6: polistiren (PS) CH=CH2 —CH–CH2— n

xt o

t

n

polistiren (PS)

3 có xúc tác H2SO4

Q (a) (b) (c)

R (a) (b)

4

S

A) benzen. C) stiren. B) toluen. D) naphtalen.

9

8H8

4

T

A) vinyl. B) etyl. C) anlyl. D) metyl.

U

A) C8H8Br2. C) C8H6Br4. B) C8H7Br3. D) C8H6Br2.

V

A) C8H8. B) C8H10. C) C7H20. D) C9H9.

W

là

A) etylbenzen. C) o–vinyltoluen. B) p–vinyltoluen. D) stiren.

10

Câu C Câu N Câu 1 D C

O C D 2 A B

E 3 C D

P Q 4 A R F G 5 D D S C H B T A I 6 7 A A U B J C V A 8 9 C

W D K L A A A

B M D

6 (a) 1,3 (b) 1,2

(d) 1,4 (e) 1–etyl–2–metylbenzen hay o–etyltoluen (f) 1–etyl–4–metylbenzen hay p–etyltoluen

8 m–bromtoluen

F

Ni

o t ,xt,p

Fe o

CH3 CH3 (a) + 3H2

t

4

(b) C6H5CH(CH3)2 + Br2 o– và p–BrC6H4CH(CH3)2 + HBr

H SO 2 o t

(c) C6H5CH3 + HNO3 o– và p–NO2C6H4CH3 + H2O

11

C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O

K C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 5C6H4(CH3)2 + 12KMnO4 + 18H2SO4

5C6H4(COOH)2 + 12MnSO4 + 6K2SO4 + 28H2O

M Toluen, C6H5CH3

N Benzen, C6H6

Fe o

P A là toluen, C7H8 hay C6H5CH3

t

askt

C6H5CH3 + Cl2 o– và p–ClC6H5CH3 (B, C) + HCl

4

C6H5CH3 + Cl2 C6H5CH2Cl (D) + HCl

H SO 2 o t

C6H5CH3 + HNO3 o– và p–NO2C6H4CH3 (E, F) + H2O

C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5COOK (G) + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O

xt

Q (a) C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 (b) C6H5CH=CH2 + HBr C6H5CHBr–CH2Br C6H5CHBr–CH3

o t ,p cao

—CH2—CH—— (c) nC6H5CH=CH2

C6H5 n

4

R NO2

H SO 2 o t

(a) + H2O + HNO3

Ni o t ,p

(b) + 5H2

12