Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản Tiếng Anh 12 năm 2021-2022 - Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây

Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản Tiếng Anh 12

Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Lớp: 12C… Họ và tên:………………………….. Năm học 2021 - 2022

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UNIT 1: HOME LIFE (CUỘC SỐNG GIA ĐÌNH)

làm phiền, làm bực mình

I. VOCABULARY: 1. annoy 2. attempt  attempt

thuộc sinh vật học

tin tưởng

rác

tinh nghịch, ranh mãnh tinh nghịch tính tinh nghịch

 obedience  obey  disobedient

 security 19. separately  separate

3. biologist  biological  biology 4. caring 5. close – knit 6. come up = occur = happen 7. confidence (in sth/sb)  confident (of sb/sth)  confidently 8. garbage 9. give a hand = help 10. household chore 11. join hands 12. mischievous  mischievously  mischievousness 13. obedient 14. play trick on somebody 15. project 16. responsibility  responsible (for)  irresponsible 17. rush 18. secure 20. shift 21. study pressure 22. supportive  support  support (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (v) (n) (adj) (adv) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (n) (adj) (adj) (v) (adj) (n) (adv) (adj) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) sự cố gắng, sự nỗ lực cố gắng, làm, nỗ lực nhà sinh vật học sinh vật học quan tâm, hay giúp đỡ gắn bó với nhau xảy ra sự tin cậy, sự tự tin một cách tự tin giúp đỡ ai việc nhà hợp sức lại, chung tay biết vâng lời, ngoan ngoãn sự vâng lời vâng lời không vâng lời, ngang ngược chơi xỏ ai, chơi khăm ai đề án, dự án trách nhiệm có trách nhiệm vô trách nhiệm vội vã đi gấp an toàn, chắc chắn, tự tin sự an toàn, sự bảo đảm một cách riêng biệt riêng biệt ca (làm việc) áp lực học tập khích lệ, động viên sự ủng hộ ủng hộ vui lòng, sẵn lòng làm gì

23. willing (to do something) II. GRAMMAR REVISION OF TENSES

1. PAST SIMPLE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) a. Form:

(+) S + V2/ed (+) S + was/were + O

(-) S + didn’t + V (-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + O

(?) Did + S + V? (?) Was/were + S + O?

b. Use:

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Ex: She was born in 1980.

- Diễn tả một hành động đã chấm dứt hẳn tại một thời điểm hay khoảng thời gian xác định trong quá khứ. - Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ. Trong trường hợp này thì quá khứ đơn mang nghĩa của used to. Ex: I always got up at six in those days. (= used to get) - Diễn tả một chuỗi hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: Yesterday morning, I got up at 5 o’clock. First I did some jogging. Next I took a bath,

had breakfast and then went to school. c. Recognition: - last week/ month/ year/…

- yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/…

Notes: “ED” pronunciation /ɪd/; /t/; /d/

/t/ /d/ /ɪd/

Âm cuối là /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ Âm cuối là /b/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/ Âm cuối là /t/ /d/

/r/ /v/ /z/ /dʒ/ và các nguyên

âm

Ex: watched, coughed, talked, Ex: entered, robbed, Ex: waited, added

typed, brushed managed, agreed, caused,

arrived

2. PAST PROGRESSIVE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

a. Form:

(+) S + was / were + V-ing

(-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing

(?) Was/ were + S + V-ing?

b. Use: - Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Ex: - A What were you doing at 7 o’clock last night? B I was driving home from work. - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì bị một hành động khác cắt ngang.

Ex: - I met her when / while we were working for the same company. - Diễn tả hai hành động tiếp diễn song song xảy ra cùng một lúc trong quá khứ. Ex: - I was listening to music while my parents were watching TV last night.

* Note: Với cách dùng này while thường đứng giữa câu. c. Recognition: at that time, at 8 a.m yesterday…

3. PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)

a. Form:

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(+) S + have/ has + V3/ed (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3/ed (?) Have/ Has + S + V3/ed?

b. Use: - Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại. Với ý nghĩa này thì hiện

tại hoàn thành được dùng với since và for. Ex: - Mr. Brown has taught maths in this school for five years. - The child has been ill since yesterday.

* Note: since + mốc thời gian for + khoảng thời gian - Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định thời gian. Ex: - Mr. Clark has travelled around the world.

- Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ. Ex: - We have seen this play several times. - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước một hành động khác ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ex: - The young scientist declares that he has completed the experiment successfully.

- ever, never, before, already, lately, recently, yet, just… - so far, up to now = until now = up to the present, since, for… - This is the first (second/ third...) time

B. confidence B. supportive C. mischievous D. reference D. generally C. biologist

B. staff B. revision B. hoped C. base C. attention C. liked D. bass D. admission D. coughed

C. separate B. share D. live

D. was going C. have gone B. went

B. has been C. were

D. had played C. has played

D. had stolen C. has stolen B. stolen

C. was breathing D. has breathed B. breathed

B. was sleeping – knocked D. was sleeping – had knocked

B. can C. will D. did

c. Recognition: III. EXERCISES I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group: 1. A. obedient 2. A. close-knit II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group: 3. A. safe 4. A. discussion 5. A. served III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 6. I don’t have my own room. I have to ______ the bedroom with my elder brother. A. divide 7. “Have you been abroad recently?” “I last ________ abroad in 2004”. A. go 8. Five dollars _______ all that he had when he first arrived in this city. A. have been D. was 9. She ______ the piano when she was a child. B. was playing A. played 10. Someone ______ my bike! Now I’ll have to walk home. A. steals 11. As soon as Debbie got out of bed, she opened the window and _______ in fresh air. A. breathes 12. In the middle of the night, I _____ on the sofa when someone ______ at the door. A. had slept – was knocking C. slept – was knocking 13. I wish Maureen worked as hard as Theresa _________. A. does 14. I haven’t had a Chinese meal ____________. A. since ages C. since two years D. for years B. for 2002

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D. join hands C. open hearts B. consider legs

C. effort D. ability B. advance

B. with C. under D. on

B. look after C. look into D. look on

D. close-made C. close-worn

B. Thank you. Hope you will drop in. D. No problem.

15. Many people are ready to ______ to improve health care around the world. A. gather heads 16. They closed the road in an ______ to reduce traffic in the city. A. attempt 17. I am ______ a lot of study pressure because I am now in my final year at the secondary school. A. above 18. My mother need someone dependable to _______ the children while she is at work. A. look up 19. Because they are a ______ and supportive of one another, they often share their feelings and whenever problems come up, they discuss them frankly and quickly find solutions. A. close-knit B. close-founded 20. Daisy: “What a lovely house you have!” – Mary: “______.” A. Lovely. I think so. C. Of course not. It’s not costly IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:

NUCLEAR FAMILY

The traditional definition of a nuclear family is a family unit that includes two married

parents of opposite genders and their biological or adopted children living in the same residence. However, the term “nuclear family” can mean several different things in today’s society. Understanding the classic roles in this type of family and how it is defined can help you understand the relationships in your own family, whether it’s nuclear or not. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term “nuclear family” was first used in

1947, but the concept of a family that consists of just parents and children is much older. This basic unit of a family’s structure has existed for millennia, but it wasn’t until the 1960s and 1970s that the nuclear family became the majority situation. At that time, industrial economic booms and rising wages made it possible for young parents to afford their own homes without living with extended family members. At the same time, better healthcare contributed to the nuclear family, as elderly members became more self-sufficient and independent for decades after their children were grown.

Today, the era of the nuclear family is often glamorized, complete with mom in the kitchen, dad out earning the paychecks, and the kids building a tree house or hosting a stuffed animal tea party. In reality, there is no ideal type of family, and today’s definition of a nuclear family can greatly differ from that it was a few decades ago. 21. Nuclear family is ______. A. a family that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives. B. a family that includes only the father, mother, and children. C. a family that includes a person’s parents, spouse, children and siblings. D. a family that includes children from a previous marriage of the wife, husband, or both parents. 22. When was the term “nuclear family” officially used? C. in 1970 B. in 1960 A. in 1947 D. until the 1960- 1970

B. 500 years C. about 10000 years D. about 1000 years

23. The word “millennia” in paragraph 2 means ______. A. 200 years 24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true? A. The children should take care of their elderly members after they are grown. B. The nuclear family didn’t become the majority situation until the 1960s and 1970s. C. Understanding the roles in nuclear family helps you understand the relationships in your family.

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C. desirable D. admirable B. disclaimed

B. share B. through B. bring B. too B. whom C. give C. on C. cause C. enough C. which D. spend D. in D. result D. so D. who

D. Young parents afford their own homes because of industrial economic booms and rising wages. 25. The word “glamorized” in paragraph 3 mostly means ______. A. unexpected V. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 26. All of the homework given (A) by our teachers are (B) useful to (C) every student (D). 27. When Helen was (A) a child, she has worked (B) in a factory for (C) more than (D) three years. 28. The tourist guide only has (A) a twenty-dollar bill (B) with her when (C) she landed at (D) the airport. 29. After Mrs. Wang had returned (A) to her house (B) from work (C), she was cooking (D) dinner. 30. Elizabeth has resigned (A) as (B) queen (C) of England from (D) 1558 to 1603. VI. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. To many people, their friends are the most important in their life. really good friends always ______(31) joys and sorrows with you and never turn their backs on you. Your best friend may be someone you have known all your life or someone you have grown ________ (32) with. There are all sorts of things that can ________ (33) about this special relationship. It may be the result of enjoying the same activities and sharing experiences. Most of us have met someone that we have immediately felt relaxed with as if we had known them for ages. However, it really takes you years to get to know someone well ________ (34) to consider your best friend. To the majority of us, this is someone we trust completely and _______ (35) understands us better than anyone else. It’s the person you can tell him or her your most intimate secrets. 31. A. have 32. A. up 33. A. provide 34. A. such 35. A. whose VII. Word form: 1. Despression is both _________ and psychological. (biology) 2. Protecting the environment is every man’s _____________. (responsible) 3. With careful training, a dog will __________ its master completely. (obedient) 4. He ______________ looked for a chance to embarrass his sister. (mischievous) 5. __________ in yourself is the first step on the road to success. (confident) VIII. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. I have never seen such a beautiful building.  It’s ______________________________________________. 2. I have never read such a romantic story.  This is ___________________________________________. 3. They had never had such a cold winter.  It was ____________________________________________. 4. You will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs. Jones.  Mrs. Jones is _______________________________________. 5. Man has never had such efficient servants as computers.  Computers are ______________________________________. 6. I haven’t played football since 2000.  The last time _______________________________________. 7. I haven’t been to Ho Chi Minh city for 2 years.

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 The last time _______________________________________. 8. I’ve never met such a famous person before.  It’s _______________________________________________. 9. She hasn’t seen that boy here before.  It’s _______________________________________________. 10. She hasn’t written to us since last year.  The last time _______________________________________. 11. She started to learn English 8 years ago.  It’s _______________________________________________. 12. He hasn’t laughed so much for ages.  It’s _______________________________________________. 13. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years.  It’s _______________________________________________. 14. The telephone rang for hours.  It’s _______________________________________________. 15. I haven’t seen him for ages.  It’s _______________________________________________. UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY (ĐA DẠNG VĂN HÓA)

sự hấp dẫn, sự quyến rũ thu hút, hấp dẫn hấp dẫn, quyến rũ một cách hấp dẫn lẽ ra phải làm gì

thực hiện tâm sự

I. VOCABULARY 1. attractiveness  attract  attractive  attractively 2. be supposed to do sth  suppose 3. bride 4. conduct 5. confide  confide something to somebody  confide in somebody  confidence  have confidence in someone tin tưởng ai theo hợp đồng

6. contractual  contract  contract 7. diversity

 diversify  diverse thay đổi khác nhau

8. determine 9. equal

 equal  equal  equality  equalize  equally

then chốt, chủ yếu 10. groom = bridegroom 11. key 12. maintain (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (idiom) (v) (n) (v) (v) (v) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adv) (n) (adj) (v) cho là, tin rằng, nghĩ rằng cô dâu kể (một bí mật) cho ai nghe giãi bày tâm sự với ai sự tin tưởng, sự giãi bài tâm sự ký hợp đồng, đính ước hợp đồng, khế ước tính đa dạng đa dạng hoá xác định, định rõ ngang, bằng nhau người ngang hàng bằng, ngang, sánh kịp sự bình đẳng bình đẳng hoá, làm bằng nhau bằng nhau chú rể duy trì

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thiểu số

 maintenance 13. majority  minority 14. marriage  marry  married 15. oblige

 obligation 16. on the other hand 17. particularly  particular 18. partnership  partner 19. physical  physically 20. precede  precedence 21. reject  rejection

22. response  respond to sb/sth 23. romantic lãng mạn  romance 24. sacrifice

 sacrifice  sacrificial 25. significantly rất quan trọng, đáng chú ý

 significant  significance  signify 26. survey

 survey 27. traditionally  tradition  traditional 28. trust

 trust  trustful

(n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (adv) (adv) (adj) (n) (n) (adj) (adv) (v) (n) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adv) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adv) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (adj) (n) (adv) (adj) sự duy trì, sự bảo trì phần lớn, đa số sự kết hôn, hôn nhân kết hôn, cưới có gia đình bắt buộc nghĩa vụ, bổn phận, sự bắt buộc mặt khác, trái lại đặc biệt là đặc thù mối quan hệ, mối tương quan vợ hoặc chồng thuộc cơ thể về cơ thể, về vật lý đến trước, xảy ra trước quyền được trước, quyền ưu tiên bác bỏ, loại bỏ sự bác bỏ, sự khước từ sự trả lời, câu trả lời đáp lại sự lãng mạn, chuyện tình hy sinh sự hy sinh, vật hy sinh hy sinh quan trọng, có ý nghĩa sự quan trọng, ý nghĩa có nghĩa, biểu thị sự khảo sát, sự điều tra khảo sát, điều tra theo truyền thống truyền thống cổ truyền sự tín nhiệm, lòng tin tin cậy, tín nhiệm đáng tin giá trị có giá trị vô giá khôn ngoan, sáng suốt sự khôn ngoan, sự sáng suốt một cách khôn ngoan không khôn ngoan

29. value  valuable  invaluable 30. wise  wisdom  wisely  unwise II. GRAMMAR

REVISION OF TENSES

1. PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) a. Form:

(+) S (plu.) + V + O (+) S + am/is/are + O 8

(-) S + am/is/are + not + O (?) Am/Is/Are + S + O?

S (sing.) + Vs/es + O (-) S (plu.) + don’t + V + O S (sing.) + doesn’t + V + O (?) Do + S (plu.) + V + O? Does + S (sing.) + V + O?

b. Use: - Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên hay sự kiện luôn luôn đúng. Ex: - The sun rises in the East and sinks in the West. - I work in an office and live in a flat. - Diễn tả thói quen hay hoạt động hàng ngày. Trạng ngữ chỉ tần suất thường được dùng với cách

dùng này. Ex: - I usually go to school by bicycle.

- Thì hiện tại đơn còn được dùng để tóm tắt các sự kiện trong văn kể, hay các sự kiện lịch sử. Ex: - In Chapter 1, Susan meets David, and agrees to go to the dance school with him.

c. Recognition: Adverbs of frequency: always, frequently, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely,

seldom, hardly, never. S + (be) + Adv of frequency + V

Note: “S” PRONUNCIATION /S/ /Z/ /IZ/

/s/ /z/ /ɪz/

Âm cuối là /f/ /k/ /p/ /t/ /θ/ Âm cuối là /b/ /d/ /g/ /l/ /m/ Âm cuối là /s/ /z/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ /dʒ/

/n/ /r/ /v/ /ð/ /ŋ/ và các

nguyên âm

Ex: laughs, cloths, hopes Ex: hugs, comes, goes, Ex: matches, judges, pushes

enjoys, clothes, covers

(+) S + am/is/are + V-ing

(-) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing

(?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?

2. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) a. Form: b. Use: - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào đúng thời điểm nói. Ex: - Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying. - Nói về việc nào đó diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian hiện tại, không nhất thiết chính xác ngay tại

lúc nói. Hãy xem một số tình huống sau: Ex: Mike and Jane are talking and drinking in a café. Mike says: “I’m reading an interesting book at the moment. I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it.” - Diễn tả một hành động trong tương lai gần đã được sắp đặt trước. Ex: - I am meeting Tom for lunch tomorrow. - Chúng ta dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi nói về khoảng thời gian bao gồm cả hiện tại. Ví dụ như

today, this season, this year... Ex: - Tom isn’t playing football this season. He wants to concentrate on his studies. - Chúng ta dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi nói về những tình huống đang thay đổi.

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Ex: - The population of the world is rising very fast. - Trạng từ “always: có thể dùng trong thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi muốn diễn tả sự bực mình, hoặc

có vẻ không hợp lý theo ý người nói. Ex: - I’m always making this mistake. (tôi cứ mắc lỗi lầm đó mãi  bực mình)

c. Recognition: now, right now, at the moment, at this time, Look! , Listen! … * Lưu ý: Những động từ trạng thái chỉ hoạt động nhận thức, tri giác, tình cảm không dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, mà chỉ dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn cho dù các hoạt động nhận thức, tri giác, tình cảm này đang diễn ra vào thời điểm nói. Đó là những động từ: see (thấy), hear (nghe thấy), taste (có vị), feel (cảm thấy), smell (toả mùi), love (yêu), like (thích), hate (ghét), know (biết), want (muốn), need (cần), think (cho rằng, nghĩ rằng), look (có vẻ), appear (có vẻ, hình như), remember (nhớ), belong to (thuộc về), contain (chứa đựng)... Trong tiếng Việt ta có thể nói: “Bạn đang cảm thấy thế nào / ra sao?” hoặc “Bạn đang muốn gì?” nhưng trong tiếng Anh ta chỉ nói: + How do you feel? - I feel thirsty. + What do you want? - I want some water.

3. THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)

(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing (-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing (?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing?

a. Form: b. Use: - Dùng diễn tả hành động diễn ra liên tục vừa mới chấm dứt, nhưng kết quả có liên quan đến hiện

tại. Ex: “You look hot” “Yes. I’ve been running” - Diễn tả hành động kéo dài liên tục cho đến lúc đang nói. Trong cách nói này, ta dùng thời gian

với “for” hoặc “since”, hoặc câu hỏi “how long” Ex: Carol has been talking on the phone for two hours.

(+) S + had + V3/ed (-) S + hadn’t + V3/ed (?) Had + S + V3/ed?

4. PAST PERFECT (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH) a. Form: b. Use: - Diễn tả một hành động hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Ex: - Jane had gone home when I phoned her at the office. - Diễn tả một hành động hoàn thành trước một khoảng thời gian nào đó trong quá khứ.

Ex: - The secretary had typed 10 letters before the lunchtime yesterday. c. Recognition: Before, after, by the time, when, as soon as, by the age of… 5. THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) a. Form:

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(+) S + had + been + V-ing (-) S + hadn’t + been + V-ing (?) Had + S + been + V-ing?

Ex: We had been walking for an hour when it suddenly started to rain.

(+) S + will + Vo (-) S + won’t/will not + Vo (?) Will + S + Vo?

b. Use: - Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra liên tục trong bao lâu trước khi một sự việc khác xảy đến. 6. SIMPLE FUTURE (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) a. Form: b. Use: - Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra tại một thời điểm nào đó ở tương lai. Ex: - He will finish his work tomorrow. - Chúng ta dùng thì tương lai đơn khi quyết định làm một việc gì đó ngay tại lúc nói mà trước đó

không hề có ý định thực hiện. Ex: - What are you going to do this weekend?  I haven’t decided yet. Oh, I will go to the countryside. - Chúng ta dùng thì tương lai đơn để dự đoán điều có thể xảy ra trong tương lai. Ex: - According to the weather forecast, it will be cloudy tomorrow.

- Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself! - Chúng ta thường dùng thì tương lai đơn với các từ: probably, (I’m) sure, (I) expect, (I) think

... Ex: - I’ll probably be a bit late.

- Chúng ta dùng will trong các tình huống sau: * Ngỏ ý sẵn lòng muốn giúp ai làm gì: Ex: - That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. * Đồng ý hay từ chối làm gì: Ex: - I’ve asked Tom to help me, but he won’t. * Hứa hẹn làm điều gì đó: Ex: - I promise I won’t tell anybody what you said.

* Yêu cầu ai làm làm gì: (Will you...?) Ex: - Will you shut the door, please?

- Chúng ta dùng shall trong các câu nghi vấn mang ý nghĩa đề nghị, hoặc thỉnh cầu: Shall I....? đề nghị làm gì cho ai. Ex:- Shall I take off your coat? = Do you want me to take off your coat?

Shall we...? đề nghị ai cùng làm gì với mình: Ex: - Shall we go to the cinema tonight?

(+) S + will be + V-ing (-) S + won’t/will not be + V-ing (?) Will + S + be + Ving?

7. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN) a. Form: b. Use: - Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm ở tương lai.

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- Don’t get impatient. She will come soon. Ex: - Right now I’m sitting in class. At this same time tomorrow, I will be sitting in class. Note: Đôi khi cũng không có sự khác nhau mấy giữa thì tương lai tiếp diễn và thì tương lai đơn, đặc biệt là khi một sự kiện / hành động tương lai sẽ xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định ở tương lai. Ex: - Don’t get impatient. She will be coming soon.

(+) S + will have + V3/ed (-) S + won’t/will not have + V3/ed (?) Will + S + have + V3/ed?

8. FUTURE PERFECT (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH) a. Form: b. Use: - Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một mốc thời gian hoặc trước một sự kiện nào đó trong tương lai. Cụm từ by the time và động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn thường được dùng ở mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. Ex: - I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the time I see you, I will have

graduated. - I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight. 9. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)

(+) S + will have been + V-ing (-) S + won’t/will not have been + V-ing (?) Will + S + have been + Ving?

a. Form: b. Use: - Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động liên tục xảy ra bao lâu cho đến một

thời điểm trong tương lai. Ex: - By the end of this year, Ms Yang will have been teaching English for six years.

(+) S + am/is/are going to + Vo (-) S + am/is/are + not + going to + Vo (?) Am/Is/Are + S + going to + Vo?

Ex: Look out! That lady is going to fall.

10. THE FUTURE WITH “BE GOING TO” a. Form: b. Use: - Nói về một sự việc tương lai mà chúng ta có thể thấy kết quả từ 1 tình huống trong hiện tại. - Diễn tả một hành động mà chún ta dự định làm trong tương lai, đã có quyết định trước rồi. Ex: “Why did you buy so much paint?” “I’m going to paint the house again” Note: Hình thức quá khứ “Was/were going to do sth” được dùng với ý nghĩa “đã dự định làm việc gì rồi nhưng không làm” III. EXERCISES I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group

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B. attitude B. different D. develop D. attractive C. determine C. secretary

D. driver D. harbor D. matched C. bridge C. stapler C. caused B. fridge B. neighbor B. pushed

C. Traditional D. Traditionally

C. obtained D. observed

D. know

D. stand C. occur B. advance

C. I drive D. I’ve been driving

B. took C. has taken D. was taking

D. will be to C. go to

C. had been working D. was working

D. will be sitting

D. is able win C. have won B. winning

B. It doesn’t matter C. Not at all D. Not really

C. has died D. had died

C. leaves D. had left

C. has written D. had written

C. was written B. wrote

C. have tried D. am trying

C. he has left D. he was left

C. have has D. have had B. had had

D. would learn

1. A. maintain 2. A. brilliant II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group 3. A. bride 4. A. borrow 5. A. booked III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 6. _________, women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children. A. With tradition B. On tradition 7. All of the students are __________ to pass the entrance examination in order to attend the university. A. obsessed B. obliged 8. It is important to have someone you can _______ in. A. talk C. confide B. speak 9. Most adjective can be used to _______ a noun. A. precede 10. I’m very tired. _______ more than 800 kilometers today. B. I’ve driven A. I’m driving 11. When he returned home from work, he ________ a bath. A. takes 12. Our relatives _________ meet us at the station this evening. A. are being B. are going to 13. He ________ for that company for five months when it went bankrupt. A. has been worked B. has worked 14. At this time next week, all of the students _________ for their examination. A. will be sat B. have been sitting C. have sat 15. Rachel is good at badminton. She ________ every game. A. wins 16. “Let’s have pizza”. “________________” A. Not again 17. He can’t go out because he _________ his work. A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished C. didn’t finish D. hadn’t finished 18. Her father ______ when she was a small girl. A. dies B. died 19. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived. A. leave B. left 20. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels. B. writes A. wrote 21. While her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week. A. was writing D. had written 22. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play. A. try B. tried 23. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him. A. he had left B. he left 24. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag. A. had 25. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years. A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:

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C. looking D. listening B. discussing

B. the other person’s health

My aunt is one of those people who can talk to anyone about anything. If she goes to a party where she doesn’t know any of the people, she just walks up to the first person that she sees and introduces herself. And yet she doesn’t seem to talk about deeply important things like politics or religions. She always starts off with something very obvious like the other person’s job. Very soon she is talking as if she has known the other person for years. I asked her once what her secret was. She said that the most important thing in a conversation was listening. People love to talk about themselves, so if you allow them to do so, it’s very easy to keep a conversation going. You have to listen carefully and ask questions. And you have to look interested, too. So don’t keep looking at other things in the room while you’re talking to someone. Another thing that I’ve noticed is that she only pays people compliments. She says: “I like your hair. Which hairdresser do you go to?” or “You look very well. Have you been on holiday?” Friendly messages like this seem to provide an easy way into a conversation. 26. According to my aunt, the most important thing in the conversation was__________. A. speaking 27. At parties where she doesn’t know anybody, she normally _______________. A. feels embarrassed and stays away from people. B. asks people to introduce themselves to her C. comes over to the first person and introduces herself. D. sits alone and avoids talking to other people. 28. My aunt thinks that it’s easy to keep a conversation going if you __________. A. let people talk about themselves B. let people hear about themselves C. talk about politics and religions D. ask people about their secrets 29. What should you NOT do when you have a conversation with someone? A. Looking very interested in his or her story. B. Looking at other things in the room. C. Listening very carefully and asking questions. D. Paying him or her compliments. 30. According to the passage, my aunt often starts a conversation by talking about ______ A. the other person’s wealth C. the other person’s daily activities D. the other person’s job V. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 36. Last year (A), my son was lost (B) among (C) the crowd when we have gone (D) shopping. 37. Almost (A) 300 million people had visited (B) America’s national parks (C) every year (D). 38. They have studied (A) English before (B) they went (C) to London (D). 39. They have got married (A) for (B) 30 years by (C) the end of this month (D). 40. They will help (A) you whenever (B) you will ask (C) them (D). VI. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. In Germany, it’s important to be serious in a work situation. They don’t mix work and play so you shouldn’t make jokes ________ (36) you do in the UK and USA when you first meet people. They work in a very organized way and prefer to do one thing at a time. They don’t like interruptions or _______ (37) changes of schedule. Punctuality is very important so you should arrive on time for appointments. At meeting, it’s important to follow the agenda and not interrupt_______ (38) speaker. If you give a presentation, you should focus ________ (39) facts and technical information and the quality of your company’s products. You should also prepare well, as they may ask a lot of questions. Colleagues normally use the family names, and title – for example, “Doctor” or “Professor”, so you shouldn’t use first names _______ (40) a person asks you do. 36. A. while 37. A. sudden 38. A. other D. as D. promptly D. the other B. as if B. suddenly B. others C. such as C. abruptly C. another

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B. to B. as D. in D. since C. at C. unless

39. A. on 40. A. if only VII. Word form: 1. I like John but I don’t find him ___________ physically. (attract) 2. Civil rights include freedom, _________ in law and in employment, and the right to vote. (equal) 3. Nancy wondered whether it was her distiny to live in England and _______ John. (marriage) 4. Agriculture work is ___________ seen as a male occupation. (tradition) 5. Experience is the father of _______ and memory is the mother of it. (wise) VIII. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. I haven’t seen Alice for ages.  It’s ages _______________________________________. 2. She started to teach 13 years ago.  She has ________________________________________. 3. We last visited Rome three years ago.  We have _______________________________________. 4. It’s 3 months since she last phoned me.  The ___________________________________________. 5. Peter has never heard classical music before.  It’s ____________________________________________. 6. This is the silliest joke I have ever heard.  I have _________________________________________. 7. I arrived in London last week and I’m still here.  I have _________________________________________. 8. When did you meet Antonio?  How __________________________________________? 9. I last saw Alison over a year ago.  I ______________________________________________. 10. I began learning English at the end of 2010.  I ______________________________________________.

UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING (CÁC CÁCH THỨC GIAO TIẾP XÃ HỘI)

I. VOCABULARY 1. acceptable  accept  acceptance  unacceptable 2. approach  approach

3. appropriate for sb/sth 4. assistance  assist  assistant

5. attention lôi cuốn sự chú ý

 attract sb’s attention  pay attention to  draw attention to sth (adj) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (n) (v) (v) (v) có thể chấp nhận được chấp nhận sự chấp nhận không thể chấp nhận sự đến gần đến gần thích hợp sự giúp đỡ giúp đỡ người trợ lý sự chú ý chú ý đến thu hút sự chú ý

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6. brief  briefly = in brief 7. clap

 clap one’s hands

thông dụng

8. common  commonly 9. communication  communicate  communicative  uncommunicative ít nói, không cởi mở

10. informality  informal  informally  formal  formality  formally trang trọng, chính thức trường hợp

11. instance  for instance = for example 12. non-verbal

 non-verbal communication  verbal 13. obvious  obviously 14. point at 15. probably 16. rude = impolite  rudeness  rudely = impolitely 17. signal  signal  signal 18. situation 19. slightly 20. socialize (socialise) with

 socialization  social  society

21. suppose 22. wave 23. whistle 24. cue (adj) (adv) (v) (v) (adj) (adv) (n) (v) (adj) (adj) (n) (adj) (adv) (adj) (n) (adv) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (adv) (v) (adv) (adj) (n) (adv) (n) (adj) (v) (n) (adv) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (v) (v) (n) ngắn, nhanh một cách ngắn gọn, tóm lại vỗ vỗ tay phổ biến sự giao tiếp, sự truyền đạt giao tiếp, truyền đạt cởi mở, thân thiện sự thân mật không nghi thức, thân mật thân mật trang trọng, theo nghi thức sự trang trọng, đúng nghi thức ví dụ không bằng lời nói giao tiếp bằng cử chỉ dùng lời nói rõ ràng, hiển nhiên rõ ràng chỉ vào có lẽ thô lỗ sự thô lỗ thô lỗ dấu hiệu, tín hiệu, hiệu lệnh nổi bật, đáng chú ý ra hiệu, báo hiệu tình huống nhẹ nhàng hòa nhập XH, XH hoá sự hòa nhập XH, XH hoá có tính chất xã hội xã hội giả sử vẫy tay huýt sáo; huýt gió sự gợi ý, lời ám chỉ, cử chỉ

II. GRAMMAR REPORTED SPEECH

Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ. Ex: She says: “I am a teacher.” She says that she is a teacher. Ex: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says. Tom says that he is writing a letter now.

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Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn. I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu) 1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her We → They us → them our → their Ex: He said: “I learned English.” He said that he had leared English. 2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your) - Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.” Mary said that you were late again. 3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu: DIRECT Simple present - V1 /Vs(es) Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing Present perfect – have / has + V3/ed Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing Simple past – V2 / -ed Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Simple future – will + V1 Future progressive will be + V-ing INDIRECT Simple past – V2 / V-ed Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect – had + V3/ed Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing Past perfect – had + V3/ed Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing Future in the past - would + V1 Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing

III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

DIRECT Now Here This These Today Yesterday Last year Tonight Tomorrow Next month Ago INDIRECT Then There That Those That day The day before / the previous day The year before / the previous year That night The following day / the next day/ the day after The following month / the next month/ the month after Before

CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP 1. COMMANDS / REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị) - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….

Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her to keep silent - Mệnh lệnh phủ định:

Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”

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Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….

Ex: “Don’t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said. → He reminded me not to forget to phone to him that afternoon. Tùy theo ngữ cảnh trong lời nói động từ tường thuật said hoặc said to có thể đổi thành told, asked, advised, persuaded, directed, begged, encouraged, … 2. STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật)

Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause” Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause

Note: said to → told Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” → Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friend that weekend 3. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi) Yes – No question

Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O….?” Indirect: S + asked + O + IF / WHETHER + S + V + O ….

Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”  He asked Mary if/whether she had ever been to Japan? Wh – question

Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?” Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.

Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me. → He asked me how long I was waiting for the bus. 4. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị , chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi, …động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói trên. Reporting Verb + V-ing + …. Deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), suggest (đề nghị), regret (nuối tiếc), appreciate (đánh giá cao, cảm kích) Ex: Peter said: “I didn’t steal the painting.”  Peter denied stealing the painting. Reporting Verb + (Someone) + Preposition + V-ing + …. thank someone for apologize someone for accuse someone of congratulate someone on warn someone against prevent someone from blame someone for think of dream of object to insist on complain about look forward to (cám ơn ai về ….) (xin lỗi ai về …) (buộc tội ai về …) (chúc mừng ai về ….) (cảnh báo ai về ….) (ngăn cản ai làm gì) (đổ lỗi ai làm gì) (nghĩ về) (mơ về …) (chống đối về ….) (khăng khăng dòi …) (phàn nàn về ….) (mong đợi)

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D. pollute D. patient B. pollen B. remind C. police C. circus

D. assign D. follow D. castle B. resign B. pillow B. bristle C. sign C. allow C. little

B. unfriendly C. sociable D. reticent

B. assistant C. assisted

B. non-verbal C. common D. simply

C. would see D. had seen B. has seen

Ex: “I’m happy to know that you win the game. Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary. → Jim congratulated Mary on winning the game. Note: 1. Why don’t you / Why not / How about → suggested + (someone) + V-ing … Ex: “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said. → He suggested me sending her some flowers. 2. Let’s → suggested + V-ing … Let’s not → suggested + not + V-ing … Ex: “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said. → He suggested meeting outside the cinema. She said: “Let’s not talk about that problem again.” → She suggested not talking about that problem again. 3. Shall we / It’s a good idea → suggested + V-ing … Ex: “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said. → She suggested going for a picnic that weekend. III. EXERCISES I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group 1. A. polite 2. A. focus II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group 3. A. signal 4. A. sorrow 5. A. whistle III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 6. Katie is a very _________ girl. She can make friends easily even though she is in a strange place. A. shy 7. His achievements were partly due to the _______ of his wife. D. assistance A. assist 8. Waving is considered the most_________ way of attracting someone’s attention. A. slightly 9. He thought that he ___________ the movie, so he gave the ticket to his brother. A. saw 10. He said that he _________ me the book soon. A. will return B. would return C. is returning D. returns

A. where do you come from? B. where I came from C. where I am from D. where did I

B. what C. if D. x

11. Jack asked me _____. come from? 12. She asked me _____ I liked pop music. A. when 13. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling 14. I wanted to know_____ return home.

A. when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would

C. owning D. A and B 15. Claire told me that her father____ a race horse. B. owned A. owns 16. What did that man say ______?

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D. you C. to you B. for you

D. was B. were C. has been

B. That’s my pleasure

C. next D. previous B. following

B. the D. this C. then

B. when C. where D. whether

B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that

C. was B. were D. should be

B. to say what makes him laugh D. to explains how he started in TV

A. at you 17. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there. A. is 18. “How about driving to the countryside this Sunday?” “___________” A. Sounds good! C. Yes, I’m driving D. Never mind 19. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the _______ week. A. ago 20. When I rang Tessa sometime last week, she said she was busy ______ day. A. that 21. I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet. A. what 22. Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave. A. has reminded 23. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill. A. are 24. Ann ______ and left. A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye 25. Naomi asked her doctor __________________. A. how many times a day should she take the medicine. B. how many times should she take the medicine a day. C. should she take the medicine how many times a day. D. how many times a day she should take the medicine. IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question: I’ve always been a bit of an entertainer and played the funny man. I was apart-time comedian for years, so I learned how to stand in front of the audiences. It made me sure of myself. I like being liked and I love making everyone smile. I’ve lived in London all my life and have just moved to a larger house with my wife Clare and out two children, Jimmy and Madeleine. We spend a lot of time just singing and dancing around the house. I grew up with music because my dad is the pianist, Chester Harriot – who’s still playing, by the way. My working day is divided between television and writing cook books, though TV takes most of my time. I spend about five days a fortnight working on the cooking programs I appear in. I eat all sorts of things at home but I only buy quality food. When I’m cooking, I experiment with whatever is in the fridge – it’s good practice for my TV series. I’m a football fan and enjoy going to matches, but I’m a home-loving person really. I don’t like going to the pub but we do go out to eat about twice a month. There’s no better than a night at home playing with the children. I rarely go to bed before midnight. Late evening is when fresh thoughts on cooking usually come to me, so I often write and plan programs then. When I eventually get to bed, I have no trouble sleeping. 26. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text? A. to describe how he lives C. to talk about his cooking ideas 27. What would a reader learn about Ainsley (the writer) from the text? A. He is a very good musician B. He likes to plan the family meals. C. He is nervous about performing on stage. D. He enjoys spending time with his family. 28. What does the writer say about himself? A. He loves going out and meeting people. B. He is very similar to his father. C. He enjoys being popular. D. He should go to bed early.

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29. What does he say about his working life? A. He would like to appear less on TV. B. He gets his best ideas at certain time. C. He prefers being a comedian. D. He should practice cooking more. 30. Which of the following is the best description of the writer? A. The popular TV comedian who enjoys cooking, watching football and have a busy social life.

B. The TV cook who loves making people laugh, watching football and above all, having a happy family life.

C. purchase C. check C. not C. take C. who D. barter D. identify D. not to D. gain D. what B. change B. notice B. don’t B. make B. that

C. The singing TV cook who likes making jokes, playing with his children and having an early night. D. The cook and comedian who take great care about the way he cooks his food and enjoys listening to music more than anything. V. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 31. Someone asked us (A) whether that (B) we had visited (C) the museum (D). 32. He just doesn’t (A) understand why is the car (B) not running (C) properly (D). 33. She told (A) me she couldn’t (B) remember (C) where did she put (D) her purse. 34. Emma’s (A) boss told that (B) she could (C) leave early (D). 35. Rudy said (A) me that (B) she had to (C) finish (D) the report. VI. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. In Japan, politeness and good manners are very important and business meetings are very formal. Business card are also important and they _______ (36) these at the beginning of a meeting. They always look at them carefully, so you should do the same as they might think you’re rude if you don’t. A lot of communication is non-verbal. They are very good listeners and may ask a lot of questions to _________ (37) they understand everything. In a conversation they wait longer before they reply than westerners do, so it’s important _______(38) speak in those long pauses but to wait for no reply. In their culture it’s rude to ask direct questions or to say “No” or “I disagree”. In business it takes a long time to ________ (39) a decision because they have to ask everyone in the company. When they say “Yes” it may mean “I understand”, not “I agree”, and when they smile it might be because they don’t know ________ (40) to say. 36. A. exchange 37. A. find 38. A. to not 39. A. get 40. A. when VII. Word form: 1. Alternative medicines are now winning greater ________ among doctors. (accept) 2. You will be employed to ________ in the development of new equipment. (assistance) 3. The _________ ability of the whale is thought to be highly developed. (communicate) 4. She’s giving a small _______ party in the evening, so you don’t have to dress up. (formal) 5. Children are the most vulnerable members of _______. (social) VIII. Change the following sentences into Indirect Reported Speech 1. “I’m sorry I broke the glass”, said Peter.

Peter apologised__________________________________________________________

2. “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?”, he asked.

He suggested_____________________________________________________________

3. “Keep away from this area”, said the security guard when we approached the fence.

The security guard told_____________________________________________________

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4. Isabel: “You can’t borrow my pen, Robert!”.

Isabel___________________________________________________________________

5. “I don’t want to be criticized by non-professionals”, said the film star.

The film star objected______________________________________________________

6. “If I were you, I’d look for another job”, said one of my friends.

One of my friends_________________________________________________________

7. “Bring your umbrella in case it rains”, he said to me.

He told__________________________________________________________________

8. “Why don’t you ask her yourself?”, I said to my brother.

I________________________________________________________________________

9. “You should take science appreciation courses at school”, she said.

She______________________________________________________________________

10. “If I were you, I would take more exercise”, said his doctor.

His doctor_________________________________________________________________

11. “Don’t forget to phone me when you get to London”, said my mom.

My mom__________________________________________________________________

12. “Where has he been?”, she didn’t know that.

She didn’t ________________________________________________________________

13. “Have you ever been to Las Vegas?”, Vera asked Roger.

Vera_____________________________________________________________________

14. “Why didn’t he come to school yesterday?”, asked Michel.

Michel____________________________________________________________________

15. “It’s true that I broke your old vase”, she said in tears.

She

admitted________________________________________________________________ 16. “Hand over the money”, said the bank robber to the clerk.

The bank robber

told__________________________________________________________ 17. “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, said the coach.

The

coach___________________________________________________________________ 18. “How long has it been since you left this city, Bob?”, asked Mary.

Mary wanted to

know_________________________________________________________ 19. “Shall we walk round for a change this evening?”, she said.

She

suggested________________________________________________________________ 20. “I’ve just passed my driving test”, said Bill.

Bill_________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM (HỆ THỐNG GIÁO DỤC NHÀ TRƯỜNG)

I. VOCABULARY 1. academic year  academy niên học học viện, viện hàn lâm (n) (n)

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chương trình giảng dạy thiết kế sự thiết kế giáo dục sự giáo dục thuộc ngành giáo dục

 academic 2. art  artist 3. break 4. category 5. compulsory = obligatory  compulsory education  compulsorily phí tổn giữa học kỳ hệ thống trường độc lập hay dân lập

sự phụ thuộc

giáo dục tiểu học

(adj) về học thuật nghệ thuật (n) nghệ sĩ (n) giờ nghỉ (n) (n) hạng, loại (adj) ép buộc, bắt buộc giáo dục bắt buộc (n) (adv) bắt buộc (adj) chính yếu (n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adj) phải đóng học phí (n) (n) (adj) độc lập (n) sự độc lập (adj) phụ thuộc (n) (n) mức độ (v) tạo thành (adj) song song (n) (adj) công cộng (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (adj) (n) sự giáo dục ở nhà trường, học vấn giáo dục trung học chia ra tách biệt thiệt lập, làm gương trường công hệ thống trường học công lập (quốc lập) giai đoạn giáo trình công nghệ, kĩ thuật ngành công nghệ thông tin thuộc về công nghệ học kì

6. core 7. curriculum 8. design  design 9. educate  education  educational 10. fee-paying  fee 11. half term 12. independent or public school system 13. independent  independence  dependent  dependence 14. level 15. make up (of) = consist of 16. parallel 17. primary education 18. public 19. schooling 20. secondary education 21. separate  separate 22. set 23. state school  state school system 24. stage 25. syllabus (plu.: syllabuses or syllabi) 26. technology  information technology (IT)  technological 27. term 28. General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) chứng chỉ giáo dục THPT (bằng TN THPT)

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II. GRAMMAR 1. PASSIVE VOICE General rule: S + V + O + …

S + BE + V3 /-ed …. by + O.

Ex: - She usually takes my car. → My car is usually taken.

So + is/ am/ are + V3/ed + Os So + is/ am/ are + being + V3/ed + Os So + was/ were + V3/ed + Os So + was/ were + being + V3/ed + Os So + have/ has + been + V3/ed + Os So + had + been + V3/ed + Os So + will be + V3/ed + Os So + will have been+ V3/ed + Os

Simple present Present continuous Simple Past Past continuous Present Perfect Past perfect Simple future Future perfect Near future

Have to Modals S + have to + Vo + O S + can/must/may… + Vo + O S+ V(s/es/ o) + O S + is/ am/ are + Ving +O S+ Vqk/ed + O S + was/ were + Ving + O S + have/ has + PP + O S + had + PP + O S + will + Vo + O S + will have + done + O S + is/am / are going to + Vo+ O So + is/am / are going to be + V3/ed + Os So + have to be + V3/ed + Os So + can/must/may… + be + V3/ed + Os

= They gave a reward (Direct Object) to the finder (Indirect Object).

= A reward was given to the finder.

 It is said that he has a collection of stamps. (cấu trúc 1)  He is said to have a collection of stamps. (cấu trúc 2)

2. PASSIVE WITH TWO-OBJECT VERBS Active: They gave the finder (Indirect Object) a reward (Direct Object). Passive: The finder was given a reward. 3. PASSIVE WITH REPORTING VERBS Khi muốn tường thuật lại ý mình nghe được của người khác, ta dùng cấu trúc “It is said that…” hoặc “He is said to…” Ex: People say that he has a collection of stamps. Chúng ta có thể dùng với nhiều động từ khác nhau: Cấu trúc 1:

that ….. It is It was

said believe thought known reported expected considered understood alleged (bị coi là)

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Cấu trúc 2: (He) is (He) was to + V0 to have V3/ed

said believe thought known reported expected considered understood alleged (bị coi là)

 He is thought to have been telling a lie.

Trong cấu trúc 2 có 2 trường hợp là “to V0” và “to have V3/ed” Nếu hành động xảy ra cùng thì với nhau thì dùng “To V0”, hành động xảy ra trước “He is/was said..” thì dùng “to have V3/ed” Ex: People say that he works for a foreign company.  He is said to work for a foreign company. Ex: People think that he was telling a lie. 4. CAUSATIVE FORM (HAVE/GET)

Have + someone + V0 Get + someone + to V0 Have/Get + something + V3/ed

D. retain D. extol B. contain B. patrol C. seaman C. idol

B. label B. typical B. reign C. vessel C. typing C. foreign D. chapel D. stylish D. main

D. unnecessary B. optional C. illegal

C. space B. stage D. level

D. purpose C. target B. aim

C. photocopying D. photocopied B. to photocopy

C. is thinking D. thought

Ex: I repaired my motorbike yesterday.  I had my motorbike repaired yesterday. III. EXERCISES I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group 1. A. remain 2. A. control II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group 3. A. parallel 4. A. typist 5. A. vein III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 6. Military is _________ in this country. Every man who reaches the age of 18 has to serve in the army for two years. A. compulsory 7. People tend to work hard at this __________ of life. A. distance 8. Concern for the environment is now at the _________ of many government’s policies. A. core 9. Why don’t you have the document ___________? A. photocopy 10. The strange disease ___________ to have originated in Africa. A. thinks B. is thought 11. You can use my phone if yours __________. A. won’t be worked D. doesn’t work C. isn’t worked B. won’t work

B. have it enlarging A. get it enlarging C. have it enlarged D. set it enlarged 12. It’s a beautiful photo. I’m going to _____________. 13. We hope to have the law_____________ by December.

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B. to pass D. passed

A. pass C. passing 14. “How does the washing machine work? “_________” D. A little B. Like this A. Not often

C. No. I didn’t B. I’m afraid not

B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented

B. check D. checked C. be checked

B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left

C. will be performing D. will have

D. are froze B. were froze C. were frozen

B. Have been the letters typed D. Had the letters typed

D. being used B. it is used

D. was invented B. is inventing C. invented

C. were destroyed D. is destroyed B. destroyed

C. Too much 15. “Call me when you get home”. “___________________” A. Don’t worry. I don’t forget. B. Don’t mention it C. Congratulations! D. You’re welcome 16. “Did they win the game?”. “___________” A. Yes. They are. D. No, they’re afraid not. 17. Today, many serious childhood diseases_________ by early immunization.[ sự miễn dịch] A. are preventing 18. Do you get your heating_________ every year? A. checking 19. Bicycles_________ in the driveway. A. must not leave 20. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony_________ next weekend A. is going to be performed B. has been performed perform 21. All bottles_________ before transportation. A. frozen 22. ___________________________.yet? A. Have the letters been typed C. Have the letters typed 23. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where _________ for administration, broadcasting and education. A. is used C. used 24. The telephone_________ by Alexander Graham Bell. A. is invented 25. Lots of houses_________ by the earthquake. A. are destroying IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question: In 1988, for the first time in British history, a National Curriculum was introduced. The National Curriculum tells pupils which subjects they have to study, what they must learn and when they have to take assessment tests. Between the age of 14 and 16, pupils study for their GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) exams. Pupils must take English Language, Maths and Science for GCSE, as well as a half GCSE in a foreign language and Technology. In addition, they must also be taught Physical Education, Religious Education and Sex Education, although they do not take exams in these subjects. At the age of 16, pupils can leave school. If pupils stay on, they usually take A (Advanced) levels, AS (Advanced Supplementary) levels or GNVQs (Greater National Vocational Qualifications). It is quite common to combine, for example, two A levels with one AS level, or one A level with one GNVQ. Pupils taking A levels study traditional subjects, such as France, Physics or History. To go to university, pupils usually need two or three A levels. AS levels are the same standard as A levels, but only half of the content: AS level German pupils take the A level German language exam, but do not take the A level German Literature exam. GNVQs are vocational qualifications. Pupils usually take on GNVQ in subjects such as Business, Leisure and Tourism, Manufacturing, and Art and Design. One GNVQ (at advanced level) is equal to two A levels. 26. Britain began to have a National Curriculum _____________.

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B. in the nineteenth

D. in 1988

B. Physical Education C. Maths D. English

C. four or five D. five or six

C. Art and Design D. Manufacturing

A. one hundred years ago century C. in 1898 27. Which of the following subjects do British students NOT take exams in? A. Science Language 28. Pupils need ____________ A levels to continue to study at university. A. one or two B. two or three 29. Which of the following subjects do British pupils NOT take on GNVQ in? A. German Literature B. Business 30. Pupils normally study for their GCSE between the ages of ____________. D. 16 and 18 B. 14 and 16 C. 15 and 17 A 12 and 14

B. opened B. running B. less B. raise B. even though C. to open C. has run C. few C. pay C. as if

V. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 31. The oil (A) price is believing (B) to be (C) rising (D) again. 32. While the (A) Browns were (B) away (C) on holiday, their house was broke into (D). 33. Film can only be developing (A) in a room that (B) is totally (C) dark (D). 34. It is certain (A) that classes will be (B) call off (C) because of (D) the snow. 35. While some people say (A) that a lot of time is wasting (B) in shopping (C) for clothes, others feel that it is a relaxing (D) activitity. VI. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. A tiny village school is soon to celebrate its 110 birthday – against all expectations. Five years ago it seemed certain to close but parents and other villagers fought the local education authority and raised funds to keep it __________ (36). It is now ending its first term as a school _________ (37) by the village community and the villagers are just proud of their achievement. They were furious when education chiefs try to make them send the village children to other schools further away because the number of pupils at the village school was too ________ (38). The villagers started a huge campaign to _________ (39) money. They collected enough to hire a teacher and begin to help with school cleaning, lunch supervision and lessons. Now the school is doing well and it seems _____________ (40) it will continue to run in the future. D. for opening 36. A. open D. to run 37. A. run D. small 38. A. little D. deal 39. A. rise 40. A. in case D. if only VII. Word form: 1. Children should be encouraged to be _________ thinkers. (depend) 2. The ______ brought his paints with him. (art) 3. Others students may try to improve their ________ performance by going to their summer schools. (academy) 4. The school aims to ________ children in a caring environment. (education) 5. Modern _______ has opened our eyes to many things. (technological) VIII. Change the following sentences into Passive Voice 1. He is preparing everything for the presidential election.

_________________________________________________________________________ 2. He put the letter in the drawer, and then he locked it up.

__________________________________________________________________________ 3. By the end of this year, we will have learnt 2,000 English words.

__________________________________________________________________________ 4. Her father was planting different kinds of flowers in the garden.

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__________________________________________________________________________ 5. The Prime Minister is making a speech at the moment.

__________________________________________________________________________ 6. The doctor pulled out one of my teeth yesterday morning.

__________________________________________________________________________ 7. His wife usually brings him sandwiches at lunch time.

__________________________________________________________________________ 8. The light went out while I was making a cup of tea.

__________________________________________________________________________ 9. The students of chemistry made many experiments last week.

__________________________________________________________________________ 10. For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand.

__________________________________________________________________________

11. A pair of robins has built a nest in the porch since last week.

__________________________________________________________________________ 12. They say that she is the best singer in this town. She _______________________________________________________________________ 13. They believe he will be the winner. It ________________________________________________________________________ 14. People think that Tom stole food in the supermarket 3 days ago. Tom ______________________________________________________________________ 15. Someone reported that the situation was under control. The situation _______________________________________________________________ 16. It is said that she works 16 hours a day.

She ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign. The company ________________________________________________________________ 18. Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year. It __________________________________________________________________________ 19. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. The man _____________________________________________________________________ 20. Someone believed that the President had suffered a heart attack. The president _________________________________________________________________

UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION (GIÁO DỤC ĐẠI HỌC) I. VOCABULARY

sự thú nhận, sự thừa nhận nhận, thừa nhận; thú nhận dự án công trình tiến bộ

làm kinh ngạc, làm sửng sốt làm kinh ngạc, làm sửng sốt

1. academically 2. admission  admit 3. advanced Engineering project  advanced 4. amaze  amazing  amazed  amazement 5. apply  application (adv) về mặt lý thuyết (n) (v) (n) (adj) nâng cao (v) (adj) (adj) ngạc nhiên, sửng sốt (n) (v) (n) sự kinh ngạc, sự sửng sốt xin việc làm, áp dụng đơn xin, sự áp dụng, sự ứng dụng

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 applicant

khuôn viên trường đại học

sự thách thức thách thức

tạo nên,tạo thành, sáng tạo sự tạo thành, sự sáng tạo óc sáng tạo, tính sáng tạo

 creative

 feel at home

làm thoái chí, làm nản chí làm thoái chí, làm nản lòng khoa công trình sự tồn tại tồn tại cảm thấy cảm thấy thoải mái cố cầm nước mắt cảm thấy thoải mái, dễ chịu hòa hợp với ai đó tốt nghiệp (sự) tốt nghiệp, lễ tốt nghiệp ấn tượng sự lạm phát gây lạm phát bạn giữa học kỳ lặp đi lặp lại

đề án, dự án; kế hoạch thảo kế hoạch, làm đề án sự sợ hãi, sự kinh hoàng làm kinh hãi, làm sợ hãi

 scared

 socially tham gia (n) người nộp đơn xin việc (n) mẫu đơn, đơn xin việc sự khiển trách; lời trách mắng (n) (v) đổ lỗi, khiển trách (adj) đáng khiển trách (adj) không khiển trách được (n) (adj) độ C (n) (v) (adj) kích thích, thách thức (v) (n) (n) (adj) có tính sáng tạo (adj) (v) (n) (n) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (n) (idiom) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adj) đáng sợ, ghê rợn (adj) sợ hãi xã hội (n) người ủng hộ CNXH (n) chủ nghĩa xã hội (n) xã hội hoá, hòa nhập XH (v) (adj) thuộc xã hội (adv) về mặt giao tiếp bạn bè (v) (adv) cẩn thận, kỹ lưỡng, hoàn toàn, rất nhiều

 application form 6. blame (sb for sth)  blame  blameful  ≠ blameless 7. campus 8. Celsius 9. challenge  challenge  challenging 10. create  creation  creativity 11. daunting  daunt 12. engineering 13. existance  exist 14. feel- felt- felt 15. fight back tears 16. feel at home 17. get on well with sb 18. graduate  graduation 19. impression 20. inflation  inflate 21. mate 22. midterm 23. over and over (again) 24. project  project 25. scare= fright  scare = frighten  scary = frightening 26. society  socialist  socialism  socialize  social 27. take part in = participate in 28. thoroughly II. GRAMMAR I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

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Câu điều kiện có 2 mệnh đề: Mệnh đề phụ (mệnh đề điều kiện) bắt đầu bằng IF, và mệnh đề chính (nêu kết quả). Có 4 loại câu điều kiện: 1. REAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( TYPE 1) (có thể xảy ra ở tương lai)

a. Future possible

If + S + V (simple present) + S + will/ can/ may/ must...+ V0.

Ex:. If I have time, I will visit you.

b. Habitual (thói quen, sự thật).

If + S + V (simple present) + S + V (simple present).

Ex: Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time.

c. Command (câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu).

If + S + V (simple present) + command form (V + O)

Ex: Please buy me some fruits if you go to market.

2. PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( TYPE 2 ) (không có thật ở hiện

tại)

If + S + V (simple past) + S + would/ should/ could/ might + V0.

(Dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi)

Ex: If today were Saturday, I could go to the beach.

If I had time, I would write you a letter.

3. PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( TYPE 3) (không có thật ở quá khứ)

If + S + V (past perfect), S + would/ could/ might + have +

V3/ed.

Ex: If I hadn’t lost my way, I would have arrived sooner.

4. MIXED CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (mệnh đề trộn)

Type 1: Đã xảy ra ở quá khứ nhưng kết quả ở hiện tại (3-2)

If + S + V (past perfect), S + would/could + V0

Ex: If I hadn’t told her about this, she wouldn’t be sad now.

Type 2: điều kiện ở hiện tại, nhưng kết quả ở quá khứ (2-3)

If + S + V (past tense), S + would/ could + have + V3/ed

Ex: If she loved him, she would have stayed with him.

II. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ IF

IF 1: Should + S + (not ) + V0, S + will/can….. + V0

Ex: Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis

Were + S + O/ (not) to V, S + would/could + V0

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IF 2:

Ex: If I were younger, I would play tennis.  Were I younger, I would play tennis.

If I learnt Chinese, I would read a Chinese book.  Were I to learn Chinese, I would read a

Chinese book.

IF 3: Had + S + (not) +V3/ed + O, S + would/ could have + V3/ed

Ex: If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam.  Had he studied hard, he would

have passed his exam.

NOTE:

Unless = If…… not……

Ex: If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam.

= Unless you study hard, you will fail in the exam.

Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.

= Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster.

Wish = If only: Ước, giá mà

a. Future wish: S + wish + S + would/ could + V (bare inf.) Ex: I wish I would be an astronaut in the future. b. Present wish: S + wish + S + V (simple past). Ex: I can’t swim.  I wish I could swim c. Past wish: S + wish + S + V (past perfect) Ex: She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house.

B. candidate B. reference D. applicant D. available C. severely C. consider

B. courtesy B. level B. charge C. source C. league C. chase D. force D. leader D. chaos

III. EXERCISES I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group 1. A. average 2. A. insurance II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group 3. A. course 4. A. legal 5. A. choice III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 6. _____they’re a great company to work for. I’ve never been to so many parties in my life. B. Social A. Society C. Socially D. Sociable

C. make A. stay D. see

7. It took her many weeks to _________ at home on campus. B. feel 8. Everyone was __________ at his knowledge at philosophy. B. amazement C. amazing A. amaze D. amazed

9. Starting school may be a(n) ________ experience for many children. A. thorough C. daunting D. social B. advanced 10. It’s really _________to think how much power these people have! A. scary B. scare C. scared D. to scare

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A. leave / will have C. hadn’t left / would have 11. If I _____ my wallet at home this morning, I _____ money for lunch now. B. didn’t leave / would have D. hadn’t left / would have had

12. It is too bad, Lam isn’t here. If he _____ here, he _____ what to do. A. were / would know C. had been / would have known B. is / will know D. was / would know

13. If we _____ the plans carefully, we would not have had so many serious mistakes. D. were studying B. had studied C. studied A. study 14. I will never talk to you again _____ you apologize me _____ your being rude. A. if / for B. unless / for C. or / of D. whether / or 15. I think you should stop smoking.

A. If I am you, I will stop smoking. C. If I were you, I would stop smoking. B. If I were you, I will stop smoking. D. If I had been you, I would stop smoking. 16. Unless we _____ more snow, we can’t go skiing.

A. will have B. have C. have had D. had 17. You’ll fail the exam _____ you start revising. A. if B. until C. when D. unless 18. Unless you wash the car, you _____ not drive it at the weekend. A. would C. have to B. could D. may

19. If Peter _____ his car before the drive, he _____ the problem of out of petrol. A. checked / will not get C. checks / will not have got B. had checked / would not have got D. would be checking / will not have got 20. He stepped on the mine, and it exploded.

A. If he doesn’t step on the mine, it doesn’t explode. B. If he doesn’t step on the mine, it won’t explode. C. If he didn’t step on the mine, it wouldn’t explode. D. If he hadn’t stepped on the mine, it wouldn’t have exploded. 21. In my experiments, the liquid is cooled to 32ºF. It always freezes.

A. If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it froze. B. If you cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would freeze. C. If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it will freeze. D. If you had cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would have frozen.

22. It may rain this afternoon. I hope it doesn’t because I don’t want the match to be cancelled. A. If it rains, the match is cancelled.

B. If it rains, the match will be cancelled. C. If it rained, the match would be cancelled. D. If it had rained, the match would have been cancelled. 23. Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question.

A. If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question. B. If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question. C. If I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question. D. If I had known Philosophy, I would have been able to answer your question.

C. has been / would enjoy D. were / could

B. would find C. found D. would have

B. had D. would have had 24. If he _____ with us now, he _____ the beauty of nature of the National Park. A. is / can enjoy B. was / will enjoy enjoy 25. If they had searched more carefully, they______the watch sooner. A. will find found 26. If I had got up early, I _____ enough time to have breakfast now. C. would have A. have 27. I cannot buy a new computer _____ I save enough money.

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D. as if C. unless B. even if

C. made D. would make

C. made B. had made D. would make

C. am B. were

A. if 28. If I had taken that English course, I __________much progress. B. would have made A. had made 29. If I were in your place, I ___________a trip to England. A. will make 30. If I __________ you , I’d save some of your lottery winning. D. was A. be IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question: Last week I went to visit Atlantis College, an excellent private college in Wales. Unusually, it gives people much needed experience of life outside the classroom, as well as the opportunity to study for their exams. The students, who are aged between 16 and 18 and come from all over the world, spend the morning studying. In the afternoon they go out and do a really useful activity, such as helping on the farm, looking after people with learning difficulties, or checking for pollution in rivers. One of the great things about Atlantics College students is that they come from many different social backgrounds and countries. As few can afford the fees of £20,000 over two years, grants are available. A quarter of students are British, and many of those can only attend because they receive government help. “I really admire the college for trying to encourage international understanding among young people”, as Barbara Molenkamp, a student from the Netherlands, said. “You learn to live with people and respect them, even the ones you don’t like. During the summer holidays my mother couldn’t believe how much less I argued with my sister.” To sum up, Atlantics College gives its students an excellent education, using method which really seem to work. 31. What is the writer trying to do in the text? A. give an opinion about a particular student. B. give an opinion about a special type of education C. describe the activities the students do in their free time. D. describe his own experience of education 32. What can a reader find out from this text? A. how to become a student at Atlantics College B. what kind of programme Atlantics College offers C. what the British education system is like D. how to get along better with other people 33. What is the writer’s opinion of Atlantics College? A. it doesn’t allow students enough study time. B. Its students are taught to like each other. C. it doesn’t give good value for money. D. its way of teaching is successful. 34. How has Barbara changed since being a student at Atlantics College? A. She knows a lot about other countries B. She is more confident than her sister now. C. She finds it easy to get on with other people. D. She prefers her new friends to her family. 35. The word “argued” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to_______. B. respected A quarreled D. regarded C. admired

V. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 36. If Tom had come sooner (A), he could has eaten (B) dinner with (C) the whole (D) family. 37. If my father hasn’t (A) encouraged me to take (B) the exam, I wouldn’t (C) have done (D) it. 38. If you give me more time (A) and (B) I will (C) successfully (D) finish this project.

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C. a little C. information C. hand C. to C. by D. less D. housework D. rise D. at D. for

39. If we will reduce (A) the speed of population growth (B), there will be less (C) pressure on (D) the earth. 40. If I were (A) you, I will go (B) to the dentist’s (C) and have the tooth checked (D). VI. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. The relationship between students and teachers is _________ (41) formal in the USA than in many other countries, especially at the college level. American college students do not stand up when their teacher enters the room. Students are generally encouraged to ask questions in class, to stop in the professor’s office for extra help, and to phone if they are absent and need a(n) ____________ (42). Most teachers allow students to enter class late or leave early, if necessary. Despite the lack of formality, students are still expected to be polite to their teachers and fellow classmates. When students want to ask questions, they usually _______ (43) a hand and wait to be called on. When the teacher or a student is speaking to the class, it is rude to begin whispering ___________ (44) another classmate. When a test is being given, talking to a classmate is not only rude but also risky. Most American teachers consider that students who are talking to each other __________ (45) a test are cheating. B. most 41. A. much B. homework 42. A. assignment B. hold 43. A. raise B. for 44. A. with B. during 45. A. at VII. Word form: 1. The human body has an ______ capacity to repair itself. (amaze) 2. He was one of 30 _________ for the manager’s job. (apply) 3. American art reached a peak of ________ in the 50s and 60s. (create) 4. They adopt behavious that is more ______ acceptable among their peers. (society) 5. I am _______ that the plane might crash. (scary) VIII. Change the following sentences into Conditional Sentence 1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.  If________________________________________________________________ 2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.  If________________________________________________________________ 3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.  If________________________________________________________________ 4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.  If________________________________________________________________ 5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.

 If________________________________________________________________ 6. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.  If________________________________________________________________ 7. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy  If________________________________________________________________ 8. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.  If________________________________________________________________ 9. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.  If________________________________________________________________ 10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.

 If________________________________________________________________ 11. I didn’t eat lunch, so I feel hungry now.

 If________________________________________________________________

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12. I only come if they invite me.  Unless ________________________________________________________________ 13. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.

 If_____________________________________________________________________ 14. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.  Unless_________________________________________________________________ 15. The children don’t go to school because it is snowy.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 16. He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now.  Had___________________________________________________________________ 17. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.  Unless_________________________________________________________________ 18. The car breaks down so often because I don’t take good care of it.  Were I ________________________________________________________________

19. He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 20. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 21. She won the lottery last year, so she is rich now.

 If_____________________________________________________________________ 22. Because I didn’t do my homework last night, I don’t get bonus today.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 23. We played this game yesterday, so we have a lot of money now.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 24. She didn’t listen to me, so she is in trouble right now.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 25. He loves her, that’s why he married her.  If_____________________________________________________________________ 26. Hong cannot swim.  Hong wishes ____________________________________________________________

27. I will have a test tomorrow.  I wish __________________________________________________________________ 28. I regretted not telling him what happened last night.  I wish __________________________________________________________________ 29. We live in a small flat.  We wish ________________________________________________________________ 30. I don’t have time to study.  I wish __________________________________________________________________ UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS (NGHỀ NGHIỆP TƯƠNG LAI)

thừa nhận; thú nhận sự thú nhận, sự thừa nhận

I. VOCABULARY 1. admit  admission 2. casual  casual clothes 3. candidate 4. certificate 5. comment 6. concentrate on = focus on  comment on/ upon sth (v) (n) (adj) bình thường, thường quần áo bình thường (n) thí sinh, ứng cử viên (n) chứng chỉ, văn bằng (n) sự nhận xét, lời bình luận (n) nhận xét, bình luận về (v) tập trung, chú ý (v)

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sự tập trung làm thất vọng sự thất vọng thất vọng sự cố gắng; sự nỗ lực ông chủ người làm công, nhân viên việc làm thất nghiệp sự thất nghiệp tuyển dụng, thuê

sự hăng hái, sự nhiệt tình người hăng hái, người say mê

 enthusiastically

biểu lộ, diễn đạt sự bày tỏ, nét mặt lương thiện, trung thực, thật thà

tính trung thực; tính chân thật  honesty  honestly sự hài hước, sự hóm hỉnh

tính hài hước ấn tượng gây ấn tượng; làm cảm động

ngoài ra phỏng vấn cuộc phỏng vấn người phỏng vấn người được phỏng vấn ghi tóm tắt, ghi nhanh

sự hăng hái, sự say mê

 concentration 7. disappoint  disappointment  disappointed 8. effort 9. employer  employee  employment  unemployed  unemployment  employ 10. enthusiastic  enthusiasm  enthusiast 11. express  expression 12. honest  ≠dishonest 13. humour  humourous 14. impression  impress  impressive 15. in addition 16. interview  interview  interviewer  interviewee 17. jot down 18. keen on  keenness 19. neat  neatly 20. nervous= anxious  nervousness

 sense of humour (n) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (n) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) hăng hái, nhiệt tình; say mê (n) (n) (adv) nhiệt tình, hăng hái (v) (n) (adj) (adj) không trung thực, bất lương (n) (adv) thật thà, thành thật (n) (adj) khôi hài, hài hước; hóm hỉnh (n) (n) (v) (adj) gây ấn tượng sâu sắc (v) (n) (n) (n) (v) (adj) hăng hái, say mê (n) (adj) gọn gàng (adv) gọn gàng, ngăn nắp (adj) sợ hãi, lo lắng, bồn chồn sự bồn chồn, bối rối (n) sức ép, áp lực (n) gây sức ép, gây áp lực (v) khả năng chuyên môn, trình độ chuyên (n)

 reduction thư giới thiệu giảm, giảm bớt, hạ sự giảm bớt có liên quan 21. pressure  pressurize 22. qualification môn 23. recommendation  recommend  recommendatory  letter of recommendation 24. reduce 25. relate (to) 26. résumé = curriculum vitae (CV) sự giới thiệu; sự tiến cử (n) (v) giới thiệu; tiến cử (adj) để giới thiệu, để tiến cử (n) (v) (n) (v) (n) bản lý lịch, bản tóm tắt

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ý thức trách nhiệm lỗi, khuyết điểm, điểm yếu

27. sense of responsibility 28. shortcoming 29. stressful  stress  stressed  stress 30. vacant  vacancy (n) (n) (adj) gây ra căng thẳng (n) tâm trạng căng thẳng, trọng âm (adj) bị căng thẳng, được nhấn mạnh (v) (adj) (n) ép, làm căng thẳng trống rỗng, bỏ trống công việc cần tuyển

II. GRAMMAR RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) Mệnh đề quan hệ còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) vì nó được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề này được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các phó từ quan hệ như When, Where, Why.

Person Thing

Person + thing That That Subject Who/ that Object Whom/ (who)/ Which/ that Which/ that/ X

EXAMPLES that/ X Ex: The book which/ that/ X you lent me is interesting. This is the man who/ whom/ that/ X I met yesterday. 1. REVISION: RELATIVE (ĐẠI TỪ) USED AS (DÙNG NHƯ)

USED FOR (DÙNG CHO) people WHO Subject or object

people WHOM

Object only, after prepositions

WHICH Things and animals Subject or object

THAT Subject or object People, things and animals

WHOSE Of whom, of which

People, things and animals The man who lives nest door works in my office. The man who/whom I’m talking about works in her office She is the woman whom you saw in her room yesterday. She’s going to marry the man with whom she went on holiday. The dog which bit the postman belongs to him. The dog which you saw outside my house belongs to him. The man who/that lives nest door works in my office. The man who/whom/that I’m talking about works in her office The dog which/that bit the postman belongs to him. The dog which/that you saw outside my house belongs to him. The children whose paintings win the competition will be given a scholarship. They are playing a game whose rules I couldn’t understand.

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Places This is the street where the accident happened. WHERE

Time I still remember the day when we first met. WHEN

She gave us the reason why she loved him. What I want now is a cup of coffee. WHY WHAT Adverbs of places Adverb of time Reason Subject or object Reason The things which

2. OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS Ta có thể lược bỏ who, whom, which, that nếu nó thay thế cho tân ngữ. Ex: She is the woman whom you saw in her room yesterday.  She is the woman you saw in her room yesterday. Note: không thề lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ nếu có dấu phẩy (mệnh đề không xác định), hoặc sau giới từ. Ex: Mr Dan, whom I invited to dinner, didn’t come. She’s going to marry the man with whom she went on holiday. 3. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Được dùng để chỉ rõ người hoặc vật nào muốn đề cập, do đó, mệnh đề xác định không thể thiếu trong câu, nếu không có nó sẽ không rõ nghĩa. Chúng ta không dùng dấu phẩy trước và sau mệnh đề xác định. Ex: The picture which is stolen is worth millions of dollars. 4. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Được dùng cho thêm thông tin, khi mệnh đề chính đã đủ nghĩa, thường được tách biệt bằng dấu phẩy. Mệnh đề không xác định được dùng sau Tên riêng, This That These Those, Tính từ sở hữu (my, your, our, their, Lan’s…) Ex: Mr Dan, who teaches English, has written several books. This company, which makes computer, was found 20 years ago. My cousin, who has just passed the final exam, is going to study abroad. 5. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho một từ đứng sau giới từ, ta có cách làm sau: Ex: Karen is my sister. I told you about her.  Karen, whom/who/that/O I told you about is my sister.  Karen, ABOUT WHOM I told you is my sister.  Chỉ dùng WHOM, WHICH sau giới từ, không dùng THAT, WHO sau giới từ. Ex: Mr Dan hasn’t given us his reply. We sent the letter to him.  Mr Dan, TO WHOM we sent the letter, hasn’t given us his reply. This is his book. He is most proud of it.  This is his book, OF WHICH he is most proud. Note: Chúng ta có thể dùng từ chỉ số lượng (all, most, some, none, neither, both, many, several, a few, one/two/three…) kèm theo “OF + WHOM/ WHICH” EX: They have four children. All of them are married.  They have four children, ALL OF WHOM are married. He has three cars. One of them was made in Japan.  He has three cars, ONE OF WHICH was made in Japan.

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C. employ C. previous D. reduce D. aspect B. effort B. vacant

C. cashier C. advent C. complain D. cash D. admire D. comment B. case B. advance B. compose

5. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES (V-ing or V3/ed) Ta có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách thay thế present participle (V-ing) hoặc past participle (V3/ed) theo các trường hợp sau: TH1: The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.  The man talking to the teacher is my father. TH2: The book which was published last week is her first novel.  The book published last week is her first novel. TH3: Fans who wanted to buy tickets started queuing early.  Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early. TH4: Students who prepare for their exams usually stay up late at night.  Students preparing for their exams usually stay up late at night. 6. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY TO-INFINITIVE (TO V1) Ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách dùng To V1. Dùng trong các trường hợp sau: TH1: Sau các từ The last, the first, the only, the second…. Ex: Dan is the first person who gave the correct answer.  Dan is the first person to give the correct answer. Ex: Alice was the second applicant who was interviewed.  Alice was the second applicant to be interviewed. TH2: Sau so sánh nhất Ex: She was the youngest person who received the prize.  She was the youngest person to receive the prize. TH3: Mục đích, cho phép. Ex: I think she has something that she wanted to say.  I think she had something to say. Ex: The children need a garden which they can play in.  The children need a garden to play. TH4: sau các từ: something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, nobody, everybody, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere… Ex: Is there anything that I can eat?  Is there anything to eat? III. EXERCISES I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group 1. A. express 2. A. create II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group 3. A. casual 4. A. admit 5. A. command III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 6. Letters of recommendation from your previous __________ would be helpful to you when

B. employers C. employment D. employs applying for a job. A. employees 7. Interviewees must __________ every effort to answer all the questions they are asked during

the interview. A. make B. do C. get D. take 8. It was such a ________ job that he quit it after two months at work. A. stress B. stressed C. stressful D. stresses 9. All employers need workers who have a good sense of ______________.

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A. responsible B. irresponsible C. responsibly D. responsibility 10. Although they are not rich, their children are always _____________ dressed. A. neat B. neatly C. untidy

C. which D. where

C. who D. they

D. whose

C. what

B. where C. that

C. whose B. when

C. in that B. that

B. what C. who

D. where C. which

D. where C. who B. that

D. untidily 11. Vietnam, _________is in the south-east Asia, exports rice coffee and rubber. A. who B. that 12. They are the children __________won the match yesterday. B. whom A. whose 13. They live in the house _______ they bought last year. A. whom C. where B. which 14. The girl ______ you met yesterday is a famous pop singer. A. whom D. which B. whose 15. It’s going to rain in Canberra, ____________ is the capital city of Australia. D. when A. which 16. The man _________you met on Main Street yesterday is your new teacher. A. which D. whom 17. That’s the house _________Shakespeare was born. D. where A. which 18. The scientist _________discovered a new planet has won the Nobel Prize. A. which D. whom 19. The book _______ is on the table belongs to my teacher. A. who B. it 20. He invited us to the house ________ he was born and grew up. A. which 21. I like the village ____ I used to live. B. in where A. in that C. which D. in which 22. The little girl ____ I borrowed this pen has gone. A. whose B. from who C. from that D. from whom

23. The speech ___ we listened last night was information. C. to that A. to which B. which to D. that 24. The boy to ____ I lent my money is poor. A. that B. who C. whom D. B and C 25. The knife ____ we cut bread is very sharp. A. with that B. which C. with which D. that

B. who killed D. to be killed C. being killed

B. to be elected C. was elected

D. whom objects C. to object

C. to be interviewed D. which is interviewed B. interviewing

D. which explained C. explaining B. explained

26. He was the last person ____ in this way. A. to kill 27. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman _____ governor in the United State. D. her election as A. who elected 28. She is the only in the discussion ____ to using nuclear power. A. objects B. objected 29. Johnny was the last applicant ____ for a position in that energy station. A. to interview 30. The instructions ……………. by Professor Johnson helped us know more about the danger of energy pollution. A. that explained IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:

Computer programmer David Jones earns £35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank prepared to let him have a cheque card. Instead, he has been told to wait for another two years, until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. David’s firm releases two new games for the expanding home computer market each month.

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But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Despite his salary, earned by inventing new programs within tight schedules, with bonus payments and profit-sharing, he cannot drive a car, take out the mortgage, or obtain credit cards. He lives with his parents in their council house in Liverpool, where his father is a bus driver. His company has to pay £150 a month in taxi fares to get him the five miles to work and back every day because David cannot drive.

David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago, a year later leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,” he said. “I suppose £35,000 sounds a lot but actually that’s being pessimistic. I hope it will come to more than that this year.” He spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother £20 a week. But most his spare time is spent working.

B. he is not unemployed D. he lives at home with his parent.

D. learning to drive

B. he had written some computer programs D. he had learnt to use computers at school

“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school,” he said. “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew that I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.” David added: “I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.” 31. Why is David different from other young people at his age? A. he earns an extremely high salary. C. he doesn’t go out much 32. David’s greatest problem is __________. A. making the banks treat him as an adult B. inventing computer games C. spending his salary 33. He was employed by the company because____________. A. he had worked in a computer shop C. he works very hard 34. He left school after taking O-levels because ___________. A. he didn’t enjoy school B. he wanted to work with computers and staying at school didn’t help him. C. he was afraid of getting too old to start computing D. he wanted to earn a lot of money 35. Why does David think he might retire early?

A. you have to be young to write computer programs. B. he wants to stop working when he is a millionaire. C. he thinks computer games might not always sell so well. D. he thinks his firm might go bankrupt.

V. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 36. This year (A), that (B) is for the first time, the event is open to (C) all amateur athletes along with (D) the traditional professional. 37. They work (A) in (B) a hospital sponsoring (C) by (D) the government. 38. Do you get on (A) with the person (B) whom (C) lives next door (D)? 39. The flight on it (A) I wanted (B) to travel (C) was fully booked (D). 40. Are these (A) the keys that (B) you are looking for (C) them (D). VI. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. Manual Gonzalez comes from Spain. He usually lives in Madrid and works ___________ (41) a journalist for a Spanish newspaper, but two years ago he decided to take a year _________ (42) work to live in different countries in Europe and write a book about Europeans. He spent the first two months in Scandinavia _________ (43) information and then moved to Germany for a month. At present he is staying in Paris, where he is renting a flat for five weeks. Four years ago, he wrote a ________ (44) travel guide to Spain and now he is working hard to have the same __________ (45) with his book about Europeans.

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C. by C. away C. collecting C. best-selling C. successful B. for B. to B. to collect B. best-sold B. success D. as D. from D. collection D. best-to-sell D. successfully

41. A. in 42. A. off 43. A. collected 44. A. best-sell 45. A. succeed VII. Word form: 1. Politicians have given an __________ welcome to the Queen’s speech. (enthusiasm) 2. When Jane came to see the _________, she was nervous at first but soon composed herself. (interview) 3. Of course our kids _________ us sometimes, but we don’t stop loving them. (disappointment) 4. Academic ability is not the sole criterion for ________ to the college. (admit) 5. I _______ think that it’s better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. (honest) VIII. Combine sentence using Relative Clause: 1. The movie was interesting. We went to it. _______________________________________________________________ 2. I met the people. You told me about them. _______________________________________________________________ 3. I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.

________________________________________________________________ 4. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night. _______________________________________________________________ 5. The music was gentle. We listened to it last night. ________________________________________________________________ 6. Manchester is the largest city in USA. My brother lives there. ________________________________________________________________ 7. I’ve recently gone back to the town. I was born in the town. ________________________________________________________________ 8. Do you know the name of the hotel? John is staying at the hotel. ________________________________________________________________ 9. 6. 4th June is the day. I was born on that day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. We enjoy this city. It has been renewed a lot after the war. ________________________________________________________________ 11. That girl chatted with him yesterday. She arrived here at 6: 30. ________________________________________________________________

12. I’m reading those books. I bought them in London in 1996. ________________________________________________________________ 13. Trang couldn’t come to the party. This was perfectly true. ________________________________________________________________ 14. Do you know the girl? Tom is talking to the girl. ________________________________________________________________ 15. Tuan speaks English very well. He comes from Vietnam. ________________________________________________________________ 16. The woman lives next door to me. Her daughter is 10 years old. ________________________________________________________________ 17. The examination lasted 2 days. I was successful in this exams.

________________________________________________________________ 18. This is the result of our work. I’m pleased with it. ________________________________________________________________

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19. Mr. Brown is the man. His car was stolen last night. ________________________________________________________________ 20. This snake is dangerous. Its cage is made from iron.

________________________________________________________________

IX. Reduce Relative Clause using Ving, V3 hoặc Vto 21. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon ________________________________________________________________ 22. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. ________________________________________________________________ 23. The children who attend that school receive a good education. ________________________________________________________________ 24. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. ________________________________________________________________ 25. They live in a house that was built in 1980.

________________________________________________________________ 26. We have an apartment which overlooks the park. ________________________________________________________________ 27. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flew into space. ________________________________________________________________

28. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. ________________________________________________________________ 29. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country. ________________________________________________________________ 30. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals. ________________________________________________________________ 31. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us? ________________________________________________________________ 32. The people who were waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. ________________________________________________________________ 33. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. ________________________________________________________________ 34. They live in a house that was built in 1890. ________________________________________________________________ 35. He was the first man who left the burning building. ________________________________________________________________ 36. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors

________________________________________________________________ 37. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. ________________________________________________________________ 38. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. ________________________________________________________________ 39. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. ________________________________________________________________

UNIT 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE

I. VOCABULARY

1. ahead (adv) phía trước, trước

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2. better (v) làm tốt hơn, cải thiện

3. breathe (v) thở

-> breath (n) hơi thở

-> breathless (adj) không kịp thở

-> breathlessly (adv) không kịp thở

4. burden (n) gánh nặng

5. contrary (n) sự trái ngược

-> on the contrary trái ngược

-> contrary to (adj) trái ngược

6. contribute (v) đóng góp

-> contribution (n) sự đóng góp

-> contributor (n) người đóng góp

7. corporation (n) tập đoàn, công ty

8. depression (n) sự suy yếu, suy thoái

-> depress (v) làm chán nản, làm giảm

-> depressed (adj) chán nản, trì trệ

-> depressing (adj) làm chán nản, trì trệ

-> depressingly (adv) đáng ngại, đáng buồn

9. electronic (adj) điện tử

10. huge (adj) khổng lồ

11. influence (n) ảnh hưởng

-> influence (v) gây ảnh hưởng

-> influential (adj) có ảnh hưởng

12. instead of (prep) thay vì

13. labour-saving (adj) tiết kiệm sức lao động

14. link to (v) kết nối với

15. micro technology (n) công nghệ vi mô

16. normal (adj) bình thường, thông thường

-> normally (adv) thông thường

-> abnormal (adj) bất bình thường

17. optimistic (adj) lạc quan

-> optimist (n) người lạc quan

-> optimism (n) sự lạc quan

-> optimistically (adv) lạc quan, yêu đời

18. period (n) thời kì, giai đoạn

19. pessimistic (adj) bi quan

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-> pessimist (n) người bi quan

-> pessimism (n) sự bi quan

-> pessimistically (adv) bi quan

20. powerful (adj) mạnh mẽ, hùng mạnh

-> power (n) sức mạnh, quyền lực

-> powerless (adj) không có sức mạnh

-> powerfully (adv) hùng mạnh

21. progress (n) sự tiến bộ

22. space- shuttle (n) tàu con thoi

23. telecommunication (n) ngành viễn thông

24. terrorism (n) sự khủng bố

-> terrorist (n) kẻ khủng bố

-> terror (n) sự kinh hoàng, khiếp sợ

-> terrorize (v) làm khiếp sợ, khủng bố

25. thanks to nhờ vào

26. threaten (v) đe dọa

-> threat (n) lời, sự đe dọa

-> threatening (adj) đầy đe dọa

-> threateningly (adv) đe dọa

27. unexpected (adj) bất ngờ, gây ngạc nhiên

-> unexpectedly (adv) bất ngờ, gây ngạc nhiên

-> expect (v) mong đợi

-> expectation (n) sự mong đợi

28. wipe out (v) xóa sạch

II. GRAMMAR: PREPOSITIONS AND ARTICLES ( REVISION)

A. PREPOSITIONS

1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian (Prepositions of time):

• IN (trong, vào) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên, thế kỷ hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.

Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century,

in the Middle Age, in ten minutes

IN TIME: đúng lúc, kịp lúc

Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner?

• AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc các kỳ nghỉ (tòan bộ những ngày trong kỳ nghỉ)

Ex: at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend,

at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter

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At : được dùng trong một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at once, at that time, at first, at last

• ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các buổi trong ngày cụ thể.

Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday

ON TIME: đúng giờ

Ex: The train arrived right on time.

• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time

• SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002

• UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until 5 o’clock, till midnight

• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime

• AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime

• DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II

• BY (vào lúc): by the end of May

• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon

2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place):

• AT (ở, tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.

Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back

* Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station

But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City

• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi lại bằng xe hơi (car).

Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam, in the east, in a car/ taxi

* Lưu ý: in a car (trong xe hơi), but: by car (bằng xe hơi)

• ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà, trước tên đường (US) hoặc dùng với một số phương tiện đi lại.

Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/ (motor)bike/ horse, on foot

On cịn được dùng trong một số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/ radio…

• ABOVE/ OVER (bên trên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt)

Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list.

The sign over the door said: “Exit”.

• UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới)

Ex: The shoes are under the chair.

The temperature has fallen below zero.

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• IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa)

Ex: I hung my raincoat in front of/ behind the door.

• NEAR (gần)

Ex: Is there a train station near here?

• NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên)

Ex: Peter is standing by the gate.

• BETWEEN (ở giữa hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở giữa nhiều người/ vật)

Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter.

Tom is among the crowd.

• INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai)

Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed.

• OPPOSITE (đối diện)

Ex: They sat opposite each other.

B. ARTICLES: A, AN, THE

1. A, AN

Mạo từ bất định được dùng khi người nói đề cập đến một đối tượng chung hoặc chưa xác định được

We need a refrigerator. (Chúng tôi cần một cái tủ lạnh.)

Dùng Mạo từ bất định trước danh từ số ít đếm được

He drank a cup of coffee. (Anh ấy đã uống một cốc cà phê.)

Trước một danh từ làm bổ túc từ - thành phần phụ complement He was a famous person (Anh ấy đã từng là người nổi tiếng.)

A lot, a couple (một đôi/cặp), a third (một phần ba)

Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ lượng nhất định

A dozen (một tá), a hundred (một trăm, a quarter (một phần tư)

2 kilos: Two and half kilos/ two kilos and a half

Half: Ta dùng “a half” nếu half được heo sau một số nguyên Nhưng kilo: Half a kilo ( không có “a” trước half)

Không dùng a, an trong các trường hợp sau

Trước danh từ số nhiều Ta nói apples, không dùng an apples A/ an không có hình thức số nhiều

Không dùng trước danh từ không đếm được What you need is confidence (Cái anh cần là sự tự tin.)

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Ta nói: I have lunch at 12 o’clock. (Tôi ăn trưa lúc 12h.)

Không dùng trước tên gọi các bữa ăn trừ khi có tính từ đứng trước các tên gọi đó

Nhưng: He has a delicious dinner. (Anh ấy có một bữa tối thật ngon miệng)

Phân biệt cách sử dụng “a” và “an”

a game (một trò chơi, a boat (một chiếc tàu thủy)

Nhưng: a university (một trường đại học), a year (một năm) “a” đứng trước một phụ âm hoặc một nguyên âm có âm là phụ âm

a one-legged man (một người đàn ông thọt chân), a European (một người Châu Âu)

an egg (một quả trứng), an ant (một con kiến)

“an” đứng trước một nguyên âm hoặc một âm câm an hour (một giờ đồng hồ)

“an” cũng đứng trước các mẫu tự đặc biệt đọc như một nguyên âm an SOS (Một tín hiệu cấp cứu), an X-ray (một tia X)

2. THE

The được dùng khi danh từ chỉ đối tượng được cả người nói lẫn người nghe biết rõ đối tượng nào đó: đối tượng đó là ai, cái gì.

Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể là duy nhất hoặc được xem là duy nhất Ví dụ: The sun (mặt trời, the world (thế giới), the earth (trái đất)

Trước một danh từ nếu danh từ này vừa được để cập trước đó

I see a dog. The dog is chasing a cat. The cat is chasing a mouse. (Tôi thấy 1 chú chó. Chú chó đó đang đuổi theo 1 con mèo. Con mèo đó đang đuổi theo 1 con chuột.)

TRước một danh từ nếu danh từ này được xác bằng 1 cụm từ hoặc 1 mệnh đề The teacher that I met yesterday is my sister in law (Cô giáo tôi gặp hôm qua là chị dâu tôi.)

Please pass the jar of honey. (Làm ơn hãy đưa cho tôi lọ mật ong với.)

Đặt trước một danh từ chỉ một đồ vật riêng biệt mà người nói và người nghe đều hiểu

My father is cooking in the kitchen room. (Bố tôi đang nấu ăn trong nhà bếp.)

You are the best in my life. (Trong đời anh, em là nhất!)

Trước so sánh nhất (đứng trước first, second, only..) khi các từ này được dùng như tính từ hoặc đại từ. He is the tallest person in the world. (Anh ấy là người cao nhất thế giới.)

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The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (Cá voi đang trong nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.)

The + danh từ số ít: tượng trưng cho một nhóm thú vật hoặc đồ vật

The fast-food is more and more prevelent around the world (Thức ăn nhanh ngày càng phổ biến trên thế giới.)

Đặt “the” trước một tính từ để chỉ một nhóm người nhất định The old (Người già), the poor (người nghèo), the rich (người giàu)

The Pacific (Thái Bình Dương, The United States (Hợp chủng quốc Hoa Kỳ, the Alps (Dãy An pơ) The được dùng trước những danh từ riêng chỉ biển, sông, quần đảo, dãy núi, tên gọi số nhiều của các nước, sa mạc, miền

The + of + danh từ The North of Vietnam (Bắc Việt Nam, The West of Germany (Tây Đức) (Nhưng Northern Vietnam, Western Germany

The Smiths (Gia đình Smith (gồm vợ và các con)

The + họ (ở dạng số nhiều) có nghĩa là Gia đình The Browns (Gia đình Brown)

They went to the school to see their children. (Họ đến trường để thăm con cái họ.) Dùng “the” nếu ta nhắc đến một địa điểm nào đó nhưng không được sử dụng với đúng chức năng.

KHÔNG dùng THE ở những trường hợp sau

Trước tên quốc gia, châu lục, tên núi, hồ, đường phố

Europe;vi:Châu Âu, France, Wall Street, Sword Lake

(Ngoại trừ những nước theo chế độ Liên bang – gồm nhiều bang (state)

I like dogs.

Oranges are good for health. Khi danh từ không đếm được hoặc danh từ số nhiều dùng theo nghĩa chung chung, không chỉ riêng trường hợp nào

Men fear death.

Trước danh từ trừu tượng, trừ khi danh từ đó chỉ một trường hợp cá biệt The death of his father made him completely hopeless.

My friend, không phải “my the friend”

Ta không dùng “the” sau tính từ sở hữu hoặc sau danh từ ở dạng sở hữu cách The man’s wife không phải “the wife of the man”

They invited some close friends to dinner. (Họ đã mời vài người bạn thân đến ăn tối.)

Không dùng “the” trước tên gọi các bữa ăn hay tước hiệu

Nhưng: The wedding dinner was amazing (Bữa tiệc cưới thật tuyệt vời.)

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Ta nói: President Obama (Tổng thống Obama, Chancellor Angela Merkel (Thủ tướng Angela Merkel..)

Come by car/ by bus (Đến bằng xe ô tô, bằng xe buýt)

In spring/ in Autumn (trong mùa xuân,mùa thu), fr0m beginning to end (từ đầu tới cuối), from left to right (từ trái qua phải)

Không dùng “the” trong các trường hợp nhắc đến danh từ với nghĩa chung chung khác như chơi thể thao, các mùa trong năm hay phương tiện đi lại To play golf/chess/cards (chơi golf, đánh cờ, đánh bài)

Go to bed/hospital/church/work/prison (đi ngủ/ đi nằm viện/ đi nhà thờ/ đi làm/ đi tù)

III. EXERCISE

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest.

1. a. future b. mature c. pasture d. nature

2. a. chore b. technology c. much d. exchange

3. a. threaten b. earth c. healthy d. breathe

4. a. wipe b. allow c. powerful d. answer

5. a. service b. practice c. office d. device

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.

6. ''You must have had a very good time on holiday." "__________, it was a disaster. Everything went wrong."

B. In short C. On the condition D. On the A. By tradition contrary

7. Constant _______ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here. B. threaten A. threat C. threatening D. threateningly

8. They are trying to persuade the rich to__________their money to the charities.

A. provide B. invest C. finance D. contribute

9. Many teenagers show signs of anxiety and _______ when being asked about their future. A depress B. depression C. depressing D. depressed

10. Thousands of factory workers are attending evening classes in an attempt to______themselves.

A. better B. be better C. being better D. better than

11. No one can predict the future exactly. Things may happen _______. B. unexpected C. expectedly A. expected D. unexpectedly

12. Someone who is _______ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular. A. powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic

13. This organization is quick ________ sending relief goods to the flooded areas.

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A. with B. at C. for D. about

14. When are you leaving__________Singapore? This week or next week?

A. for B. in C. to D. at

15. The doctor will not give the patient the test results__________tomorrow.

A. until B. from C. at D. on

16. Can you help me, please? I can't see the difference__________these words.

A. from B. in C. between D. about

17. I don't understand this point. Could you please__________?

A. explain to me it B. explain me with it C. explain it to me D. explain it for me

18. That house reminds me __________the one where I used to live.

A. of B. for C. about D. with

19. It was very kind__________you to lend me the money I needed.

A. for B. of C. to D. with

20. The bus hit a truck coming __________the opposite direction

A. in B. at C. for D. by

21. The company made very good profit in __________.

A. the 1990 B. 1990s C. the 1990s D. 1990's

22. There will be powerful network of computers which may come from a single computing _______ that is worn on or in the body. B. machinery C. equipment D. vehicle A. device

23. Her eyes are different colors. One eye is gray, and ________ is green.

A. another B. the other C. the others D. other

24. In the future many large corporations will be wiped out and millions of jobs will be lost. A. companies B. services C. supermarkets D. farms

25. The more powerful weapons are, the more terrible the _______ is. C. terrorism A. creativity B. history D. technology

26. To reduce air pollution, __________.

A. all automobiles necessary to be banned from the city center

B. banning all automobiles from the city center should be done

C. it is necessary banning all automobiles from the city center

D. the authorities should ban all automobiles from the city center

27. A _______ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times. A. plane B. corporation C. telecommunication D. shuttle

28. Don't worry! The plane __________at the airport right now.

A. arrives B. arrived C. has arrived D. is arriving

29. What are your plans for _______ future? A. a B. an C. the D. Ø

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30. On _______ Internet and with cable television w e can select information from _______ wide variety of sources. A. the / a B. an / the C. the / Ø D. Ø / the

31. Up to now, _______ space exploring still remains _______ very risky, complex, and expensive endeavor.

A. the / the B. a / the C. a / Ø D. Ø / a 32. Within _______ few years, _______ private space travel has gone from concept to reality. A. Ø / an B. the / the C. the / a D. a / Ø

33. With its long days, lack of _______ atmosphere, and wide-open spaces, _______ moon would also make an ideal place to put massive solar power plants. B. an / the C. the / a D. an / Ø A Ø / a

34. _______technology is already present in the form of computers, printers, scanners, handheld devices, wireless technologies, and Internet connections. C. The B. An D. Ø A. A

Error Identification

Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected.

35. Scientists sent an (A) expedition to the Mars (B) during (C) the 1990s.(D)

36. Many optimist (A) people have made predictions (B) about the positive impact (C) of the increasing mechanization on human life.(D)

37. Do you think you could (A) lend me good pair (B) of gloves (C) to wear (D) to the wedding?

38. Our continuously economic growth,(A) the maintenance of our quality of

life and assurance (B) of our security all (C) depend on a (D) abundant, affordable supply of electricity. 39. He usually (A) travels (B) to Philadelphia (C) by the train.(D)

Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that bes.t completes the following sentences.

One of the greatest advantages of robots is that they can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers. For example, the continuous smell of paint has a harmful effect on painters, but it doesn't "bother" a robot. Robots can work in nuclear power plants and in undersea research stations that might be dangerous for humans. Already, robots are working in the plastics industry and in chemical and industrial equipment industries. One of the most common uses of robots is still in automobile factories. They can do the heavy, unpleasant, or dangerous work. These kinds of industrial robots are not usually "mobile". The work they need to do is brought to them, like cars on an assembly line, for example.

The robot industry is a big business. By the middle of the 1990s, Japan' led the world in robot production with more than 71,000 industrial robots at work. Both the United States and Japan, as well as other countries, continue to develop more advanced robots. Robots can now be made to perform more complex jobs. Robots can make decisions while they are working and learn from their mistakes. Robots can now see with TV camera "eyes." They can easily hear and can even speak using a voice made by a computer. But it is difficult to make a robot "understand." Thinking. and understanding are very human qualities. The robots of the future will probably be very complex. They will be able to perform many humanlike tasks. Robots and other technology will make the future a very interesting place!

40. We can infer from the passage that by the middle of the 1990s__________.

A. only Japan had used robots in production

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B. Japan and the USA were the only countries to use robots

C. some countries had used robots in industrial production

D. Japan led the world in production thanks to robots

41. Which of the following are robots NOT be able to do?

A. To speak using a voice made by a computer

B. To think and understand

C. To make decisions at work

D. To learn from mistakes

42. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the robots of the future?

A. They will probably be very complicated.

B. They will be able to do humanlike tasks.

C. They will contribute to making the future more interesting.

D. They will replace human workers in all kinds of work.

43. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "bother" in the first paragraph?

A. cancel B. change C. upset D. terminate

44. Which of the following can be the opposite of the word "mobile" in the first paragraph?

A. stationary B. movable C. unthinkable D. repairable

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.

We know that there is no life on Mars. The Viking robot missions to the Red Planet proved

that. The mission was (45)________to one man for the most part. Percival Lowell, a rich American businessman, suggested that Mars contained life. He was fascinated by Mars. He spent 23 years studying it. He was so (46)________involved in the search for Martian life that he built his own laboratory. It housed a huge telescope. At 7,000 feet (2.13km) (47)________sea level in a dry climate, it was a perfect site to view Mars. Lowell believed that he saw a network of lines (48)________Mars. He also thought that the lines were built by intelligent life. There was also the chance that water was on the planet. He drew many maps in his notebooks. His idea (49)________the public's attention. People soon believed that life on Mars could exist.

45. A. due B. because C. except D. instead

46. A. deep B. deeply C. depth D. deepen

47. A. on B. over C. above D. up

48. A. cross B. crossing C. to cross D. crossed

49. A. made B. achieved C. absorbed D. drew

B. WRITING

Exercise: Fill each gap in the sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. We’ re _________ about our chances of success. (optimist)

2. In the future, the number of tiny but _______ computers you encounter every day will number in the thousands, perhaps millions. (power) 3. Someone who is _______ thinks that bad things are going to happen. (pessimism)

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4. There are several places where residents face the threat of _______ every day. (terrorist)

5. We sometimes go away from the city to the countryside for a ______ of fresh air.

(breathe)

UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES

I. VOCABULARY

1. available (adj) có sẵn

2. benefit (n/v) lợi ích, có lợi

3. challenge (n/v) thử thách, thách thức

4.commercial (adj) thuộc về thương mại

-> commerce (n) ngành thương mại

-> commercially (adv) về thương mại

5. conservation (n) sự bảo tồn

-> conservationist (n) người bảo tồn thiên nhiên

-> conserve (v) giữ gìn, bảo tôn

6. construction (n) sự xây dựng

-> construct (v) xây dựng

-> constructor (n) xây dựng

-> constructive (adj) mang tính xây dựng

-> constructively (adv) có tính chất xây dựng

7. contaminated (adj) bị ô nhiễm

(v) -> contaminate làm ô nhiễm

(n) ->contaminant chất gây ô nhiễm

(n) -> contamination sự ô nhiễm

(n) 8. deforestation sự phá rừng

(v) -> deforest phá rừng

(n) 9. destruction sự phá hủy, tàn phá

(v) -> destroy phá hủy, tàn phá

(adj) -> destructive có tính hủy diệt

-> destructively (adv) có tính hủy diệt

(v) 10. enact ban hành (luật)

(adj) 11. endangered gặp nguy hiểm

(v) -> endanger gây nguy hiểm

(n) -> danger nguy hiểm

(adj) -> dangerous nguy hiểm

(n) 12. exploitation sự khai thác

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-> exploit (v) khai thác, bóc lột

13. extinction (n) sự tuyệt chủng

-> extinct (adj) tuyệt chủng

14. fertile (adj) phì nhiêu, màu mỡ

15. generation (n) thế hệ

16. globe (n) địa cầu, thế giới

17. habitat (n) môi trường sống

18. impact (n) ảnh hưởng, sức ép

-> impact (v) gây ảnh hưởng, sức ép

19. loss (n) sự mất mát, tổn thất

20. overhunting (n) việc săn bắt quá đà

21. primary (adj) đầu tiên, quan trọng nhất

22. rare (adj) quý hiếm

23. reserve= preserve (n) khu bảo tồn

-> reserve (v) duy trì, đặt chỗ trước

-> reservation (n) sự duy trì, đặt chỗ trước

24. seriously (adv) một cách nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng

-> serious (adj) nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng

-> seriousness (n) tính nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng

25. survive (v) sống sót

-> survival (n) sự sống sót

-> survivor (n) người sống sót

26. toxic (adj) độc hại

27. urbanization (n) sự đô thị hóa

-> urbanize (adj) đô thị hóa

-> urban (n) thuộc về thành thị

28. on the verge of (idiom) sắp sửa

29. vulnerable (adj) yếu ớt, dễ bị nguy hiểm

30. a wide range of ST nhiều loại khác nhau

II. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS

S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + V1 ( hiện tại, tương lai)

S+ MODALS+ (NOT) +HAVE + V3/ED (quá khứ)

Ngoài những đặc tính như trợ động từ, động từ khuyết thiếu còn có thêm một số đặc tính riêng như sau:

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1. Không có TO ở nguyên mẫu và không có TO khi có động từ theo sau.

Ex: They can speak French and English.

2. Không có S ở ngôi thứ ba số ít thì Hiện tại.

Ex: He can use our phone.

3. Chỉ có nhiều nhất là 2 thì: Thì Hiện tại và thì Quá khứ đơn.

Ex: She can cook meals.

Ex: She could cook meals when she was twelve.

A. MODAL VERBS MUST/ MUSTN’T

MUST là một động từ khuyết thiếu và chỉ có hình thức hiện tại.

1. MUST có nghĩa là "phải" diễn tả một mệnh lệnh hay một sự bắt buộc.

Ex: You must drive on the left in London.

2. MUST bao hàm một kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói.

Ex: Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad!

Ex: You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.

3. MUST NOT (MUSTN'T) diễn tả một lệnh cấm.

Ex: You mustn’t walk on the grass.

4. Khi muốn diễn tả thể phủ định của MUST với ý nghĩa "không cần thiết" người ta sử dụng NEED NOT (NEEDN’T).

Ex: Must I do it now? - No, you needn’t. Tomorrow will be soon enough.

5. CANNOT (CAN’T) được dùng làm phủ định của MUST khi MUST diễn tả ý nghĩa kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói như đã đề cập trong điểm 2 trên đây.

Ex: If he said that, he must be mistaken.

Ex: If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.

6. MUST và HAVE TO

a) HAVE TO dùng thay cho MUST trong những hình thức mà MUST không có.

Ex: We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve o’clock train.

b) HAVE TO không thể thay thế MUST khi MUST mang ý nghĩa kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói như đã đề cập trong điểm 2 trên đây. Người ta phải diễn tả bằng những cách khác.

Ex: He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad)

c) MUST và HAVE TO đều có thể dùng để diễn tả sự cưỡng bách, bắt buộc (compulsion). Tuy nhiên MUST mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ người nói trong khi HAVE TO mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ hoàn cảnh bên ngoài (external circumstances)

ex: You must do what I tell you.

Ex: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge. (Lệnh của Cục Đường Sắt)

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Ex: Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge. (Vì không còn đường nào khác

B. MODAL VERBS MAY - MIGHT

1. MAY và dạng quá khứ MIGHT diễn tả sự xin phép, cho phép (permission).

Ex: May I take this book? - Yes, you may.

Ex: She asked if she might go to the party.

2. MAY/MIGHT dùng diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra hay không thể xảy ra.

Ex: It may rain.

Ex: He admitted that the news might be true.

3. Dùng trong câu cảm thán MAY/MIGHT diễn tả một lời cầu chúc.

Ex: May all your dreams come true!

Trong cách dùng này có thể xem MAY như một loại Bàng Thái cách (Subjunctive).

4. MAY/MIGHT dùng trong mệnh đề theo sau các động từ hope (hy vọng) và trust (tin tưởng).

Ex: I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction.

Ex: He trust (hoped) that we might find the plan to our satisfaction.

5. MAY/MIGHT dùng thay cho một mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (adverb clauses of concession).

Ex: He may be poor, but he is honest. (Though he is poor...)

Ex: Try as he may, he will not pass the examination. (Though he tries hard...)

Ex: Try as he might, he could not pass the examination. (Though he tried hard...)

6. MAY/MIGHT thường được dùng trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (adverb clauses of purpose). Trong trường hợp này người ta cũng thường dùng CAN/COULD để thay cho MAY/MIGHT.

Ex: She was studying so that she might read English books.

7. MIGHT (không dùng MAY) đôi khi được dùng trong câu để diễn tả một lời trách mắng có tính hờn dỗi (petulant reproach).

Ex:You might listen when I am talking to you.

(Làm ơn ráng mà lắng nghe tôi nói)

Ex: You might try to be a little more helpful.

(Làm ơn ráng mà tỏ ra có ích một chút)

8. Trong trường hợp cần thiết người ta dùng be allowed to, permit... tùy theo ý nghĩa cần diễn tả để thay cho MAY và MIGHT.

Ex: I shall be allowed to go to the party.

C. MODALS NEED

Có hai động từ NEED: một động từ thường và một động từ khuyết thiếu. Khi là động từ khuyết thiếu NEED chỉ có hình thức Hiện tại và có đầy đủ đặc tính của một động từ khuyết thiếu. Nó có nghĩa là "cần phải", tương tự như have to. Vì thế nó cũng được xem là một loại phủ định của must.

Ex: Need he work so hard?

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Ex: You needn’t go yet, need you?

Có một điều cần nhớ là động từ khuyết thiếu NEED không dùng ở thể xác định. Nó chỉ được dùng ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn. Khi dùng ở thể xác định nó phải được dùng với một từ ngữ phủ định.

Ex: You needn’t see him, but I must.

Ex: I hardly need say how much I enjoyed the holiday.

III. EXERCISE

A. MULTIPLE

Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

1. A. bamboo B. good C. foot D. cook

2. A. cake B. panda C. face D. late

3. A. social B. science C. sour D. sure

Circle the word whose stress part is placed differently from that of the others

4. A. reserve B. schedule C. wildlife D. beauty

5. A. derive B. contain C. leopard D. prevent

Make the correct choice:

6. Many plants and endangered species are now endangering of _______.

A. expression B. expulsion C. extinction D. extension

7. _______ is destroying larger areas of tropical rain forests.

A. Disforestation B. Deforestation C. Anti-forestation D. forests

8. A lot of different conservation efforts have been made to________endangered species.

A. save B. kills C. make D. do

9. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _______ and degradation are the leading threats. C. destructor D. destruction B. destructive A. destroy

10. There are more than 20 ________ working on the water treatment project.

A. researches B. researcher C. researchers D. research

11. John is not at home. He _____ go somewhere with Daisy. I am not sure. A. might B. will C. must D should 12. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____. A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. extinctly

13. Many people _________ that natural resources will never be used up.

A. view B. consider C. believe D. regard

14. _______ is the protection of environment and natural resources. B. Commerce A. Survival C. Conservation D. Extinction

15. I am not deaf. You _______ shout.

A. must B. mustn't C. need D. needn’t

16. You ________ ask a woman about her age. It’s not polite.

A. must B. need C. musn’t D. needn’t

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17. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He _______ exhausted after such a long flight now. A. must be C. must have been B. must be being D. should have

been

18. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _______.

A. prosperous B. prefect C. vulnerable D. remained

19. I’ll lend you the money and you ________ pay me back till next month.

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. need D. must

20. _______ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem. Actually, you _______ keep it if you want to. A. May / can C. Will / should B. Must / might D. Might / needn’t

21. The lamp _______ be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.

A. should not B. might not C. must not D. will not

22. You would rather _________ talking in class so as not to make your teacher angry.

A. stops B. stopping C. to stop D. stop

23. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _______ of extinction. A. wall B. fence C. verge D. bridge

24. Keep quiet. You _______ talk so loudly in here. Everybody is working.

A. may B. must C. might D. mustn't

25. Tell her that she ________ be here by six. I insist on it.

A. may B. must C. ought to D. might

26. They eventually realize that reckless _______ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster. A. exploit B. exploitable C. exploitation D. exploitative

27. Chemical wastes from factories are _______ that cause serious damage to species habitats.

A. pollutes B. pollutants C. pollutions D. polluters

28. He has refused, but he _________ change his mind if you asked him again

A. might B. may C. can D. must

29. Two parallel white lines in the millde road meant that you _________ not overtake.

A. must B. might C. may D. need

30. If an area is _______, all the trees there are cut down or destroyed. B. deforested C. contaminated A. endangered D. polluted

Choose the underlined words that need correcting.

31. Although (A) species evolve differently, most of them adapt (B) to a specific habitat or environment that (C) best meets their survive (D) needs. 32. You needn’t (A) forget to pay the rent (B) tomorrow. The landlord is (C) very strict about paying (D) on time. 33. Should (A) I have a day (B) off tomorrow? - Of course (C) not. We have a lot of things (D) to do.

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34. If tomorrow (A) is (B) sunny, we would (C) go swimming. (D)

35.Were (A) she rich (B) , she can (C) travel around the world.(D)

Read the passage and choose the best answers.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) safeguards hundreds of species around the world, but we focus species attention on our flagship species: giant pandas, tigers, endangered whales and dolphins, rhinos, elephant, marine turtles and great apes. These species not only need species measures and extra protection in order to survive, they also serve as “umbrella” species: helping them helps numerous other species that live in the same habitats.

In addition to our flagship animals, we work to protect numerous species in peril around

the world that live within our priority eco-rigions. Laree predators like snow leopards and grizzly bears, migratory species like whooping cranes and songbrids, and a host of other species facing threats also benefit from WWF’ s conservation efforts. Our wildlife trade experts at “traffic” work to ensure that trade wildlife products, doesn’t harm a species, while also fighting against illegal and unsustainable trade.

WWF is known for acting sound science. Science leads and guides us strategies and

approaches, from the way to restore tigers in viable, breed population to decide which areas need protection the most.

36. What does WWF stand for?

A. World Wildlife Food. B. World Wildlife Formation.

C. World Wildlife Fund. D. World Website Fund.

37. How many species do we pay much attention to?

A. 5 B. 8 C. 7 D. 9

38. What is the meaning of the world habitats in pharagraph 1?

A. The place where animals or plants are normally found.

B. The place where animals or plants can drink and sleep.

C. The place where animals or plants can eat find their enemy.

D. The place where animals can find and keep their body warm.

39. What can science help us in safeguarding endangered species?

A. Find the way to kill all species easily.

B. Lead and guide strategies and approaches.

C. Discover another habitat of animal.

D. Search for a food source for animals.

40. Which of the following is not stated in the passage?

A. WWF safeguards hundreds of species around the world.

B. WWF is known for acting on sound science.

C. these above species need extra protection so as not to be extinct.

D. All species are so fierce that scientists can’t take care of them.

Read and choose the appropriate option:

WHY DO ANIMALS GO EXTINCT?

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Different kinds of animals have appeared and disappeared throughout Earth’s history.

Some animals go extinct because the climate (41)_______ they live changes. The climate may become wetter or drier. It may become warmer or cooler. If the animals cannot change, or adapt, to the new climate, they die.

Some animals go extinct because thay cannot (42) _______ with other animals for food. Some animals go extinct because they are killed by enemies. New kinds of animals are always evolving. Evolving means that the animals are changing (43) _______ from generation to generation. Small differences between parents, children, and grandchildren slowly add up over many, many generations. Eventually, a different kind of animal evolves.

Sometimes many of the animals on Earth go extinct at the (44) _______ time. Scientists call this a mass extinction. Scientists think there (45) _______ at least five mass extinctions in Earth’s history. The last mass extinction happened about 65 million years ago. This mass extinction killed off the dinosaurs.

41. A. where B. which C. when D. what

42. A. complete B. find C. compete D. exist

43. A. accidentally B. suddenly C. quickly D. slowly

44. A. same B. similar C. different D. various

45. A. has been B. have been C. will be D. are

Choose a, b, c, or d that best fills in the blank. 46. I have done this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. _______

A. The answer in the book should be wrong! B. The book needn't have a wrong answer. C. There is a wrong answer in the book. D. The answer in the book must be wrong!

47. When I was a child, as we were having dinner, my grandmother always used to say, “_______.”

A. One must not eat with one's mouth open B. You should have eaten with your mouth open. C. Open your mouth and eating D. One needn't open his mouth to eat 48. _______ We have still got plenty of food.

A. You should have bought some more to eat. B. You needn't have gone to the supermarket. C. We must have bought some more food. D. May I go to the supermarket? 49. John passed his exam with a distinction. _______.

B. He can't have studied very hard D. He needs studying harder A. He was too lazy to succeed C. He must have studied very hard 50. _______. We got there far too early.

A. We needn't have hurried C. Hurry up or we will be late B. We should hurry up D. We must have walked hurriedly

B. WRITING

I. Use the correct form of the word in brackets to fit each gap.

1. It was all about the problems (2) _________ (threaten) our environment.

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2. He was shocked to find out how little he knew about (3) __________(globe) warming or acid rain.

3. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. (dangerous) 4. We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests. (

destroy)

5. Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _______. ( fertile)

III. Rewrite the sentence in the same meaning:

1. Perhaps Susan know the address. (may)

Susan ........................................................................................................

2. It's possible that Joanna didn't receive my message. (might)

Joanna ......................................................................................................

3. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)

The report .................................................................................................

4. I managed to finish all my work. (able)

I ................................................................................................................

5. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn't)

Nancy ......................................................................................................

6. The best thing for you to do is to sit down sit down. (better)

You ..........................................................................................................

UNIT 11: BOOKS

I. VOCABULARY

(adv) ngạc nhiên 1. amazingly

-> amaze (v) gây ngạc nhiên

-> amazed (adj) ngạc nhiên

-> amazing (adj) đáng ngạc nhiên

-> amazement (n) sự ngạc nhiên

2. belong to (v) thuộc về

3. character (n) nhân vật, nét đặc trưng

-> characteristic (adj) tiêu biểu

(n) đặc tính

4. chew (v) nhai, đọc nghiền ngẫm

5. class (n) loại, hạng

6. describe (v) mô tả

-> description (n) sự mô tả, lời mô tả

-> descriptive (adj) có tính mô tả

7. digest (v) tiêu hóa, đọc và suy ngẫm

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(n) sự tiêu hóa -> digestion

(adj) thuộc tiêu hóa -> digestive

(adj) dễ tiêu hóa, dễ hiểu -> digestible

(v) nhúng vào, đọc lướt 8. dip

(adj) rõ ràng, phân biệt rõ 9. distinct

(adv) rõ ràng -> distinctly

(n) sự tương phản, khác biệt -> distinction

(adj) trung thành, chung thủy 10. faithful

(adv) trung thành -> faithfully

(n) niềm tin, lòng trung thành -> faith

(adj) phản bội, thiếu trung thành -> unfaithful

(n) sự phản bội, -> unfaithfulness

(adj) hấp dẫn, thu hút 11. fascinating

(adv) hấp dẫn, thu hút -> fascinatingly

(adj) bị hấp dẫn, say mê -> fascinated

(v) hấp dẫn, thu hút -> fascinate

(n) sự hấp dẫn, say mê -> fascination

(n) hành trình, chuyến đi 12. journey

(n) tính cách, nhân cách 13. personality

(adj) cá nhân, riêng tư -> personal

(adv) với tư cách cá nhân, riêng tư -> personally

(v) làm riêng cho từng cá nhân -> personalize

(v) nhặt lên, cầm lên 14. pick up

(n) niềm vui, thú vui 15. pleasure

(v) làm vui lòng -> please

(adj) vui vẻ, dễ chịu -> pleasant

(adv) vui vẻ, dễ chịu -> pleasantly

(v) đặt xuống 16. put down

(v) đoàn tụ, tái hợp 17. reunite

(n) sự đoàn tụ, tái hợp -> reunion

(n) nhà phê bình 18. reviewer

(n) bài phê bình, lời phê bình -> review

(v) nuốt, đọc ngấu nghiến 19. swallow

(v) nếm, đọc thử 20. taste

21. in a word (idiom) tóm lại

II. MODALS IN PASSIVE

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HIỆN TẠI, TƯƠNG LAI

ACTIVE:

S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + V1+ O

PASIVE:

S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + BE +V3/ED + BY +O

QUÁ KHỨ

ACTIVE:

S+ MODALS+(NOT) + HAVE++ V3/ED+ O

PASIVE:

S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + HAVE+ BEEN +V3/ED + BY +O

E.g: I can use thi computer

-> This computer can be used (by me).

III. EXERCISE

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

UNIT 11: BOOKS

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest

1. A. same B. taste C. swallow D. page

2. A. sleep B. keep C. pleasure D. people

3. A. too B. book C. look D. good

4. A. described B. picked C. swallowed D. informed

5. A. words B. reviewers C. describes D. types

Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the rest.

6. A. subject B. swallow C. story D. digest

7. A. example B. holiday C. careful D. interest

8. A. describe B. chapter C. wonder D. easy

9. A. understand B. television C. improvement D. introduce

10. A. imaginary B. advantageous C. information D. incredible

Choose the most suitable word or phrase (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence.

11. A book may be evaluated by a reader or professional writer to create a book ________. A. review B. reviewing C. reviewer D. reviewed 64

12. Boy, stop reading. ________ the book down and go to bed. B. Put A. Take C. Set D. Pick 13. It is a good book. I think it is interesting enough for you to ________.

A. put down B. swallow C. look up D. understand 14. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later. A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn't typing 15. The museum is open to everybody. It ________ between 9am and 5pm. A. visits B. visited C. can visit D. can be visited

16. The train ________ by bad weather. I am not sure. A. might delay C. might have delayed B. might be delaying D. might have been delayed 17. The room ________ once a day.

A. should clean C. should be cleaned B. should be cleaning D. should have cleaned

18. Two tablets ________ twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly. A. must take B. must be taken C. must have taken D. must be taking

19. Theresa walked past me without saying a word. She ________ me. A. can't have seen C. can't have been seen B can't see D. can be seen

20. I think the match ________. Everybody's gone into the stadium and you can hear them cheering.

A. was started C. must started B. will be started D. must have started 21. We found the exam extremely easy. We ________ so hard.

A. needn't study C. needn't have studied B. needn't be studying D. needn't have been studied

22. There is plenty of money in our account so those cheques ________ to the bank today. B. needn't be taking D. needn't taking A. needn't be taken C. needn't take 23. The picnic ________ because Peter has just had a traffic accident.

A. will cancel C. will be cancelled B. will be cancelling D. will have cancelled

24. When a reader reads an interesting book slowly and carefully, he ____ it B. chews and digests C. swallows D. dips into A. reviews

25. This book ________ to Peter. It is not mine. A. possesses B. owns C. has D. belong

26. After leaving school, many of us only read for ________. C. pleasure A. please D. pleasing B. pleasant 27. Before eating, ________ thoroughly with soap and clean water.

A. you should wash your hands C. you need washing your hands B. your hands should be washing D. Your hands need washed 28. Fruits ________ in a freezer.

A. should not put C. must put B. should not be put D. must be putting 29. Since their appearance, books are a previous ________ of knowledge and pleasure. A. source B. pile C. amount D. sum 30. The room is too dirty. It ________ now.

A. should clean C. should be cleaning B. should have cleaned D. should be being cleaned

Choose the correct sentence

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31. It wasn't obligatory to submit my assignment today. A. My assignment must have been submitted today. B. I needn't have submitted my assignment today. C. My assignment was required to submit by today. D. I mustn't submit my assignment today. 32. It's time we left for the disco.

A. We may leave for the disco now. B. We needn't leave for the disco now. C. We should leave for the disco now. D. We must have leave for the disco now. 33. It was a mistake of you to lose your passport. A. You shouldn't have lost your passport. B. There must be a mistake in your passport. C. You needn't have brought your passport. D. Your passport must be lost. 34. My car keys are possibly in the kitchen.

A. My car keys should be put in the kitchen. B. My car keys cannot be in the kitchen. C. I do not know whether my car keys are in the kitchen. D. My car keys might be in the kitchen. 35. Is it possible for me to come to your house at about 7pm?

A. Must I come over to your house at about 7pm? B. Could I be come to your house at about 7pm? C. Can I come to your house at about 7pm? D. Will I come to your house at about 7pm?

Read the passage below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

T

oday there are libraries in almost every towns in the world. Even in areas (36)______ there are no libraries, there are often mobile libraries which take boos from one village to (37)______. But in the days when books were copied by hand (38)______ than printed, libraries were very rare. The reason is simple: books took a very long time to produce, and there were far fewer coppies of any given work around. The greatest library (39)______ all, that in Alexandia, had 54,000 books.

In the ancient world, this number (40)______ considered huge. It was the first time that anyone had collected so many books from all around the world (41)______ one roof. There are many theories about why these books were lost. (42)______is that the library accidentally burned down. Another is that one of the rulers of the city ordered the books to be burned. They were taken to various places and it took six monthsto burn them. (43)______ happened, the collection there was priceless. Many of the library’s treasures were lost forever-sone books were (44)______ recovered. We cannot even know (45)______ what the library containd.

36. A. where B. who C. the place D. which

37. A. other B. others C. the other D. another

38. A. rather B. else C. more D. much

39. A. of B. about C. in D. over

40. A. is B. was C. were place D. has been

41. A. in B. under C. over D. below

42. A. One B. A theory C. None D. All

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43. A. Whoever B. Whichever C. whatever D. wherever

44. A. almost B. never C. already D. yet

45. A. exactly B. really C. detailedly D. yet

Read and choose the best answer.

There are books with fairy tails in many countries. Often the same stoties are known and repeated in many languages. Some of the things that happens in these stories are remarkable, although not as remarkable as things that are truly happening in medicine and science today.

Most fairy tails begin with “Once upon a time” and end with “They lived happily ever after”, so we will begin in the same way.

Once upon a time there was a girl calles Cinderella who did all the work in the kitchen while her lazy sister did nothing.

One night, her sister went to a ball at the palace. Cinderella was left home, very sad. After

a time her fairy godmother appeared and told Cinderella that she could go to the ball- but to return home by midnight.

46. Books with fairy are found in ________________.

So she went to the ball in a beautiful dress in a wonderful coach. She danced with the prince but at midnight she ran back home, leaving one of her shoes on the floor. The prince wanted to see her again and went to every house in the capital until he found that the shoe was the right size for Cinderella. She and the price were married and lived happily ever after.

A. our country only B. few countries

47. According to the passage, things truly happening in medicine and science today are_________ things that happenes in some fairy tails,

C. all countries except ours D. many countries

A. More remarkable than B. less remarkable than

48. The word “ball” in the first sentence means ________________.

C. as remarkable as D. not as remarkable as

A. a sport equipment B. a dancing hall

49. Cinderella was very sad because ________________.

C. a balloon D. sphere

A. her sister did nothing C. her sister went to a ball and left her at home

50. At the end of the story ________________.

C. she did all the work in the kitchen D. her sister was invited to a hall

A. Cinderella could go to the ball and it was so happened that she and the prince was married

B. Cinderella’s godmother came to comfort her

C. one of Cinderella’ sisters was married to the prince

D. the prince invited Cinderella to the hall

B. WRITING

Exercise :Use the correct form of the words in brackets to fit each gap of the passage.

1. After leaving school, many of us only read for ________.( please)

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2. The reviewer ________ Mathew's new novel as a new style of modern science fiction.( description)

II. Change into passive voice

1. I can buy this house.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Sam ought to clean his room.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. We will shut the door.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Nina shall call you as soon as she arrives.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Sam can bring it back this morning.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. They will pass their exam.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Henry ought to leave a message on the table for me.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Vicky can pay her bill next week.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. You should clean the windows.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. You will phone me later.

-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………

------THE END------

UNIT 12: WATER SPORTS

I. VOCABUALRY

1. advance (v) đưa về phía trước, tiến lên

-> advanced (adj) tiên tiến

-> advance (n) sựu tiến bộ, tiến lên

2. at least (prep) ít nhất là

3. award (v) thưởng, trao phần thưởng

-> award (n) phần thưởng

-> awardee (v) người được thưởng

4. commit (v) phạm lỗi

5. crossbar (n) xà ngang

6. defensive player=defender (n) hậu vệ

-> defend (v) phòng thủ, bảo vệ 68

7. eject (v) đuổi ra

8. except (prep) ngoại trừ

-> exception (n) ngoại lệ

-> exceptional (adj) ngoại lệ, khác thường

9. foul (n) lỗi chơi xấu

-> foul (v) phạm lỗi

10. goal (n) khung thành

-> goalie= goalkeeper (n) thủ môn

11. interfere with (v) cản trở, truy cản

-> interference (n) sự truy cản, cản trở

-> interfering (adj) hay quấy rầy, phiền phức

12. major (adj) nghiêm trọng, chính yếu

-> majority (n) phần lớn, đa số

13. mark (v) đánh dấu

(adj) không quan trọng, thứ yếu 14. minor

-> minority (n) phần ít, thiểu số

15. movement (n) sự di chuyển

-> move (v) di chuyển

(adj) có thể di chuyển -> moveable

16. opponent (n) đối thủ

17. overtime (n) thời gian bù giờ

18. pass (v) chuyền

19. penalize (v) phạt

-> penalty (n) phạt đền, hình phạt

-> penal (adj) liên quan đến hình phạt

20. punch (v/n) đấm, cú đấm

21. quarter (n) một phần tư

-> divide into quarters (v) chia làm 4 hiệp

22. range (n) phạm vi

(v) trong giới hạn

23. referee (n) trọng tài

24. score (v/n) ghi bàn, điểm

25. sprint (v) bơi, chạy nước rút

26. synchronized swimming (n) bơi nghệ thuật

27. throw (v) ném

28. tie (n) tỉ số hòa

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29. vertical (adj) theo đường thẳng đứng

-> vertical posts (n) cột dọc

-> horizontal (adj) theo đường nằm ngang

30. water polo (n) môn bóng nước

II. GRAMMAR

INTRANSITIVE VERBS & TRANSITIVE VERBS

Tự/Nội Động từ & Tha/Ngoại Động từ

"Intransitive verbs" là những tự/nội động từ, không có túc từ/tân ngữ theo sau.

"Transitive verbs" là những tha/ngoại động từ, cần có túc từ/tân ngữ theo sau.

1. Intransitive Verbs: Subject + Verb

Nếu một hành động chỉ liên quan đến một người hay một vật, hay nói cách khác chủ từ thực hiện hành động đó. Những động từ mô tả hành động này được gọi là các tự/nội động từ (intransitive verbs) - đứng độc lập, câu vẫn đầy đủ nghĩa:

Eg : I waited and waited, but nobody came.

=> Chủ từ của mệnh đề chính "I" thực hiện hành động "waited"

=> Chủ từ của mệnh đề phụ "nobody" thực hiện hành động "came".

As the boy arrived, the girls departed.

The wind subsided, the sun came out and the water receded.

My shares have collapsed, so I'm going to have to economise.

His whole body was aching and his medical condition was deteriorating.

Lưu ý: Tự/Nội động từ có thể có một cụm giới từ hay một trạng từ/cụm trạng từ theo sau để cung cấp thêm thông tin về hành động đó: xảy ra khi nào, ở đâu, thế nào...

Eg : She wept bitterly on hearing this news. (How?)

I arrived at the station at a quarter past three. (Where and When?)

Ketie was standing in the corner and Justin was lying on the bed. (Where?)

It happened yesterday. Vicky behaved quite unacceptably.

2. Transitive Verbs: Subject + Verb + Object

Tha/Ngoại động từ không chỉ liên quan đến chủ từ, mà còn liên quan đến người nào khác hay vật/sự việc... gì khác nữa, người/vật/sự việc... khác này được gọi là túc từ (hay tân ngữ) - the OBJECT- nếu không có túc từ/tân ngữ, chỉ riêng các động từ này thôi thì câu không đủ nghĩa.

VD: She has many friends, but (she) admires Victoria most.

=> "have" (Who?) => many friends (object) (không thể nói "She has.")

=> "admises" (Whom?) => Victoria (object) (Không thể nói "(she) admires.")

"Blue suits you," she said.

=> "suits" (whom?) => you (object)

He could hardly raise the injured arm at all.

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=> "raise" (what?) => the injured arm (object)

Một số tha/ngoại động từ có hai túc từ/tân ngữ, đó lá túc từ gián tiếp (indirect object) được một túc từ trực tiếp theo sau (direct object) hoặc ngược lại (phải dùng giới từ trước túc từ gián tiếp).

Eg : She brought me my breakfast.

=> me: indirect object

=> my breakfast: direct object.

= She brought my breakfast for me.

He promised me a job.

=> me: indirect object

=> a job: direct object

= He promised a job to me.

I lent my younger sister all the money.

=> my younger sister: indirect object

=> all the money: direct object

= I lent all the money to my younger sister.

3. Intransitive or transitive:

Nhiều động từ có thể vừa là tự/nội động từ, vừa là tha/ngoại động từ. Và túc từ thường được hiểu ngầm giữa người nói và người nghe. Nhưng đôi khi cũng cần được thêm vào để làm rõ nghĩa.

I asked him to come in, but he did not enter (intransitive). He did not enter the room (transitive).

When he entered the room, she was reading (intransitive). She was reading a book about Buddhism (transitive).

He sat down at the computer and started to type (intransitive). He started to type an email to his half sister (transitive).

=> Trong những ví dụ trên, nghĩa của các ĐỘNG TỪ không thay đổi khi được dùng như một tự động từ

The bull was chasing him so he ran as quickly as he could. (intransitive)

Sue's been running a mail-order business for ten years. (transitive)

"Do you want any help?" "No thanks. I can manage perfetly well on my own." (intransitive)

He had been managing the buisness for six years before it made a profit. (transitive)

I was out when she called. (intransitive)

She called me a cheat and a liar. (transitive)

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=> Trong những ví dụ trên, nghĩa của các ĐỘNG TỪ thay đổi khi được dùng như một tự động từ (intransitive) hay một tha động từ (transitive).

III. EXERCISE

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest

1. A. interfered B. allowed C. visited D. played

2. A. water B. swimming C. between D. rowing

3. A. caps B. meters C. swimmers D. lines

Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest

4. A. interfere B. penalty C. referee D. competition

5. A. scuba-diving B. swimming C. gymnastics D. skating

Choose from the four options given (marked A, B, C, and D) one best answer

6. One of the four period of time in which a game of American football is divided is known as a .

A. part B. half C. quarter D. stage

7. Suddenly, Julia jumped out of the car and sprinted for the front door.

A. walked hurriedly B. ran very fast C. move slightly D. ran slowly

8. The is the official who controls the game in some sports.

A. player B. captain C. referee D. defender

9. The whole audience objected to their foul play during the football match.

A. clumsy B. dependent C. imperfect D. unfair

10. Those two teams played so well and the scores were tied at 1-1 at last.

A. drew B. put C. kept D. equaled

11. A kick taken as a penalty in the game of football is called a penalty kick or kick.

A. punishment B. foul C. opposition D. spot

12. In water polo, a player is ejected after committing five personal fouls.

A. punished B. criticized C. thrown out D. defeated

13. The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______. A. penalty D. penalization B. penalize C. penal

14. In water polo, a shot is successful if the ball completely passes between the goal posts and underneath the _______. A. net B. crossbar C. ball D. goalie

15. Windsurfing or is the sport of sailing on water standing on a windsurfer.

B. sail-boarding C. board-sailing D. wind- A. boat-sailing sailing

16. Their play lost them the match against an amateur team.

A. false B. foul C. wrong D. mistaken

17. Don’t in matters that do not concern you.

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A. interfere B. discuss C. question D. study

18. I don’t know why he isn’t here at the moment. He stuck in the traffic jam.

A. must get B. may be C. should be D. must have got

19. A defensive player may only hold, block or pull a / an _______ who is touching or holding the ball. A. audience B. referee C. goalie D. opponent

20. If a defender _______ a foul within the five meter area that prevents a likely goal, the attacking team is awarded a penalty throw or shot. A. commits B. interferes C. punches D. touches 21. The more' goals the players _______, the more exciting the match became. A. marked B. made C. scored D. sprinted 22. After a tie, there are two overtime periods of three minutes each. A. penalty B. draw C. score D. goal 23. _______ is a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars. A. Rowing B. Windsurfing C. Swimming D. Water polo

24. _______ players are not allowed to interfere with the opponent's movements unless the player is holding the ball. A. Defense B. Defensive C. Defender D. Defensively

25. _______ is a sport in which two or more people perform complicated and carefully planned movements in water in time to music. A. Rowing B. Windsurfing C. Diving D. Synchronized

swimming 26. If the tie is not broken after two overtime _______, a penalty shootout will determine the winner.

A. opponents B. waves C. parts D. periods

27. Offensive players may be called for a foul by pushing off a defender to provide space for a _______ or shot. A. pass B. crossbar D. goal C. box 28. A penalty shot is _______ when a major foul is committed inside the 5-meter line. A. prevented B. awarded C. committed D. ranged

29. lf a defender _______ with a free throw, holds or sinks an attacker, he is excluded from the game for twenty seconds. A. punches B. passes C. plays D. interferes

30. Water polo balls _______ with a special texture so it will not slip from the hands of a player.

A. cover B. are covered C. are being covered D. covered 31. Alexis _______ next week.

A. is swimming in the state championship B. is swimming the state championship C. is swum the state championship D. is swum the state championship 32. The news of war _______ and the world.

A. was shocked the nation C. shocked the nation B. was shocked by the nation D. shocked by the nation 33. The player _______.

A. will reward for his hat-trick C. will reward his hat-trick B. will be rewarded for his hat-trick D. will be rewarded his hat-trick

34. Before the end of the term, I _______ all the required reading. B. had been finished by A. was finished by

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C. had finished D. had been finished

35. They _______ by the sea. A. are staying at a hotel C. are being stayed a hotel B. are staying a hotel D. are being stayed at a hotel

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answers

Synchronized swimming is a hybrid of swimming, gymnastics, and dance. This sport has an artistic effect, and really relates to those three sports. It consists of swimmers performing a synchronized routine of elaborate and dramatic moves in the water, accompanied by music.

Synchronized swimming demands first-rate water skills, and requires strength, endurance, flexibility, grace, artistry and precise timing, not to mention exceptional breath control while upside down underwater. Developed in the early 1900s in Canada, it is a sport performed almost exclusively by women, although there is some participation by men. In its early form it was sometimes known as “water ballet”.

It is a Summer Olympic Games sport. First demonstrated in 1952, it has been an official event since 1984. Olympic and world Championship competition is not currently open to men, but other international and national competitions allow male competitors. Both USA Synchro and Synchro Canada allow men to compete with women.

Competitors point to the strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance required to perform difficult routines for the judges, one technical and one free.

36. The world ‘hybrid ‘in the first line could be best replaced by .

A. continuity B. modernization C. mixture D. succession

37. Synchronized swimming is a sport that .

A. relates to swimming, gymnastics, and dance B. began in Canada in the early of the 20th century

C. is performed almost exclusively by women

D. All are correct

38. It’s untrue to say that .

A. Synchronized swimming has completely influenced by ballet.

B. Synchronized swimming used to be known as “water ballet”

C. The requirements for synchronized swimmers are strength, endurance, flexibility, grace, artistry and

precise timing

D. Men can also take part in synchronized swimming.

39. Which of sentences is TRUE?

A. Besides demanding strength, endurance, flexibility, grace and artistry, synchronized swimming requires exceptional breath control.

B. Olympic and World Championship competition allow male synchronized swimmers.

C. Synchronized swimming emerged as an exhibition sport at the Olympic Games in 1984.

D. Competition for both events consists of difficult technical routines.

40. The best title for the passage is .

A. History of Synchronized Swimming B. Competition Synchronized Swimming

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C. The Requirement of Synchronized Swimming D. Synchronized Swimming

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase

Rowing is a sport in which athletes race' against each other on river, lakes or on the ocean, (41) _____ on the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades (42) _____ they are pushed against the water. The sport can be both recreational, focusing (43) _____ learning the techniques required, and competitive where overall fitness plays a large role. It is also one of (44) _____ oldest Olympic sports. In the United States, Australia and Canada, high school and collegial rowing is sometimes referred to as crew.

(45) _____ rowing, the athlete sits in the boat facing backwards, towards the stern, and uses the oars which are held in (46) _____ by the oarlocks to propel the boat forward, towards the bow. It is a demanding sport requiring strong core balance as well as physical (47) _____ and cardiovascular endurance.

Since the action of rowing (48) _____ fairly popular throughout the world, there are many different types of (49) _____. These include endurance races, time trials, stake racing, bumps racing, and the side-by-side format used in the Olympic Games. The many different formats are a result of the long (50) _____ of the sport, its development in. different regions of the world, and specific local requirements and restrictions. 41. a. depending 42. a. but 43. a. of 44. a. a 45. a. Over 46. a. area 47. a. strong 48. a. was become 49. a. competition 50. a. work c. interesting c. as c. with c. the c. During c. part c. strength c. is become c. test c. period b. creating b. because b. on b. an b. Of b. sight b. strongly b. has become b. examination b. history d. carrying d. as soon as d. about d. Ø d. While d. place d. strengthen d. is becoming d. round d. race

B. WRITING

Fill each gap with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. Mr. Brown defeated his_____________ in the election. (oppose)

2. _____________ swimming was once called water ballet.(synchronize)

3. He was paid for the_____________ he worked. (time)

4. Hard work brought him an_____________ in pay. (advance)

5. Speeding on city streets is_____________ , so don't drive too fast. (penal)

6. Lava is a volcanic_____________ .(eject)

7. In a tennis game, the umpire is the official _____________ or scorekeeper. (score)

UNIT 13: THE 22ND SEA GAMES

I. VOCABULARY

1. admiration (n) sự thán phục

-> admire (v) thán phục, khâm phục

-> admirer (n) người khâm phục

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-> admiring (adj) đáng khâm phục

-> admiringly (adv) thán phục

2. athlete (n) vận động viên

-> athletics (n) các môn điền kinh

3. bodybuilding (n) môn thể hình

4. carry out (v) thực hiện

5. compete (v) thi đấu, tranh tài

-> competition (n) cuộc thi

-> competitor (n) đối thủ

-> competitive (adj) có tính cạnh tranh

-> competitively (adv) cạnh tranh

6. be composed of (adj) gồm có

7. co-operation (n) sự hợp tác

-> co-operate (v) hợp tác

-> co-operative (adj) hợp tác

-> co-operatively (adv) một cách hợp tác

8. defend (v) bảo vệ, phòng thủ

-> defence= defense (n) sự bảo vệ, phòng thủ

9. energetic (adj) nhiệt tình, năng nổ

-> energetically (adv) mạnh mẽ, hăng hái

-> energy (n) năng lượng, sức lực

-> energize (v) làm mạnh mẽ, làm nhiệt tình

10. facilities (n) các tiện nghi

11. gain (v) giành được, đạt được

12. host (v) đăng cai tổ chức

13. in terms of (prep) xét theo nghĩa, xét về mặt

14. intensive (adj) chuyên sâu

15. outstanding (adj) xuất sắc, nổi bật

16. overwhelming (adj) mạnh mẽ, vượt trội

-> overwhelm (v) tràn ngập, áp đảo

-> overwhelmingly (adv) áp đảo

17. participate in (v) tham dự

-> participant (n) người tham dự

-> participation (v) sự tham dự

18. peace (n) hòa bình

-> peaceful (adj) hòa bình

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-> peacefully (adv) một cách yên bình, thanh bình

19. perform (v) biểu diễn, trình diễn

-> performance (n) sự biểu diễn, trình diễn

-> performer (n) người biểu diễn

-> performing (n) biểu diễn, làm trò

20. precision (n) sự chính xác

-> precise (adj) chính xác

-> precisely (adv) chính xác

21. present sb with st (v) tặng ai cái gì

22. propose (v) đề nghị, cầu hôn

-> proposal (n) lời đề nghị, cầu hôn

23. prove (v) chứng minh

24. quantity (n) số lượng

25. reliable (adj) đáng tin cậy

-> reliably (adv) chắc chắn, đáng tin cậy

-> reliability (n) sự đáng tin cậy

-> unreliable (adj) không đáng tin cậy

-> rely on/upon (adj) tin cậy vào

26. rival (n) đối thủ

27. solidarity (n) tình đoàn kết

28. spectator (n) khán giả

29. spirit (n) tinh thần

30. title (n) danh hiệu, tước hiệu, nhan đề

II. GRAMMAR

DOUBLE COMPARISON SO SÁNH KÉP

1. Comparative and comparative (càng ngày càng) § Để miêu tả sự việc ngày càng phát triển về chất lượng, số lượng, v.v …, chúng ta dùng cấu trúc:

short adjective- er and short adjective- er more and more + long adjective (ngày càng)

Eg - Because he was afraid, he walked faster and faster. - The living standard is getting better and better. - Life in the modern world is becoming more and more complex. - The tests are more and more difficult.

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2. The comparative … the comparative …(càng… thì càng…) § Khi hai vật hay hai sự việc thay đổi cùng cấp độ, chúng ta dùng hình thức so sánh hơn ở cả hai mệnh đề để diễn tả điều này. Cấu trúc:

The + short adj. / adv.- er + S + V, the + short adj. / adv. - er + S + V The more + long adj. / adv. + S + V, the more + long adj. / adv. + S + V The + short adj. / adv.- er + S + V, the more + long adj. / adv. + S + V The more + long adj. / adv. + S + V, the + short adj. / adv. - er + S + V

Eg - The harder you study, the more you will learn. - The older he got, the quieter he became. - The more she studied, the more she learned. - The warmer the weather is, the better I like it. - The faster you drive, the more likely you are to have an accident.

III. EXERCISE

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. decision B. precision C. comprehension D. confusion

2. A. arrival B. vital C. tidal D. citadel

3. A. scoreboard B. science C. schedule D. scanner

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.

4. A. president B. manager C. spectator D. counsellor

5. A. intelligent B. overwhelming C. imaginable. D. intangible

Choose the word that best fits blank.

6. The Southeast Asian Student Sport Festival is the biggest sport event _______ the youths in the region. A. for C. in B. on D. of

7. Vietnam has a lot of ________ players who won many gold medals in The 22nd SEA Games.

A. outstanding B. outstretching C. outlying D. outgoing

8. The competitor ________the bar and won a gold medal.

A. touched B. cleared C. threw D. kicked

9. ________ is held every two years.

A. The South Eastern Asian Games B. The Southern East Asian Games.

C. The Southeast Asian Games D. The Southeast Asia Games

10. Spectators had great ________for the amazing results that Vietnam’s sports delegation gained.

A. admire B. admirable C. admiration D. admiter

11. The results of ________ were satisfactory.

C. competitive B. competitor D. compete.

A. competitions 12. Thailand ________ Vietnam just one goal in the final in The 22nd SEA Games.

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A. won B. beat C. knocked D. scored

13. The Vietnamese were very satisfied with excellent performances of the young and ________athletes.

A. energetic B. energy C. energetically D. energize

14. The athlete had tried his best to _______ his SEA Games title and records. A. carry B. perform C. defend D. support

15. On behalf of the referees and athletes, they swore to an oath of “Solidarity, ________ and Fair Play”

A. Honest B. Honesty C. Honestly D. Dishonest

16. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. _______ he becomes, he is.

A. The more rich / the more happy C. The richer / the happier B. The richest / the happiest D. Richer and richer / happier and happier

17. Thanks to the encouragement and support, all Vietnamese athletes competed _______ high spirits. A. for C. on B. of

D. in 18. In 2006, Viet Nam made a deep impression ______ other countries in the region by successfully hosting the Southeast Asian Student Sport Festival. B. for A. with C. in D. on

19. The crowd are becoming __ excited.

A. less and least B. less and most C. more and more D. more and most

20. ____ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country.

A. As much as people C. As many as people B. More people D. People more

21. As she did so, her parents became _______.

A. the angriest C. the more angry B. the most angry D. angrier and angrier

22. To improve its athletes' _______, Viet Nam has regularly exchanged delegation of sport officials, coaches, referees and athletes with other countries.

A. team B. competitor C. appearance D. performance

23. The second part of the program in the 22nd SEA Games opening ceremony was named "_______ for Peace".

A. Cooperate B. Cooperation C. Cooperative D. Cooperatively

24. The larger a drop of water, __________freezing temperature.

B. the highest C. higher then its D. its higher

A. the higher its 25. How many _______ took part in the 22nd SEA Games? A. compete B. competitors C. competition D. competitor

26. His house is _______ mine.

A. twice as big as C. as two times big as B. as twice big as D. as big as twice

27. Viet Nam is now willing to _______ part in the 24th SEA Games hosted by Thailand by the end of 2007 with a total of 958 athletes.

A. play B. lose C. take D. enjoy

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28. He became Jamaica's first Olympic gold medalist when he won the 400-meter _______ in 1948.

A. distance B. title C. runner D. sport

29. Almost everyone has heard the most famous Olympic saying: “Stronger, Higher, ________”.

A. Fast B. Fastening C. Faster D. Fasten

30. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got _______.

A. more panicked C. more than panicked B. the more panicked D. more and more panicked

Read the passage and choose the best answers.

The 24th SEA Games was held from 6th to 15th December, 2007 in three provinces in Thailand, namely Nakhon Ratchsima, Bangkok, and Chon Buri. In fact, the 2007 SEA Games was to be hosted by Singapore, but Singapore gave up the chance, as its new national sports stadium is under construction and will not be completed in time for the next SEA Games. Thailand was then asked by The SEA Games Federation to host this regional sport event in place of Singapore.

The SEA Games takes place every two years, with 11 countries in Southeast Asia participating. Each member country, in alphabetical order, takes turn hosting this event. Let’s look at the number of sports and gold medals in The SEA Ganes in recent years. The 21st SEA Games, hosted by Malaysia in 2001, had 32 sports with 391 gold medals. There were 32 sports with 439 gold medals in The 22nd SEA Games, held in Vietnam in 2003. The 23rd SEA Games, in The Philippines in 2005, had 40 sports with 439 gold medals.

The 24th SEA Games in Thailand this year, featuring 43 sports and 485 gold medals, had the highest number of sports and gold medals in The Asian Games and The Olympic Games. So The SEA Games is regarded as the largest regional sporting event in the world in terms of number of sports and madals. 31. How long did The 24th SEA Games last?

A. A week B. 8 days. C. 2 weeks D. 10 days.

32. Which of the following is not stated in the passage? A. The 24th SEA Games was the largest regional sporting event in the world. B. The 24th SEA Games was the highest number of sports and gold meadals in the history of the SEA Games. C. The 22nd SEA Games was held in Vietnam in 2003.

D. The 2007 SEA Games was to be hosted by East Timor. 33. How many sports were there in The 24th SEA Games?

A. 44 B. 485 C. 43 D. 42

34. How offen does the SEA Games take place? Every ___________.

B. 4 years C. 3 years D. 5 years

A. 2 years 35. Where was The 21st SEA Games celebrated?

B. in Vietnam C. in Malaysia D. in A. in Philippines Singapore

Choose the suitable word to fill in each blank. 80

Divided into two parts, rites and festivals, the ceremony commenced at 19:00 with the song, “Vietnam– our Fatherland”. The surprise appearance of parachutists, carrying the 11 (36)_______flags of the competing Southeast Asian countries, was greeted with thunderous applause from the audience.

All the stadium’s lights suddenly came on, marking the start of the procession of Vietnam’s flag and the 22nd SEA Games; symbol. The 11 sporting delegations then marched past the reviewing stand to excited applause from officials and spectators. { rites: nghi lễ, parachutist: người nhảy dù, delegations; đoàn đại biểu}

The sacred (37) ______, which symbolizes the humanity of the games and desire to compete with burning intensity, was taken from The Ho Chi Minh Museum and passed by some famous Vietnamese athletes and athletes from 10 regional countries to Nguyen Thuy Hien ( wushu artist) who gave it to the Prime Minister, who in turn passed it to an athlete dressed like national (38) ______ Giong. { sacred: thiên liêng}

From this athlete’s hand, the official flame was lit at My Dinh National Stadium and will burn thoughout the course of the Games.

Speaking at the (39) _______ceremony, Minister-Chairman of the Physical Training and Sports Committee, who is also the head of the 22nd SEA Games Organizing Board, warmly welcomed Party and State leaders, delegates, domestic and international guests, and 11 sports delegations (40) ______ southeast Asian countries to the 22nd SEA Games.

36. A. nation B. nationality C. native D. national

37. A. flashlight B. torch C. lighter D. bulb

38. A. hero B. student C. communist D. actor

39. A. closing B. opening C. swimming D. sporting

40. A. to B. in C.from D. for

Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one. 41. There are more sports competed in this SEA Games than in last SEA Games.

a. The sports competed ill this SEA Games are the same as those in last SEA Games. b. Not as many sports were competed in last SEA Games as in this SEA Games. c. In the last SEA Games there were some sports which were not competed. d. In this SEA Games, there are less sports competed than in last SEA Games.

42. No one in the team can play better than John. a. John plays well but the others play better. b. John as well as other players of the team plays very well. c. Everyone in the team, but John, plays very well. d. John is the best player of the team. 43. He only feels happy whenever he does not have much work to do.

a. The more he works, the happier he feels. b. The less he works, the happier he feels: c. His work makes him feel happy. d. He feels happier and happier with his work. 44. More petrol is consumed nowadays than ten years ago.

a. Not so much petrol was consumed ten years ago as nowadays. b. Petrol consumption is going down nowadays. c. We had more petrol ten years ago than we do nowadays. d. We should consume as much petrol as possible.

45. I learn a lot but I cannot remember anything. a. I learn more and more and remember more and more.

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b. The less I learn, the more I remember. c. The more I learn, the less I remember. d. I remember not only what I have learnt.

B. WRITING

Fill each gap with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. An_______ effort on the part of all members will ensure the success of our plan.(energy)

2. California has an__________ system of community colleges. (stand)

3. When you are ready to prepare your final copy, follow your teacher’s instructions__________

(precise)

4. ____can accomplish many things which no individual could do alone. (cooperate)

5. Applicants face stiff__________ for university places this year. (compete)

6. Send Dick to the bank for money; he is a__________ boy. (rely)

7. Each correct answer gives the __________ a right to take a flower from the girl in the spotlight, (participate)

Rewrite these sentences

1. The apartment is big. The rent is high. → The bigger ………………………………………………………………… 2. We set off soon. We will arrive soon. → The sooner………………………………………………………………… 3. The joke is good. The laughter is loud. → The better…………………………………………………………………… 4. She gets fat. She feels tired. → The fatter ……………………………………………………………………. 5. As he gets older, he wants to travel less. → The older ……………………………………………………………………. 6. The children are excited with the difficult games. → The more ……………………………………………………………………. 7. People dive fast. Many accidents happen. → The faster …………………………………………………………………… 8. I meet him much. I hate him much → The more ……………………………………………………………………. 9. My boss works better when he is pressed for time, → The less ……………………………………………………………………. 10. As he has much money, he wants to spend much. → The more …………………………………………………………………

------------------------THE END------------------------------------ UNIT 14: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

I. VOCABULARY

1. appal (v) làm kinh sợ, chấn động

-> appalling (adj) kinh sợ, khủng khiếp

-> appallingly (adv) kinh sợ, khủng khiếp

2. appeal (v) kêu gọi

-> appeal (n) lời kêu gọi

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-> appealing (adj) hấp dẫn, quyến rũ

-> appealingly (adv) hấp dẫn, quyến rũ

3. aid (n/v) sự giúp đỡ, giúp đỡ

4. catastrophe (n) thảm họa

5. civilian (n) thường dân

(adj) thuộc dân sự

6. conference (n) hội nghị

7. convention (n) hiệp định

8. dedicate (v) cống hiến

-> dedicated (adj) tận tâm

-> dedication (n) sự tận tâm, tận tụy

9. devote (v) cống hiến

-> devoted (adj) tận tụy, hết lòng

-> devotedly (adv) một cách tận tụy

-> devotion (n) sự tận tâm, tận tụy

10. disaster (n) thảm họa

-> disaster- stricken (adj) bị thiên tai tàn phá

-> disastrous (adj) đầy tai họa, gây họa

11. emergency (n) tình trạng khẩn cấp

12. epidemic (n) dịch bệnh

13. famine (n) nạn đói

14. federation (n) liên đoàn

15. headquarters (n) trụ sở chính

16. hesitation (n) sự ngập ngừng, do dự

-> hesitate (v) ngập ngừng, do dự

-> hesitant (adj) ngập ngừng, do dự

-> hesitantly (adv) ngập ngừng, do dự

17. humanitarian (adj) nhân đạo

-> human (adj/n) con người

-> humanity (n) nhân loại, lòng nhân đạo

18. initiative (n) sáng kiến

-> initiate (v) khởi xướng, đề xướng

-> initiation (n) sự khởi xướng, đề xướng

19. injure (adj) bị thương

-> the injured (n) người bị thương

-> injury (n) sự tổn thương, vết thương

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20. livelihood (n) sinh kế, nghề nghiệp

21. poverty (n) nghèo nàn

-> impoverish (v) làm cho nghèo khổ, xấu đi

-> impoverishment (n) sự làm cho nghèo khổ, kiệt quệ

22. prisoner (n) tù nhân

23. struggle (v) đấu tranh, chiến đấu

24. suffering (n) nỗi đau, sự đau khổ

25. symbol (n) biểu tượng

-> symbolic of (adj) đặc trưng cho

-> symbolize (v) làm biểu tượng cho

26. temporary (adj) tạm thời

-> temporarily (adv) một cách tạm thời

27. treatment (n) sự chữa trị, đối xử

-> treat (v) chữa trị, đối xử

-> treatable (adj) có thể chữa trị

-> untreated (adj) không được chữa trị

28. tsunami (n) sóng thần

29. victim (n) nạn nhân

30. wounded (adj) bị thương

-> the wounded (n) người bị thương

II. GRAMMAR

SOME COMMON PHRASAL VERBS

(MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP)

1. account for: giải thích, kể đến

2. ask for : đòi hỏi, ask about: hỏi về

3. break down = fail , collapse : hỏng, suy sụp

4. break out = start suddenly : bùng nổ, bùng phát

5. bring up = raise and educate : nuôi nấng

6. bring about = cause sth to happen : xảy ra, mang lại

7. catch up / catch up with : bắt kịp , theo kịp .

8. call off : hủy bỏ

9. call on = visit : viếng thăm

10. call up : gọi điện

11. carry on : tiến hành

12. catch up with : theo kịp với

13. come along : tiến hành

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14. come on : begin: bắt đầu

15. come out = appear : xuất hiện

16. come about = become lower: giảm xuống, sa sút

17. come over = visit : ghé thăm

18. come up with: think of : Nghĩ ra

19. cool off : (nhiệt tình ) nguội lạnh đi , giảm đi .

20. count on = investigate , examinate : tính, dựa vào

21. differ from = not be the same: không giống với

22. fall behind : thụt lùi , tụt lại đằng sau .

23. fill in : điền vào , ghi vào .

24. fill out = discover : khám phá ra

25. get over = recover from : vượt qua, khắc phục

26. get up : thức dậy

27. get along / get on with sth : have a good relationship with sb: hòa thuận

28. give in : nhượng bộ , chịu thua .

29. give up = stop : từ bỏ , bỏ

30. go after : theo đuổi

31. go by (thời gian ) : trôi qua

32. go after = chase , pursue : theo đuổi, rượt đuổi

33. go ahead = be carried out : được diễn ra, tiến hành

34. go along = develop, progress : tiến bộ

35. go away : biến mất , tan đi .

36. go back = return : trở lại

37. go in : vào , đi vào .

38. go off ( chuông ) : reo , (súng , bom ) : nổ , (sữa ) : chua, hỏng , (thức ăn ), (đèn) tắt , (máy móc) : hư = explore

39. go on = continue : tiếp tục

40. go over : xem lại

41. go out ( ánh sáng , lửa , đèn ) : tắt

42. go up : lớn lên , trưởng thành = grow up , ( giá cả) : tăng lên

43. go down : (giá cả) : giảm xuống

44. hold up = stop =delay : hoãn lại , ngừng

45. hurry up : làm gấp

46. keep on = continue : tiếp tục

47. keep up with : theo kịp , bắt kịp .

48. lie down : nằm nghỉ

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49. jot down = make a quick note of something: ghi nhanh

50. look after : chăm sóc

51. look at : nhìn

52. look down on sb = coi thường

53. look up to sb = respect : kính trọng

54. look up : tìm , tra cứu ( trong sách , từ điển )

55. look for : tìm kiếm

56. make out = understand : hiểu

57. make up = invent , put sth together : phát minh, trộn

58. pass away = die : chết

59. put on : mặc (quần áo ) , mang (giày ) , đội (mũ) , mở (đèn )

60. put out = make st stop burning , produce: dập tắt , sản xuất

61. put off = postpone : hoãn lại

62. put up = build : xây dựng

63. speak up : nói to , nói thẳng

64. set off = begin : khỏi hành

65. set up = establish : thành lập

66. stand by : ủng hộ

67. take after = resemble : giống

68. take off : cởi (quần áo , giày , mũ ) ; (máy bay) cất cánh

69. take over = take responsible for st /V-ing:đảm nhận trách nhiệm

70. take up = start doing : bắt đầu tham gia

71. try out : thử

72. try on : mặc thử (quần áo )

73. turn down : gạt bỏ, bác bỏ

74. turn off : khóa , tắt (đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)

75. turn on : mở ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)

76. turn round : quay lại , thay đổi hướng

77. turn up : đến = arrive = appear (xuất hiện)

78. wait up (for ) : thức đợi ai

79. wash up : rửa bát đĩa ., wash away: cuốn trôi

80. watch out : đề phòng , chú y

81. wipe out = remove, destroy completely : xóa bỏ, phá hủy

III. EXERCISE

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

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1. A. catastrophe

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest

2. A. famine

B. trophy C. notify D. recipe

3. A. mission

B. determine C. mineral D. miner

B. revision C. division D. collision

4. A. inhabitant

Circle the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others

5. A. stimulate

B. interpreter C. imitation D. initiate

B. sharpener C. festival D. disaster

6. Failure to win the championship will _______in the dismissal of the coach.

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.

7. He tried to_______to everyone to support him.

A. result B. happen C. affect D. cause

8. There was a hold-up on the road because a bridge had been_______away by the flood.

A. make B. appeal C. persuade D. advise

9. He_______his life to helping the poor.

A. washed B. flowed C. blown D. destroyed

10. The Red Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help people in war time and _______ disasters.

A. spent B. experienced C. dedicated D. used

11. She ran in a marathon last week but_______after ten kilometers.

A. commercial B. political C. military D. humanitarian

12. Gertrude takes_______her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair, too.

A. dropped out B. closed down C. broke up D. made up

13. It took him a long time to _______the death of his wife.

A. in B. up C. after D. down

14. There were so many kinds of cameras_______, and I didn't know which to buy.

A. take away B. get over C. take off D. get through

15. Billy hasn't been working; he won't_______his examinations.

A. to choose B. choosing from C. chosen D. to choose from

A. get off B. get through C. keep up D. keep off

16. If something urgent has _______ up, phone me immediately and I will help you. A. picked B. come C. kept D. brought

17. Paula applied for the post but she was_______

A. turned down B. checked out C. kept under D. pushed ahead

18. If orders keep coming in like this, I'll have to_______more staff.

A. give up B. add in C. gain on D. take on

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19. Why do they_______talking about money all the time?

A. keep on B. side with C. take after D. work off

20. The passengers had to wait because the plane ______ off one hour late. A. took B. turned C. cut D. made 21. The organization was established in 1950 in the USA. A. come around B. set up C. made out D. put on

22. Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and responsibilities of a national relief society. A. take on B. get off C. go about D. put in 23. The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt. A. put on B. went off C. got out D. kept up

24. In times of war, the Red Cross is dedicated to reducing the sufferings of wounded soldiers, civilians, and prisoners of war. A. mounted D. interested C. devoted B. excited

25. _______ is a situation in which large numbers of people have little or no food, and many of them die. A. Disaster D. Flood. C. Poverty B. Famine 26. Go _______ this book because it has the information you need. A. over B. by C. off D. on

27. An international medical conference initiated by Davison resulted in the birth of the League of Red Cross Societies in 1991. A. started B. helped C. treated D. dedicated

28. Be careful! The tree is going to fall. B. Look up A. Look out C. Look on D. Look after

29. The ________ is an international organization that aims to fight and control disease.

A. World Health Organization B Word Health Organization

C. World Healthy Organization D. World Health Organism

30. The International Red Cross helps to ensure respect for the human being, and to prevent and relieve human _______. A. protection B. enjoyment C. wealthy D. sufferings

31. The International Committee Red Cross has about 12,000 staff members worldwide, about 800 of them working4in its Geneva _______. A. factories B. companies C. headquarters D. buildings

32. The Red Cross on white background was the original protection _______ declared at the 1864 Geneva Convention. A. poster B. billboard C. symbol D. signal

33. The Red .Cross is an international organization that helps people who are suffering from the results of war, diseases or _______. A. victims B. disasters C. opportunities D. conditions

Choose the best answers the question.

UNICEF is the driving force that helps build a world where the rights of every child are realized. We have the global authority to influence decision-makers, and the variety of partners at grassroots to turn the most innovative ideas into reality. That makes us unique among world organizations, and unique among those working with the young.

We believe that nurturing and caring for children are the cornerstones of human progress. UNICEF was created with this purpose in mind – to work with others to overcome the obstacles

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that poverty, violence, disease and discrimination place in a child’s path. We believe that we can, together, advance the cause of humanity.

We advocate for measures to give children the best start in life, because proper care at the youngest age forms the strongest foundation for a person’s future.

We promote girls’ education – ensuring that they complete primary education as a minimum – because it benefits all children, both girls and boys. Girls who are educated grow up to become better thinkers, better citizens, and better parents to their own children.

We act so that all children are immunized against common childhood diseases, and are well nourished, because it is wrong for a child to suffer or die from a preventable illness.

We work to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people because it is right to keep them from harm and enable them to protect others. We help children and families affected by HIV/AIDS to live their lives with dignity.

We involve everyone in creating protective environments for children. We are present to relieve suffering during emergencies, and wherever children are threatened, because no child should be exposed to violence, abuse]or exploitation.

UNICEF upholds the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We work to assure equality for those who are discriminated against, girls and women in particular. We work for the Millennium Development Goals and for the progress promised in the United Nations Charter. We strive for peace and security. We work to hold everyone accountable to the promises made for children.

We are part of the Global Movement for Children – a broad coalition dedicated to improving the life of every child. Through this movement, and events such as the United Nations Special Session on Children, we encourage young people to speak out and participate in the decisions that affect their lives.

We work in 190 countries through country programmes and National Committees. We are UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund.

34. What does UNICEF stand for?

A. The United National Children's Fund B. The United Nations Child's Fund

C. The United Nations Children's Fund D. The United Native Child's Fund.

35. The word unique paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. honorable B. only one C. widespread D. good

36. Choose the word in the passage that means " the practice of treating somebody or a particular group in society less fairy than others"'

A. Discrimination B. Poverty C. Disease D. Citizen

37. They work to prevent the spread of _______among young people

A. flue B. cold C. stomach-ache D. HIV/AIDS

38. How many countries does UNICEF work in?

A. 23 B. 190 C. 192 D. 52

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.

UNICEF was created in 1946 to help bring food and medicine to children who suffered during World War II in Europe. It began as a temporary agency, but became a permanent part of

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the United Nations in 1953 (39)_______ the need for its services around the world. UNICEF's primary concern is to help governments of developing countries improve the quality of life for (40)________ one billion children. UNICEF's main office is in the United Nations offices in New York City, but it also has more than 40 offices and 100 programs (41)_______. In 1965, UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize for its work helping children and building brighter future.

UNICEF works with governments to provide three kinds of services. First, UNICEF plans and develops programs in developing countries. These programs serve the community (42)_______ providing health care, information about nutrition, basic education, and safe water and sanitation. Then UNICEF trains people to work in these programs. UNICEF also provides supplies and equipment that (43)_______ the programs to work.

39. A. due to B. instead of C. except for D. in spite of

40. A. most B. the most C. almost D. all most

41. A. in world B. worldwide C. on world D. worldly

42. A. for B. with C. about D. by

43. A. enable B. let C. make D. suggest

B. WRITING

Exercise :Fill each gap with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. I keep a box of tools and a fire extinguisher in my car for use in an _________. (emerge)

2. Red Cross chapters provide______________ services to help people within communities

lead safer, healthier, more self-reliant lives. (human)

3. Adding lime to lakes and rivers and their drainage areas______________ neutralizes their

acidity. (temporary)

4. Conservationists work to save wilderness areas and wildlife from human ______________

(destroy)

REWRITE THESE SENTENCES

1. I stopped smoking three years ago. (give )

 __________________________________________________________________________

2. The meeting has been delayed until next Monday. (hold)

 _________________________________________________________________________

3. The trouble with Frank is that he never arrives on time for a meeting. (turn)

 __________________________________________________________________________

4. Adrian is just like his father. (take)

 __________________________________________________________________________

5. Because of an accident, my train was delayed for several hours. (hold)

 __________________________________________________________________________

6. John, could you take care of my handbag while I go to the toilet? (look)

 __________________________________________________________________________

7. I’m trying to find my diary. (look)

 __________________________________________________________________________

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8. You’re too young to stop working. (give)

 __________________________________________________________________________

9. They’ll have to postpone the game. (put)

 __________________________________________________________________________

10. If you don’t know the number, you can find it in the phone book. (look)

 __________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY

I. VOCABULARY

1. advocate (v) tán thành

2. Age of Enlightenment thời đại Khai Sáng (n)

3. argue (v) tranh luận

 argument (n) sự tranh luận, lập luận

4. basis (n) nền tảng, cơ sở

 basic (adj) căn bản

 basically (adv) một cách căn bản

5. belief (n) lòng tin, tín ngưỡng

 believe (v) tin

 believable (adj) đáng tin, có thể tin được

 unbelievable (adj) không thể tin được

6. childbearing (n) việc sinh con

7. civilization (n) nền văn minh

 civilize (v) khai sáng, cải thiện

8. deep-seated (adj) ăn sâu, lâu đời

9. discriminate (v) phân biệt đối xử

 discrimination (n) sự phân biệt đối xử

 discriminatory (adj) phân biệt đối xử với ai / cái gì

10. doubt (v/n) nghi ngờ, sự nghi ngờ

 doubtful (adj) đáng ngờ

 doubtfully (adv) đáng ngờ

 doubtless (adj) không còn nghi ngờ, chắc chắn

 doubtlessly (adv) chắc chắn

11. deny (v) phủ nhận

 denial (n) lời phủ nhận, sự từ chối

12. establish (v) thiết lập, củng cố

 establishment (n) sự thiết lập

 established (adj) có uy tín

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(n /adj) nữ giới 13. female

thuộc về trí tuệ, thông thái (adj) 14. intellectual

sự dính líu (n) 15. involvement

dính líu, liên quan (v)  involve

có liên quan (adj)  involved

(n/adj) nam giới 16. male

triết gia (n) 17. philosopher

triết học (n)  philosophy

người tiên phong (n) 18. pioneer

chính trị (n) 19. politics

(adj) về chính trị  political

(adv) về mặt chính trị  politically

chính trị gia (n)  politician

quyền lực, sức mạnh (n) 20. power

mạnh mẽ, đầy quyền lực (adj)  powerful

quyền lợi (n) 21. right

vai trò (n) 22. role

quan trọng, có ý nghĩa (adj) 23. significant

ý nghĩa, sự quan trọng (n)  significance

(adv) đáng kể, có ý nghĩa  significantly

địa vị, tình trạng (n) 24. status

phù hợp, thích hợp (adj) 25. suited for

nhà tư tưởng (n) 26. thinker

27. throughout (prep) ở khắp nơi, suốt

thay đổi (v) 28. vary

khác nhau (adj)  various

sự đa dạng (n)  variety

bầu, bỏ phiếu (v) 29. vote

cử tri (n)  voter

30. widespread (adj) lan rộng, phổ biến

II. GRAMMAR

PHRASAL VERBS ( part 2 )

= explain (giải thích) Account for

= destroy sth with an explosion (làm nổ) Blow up

= lose control of one’s emotion (suy sụp tinh thần) Break down

= begin suddenly (òa lên, bùng lên) Burst into

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= understand sth (hiểu điều gì) Catch on (to sth)

= manage without sb (xoay sở mà không cần có ai) Do without

= fall into a light sleep (ngủ thiếp đi) Drop off

Get on = get into a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (lên xe, tàu, máy bay ….)

Get off = leave a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (xuống xe, tàu, máy bay ….)

= be successful in an exam (thi đậu) Get through

= leave your bed and start the day (thức dậy) Get up

= proceed, do what you want to do (tiến lên, theo đuổi) Go ahead

= leave a place Go away

= decrease or get smaller (giảm xuống) Go down

= rise (tăng lên) Go up

= make fun of; ridicule (cười nhạo) Laugh at

= think that one í better than sb (coi thường) Look down on

Make out = manage to see sb/sth or read or hear sth; distinguish (hiểu, giải thích, tìm ra manh mối; phân biệt, nhận ra)

= compensate for (bồi thường) Make up for

= give a baby the name of sb else (đặt tên theo ai) Name after

= die Pass away

= postpone (hoãn lại) Put off

= (1) fool, deceive (đánh lừa) Take in

= (2) understand everything (hiểu rõ)

= start a job or a hobby (bắt đầu 1 công việc hoặc 1 sở thích) Take up

= get rid of sth that you no longer want (vứt bỏ) Throw away

= start an electrical device working Turn on

= stop an electrical device working Turn off

= wash the dishes and cutlery (rửa chén bát) Wash up

= make sb exhausted (làm ai mệt nhoài) Wear sb out

= think about a problem and find the anwer Work out

III. EXERCISE

1. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences:

1. Mrs. Pike is a feminist, who ________ that women should be offered the same job opportunities as men.

A. varies B. advocates C. leads D. votes

2. It is against the law to __ on the basis of sex, age, marital status, or race.

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A. suit B. discriminate C. believe D. gain

3. The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually ________ laws to enforce equal opportunities.

A. discriminate B. discrimination C. discriminatory D. discriminated

4. In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a ________.

A. politics B. political C. politically D. politician

5. Childbearing is the women's most wonderful role.

A. Giving birth to a baby B. Having no child

C. Bring up a child D. Educating a child

6. A ________ problem, feeling, or belief is difficult to change because its causes have been there for a long time.

A. deep-seated B. significant C. dependent D. intellectual

7. ________ is the study or creation of theories about basic things such as the nature of existence, knowledge, and thought, or about how people should live.

A. Politics B. Physics C. Business D. Philosophy

8. When a women works outside the home and makes money herself, she is ________ independent from her husband.

A. financially B. politically C. philosophically D. variously

9. In some most Asian countries women are undervalued and they never have the same ________ as men.

A. formality B. basis C. limit D. status

10. Women's status ________ in different countries and it depends on the cultural beliefs.

A. varies B. employs C. fixes D. establishes

11. Women's contribution to our society has been ______ better these days.

A. differently B. naturally C. intellectually D. significantly

12. In some communities a husband's ________ over his wife is absolute.

A. power B. powerful C. powerfully D. powered

13. People used to consider women to be better_________ for childbearing and homemaking. A. regarded B. suited C. understood D. kept

14. Please ________ the light, it’s getting dark here.

A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into

2. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently.

1. A. dish B. pretty D. bill C. decided

2. A. wear B. peach D. niece C. team

3. A. fan B. fall D. crash C. tax

4. A. lorry B. cost D. owe C. watch

5. A. fine B. buy D. height C. weight

3. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.

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B. natural B. consider B. family

C. pioneer C. cultural C. century C. individual D. business D. period D. politics D. significant 1. A. history 2. A. advocate 3. A. position 4. A. philosopher B. discriminate

WORD FORM

1. Sex ____________ has always been a controversial issue for centuries. (DISCRIMINATE)

2. The _________ impact of racial discrimination caused lots of damage to the black. (WIDE)

3. Art is one way to promote one’s __________ (BELIEVE)

4. There is no ________ that there will never exist complete equality between men and women. (DENY)

5. To preserve that __________, it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it. (CIVIL). 6. In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a _________ (POLITICAL) 7. In some communities a husband's _________ over his wife is absolute. (POWERFUL)

READING:

Choose the best answer to complete the blanks

Years ago, in their private family role, women quite often dominate the male members of the household. Women were quite (1) _____ to their families. However, the public role of women has changed (2) _____ since the beginning of World War II. During the war, men were away from home to the battle. As a (3) ____, women were in complete control of the home. They found themselves doing double and sometmes triple (4) _____. They began to take over the work of their absent husbands and to work outside. They accounted for 73% of the industrial labor force. Women were forced by economic realities to work in the factories. The women who worked there were (5) _____ low wages, lived in crowded and small dormitories. (6) _____, they found themselves a place as active members of society. Women, although they were ruthlessly exploited, became the key to the country's success. The feminist movement seems to have been (7) _____ important part in the demands (8) _____ women Equal Rights. The movement tends to have a way of changing men and women and their roles in society. It often redefines the role of women in society. Inventions, too, bring progress in society as (9) _____ as to the individual's life. In the late nineteenth century the invention of the typewriter gave women a new skill and a. job outside the home. The Suffragettes in the turn of the century has become a (10) _____ for most women to be engaged in equality.

Question 1: A. fascinated B. worried C. dedicated D. interested

Question 2: A. unfortunately B. approximately C. nearly D. dramatically

Question 3: A. change B. result C. success D. opportunity

Question 4: A. duty B. job C. requirement D. career

Question 5: A. made B. paid C. created D. delivered

Question 6: A. Because B. Therefore C. However D. So

Question 7: A. a B. an C. the D. Ø

Question 8: A. for B. in C. with D. against

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Question 9: A. much B. long C. soon D. well

Question 10: A. present B. souvenir C. symbol D. role

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

Today, more and more women are actively participating in social activities both in urban and rural areas. Specifically, they have shined brightly in even many fields commonly regarded as the man's areas such as business, scientific research and social management. In some areas, women even show more overwhelming power than men. The image of contemporary Vietnamese women with creativeness, dynamism, success has become popular in Vietnam's society. The fact reveals that the gender gap has been remarkably narrowed and women enjoy many more opportunities to pursue their social careers and obtain success, contributing to national socio- economic development. According to Ms. Le Thi Quy, Director of the Gender/and Development Research Centre under the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University, gender equity in Vietnam has reached a high level over the past decade. The rate of Vietnamese women becoming National Assembly members from the 9th term to the 11th term increased 8.7%, bringing the proportion of Vietnamese women in authority to 27.3%, the highest rate in Southeast Asia. There is no big gap in the level of literacy and schooling between men and women. Women account for about 37% of university and college graduates, 19.9% of doctoral degree holders and 6.7% of professors and associate professors.

The legitimate rights of women and children are ensured more than ever before with more complete legal documents including laws, conventions and national action plans, among which the laws on "gender equity" mark a turning-point in the empowerment of women.

Mass media also highlights the continued success of women in every field and honors their great importance in modern society, helping to do away with outdated perceptions about traditional women's duties. Many projects on reproductive health care, children protection, and family income improvement jointly conducted by various mass organizations, state agencies and non-governmental organizations have created favorable conditions for women to become involved. 1. The text is about ……………………….

A. the changes in the status of Vietnamese women B. the Vietnamese women's liberation C. the Vietnamese sex discrimination D. the discrimination that Vietnamese women have to face 2. Which adjective is not used to describe Vietnamese women? A. successful B. creative C. narrow D. dynamic 3. According to the data in the text, ……………….

A. Vietnamese women do not take part in authority B. the level of literacy and schooling between men and women in Vietnam is the same C. there are more women in authority in Vietnam than those in any other countries in Southeast Asia . D. there are no female professors in Vietnam 4. Vietnamese women …………………...

A. have few opportunities to develop their intellectual ability B. have only shined brightly in doing housework C. cannot do any scientific research D. are ensured their rights with laws, conventions and national action plans 5. Which is not mentioned in the text as a project to create condition for Vietnamese women?

A. Traditional women's duties C. Children protection B. Reproductive health care D. Family income improvement

Rewrite these sentences:

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1. The meeting has been postponed until next Monday. (put)

……………………………………………………………….

2. I really respect my teacher. (look)

………………………………………………………………

3. Do you have a good relationshipwith your in-laws? (get)

…………………………………………………………….

4. Barry has recovered from his illness now. (get)

………………………………………………………………

5. My father stopped smoking 3 months ago. (give)

……………………………………………………………..

6. I’ll come back in a minute. I just want to test my new dryer. (try)

…………………………………………………………………….

7. I couldn't understand what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent. (make) ………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Mrs. Jones's husband died fast Friday. We are all shocked by the news. (pass) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

UNIT 16: THE ASOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS

I. VOCABULARY

1. accelerate thúc đẩy, tăng tốc (v)

 accelebration sự tăng tốc (n)

2. according to (prep) theo, y theo

giải thích, chiếm số lượng 3. account for (v)

nhận vào, thừa nhận 4. admit (v)

quyền được phép vào  admittance (n)

sự nhận vào (trường,bệnh viện…)  admission (n)

 admittedly (adv) phải thừa nhận là, thú thật là

5. area (n) diện tích

6. association (n) hiệp hội, sự liên kết

 associate (v) liên kết, hòa nhập

7. diverse (adj) đa dạng

 diversify (v) làm đa dạng

 diversity (n) sự đa dạng

8. enterprise (n) doanh nghiệp

9. estimate (v) ước tính

 estimate (n) sự ước tính

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10. finance (n) tài chính

 financial (adj) về tài chính

 financially (adv) về tài chính

11. forestry (n) lâm nghiệp

 forest (n) rừng

 deforestation (n) nạn phá rừng

12. forge (v) tạo dựng, giả mạo

13. found (v) thành lập, sáng lập

 foundation (n) sự thành lập

 founder (n) người sáng lập

14. gross domestic product (GDP) tổng sản phẩm quốc nội

15. growth (n) sự tăng trưởng

16. integration (n) sự hòa nhập

 integrate (v) hòa nhập

17. justice (n) sự công bằng

18. original (adj) đầu tiên

 origin (n) nguồn gốc

 originality (n) sự sáng tạo

 originally (adv) trước hết, thoạt đầu

 originate (v) bắt nguồn từ, xuất phát

19. pay attention to chú ý đến

20. population (n) dân số

21. rate (n) tỉ lệ

22. realization (n) sự nhận thức, thành tựu

 realize (v) nhận thức, thành đạt

23. record (v) ghi chép, ghi âm

24. relationship (n) mối quan hệ

25. respect (n) sự kính trọng

 respectable (adj) đáng kính

 respectably (adv) đàng hoàng, đứng đắn

 respectful (adj) lễ phép, kính cẩn

 respectfully (adv) lễ phép, kính cẩn

26. series (n) loạt, chuỗi

27. socio – economic (adj) về kinh tế xã hội

28. stability (n) sự ổn định

 stable (adj) ổn định

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29. statistics (n) số liệu thống kê

 statistical (adj) về thống kê

 statistically (adv) về thống kê

 statistician (n) nhà thống kê

30. transportation (n) việc vận chuyển

 transport (v) vận chuyển

 transport (n) việc vận chuyển, phương tiện vận chuyển

II. GRAMMAR

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN)

1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian là những mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời

gian như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until, till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as , so long as (chừng nào mà), since (từ khi) ...

Lưu ý: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu. Nếu mệnh đề

trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng ở đầu câu sẽ ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.

2. Cách dùng thì trong mệnh đề thời gian:

MAIN CLAUSE: TIME-CLAUSE:

Present simple Present simple / present progressive / present perfect

1: I normally stay at home when it rains.

Cả 2 mệnh đề đều dùng thì hiện tại đơn để chỉ một thói quen ở hiện tại.

2: He usually sings aloud while he is having a bath.

Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn để chỉ tính liên tục của hành động.

3: He only goes out for a walk after he has had dinner.

Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nhấn mạnh sự hoàn tất của một hành động.

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MAIN CLAUSE: TIME-CLAUSE:

Future tenses Present simple / present perfect

1. We will go until you finish work. Mệnh đề chính: thì tương lai đơn. 2. We will go until you have finished work.

Mệnh đề thời gian: có thể dung thì hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành.

3. The film will have already begun by the time we get to the cinema.

Mệnh đề chính: thì tương lai hoàn thành để chỉ việc sẽ hoàn thành trước một việc khác trong tương lai.

Mệnh đề thời gian: thường dùng với thì hiện tại đơn.

MAIN CLAUSE: TIME-CLAUSE:

Past simple / past progressive / past perfect Past simple / past progressive / past perfect

1. I usually felt cold when I was afraid.

Cả hai mệnh đề dùng thì quá khứ đơn để chỉ một thói quen trong quá khứ.

2. When I arrived, Anne made a cup of tea.

Cả hai mệnh đề dùng thì quá khứ đơn để chỉ một thói quen trong quá khứ.

3. The sun was shining when we arrived there.

Mệnh đề chính: thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, để nói điều gì đang xảy ra thì một việc khác làm gián đoạn.

4. My wife was cooking while I was looking the baby.

Cả hai mệnh đề dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, để chỉ hai hành động cùng đồng thời diễn ra trong một khoảng thời gian.

5. Before I arrived, Anne had made some biscuits.

Mệnh đề chính: thì quá khứ hoàn thành để nói một hành động đã hoàn

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thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

Lưu ý: Trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian với ý nghĩa tương lai chúng ta không dùng thì tương lai đơn (will) hoặc be going to mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn (simple present) hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn (present perfect) khi muốn nhấn mạnh đến sự hoàn thành của hành động trước khi một hành động khác xảy ra.

Chú ý:

a/ Cấu trúc: It is + time + since + Subject + past simple.

Ex: It is ages since I enjoyed myself so much.

b/ Cấu trúc: no sooner ……. than và hardly ………. when…

Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong mệnh đề chính, thì quá khứ đơn với mệnh đề ” no sooner ……. than và hardly ………. when…”

Ex: I had hardly turned on my computer when there was a power cut.

III. EXERCISE

1. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences:

1. In economics, a country's _______ is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year, not including its income from investments in other countries.

a. free trade area b. association

c. gross domestic product d. economic cooperation

2. One of ASEAN's objectives is to help people think about peace and _____ and do something about it.

a. origin b. justice c. statistics d. record

3. The motivations for the birth of ASEAN were the desire for a _______ environment.

a. stable b. stability c. stably d. stabilize

4. ASEAN is an organization on the Southeast Asian region that aims to _______ economic growth, social progress, and cultural development.

a. account b. include c. accelerate d. respect

5. The Association of Southeast Asia which consists of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia was _______ on August 8, 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.

a. found b. founded c. invented d. discovered

6. Southeast Asia is a region of diverse cultures.

a. same b. adopted c. various d. respected

7. ASEAN has emphasized cooperation in the "three pillars" of security, socio cultural and economic _______ in the region.

a. organization b. production c. integration d. establishment

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8. ASEAN has planned equitable economic development and reduced poverty and _______ disparities in year 2020.

a. socio-politic b. socio-cultural c. socio-linguistic d. socio-economic

9. The Governments of ASEAN have paid special attention _______ trade.

a. to b. on c. for d. with

10. 2007 was the 40th anniversary of the _______ of ASEAN.

a. found b. founder c. foundation d. founding

11. Vietnam asked for _______ to ASEAN in 1995.

a. admit b. admission c. admissive d. admissible

12. The local authority must face the _______ that they do not have enough conditions to develop economy.

a. trade b. statistics c. encouragement d. realization

13. After Jessica_____ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company.

a. will finish b. will have finished c. finishes d. is finishing

14. It seems that whenever I travel abroad I _____ to take something need.

a. forgot b. am forgetting c. forget d. had forgotten

15. When I see the doctor this afternoon, I _____ him to look at my throat.

a. will ask b. asked c. will have asked d. ask

16. I_____ all of the questions correctly since I began this grammar exercise on verb tenses.

a. am answering b. answer c. have answered d. answered

17. I will call you before I ________ over.

a. come b. will come c. will be coming d. came

18. After she graduates, she ________ a job.

b. will get c. had got d. get a. got

19. When I _________ him tomorrow, I will ask him.

b. have seen c. will see d. see a. saw

20. As soon as it _________ raining, we will leave.

a. stops b. stop c. had stopped d. stopped

21. By the time Bill ____ to bed tomorrow, he will have had a full day and will be ready for sleep.

a. had gone b. will go c. goes d. went

22. When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____.

a. worked/was ringing b. worked/rang c. were working/rang d. work/rings

23. Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.

a. smoked/read b. was smoking/was reading c. had smoked/read d. smoking/reading

24. He _____ his house before he moved to France.

a. had sold b. has sold c. Sold d. was selling

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25. As soon as I finish my report, I will call you and we ________ out for dinner.

a. went b. will go c. will have gone d. go

26. Whenever I ________ her, I say hello.

a. see b. will see c. will have seen d. saw

27. By the time I return to my country, I _________ away from home for more than three years.

a.would be b. will have been c. will be d. am

28. After he _______ breakfast tomorrow, he will get ready to go to work.

a.will have had b. has c. will be having d. have

29.As soon as he finishes dinner, he _______ the children for a work to a nearby playground.

a.will take b. takes c. will be taking d. took

30. When Bill gets home, his children ___________ in the yard.

a.played b. will play c. will be playing d. play

31. He will work at his desk until he ______ to another meeting in the middle of the afternoon.

a.went b. go c. will go d. goes

32. She ________ lunch by the time we arrived.

a.finished b. has finished c. had finished d. finishing

33. Bob will come soon. When Bob _______, we will see him.

a. come b. will come c. will be coming d. comes

2. Identify the underlined part that needs correction:

1. When (A) it raining,(B) I usually go (C) to school by bus.(D)

2. I (A) learned a lot of Japanese (B) while (C) I am (D) in Tokyo.

3. I have not been (A) well (B) since I return (C) home.(D)

4. I’ll (A) stay here (B) until (C) will you (D) get back.

5. When Sam was in New York,(A) he (B) stays (C) with his cousins.(D)

6. Last night,(A) I had gone (B) to bed after (C) I had finished my homework.(D)

7. I will call (A) you (B) before (C) I will come (D) over.

8. By the time I left (A) my apartment this morning, (B) someone (C) looked for (D) me.

9. Whenever (A) Mark will be (B) angry, his nose gets (C) red.(D)

10. I had fried (A) chicken when (B) I am (C) at the restaurant.(D)

3. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently.

1. A. wear B. waste C. one D. written

2. A. lazy B. revision C. lose D. cosy

3. A. failed B. worked C. looked D. passed

4. A. chemist B. school C. chef D. mechanic

5. A. peach B. team C. speed D. break

READING

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Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

On 8 August 1967, five leaders - the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand- sat down together in the main hall of the Department of Foreign Affairs building in Bangkok, Thailand and signed a document. By virtue of that document, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was born. The five Foreign Ministers who signed it have been considered as the founders of probably the most successful intergovernmental organization in the developing world today. The document that they signed would be known as the ASEAN Declaration.

It is a short, simply-worded document containing just five articles. It declares the establishment of an Association for Regional Cooperation among the Countries of Southeast Asia to be known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and spells out the aims and purposes of that Association. These aims and purposes are about the cooperation in economy, society, culture, techniques, education and other fields, and in the promotion of regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the principles of the United Nations Charter. It stipulates that the Association will be open for participation by all States in the Southeast Asian region subscribing to its aims, principles and purposes. It proclaims ASEAN as representing the collective will of the nations of Southeast Asia to bind themselves together in friendship and cooperation and, through joint efforts and sacrifices, secure for their peoples and for posterity the blessings of peace, freedom and prosperity. The goal of ASEAN, then, is to create, not to destroy. The original ASEAN logo presented five brown sheaves of rice stalks, one for each founding member. Beneath the sheaves is the legend "ASEAN" in blue. These are set on a field of yellow encircled by a blue border. Brown stands for strength and stability, yellow for prosperity and blue for the spirit of cordiality in which ASEAN affairs are conducted. When ASEAN celebrated its 30th Anniversary in 1997, the sheaves on the logo had increased to ten -representing all ten countries of Southeast Asia and reflecting the colors of the flags of all of them. In a very real sense, ASEAN and Southeast Asia will be one and the same, just as the founders had envisioned. 1. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations …………………..

A. consists of some Western nations B. was established by the Philippines C. was founded on 8 August 1967 D. was established by the Minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs of Thailand 2. The pronoun it in the first paragraph refers to ………………...

A. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations B. the most successful inter-governmental organization C. Bangkok D. the ASEAN Declaration

3. Which adjective can be used to describe the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? A. successful B. illegal C. nongovernmental D. developing

4. Which does not belong to the purpose and aim of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? A. friendship B. destruction C. creation D. cooperation 5. Up to 1997 how many countries there have been in ASEAN? A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

WORD FORM

1. The main goal of the association is to promote peace and ____________ in the region and all over the world. (STABLE)

2. ___________ , there were five countries founding the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (ORIGIN)

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3. She was the only visitor _______________ into the sick room. (ADMISSION)

4. They have agreed to provide ____________ assistance for countryside schools. (FINANCE)

Rewrite these sentences:

1. The other passengers will get on the bus soon. Then we will leave. (as soon as)

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2. I turned off the lights. After that, I left the room. (before)

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3. Susan sometimes feels nervous. Then she chews her nails. (whenever)

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4. The frying pan caught on fire. I was making dinner at that time. ( while)

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5. Shakespeare died in 1616. He had written more than 37 plays before then. (by the time)

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6. I won’t return my book to the library. I’ll finish my research project first. (until)

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The end

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