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Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản
Tiếng Anh 12
Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây
Lớp: 12C…
Họ và tên:…………………………..
Năm học 2021 - 2022
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UNIT 1: HOME LIFE (CUỘC SỐNG GIA ĐÌNH)
I. VOCABULARY:
1. annoy (v) làm phiền, làm bực mình
2. attempt (n) sự cố gắng, sự nỗ lực
attempt (v) cố gắng, làm, nỗ lực
3. biologist (n) nhà sinh vật học
biological (adj) thuộc sinh vật học
biology (n) sinh vật học
4. caring (adj) quan tâm, hay giúp đỡ
5. close – knit (adj) gắn bó với nhau
6. come up = occur = happen (v) xảy ra
7. confidence (in sth/sb) (n) sự tin cậy, sự tự tin
confident (of sb/sth) (adj) tin tưởng
confidently (adv) một cách tự tin
8. garbage (n) rác
9. give a hand = help (v) giúp đỡ ai
10. household chore (n) việc nhà
11. join hands (v) hợp sức lại, chung tay
12. mischievous (adj) tinh nghịch, ranh mãnh
mischievously (adv) tinh nghịch
mischievousness (n) tính tinh nghịch
13. obedient (adj) biết vâng lời, ngoan ngoãn
obedience (n) sự vâng lời
obey (v) vâng lời
disobedient (adj) không vâng lời, ngang ngược
14. play trick on somebody chơi xỏ ai, chơi khăm ai
15. project (n) đề án, dự án
16. responsibility (n) trách nhiệm
responsible (for) (adj) có trách nhiệm
irresponsible (adj) vô trách nhiệm
17. rush (v) vội vã đi gấp
18. secure (adj) an toàn, chắc chắn, tự tin
security (n) sự an toàn, sự bảo đảm
19. separately (adv) một cách riêng biệt
separate (adj) riêng biệt
20. shift (n) ca (làm việc)
21. study pressure (n) áp lực học tập
22. supportive (adj) khích lệ, động viên
support (n) sự ủng hộ
support (v) ủng hộ
23. willing (to do something) (adj) vui lòng, sẵn lòng làm gì
II. GRAMMAR
REVISION OF TENSES
1. PAST SIMPLE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
a. Form:
(+) S + V2/ed
(-) S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V?
(+) S + was/were + O
(-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + O
(?) Was/were + S + O?
b. Use:
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- Diễn tả một hành động đã chấm dứt hẳn tại một thời điểm hay khoảng thời gian xác định trong
quá khứ.
Ex: She was born in 1980.
- Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ. Trong trường hợp này thì quá khứ đơn mang nghĩa của used
to.
Ex: I always got up at six in those days. (= used to get)
- Diễn tả một chuỗi hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ex: Yesterday morning, I got up at 5 o’clock. First I did some jogging. Next I took a bath,
had breakfast and then went to school.
c. Recognition: - last week/ month/ year/…
- yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/…
Notes: “ED” pronunciation /ɪd/; /t/; /d/
/t/
/d/
/ɪd/
Âm cuối là /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/
Âm cuối là /b/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/
/r/ /v/ /z/ /dʒ/ và các nguyên
âm
Âm cuối là /t/ /d/
Ex: watched, coughed, talked,
typed, brushed
Ex: entered, robbed,
managed, agreed, caused,
arrived
Ex: waited, added
2. PAST PROGRESSIVE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)
a. Form:
b. Use:
- Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: - A What were you doing at 7 o’clock last night?
B I was driving home from work.
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì bị một hành động khác cắt ngang.
Ex: - I met her when / while we were working for the same company.
- Diễn tả hai hành động tiếp diễn song song xảy ra cùng một lúc trong quá khứ.
Ex: - I was listening to music while my parents were watching TV last night.
* Note: Với cách dùng này while thường đứng giữa câu.
c. Recognition: at that time, at 8 a.m yesterday…
3. PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
a. Form:
(-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing
(?) Was/ were + S + V-ing?
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b. Use:
- Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại. Với ý nghĩa này thì hiện
tại hoàn thành được dùng với since và for.
Ex: - Mr. Brown has taught maths in this school for five years.
- The child has been ill since yesterday.
* Note:
since + mốc thời gian
for + khoảng thời gian
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định thời gian.
Ex: - Mr. Clark has travelled around the world.
- Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
Ex: - We have seen this play several times.
- Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước một hành động khác ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex: - The young scientist declares that he has completed the experiment successfully.
c. Recognition: - ever, never, before, already, lately, recently, yet, just…
- so far, up to now = until now = up to the present, since, for…
- This is the first (second/ third...) time
III. EXERCISES
I. Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others
in the group:
1. A. obedient B. confidence C. mischievous D. reference
2. A. close-knit B. supportive C. biologist D. generally
II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others in the group:
3. A. safe B. staff C. base D. bass
4. A. discussion B. revision C. attention D. admission
5. A. served B. hoped C. liked D. coughed
III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence:
6. I don’t have my own room. I have to ______ the bedroom with my elder brother.
A. divide B. share C. separate D. live
7. “Have you been abroad recently?” “I last ________ abroad in 2004”.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. was going
8. Five dollars _______ all that he had when he first arrived in this city.
A. have been B. has been C. were D. was
9. She ______ the piano when she was a child.
A. played B. was playing C. has played D. had played
10. Someone ______ my bike! Now I’ll have to walk home.
A. steals B. stolen C. has stolen D. had stolen
11. As soon as Debbie got out of bed, she opened the window and _______ in fresh air.
A. breathes B. breathed C. was breathing D. has breathed
12. In the middle of the night, I _____ on the sofa when someone ______ at the door.
A. had slept – was knocking
B. was sleeping – knocked
C. slept – was knocking
D. was sleeping – had knocked
13. I wish Maureen worked as hard as Theresa _________.
A. does B. can C. will D. did
14. I haven’t had a Chinese meal ____________.
A. since ages B. for 2002 C. since two years D. for years
(-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3/ed
(?) Have/ Has + S + V3/ed?
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15. Many people are ready to ______ to improve health care around the world.
A. gather heads B. consider legs C. open hearts D. join hands
16. They closed the road in an ______ to reduce traffic in the city.
A. attempt B. advance C. effort D. ability
17. I am ______ a lot of study pressure because I am now in my final year at the secondary
school.
A. above B. with C. under D. on
18. My mother need someone dependable to _______ the children while she is at work.
A. look up B. look after C. look into D. look on
19. Because they are a ______ and supportive of one another, they often share their feelings and
whenever problems come up, they discuss them frankly and quickly find solutions.
A. close-knit B. close-founded C. close-worn D. close-made
20. Daisy: “What a lovely house you have!” – Mary: “______.”
A. Lovely. I think so. B. Thank you. Hope you will drop in.
C. Of course not. It’s not costly D. No problem.
IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:
NUCLEAR FAMILY
The traditional definition of a nuclear family is a family unit that includes two married
parents of opposite genders and their biological or adopted children living in the same
residence. However, the term “nuclear family” can mean several different things in today’s
society. Understanding the classic roles in this type of family and how it is defined can help you
understand the relationships in your own family, whether it’s nuclear or not.
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term “nuclear family” was first used in
1947, but the concept of a family that consists of just parents and children is much older. This
basic unit of a family’s structure has existed for millennia, but it wasn’t until the 1960s and
1970s that the nuclear family became the majority situation. At that time, industrial economic
booms and rising wages made it possible for young parents to afford their own homes without
living with extended family members. At the same time, better healthcare contributed to the
nuclear family, as elderly members became more self-sufficient and independent for decades
after their children were grown.
Today, the era of the nuclear family is often glamorized, complete with mom in the
kitchen, dad out earning the paychecks, and the kids building a tree house or hosting a stuffed
animal tea party. In reality, there is no ideal type of family, and today’s definition of a nuclear
family can greatly differ from that it was a few decades ago.
21. Nuclear family is ______.
A. a family that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives.
B. a family that includes only the father, mother, and children.
C. a family that includes a person’s parents, spouse, children and siblings.
D. a family that includes children from a previous marriage of the wife, husband, or both
parents.
22. When was the term “nuclear family” officially used?
A. in 1947
B. in 1960
C. in 1970
D. until the 1960-
1970
23. The word “millennia” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. 200 years
B. 500 years
C. about 10000 years
D. about 1000 years
24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?
A. The children should take care of their elderly members after they are grown.
B. The nuclear family didn’t become the majority situation until the 1960s and 1970s.
C. Understanding the roles in nuclear family helps you understand the relationships in your
family.